UNITED STATES>
NEW-YORK, Aug. 3;
It it a little surprising that officers of
armies should attempt tomake the world
believe impoflibilities and contradidli
©ns. In the account of the loss of the
allied armies on the 22d May, the Au
ftrians are said to have loft 100 men—
the Hannoverians the British
150. Yet in the fame account, It is
ltated that one brigade alorte was cut
down to two thirds of a regiment. If
the whole of Pithegru's force (from 60
to 90thoufand man) Wai in adtion 15
hours an army of nearly equal numbers
to oppose that forced—and the action
was the most desperate and bloody that
has been foughtj we fhoiild be glad to
know how it happens that so few men
were killed;, It is an attempt at impo
sition that dete&s itftlf: , , ,
The Duke of York in his address to
the army, the day after the battle, la
ments the loss they sustained, but flat
ters himfelf the survivors feel in some
measure corfipcnfaled by the credit they
gained: This is a new kind of
fealcnlatton." l How the honor a soldier
acfjifites frill compensate for the loss of
friet'di iri battle we pretend not to de
cide j but we very much question whe
ther the credit gained by the surviving
half of an afmy will repair the loss of
the other half. Th : smodeof comfort
ing the poor war-worn soldier however
reminds us of a certain American offi
cer, who, after the lose of a detach
ment of men under Major Wyllys at
the Miami Village, erisotiraged his ar
my with this confohng reflettionj that
though our loss was much greatef than
that of the Indians, yet we Could well
fpart tivo for one.
By the debates in Parliament, it is
rendered difficult to fulve the question
of Lord Dbfehefter's speech. Lour
Grenvil!e and Mri Dundas unequivo
cally disavow any knowledge of it and
declare it not to be authorized by any
instructions from the ministry. Some
pVople even in this country have fnf
peited it to be fcVgery: yet Simcoe's
proceedings iri Upper Canada and at
the Miatwi, cotfrite'rvail such suspicions.
Tkere ate some circuttl fiances ref
pedting the origin of the speech which
have not yet been inreftrgated. It is
£aid that the fpeecli came t'G New-York
in manuscript, and was firtf publilhed
in this city J and it is afkedy how it
came her-.—who brought it ? Was it
ever puWilhed in the papers in Canada ?
Who was present at the Indian Coun
cil when the talk was delivered !
On the other hand, to prove the
speech genuine, it is asked, why hafi
not Lord Dorchester publicly disavowed
it, it not genuine ? Why have not his 1
friends taken pairts to vindicate his cha-!
raster, if it fuffers unjustly, and to dc-,
tett the forgery? In short, do we not
fee the spirit and design of the speech 1
carried into efiedl by Governor Simco's
aggrtfiions. On thefj points we pafti
no decision ; it being our .business fairly!
to state fafb, and leave the public .to. 1
form concluiions from the premises. jl
v American Minerva, it
-j |l
The following (hort account of the fac-i
tions in the Convention of France, is a
extracted principally from the Ley-'l
den Gazette. |
After the ruin of the Bnffotines, thee
ruling partjr in the Convention wasc
again split rrtto two parties—that ofl
Hebert/ and that of Danton and La-1
croix. Robespierre, with his friends v
Barrere and Cetithon, was a popular 1
leader and the object of jealousy with!
both parties/ Bmth feared him, and it ii
was some time doubtful on which fide'r
Robespierre wo«lc! range himfelf. Bat't
withcofifaramate ill and diffimufationjti
he formed and executed a plan to rido
himfelf of both parties. His fir ft ftepfi
was to effect a reeoncilliation with Dan-F
ton, and the Paris papers informed usai
of the issue, which was a fraternal em-si
brace before the Convention. But Dan- u
too was deceived, he took a traitor to ei
his bosom, and Robespierre meant only m
to make Danton and his party the in- le
ftruments of cutting off Hebert and hi
band, and then he supposed himfel:
strong enough to take off Danton's par
ty also. Robespierre and Danton unit
ed in bringing Hebert to the Guillo
tine, and within fix days after the exes
cut ion of Hebert, Robespierre had Caus
ed Danton and his party to be arretted.
Le;rendre was alarmed at this rapid suc
cession of arrests, and moved that Dan
ton and his patty might be brought to fti
the bar, and hear the charges againft'of
them Robespierre, with an imperious Cl
didtatoral air, like that which Cromwell' dl
iffumed when he dispersed the Parlia-'r
merit that had been the inftrumerit, of °
his elevation, dec'ared that such a mo- '
tion was danger o'.'.s, and little {hort ofthi
tieaiyu ajaitift the Republic* ws
;f The menacing fpeecli of Robefpiem
.hulhed all opposition—The cc'nven.i'ol
were (truck dumb — LetVndre'smotten v:
.rejected—and St. Just announced Dai
.'ton's crime to be " a wilh to destroy libe
Pty under the pretext of indulgence—
| that his conduit for five years had beer
.only one tifiue of intrigues and confpira
, cies, thi* least of which was, to have]
' preached moderation and the return ofyegal
' brder. In vain said St. Juft,;have they ad
"vocated clemency—be inflexible, indul
-1 gence would be cruelty." Immediately
i the Convention passed a decree of accufa
tion.
In this manner—Hebert on the
one hand, and Danton on the other,
being totally crushed, Robespierre and his
friends were left matters of France. The
committee of Public Safety, by the fup
-1 predion of the Provisory Executive Coun
: cil, became the rnoft absolute court in Eu
rope. The supreme court of Criminia!
( juflice, called the Revolutionary Tribunal,
the convention and the Committee of Pub
' lie Safety, are now under all one diredtion
—-a few leaders hive engrafted and centered
>in themselves all legislative, judicial and
-executive powers, which Mr Jefferfon
.fays, Notes on Virginia, page 195. Lord
. Edit, " is precisely the definition of def
r potic government.''
c Peoplethereforewho suppose La Fayette,
' Roland, Briilot, Hebert, and Danton to
jhave been traitors to their country, art
t probably mistaken ; they have only been
- traitors to their rivals in the convention.—
. When twb rivals contend for power, the
, one that falls is always a traitor—the one
p who succeeds is the patriot. Should Robei
piefreand B?rrere quarrel, the one who can
" belt manage the people, will cruih his rival
r and he will make them believe the viflim
- of privatejealoufy a traitor to the Republif.
And such an erent is by no means im
probable. Should it take place in a few
_ months, we should not be surprized.
! history of faction is checkered
. with a great variety of incidentsbut
1 he importaiit fadts always rcfult from
the fame principles the passions of the
I human hcaTt. Whether we examine
, the contests in (he Giecian Republics,
I and in Rome ; the *"ar between Mariijs
nd Sylla j the civil Wars of the league
in France ; the coritett between Yorki'
nd Lascafter fh England ; or between
Charles 1. and CrOmwel); whether we
attend to the history 6f parties during
the present revolution in France, ordu
tirig the late session of our own Con
grels ; we shall find all popular leaders
juflifyinfr tfieir COridudf by the plea of
right, of neceffiiy of of patriotism ; at
the fame time if we examine their hearts
by their condudt; We thai! find them all
actuated by nearly the fame feltifh mo
ives or passions, private intefeft and
ambition. If a man is jealous of his
competitor, he directs fijs attention to
he people—makes them believe his rival 1
traitor, an enemy—persuades them to
pulldown his rival arid set himfelf up'
nd the moment he is mounted oh the'
people's shoulders, he tyraniz# over'
until a new ambitious demagogue!
.! ppears, tells the people their ruler is a'
. bad man, and persuades them to pull'
him down and set up another. Such is ;
the perpetual rotation of noisy dema-'
t ,ogties,- pufliing an J jostling for places.
The real patriot i» the man who sup- -
ports the laws of a free countrs'. The 2
man who attempts to acquire an undue ,
jihare of influence himfelf, or to give it [
|to private associations of men, attempts 1 '
jto weaken and destroy the only legitim- '
ate authority that exists in a free ftate,i'
and the only power which can protest
life, liberty andotlier priv'.te rights.— c
The moment a man or private focicties 1
can check or control the Heady operati- f
ons of law, we lose our freedom; we ih>
longer inhabit.a free country; we are in ''
the power of men, and not of the laws,
which is exadtly the situation of
in Turkey and other despotic countries.
1 he popular influence of Robespierre
in Fiance, the miniflerial influence in
the British government, arc equally
tyrnnicalj for both are above the laws of "
the country. The government i*that
of men and not of laws. The present
Situation of the wellern counties in
Pennfylvaniaf is the fanie. The laws
Jre prod rate arid men govern with the
:'ury of private passion:—They are us- h '
lrpers. who banish their fellow citizeris,
!ven for difference of opinion.—They J]
nuft be suppressed, or Pennsylvania at
east will be enflared. r
1 — o
LATE AND IMPORTANf
European ir
Rro«n London papers to the 11th June,
via St. Croix-. w
LONDON, June 4. w
We have reason to believe, that fuel,
Irong fails will appear in the next repor '5
f the Secret Committee to the House of
Commons, of the intentions of certain fe- g<
itious men and societies, as will ftaggei t u
be most unbelieving, and convince them as
t ths propriety of the measures taken
y government. Ec
In the long and hard fought action of ca
ib a 2 d ult. the army of the Convention * c
as from- 6.0 to ;o } coo lirong. It advanc-jbi
— -
rre din the best order, under the command
oi f General Pichegru in person j the a
'i onal Deputies proceeding attheheadof the
[i olumns. At one time doubts Were er,-
jrtained for the fafety of the centre or the
— mbinedarmy: when it was unexpected
•r, y supported by the arrival of ten battalioi ■
•a- by which the conventionalists were made
ve to retreat. During the whole of the en
al gagement, the emperor was on horii
d-back, constantly encouraging his troops
il- by his presence and example. The v aloi
ly of Archduke Charles was highly confpicu
fa ous: He charged the enemy several times
at the head of the cavalry. The oldest of
,e the soldiery, those who were engaged in I
r, Seven Years war in Germany, and in that i
lis against the Turks, do not recollect to have
:e ceil Ulch a carnage, and such 3. fre kept
pap for so long afpace of time ; for the e: -
11- ragement lulled 16 hours without intcwpif*
u- Son. pi v.-: r .
ft -J s*. • '
j LONDOtf GAZETTJS EXTRAORM
hi NART.
)n Whitehall, J!'ay 25.
: i( j A dispatch, of which the following
, n is a copy, was received thrs afternoor.
ru from his royal highness the y Duke of
:f- York hy the right hon. Henry Dundas,
his majesty's principal secretary of State 1
:e > lor the Home Department.
Tourney, May 25. j
en Sir, :
~ I have the fatisfaftion to acquaint ]
H you for his majesty's information, that 1
yesterday mofriing the enemy, having |
lr i made an attack upon the combined at |
at my under the command of his Imperial 1
m majesty, were repulsed, after a long and
lC - obil irate engagement. 1
n " The attack began at five o'clock,!
w but did nof appear to be feriom till [
1( j towards nine, when the whole force of \
l)t the enemy (confiding, according t<,,
m of upwavdsoforte hundr<-< (
|c thousand men) was brought against the t
ic w '"2> witli the intention of fore. c
iog,if p9ffible,thepaffagc of the Scheldt, j
Jg iii order toiirveft Tournay. j
je At firft they drove the out pods, and
■k obliged general fkifche's corps, whieh t
. n was polted at Elpierres, to fall back t
upon the main army ; but upon succour t
r being sent, general W allmoden, who,
u though very unwell, had re-laken tit
command of the Hanoverians, maintain
rs ed his position.—The enemy, hy coil
ftandy bringing up frefli troops, wen ,
at enabled to continue the attack, withoui .-
t6 intermiflion, till 9. o'clock at night.
L ]| The troops of the right wing beinj.
3 _ greatly fatigued, it became necessary t<
!C j support them from my wing; for whicl
| s purpose, besides 7 Auiti ian battalions ;
CJ I detached the 2d brigade of Britfth
a j under the. command of major-genera ,
0 Fox. Nothing could .exceed the fpiri; ,
and gallantry with which they conduit- [
, e ed themfelvcs, particularly in the ftorrn n
, r of the village of Poutechin, which thev
|e forced with the bayonet. The enem;. j,
a immediately began to ictreat, and du n
]] ring the night withdrew all their polls, e
; s and, according to every information, v
( have fallen back upon Lisle.
Seven pieces of cannon and about jj
~ 500 prifi.ners have fallen into our hands, y
e and the enemy's loss, in killed and n
e wounded, is said ta amount to little short
; t of 12,000 men, Which i's by no means n
s improbable, as (hey Were exposed to an f,
j.iuceffant fire of cannon and musketry
, jfor upwatds of, twelve hours. (j
The manner in which general Fox c ,
_ condttfted the brigade of British infan- j
, 6 try of the line merit&.my warmed ap- a
probation.
.j Ittelofed I fend the return of the kil
led and Wrtutided of the Britiih.
( I am, &c. Frederick. _
. Total of killed, wounded and miffing,
on the 22d of May, 1794.
. 7 Officers wounded; 2 Serjeants
, killed, 7 do. wounded ; 11 rank and .'
r file killed,' 77 do. wounded, 19 ditto.
r miffing.—t horse wounded.
t From the London Gazette 6f June 7. 01
1 Admiralty-Office, June 7.
The' following is an extract of a let- ft;
ter from W. Parker, Esq. captain of h?
his majesty's ship, Audacious, to Mr. w
Stephens, dated in Plymouth Sound, on vc
the 3d inft. to
1 have the hortor to acquaint you, gE
for their Lordlhip'i information, that, th
on the 28th ult. in the morning about so
eight o'clock his majesty's fleet, undei br
the command of the Earl Howe, thei Fi
in lat. 47, 3j North, long. 14, 10,
weft, got fight of that of the enemy.
The wind blew flrotlg from the South- h
ward, and the enemy's fleet directly to tvi
windward. !ls
Every thing was done by his majef- eh
ty's fleet, per signals from the Earl th
Howe (preserving them in order) to so
get up with the enemy, who appeared co
to be forming in order of battle. But, ta
as I apprehended his Lordlhip consider ra:
ed their conduct began rather to indi h
cate an intention of avoiding a genera vi
action, at 55 minutes after one o'clocl v<
he directed a general chafe. ,p
nd It was just becoming dark when his
a- majesty's ftiip under my command ar
rived up with the rear fliijj of the ene
l''(' my's line. 1 immediately commenced
j a very close action, which continued
~ near two hours without intermifiion ;
dt never exceeding the distance of half a
n cable's length, but generally closer, and
■ft everal times in the utmoll difficulty to
f ; ' prevent falling on board, which, as his
31 iaft effort to appearance, at about ten 1
es o'clock tie attempteei to effedt. 1
jf At this time his mizen-mad was gone I
11 by the board, his lower yards and main 1
at top-fail yard /hot away ; his fore top- i
fail being full (tlio' flying out from the'
" rop-fail yard, the sheets heing shot away) 1
j-" le fell athwart 011 r bows, but we fepa-'
rated withopt being.enta(igkd any time.
—He lii« cuurfe before]
J■ he wind, and to appearance passed <
through or close nfteni of the ships in I
the rear oi our line. <
When the enemy separated from a-'
ir thwart our bows the company of his'
,f majesty's ship tinder my command gave '•
s three cheers, from the idea, taken from *
, t . the people quartered forward, that his«
colours were struck. This I
myfelf take upon me to fay, though I'
think it likely, from his situation oblig
ing him to pass through or near to our'
tine : but certain it is lie was complete-'
i* ly beaten ; and the last broadside. (the <
g (hips fides aimoft touching each other,'
' he sustained, without returning more'
a ' than the fvre of two or three gnns.
<1 His majedy's ship under my com-1
mand, at the time wc fepaiated, lay v
with her topsails aback, (every brace,'
" boling, most of her Handing, and ail'
•f her running rigging shot away) in an '
'■ unmanageable date, it was dime time
< before 1 could get her to wear, to run c
1 to leeward ftom the French line, under p
cover of our own 'hips, which, by what
I could judge from the lights* were all v
pretty Well up and tolerably formed. 1
<' Tliis beino effected, I turned all hands 1
1' to repairing our damages, to get intc '
k readiness, if poffihle, to resume our fta
lr tion at day light. a
The rear of ihe French line had beer;
1 engaged at a diftatu*, by Rear-Admi- 11
al Pafley's division, and fomc other'
1 hips that did not-fetch so far ro wind- e
' ward, a considerable time before I ar- "
1 nvtd up with them ; and this very fhip c
.vas engaged by one of his majesty's
lips, at fomc didancc to leeward, the
1 me I did. \
' The night being vefy dark, 1 could
1 01m but litt.l? judgment of the' situation f
f our fleet with rclpedt to the French, £
1 ni point of distance, other than, not u
1 tearing any firing alter our own
■ t concluded they were scarcely far c- c
nough to windward. a
}' Soon after day light the next morn i
!■ ing, to our utmost chagrin and astonish e
merit, we difcovcred njtie fail of the •
l > enemy's fliips i.bout three miles to wind r
j ward. e
The Audacious then, with her ttand- v
' '"g r 'ggi n g but very indifferently scop 'i
> pered, her forefail and topsails unbent, b
' main topsail in the top in the aft of bend- 11
' ing, we put before the wind, with the ft
s main and fore top-mad staysails only, ill p
1 set, from the days being shot away ;|h
1 hut, it being hazy with rain, and fo'on'r
becoming thick, we, for a time, were w
; covered from theit view, and before, as a
• I approached, they had formed a judg-'g
" ment of what we were. jd
The greatest exertion was used hyr a
every officer and man in the ship to getj"
the other forefail and main-topsail b<rnt.' n
The fore topmast being so badly wound-j a
ed, the fore topsail was of but little mo-r
ment, however, tire people brought the 1 '"
damaged fail to the yard again, thougl.,
it could not be hoifteß -; but, before we |C(
got the forefail and main topsail set, thei*? 1
haze cleared off, and we soon difco.vercdr c
ourfeK'es to be chafed by two of the ene-«P'
my's ships. At this period we saw the !lV
ship We had engaged, without any
standing, and passed her at a mile and aj w
half distance. The ships coming -upjl'
with us very fact, our situation became-l
very alarming, until we got the main-th
top gallantfail, main top mill, and top'in
gallant studding-sail,. when three fail, ta
that had been discovered to the eastward th
some time before, (two sloops and aP>
nrig) comming pretty near us, hoiiled re
French colours. ro
The state of ©wr-maftsdidutrt admit w .
eif making an alteration in our course j
hey obfervingour fliattered fituation,and ' e
-wo ships in chafe of ua, flood athwart tc
118 boldly within fire, and shot were ex-''
"hanged; the one a large frigate, and al
the other two corvettes ; but, as we had
so much fail out, they fell astern for ace
considerable time ; at length the frigate at
i-ame within shot of us again, and har- W
raffed us by a distant cannonade upon cc
he quarter, upwards of an hour, but he
vithout doing 11s any material injury, of
■ve only filing some of our after gunsjtri
ipon each deck at her. She ,\vai ob-jth
hi.ferred to make a f, gr , al t0
ar-ftern, and soon after, viv v '
ic- pall twelve o'clock, with th e " c ' 4
ed hauled lier wind, and by its v,
ed hazy, the whole were Hon out offi?
n; Having been chafed twentv P"
a leagues dire&ly to leeward, L f
nd crippled Rate of thebowfprit bein* r e
to as judged impossible to ft a „d y th S " cf|
lis was hauled to the wind, I rnn rV P
:n the endeavoring to find the fl m '
m|htput hi s^ajeft y ' a rhi p (ir)he «J
ie fedhve state). to too much rife a ,"
therefore judged it mo ft advam ' j
p. for tHe service to proceed to port ?
,e out loss of time, to refit; which I h
,)may meet with their io.djkip^JJ
be to re.
re preftnt to their. lordfhm*. that t},„
'd dust of thcr.auVr'amsof C^^-
in flilp under my command, durini t l*
action, merits all the praise I can e
a-upon them ;as alio that of tfotaj
.sCrofton, of the 6oth regiment, tt |,ofe
,e alerthefs and a&ivity, with his men, at
mfrnall arms, in fuppdrting the teame-t
is firmed, to defend the boarding ( w | lic u
twice during theaaionl P3W
I me perfect fatisfa&ion.
H e™ e co Chip's, company
ir alfe that oi the soldiers of the 69th reg : .
e . ment, exceeded every poflible expedtati'
ie on ; in fad the whole of the officers and
r, men, in their different departments be.
e haved in a most exemplary manner.
It is wonderful, after such an aflion,
i-that I have the happiness to fa;, the
v whole number killed and wounded are
but twenty-two : three were killed
ii the (pot, one died soon after, and the
n life of two more is despaired of.
e The Captain arid fume of.the officer*
nof a French corvette, which we took
pofTcfiion of, and burnt a few morning#
lt before, by the Earl Howe's order,
II viewed the Hiip we had engaged, while
palling her in the morning, and were of
|c opinion (he is called .La Revoluticnnaire,
c formerly the Bretngne.
1- In cafe their Lordfliips Ihould have
any enquiries to make further, I have
n dispatched Lieutenant Joseph Binghan.,
i. my senior Lieutenant on board, with
, the charge of this letter, who is a very
[. excellent officer and an intelligent youn'r
. man, and, I trust, capable of giving
p every refquiiite information..
» — 1
e MANHEiM, May 27.
tl The Ai.fl.inn army which crolTed the
1, Rhine on the 22d infta'nt con l'i (led of
)( 80,000 infantry, and 4CQO cavalry
it only. No-bistjgag'e was carried acvofs,
1, but each foldicr was provided with'three
•- days bread, a circumstance which led to
a conjecture that the French near Neu
-1 hoff and Shifferftadt were to be attack
-1 ed. Accordingly, at fix in the morn-
I ing, the cannonade commenced on eve
i ry fide, and was vigoroully kept up,
extending as far as the mountain!,
[. where the Piuffia-ns were also engaged.
> After a variety of ebflaclcs two French
. batteries weii at length carried ; but
|. unfortunately the left wing of the Ati
e ftrians fuddetrly found itfelf in a critical
II position. A division of Hussars, which
;|had advanced to reconnoitre, was fur
n'rounded in a rr.orafs, where 6# foldicis
e were <i lier killed or wounded; and,
s'at the fame juncture, a part of the re
- giment of archduke Ferdinand, and a
jdivifion of the regiment of Seculi, in
'an endeavour to scale a French battery,
owtre unexpeeftdly exposed to several
rnafked barriers, by which 37 menwerein
jan instant (lain and 147 wounded. This
Jobhged them to retreat. General Me
jzaros, who was present at the attack,
had a horse killed under him, and re-
Jceived a violent contusion from the fame
~bullet. Each party, now refnmed its
j former position ; the Aultrians being io
.ported as to command the environs of
jMoudach, Mntterrtadt, and SchifFer
i.ftadt. The loss of the enemy, ta
[•wham the hussars of Veczey gave no
( quarter, was very considerable.
■1 The Prufllanson their fide, difpl ived
I'the highest activity : th«y were divided
,'iiito four columns with a view of at
tacking the enemy at each flank; and
this attack was executed with equal
promptness and precision, the French
retreating towards Tripftadt by cro s
roads and a country abounding in wootte,
which enabled the PrtiffianS to surround
. them on gll fide. On the 24th, the
j left wing of the PrufTian army marched
. towards Neuftadt and Piimalt'n6; while
the main body proceeded to Hombourg
I and Deux Pouts.
' Yellerday Prince Hohenlohe, advan
i ced by Spire ugainft GeVmerlheim, an
• at night ellablilhed his head quarters at
Muftach. The Piuflians tiiVer the
command of the hereditary prince no
henhole tock polfeflion or tlie territory
of Neurtadt, and extended their pa
;'troles to Adighofcn ; protesting '/
If heir sudden arrival the greater part u