i BY AUTHO.iU'i'i. From the Philadelphia Gazette. By the President of the United States of America, A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS combinations to uefea thj cKccunon of the laws layinqj dutie 11., i! iplrits Milled within the Unitri S :.tes and upon stills, ha»e from tlt laws exiited in fomeofthe weitern part c f Pennsylvania ; /Ind whereas the fail combinations, proceeding in a manne subversive equally of the just authorii of government and of the rights of in ilividuals have hitherto effeitsd the! dangeious and criminal purpose; b' the influence of certain irregular meet liigs, whose proceedings have tended ti encourage and Uphold the spirit of op position, by mifreprefentatioris of th laws calculated to render them odious by endeavors to deter those who migh be so disposed from accepting offices un dcr them, through fear of public re fentmsut and of injury to person ani property, and to compel those who hai accepted fueh offices by aftuai violence to surrender or forbear the execution o them ; —by circulating vindictive mcna ces again (I all those who should other wile directly or indirectly aid in the exe cution of the said laws or who, yielding to the dictates of conscience and to , sense of obligation should themfelvc comply by actually injuring and destroying the property of person who were understood to have so cornpli ed :—by inflicting cruel and humiliating punilhmenlt upon private citizens forr.( other cause than that of appearing t< be the friends of the laws; —by in ferceptiug the public officers or the high ways, abusing, and otherwile ill treating them ; by going to their houses in the night, gaining ad mittance by force, taking away tbei papers and committing other outrages: employing for these unwarrantable pur poles the agency of armed banditti dif gulfed in fueh manner as for the most part tc escape discovery j —ft. And whereas the era deavars of the Legislature to obviate ob jeSions to the said laws, by lowering th< duties and by other alterations conducive tc the convenience of those whom they im mediately affeck (though they have giver fatiffidlion ill other quarters )and the en deavors of the executive officers to con ciliate a compliance with the laws, by ex p'.anations, by forbearance and even by accomodations founded on the suggestion of local confederations have been difap pointtd of their effect by the machination? of persons whose indiiftry to excite re fiflance has incrcafed with the appearaucc ot" a difpolition among the people to relax in their opposition and to aquiefce in the laws : insomuch that many persons in the said western parts of Pennsylvania have at length* been hardy enough to perpretratc a.' in fellion to call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other (late or Hates moll convenient theteto, ■s may be neceflkry, and the fe of the militia so to be called foith may be continued, if neceflary, until the expi ration of thirty days after, the com mencement of the enfuiftg fefiion , Pro vided always, that whenever it may be neceflary in the judgment of the Preli dent to life the military force hereby di rected to be called forth, the President fhal! forthwith and previous thereto, by Proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their, refpeftive abodes within a linrited time." —And whereas James Wilson ffn nflo jriate jultice on the fourth inltant by writing under his hand did, from evi dence \Vhich had been laid before him, notify to me that " in the counties of " Washington and Allegheny in Penn " fylvania, the laws of the United States " are opposed, and the execution there " of obftru£led by combinations too " powerful to be fupprefled by the or " dinary course of judicial proceedings " 01 by the powers veiled in the Mar " fhal of that diflrifl.". And whereas it is in my judgment necefl'ary under the circumstances of the cafe to take measures for calling forth the militia in order to suppress the com binations aforefaid and to cause the laws to be duly executed, and I have accord ingly determined so to do, feeling the deepeit regret for the occalion, but with al the most fblemn conviction, that the eflential iriterefts of the Union demand it, that the very existence of goverh ment and the fundamental principles of social order are'materially involved in the and that the patriotism and firt.inefs of all good citizens are seriously called upon, as occasion may require to aid in the effectual suppression of so fatal a spirit. Wherefore, atnd in pursuance of the provision above recited, I George Wash ington, President of the United States, do hereby command all persons, being insurgents as aforefaid, and all others whom it may concern, on or before the firft day of September next to disperse and retire peaceably to their refpe&ive abodes. And I do moreover warn all persons whoiiifoever against aiding abet ting or comforting the perpetrators of the aforesaid trcafonable acts : And do require all officers and other citizens ac cording "to their refpeftivc duties and the law of the land to exert their utmost endeavors to prevent and suppress such dangerous proceedings. In tellimony whereof I have caus ed the feaj of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the fame (L.S) with my hand. Done at the city of Philadelphia the seventh day of Augutt one thousand se ven hundred and ninety four, and of the independence of the United States of America, the nineteenth. G°. WASHINGTON. By the President, Edm. Randolph. From the Minerva. WHILE the United States are ra pidly extending theii improvements in arts, agriculture and commerce, it is with peculiar pleasure we notice any attempts of our citizens to cultivate the sciences and advance the literature of their country. Among the most refpedhble writers in America, we may number Dr. Belknap, the author of,the history of New-Hampshire, who is emi nently versed in the history of the Uni ted States. To this gentleman's induf fry and talents, will America be here after greatly indebted, for collecting and preserving many very valuable docu ments of its history ; which is the no ble design of a society established in Boftoil, in a great measure by his influ ence. As a writer, he is refpe&able ; as a historian, accurate and faithful, and as a patron of ufeful sciences, deserving of the highest encomiums. Dr. Belknap, is now entered upon a literary path, hiterto unexplored in this country ; that of biography ; and the firft volume of his " American Biogra phy," has lately been publish -d, and is now for sale in this city. To this vo lume is prefixed a dissertation on the circumnavigation of Africa by the an cients, and its probable consequence, the population of some part of Ameri ca. In this the author gives the sub .lance of the arguments used to prove or disprove the probability of a voyage round Africa irndebv order of Necho, 600 years before Clrill; inclining felf to the opinion hat the voyage re lated by Herodotuswas not a fiction, in which lie doubtics is- supported by the weight of eviderre. He then exa mines the accounts of the voyage of Hanno, the Carthajinian,' and that of Endoxues. He proceds to inquire into the probability that America was peo pled by the ancients The fa£ts cited to prove some settlements made under the tropics in very ancients times, are by no means flight evidence of such an event. In this part of the work, the author has collected from Herodotus, Pliny, Rollin, Robi/ifon, Bruce, and some other writers, all the acDountsthat appear to throw light 011 this fubjedl; and has difci'ffed the question with the utmost fairnets and discernment. The author's next article is a " chro nological detail of adventures and dik coveries, made by the European nations in America, before the establishment of the council of Plymouth in 1620." The firlt person whose difcoveriesthe author relates, is Biron or Biorn, a;i Icelander, who is iuppofed to dii covered the island of Newfoundland and ttie Labrador coait, about the year 1001. The evidence of such a <}if<-"0- very is by no means flight, especially as it relts principally on the authority of the " Icelandic chronicles hilto rical records of high intiquity and un impeached authority- The author re lates the story of Madoc, the Welch prince, as us doubtful origin, and not very credible. In the 14th century, one Zeno, a Venetian, it is related, discovered a large island, in latitude 59 and 60 north, which is called Frifland. Many con curring accounts of this island, given by early navigators, seemed to render its existence probable ; but as latter voyages did not confirm these accounts, they have been eonfidered as fictions. Dr. Belknap, however, leems inclined to believe that such an island has attu allv existed in the northern seas, in lati tude 57 to go and longitude 1.3 weft from some diftanci flora Ice land and Grefehfend ; and that the island is funk. Two strong arguments hr fs vor of this opinion, are : firft, that two American captains in their voyages, one from St. Peterlburg and the other from Amsterdam, have within a few years past, discovered a rock and shoals ex actly in the place described as being formerly the position of this island ; and secondly, the appearance and disap pearance of iflanda if! the northern fcas is no uncommon thing. An instance happened near Iceland in 1753. The next article is the life of Colum bus ; which if. well treated by the au thor ; but as most readers are acquaint ed vith the history of this dilcoverer, it is not neceHary to enlarge upon it. In the close of this article "the Doctor considers the qtieftion of Martin Be haim'6 voyage to Fayal in 1460, and to America in 1484 ; and whole story of his difcoverieff as a fiction. The Doctor proceeds in the order of time to give the life and discoveries of the Cabots, and of Cartier, who made voyages to North America ; as Ferdi nand de Soto, who traversed the Flori das and lands on the Miffifippi, in search of geld ; of Humphrey Gilbert who took formal pofleffion of Newfoundland for the crown of England j of Walter Raleigh and Richard Grenville, who labored to effect a settlement in Virgi nia ; of John de Fuca, a Greek, who in the year 1592 discovered the north weft coast of America; of Gofnold, who discovered and gave name to cape Cod ; of John Smith, the real father of the firft settlement in Virginia, and a man of singular talents and adven tures ; of de Monts, Poutrinhourt, and Cliamplain, made voyages to Ca nada, and began a settlement in 1604; of Ferdinand Gorges and John Mason, who dillinguifhed themselves in the fiift settlement of New-Hamplhire & Maine; and of the Henry Hudson, who, in' 1609, in his second voyage to Ameri ca, entered and gave name to the river, which penetrates the present state of New-Y«rk. A fliort account of Hack luit and Purchase elofes the firft volume of the American Biography. The Doctor's style is easy and per spicuous ; frea of affected elegance, and well adapted to his fubjed. If any inaccuracy, worthy of critipifm, has es caped his pen, it is such an expreflion asprcmoujly to, or agreeably to ; in which he adopts a modern innovation, but one that renders th« conftruftion uncouth and violates one of the moil materia] rules in the formation of eiur language ; that of the agreement of adje&ives with lentences or members of sentences. This principle in the conftru&ion has been , n° n^ CTcd the c Wpilcrs of •B.ngh(h Grammars. That celebrated republican, John Home Tooke, who has lately been committed to the tower on a charge of sedition, is the firit writei who has fully proved and illullratei that rule ; and the English grammar in moll repute were publilhed prior tc Mr. Home Tooke's Dissertations 01. that fubjeft. Dr. johnlon declared jnft before his death, that if he fliould live to publifl another edition of his Dictionary, h<. fliould certaiuly make use of Mr. Hornt Tooke's discoveries to correal his own works; but this never took place. It it is to be regretted that royal influence fliould injure Mr. Tooke's literary fame, and check the pregrefs ofhis ptin ciples. But such is the fact; or it couli not happen that some moll egregiou: errrors of 'Lowth and other court wri ters fliould prevail over the moil obvious rules of propriety. Yet errors of the kind here mention ed are frequent in American state pa pers, such as, " I enclose you a letter, from the secretary of state, relatively to the design, &c." " exclufiuely of this cir cumstance independently of that"— and others, which injure the melody, and deltroy the true conftrudtion of tht language, while they difgraee the liter ature of the country. UNITED STATES. NEW-YORK, August 6. Communication. The Enteprize of the American charac ter has almost become proverbial—but it ts no where more co'nfpicuods that in the at tempt sO vie with Europe in arts that ihc has till lately caller' her own; those manu failures however seem principally to de serve our encouragement that by means of the late improvements In mechanics draw the feweft hands from cultivation, and by the assistance of the elements, enable one man to perform the labor of an hundred ; of this kind is the cotton manufactory of D. Deekfon and Co. in the vicin ity of this city. The silent operation of the machinery, while it gradually reduces the material from its natural state to the most allervated thread, is there finely con trailed with die busy clattering of an hun dred looms—but the most intereftins fpedfacleis pefented by a number of chil *lrcn of both frxrs {hatched from poverty and vice, and fed, clothed, and educates so as to promote their own happingjmr become the instruments of the commercia! independence of their country. This efta blifhrncnt deserves and will surely obtain the greatest favor and encouragement, efpeci ally when i . can be afforded at no greater expense than that of wearing in hot weath> r suit of light cloths. RICHMOND, July 31, Last week was call at Mr. Taylor's Brass Foundery in this City, a largt bell, for the use of the Federal City— which, on examination by the different Mechanics, is said, in point of propor tion and tone, to be equal to any im ported bell. It appears from unquestionable au thority, that Sinclair's (hip, which has been seized at Smithfield, under the au thority of the United States, was al the time of her faizure under rapid e quipment for privateering. Her guns and military stores were in readiness. A surgeon and other officers unknown to commercial veflels, were engaged, and in a very ftiort time file would have been ready for sea. But it is to the ho nor of our citizens, that though they poflefs the most sacred regard for the rights of individuals in lawful pursuits, yet no man in any situation, or under any pretext is permitted to infringe the laws, or oppose the legitimate authority of the government. The con do ft of all who were con cerned on this oecafion reflects the high ell credit on themselves and their coun try. The Marflial and Major Tyler before the arrival of the diltaut militia, were cxpofed to great insult, and were not free from "danger: but with them, an entire devotion to their duty seems to have conquered, every other conside ration. The prompt nel's and alacrity of the militia from this place, who were detached in coniequcnce of some tardi ness in the militia of lfle of AVight, td aflift the Marlhal in the execution of his office, juftifies the most pleasing antici pations of their Cervices if any adverse event, (hall hereafter produce a more important necessity. Indeed no blame seems to be imputa ble to the people of the lfle of Wight, who, upon receiving orders for that purpose, appear to have co-operated with great sincerity with the militia who were sent from the other counties ; so that this small experiment of the public mind, evinces it to be as heretofore it has been disposed to order and the support of the laws, and hoftilc to licentioufneis undei all circumftarices and forms. If laws are any where to be viewed as sacred things, they are to be coniideied so in free governments, where the right, the di ''ity, and fqual happjnrls of the who!< society conftitutt: the foundation and ob iea of every public ordinance I n her empires, men are deemed to obedience to some superior man . bl £; this happy republic, it is to - |y_l a ws which they themielves have formed, that the cuizens are bound ' submit. Reverence then the laws and as our government is wore hapr,', f we may justly hope that it will have » onger duration than any whose hi|l or ! hatb yet been discovered. PHILADELPHIA, AUGUST 8. The governor has appointed the Chief fuft.ce and gen. Irv.ne to proved toT Western country, to ascertain the f 3( «' relative to the late riots, and if praflj cd s to bring the rioters to a fenfc of their d 7 ty.—ln conlequence of the Ph;ftdem'sn ro ." : lamatKin, he has also convened tht 1 giflature to meet on the ift of SeptemW next. By verba! information from PittlW}, we understand, that thehoufe and bam 0 ) Benjamin Welis, an cxcife officer and those of some others have been burnt but no lives were loft as norefiftance wa « at tempted. At the meeting held at Brad dock's fields on Friday last in confequenc ■ of the notice in the handbill, between ? and 6000 men, we understand, assembled m arms, and appointed sixty of their num ber a committee to report what further proceeding should be bad. The oppof ers of the ercife are so decided in their me». lures that none of a. contrary opinion dare express it. Gen. Adv. Exports from Pennfyhauia, The exports from the port of Pluladel phia, to foreign countries, (exdulive of all shipments coaft-wifcjamounttdto on; million seven hundred and ninety-two thousand fix hundred and eight dollars, during the quarter ending on the 30th of June 1794 ; although the embargo existed during 55 days in April and May, and theTe wasof course an exportation dnringjj days only, in May and June. It appears therefore, that, whether Jce or Embargo obftruft the trade of Philadelphia, forfu or eight weeks, the a&ive merchants of that port, will get through the bufinets of the quarter. Am. Adv. The following is the copy of an hand bill, printed at Pittsburgh.—The Post Rider left that place without a. • "7 Isttfxl or newfpapcrs— At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of Pittf burgh, on Thursday evening, July iI, 1 794> io ta ' ie info consideration the present fit nation of affairs, and didtrt their fenLments ok this tLljcatt erifit. A great majority, almost tiie whelt ;>f the inhabitants of the town, afftm. bled. It being announced to the mett >ng, that certain gentlemen from the town of Wafliington, had arrived, and had fignified that they were intruded with a meflage to the inhabitants of ths • town relative to present affairs; a com. mittse »)f three persons weie appoiultd to confer with them, and report the > melfage to the meeting—the perfoni ppointed were George Wallace, H. Hi Bvackenridge, and Jolin Wilkins, juu, these gentlemen made report to thi ; meeting, viz. That in consequence of certain letteri 1 sent by the lafl mail, certain perfoni 1 were discovered as advocates of the Ex ' cife Law, and enemies to the interefh »f the country; and that a certain Ed ward Day, James Biifon, and Abraham Kirkpatrick, were particularly obnoxi ous, and that it wasexpeftedoftlie coun try, that they should be difmified from tfc ' town without delay : whereupon, it wa resolved, that it should be so done, and a committee of twenty one were ap pointed to fee the resolution carriedinto etfe£t, to wit. George Wallace, H. H. Brackenridge, Peter Audrain, Jot" 1 Scull, John M'Mafters, John Wilkics fen. Andrew M'lntire, George Robin son, John Irwin, merchant, Andrew Watson, George Adams, Davul Evans, Jofiah Tan'nehill, Matthew Ernest, Wil liam Farls, Alexander M'Nicklc, Col. John Irwin, James Clow, WilliamGorm jly, Nathaniel Irish, A. Tanneliill. ! Also, That whereas it is a part of (the mciTage from the gentlemen ol Wafliington that a great body of tin people of the country will meet to-mor tow at Braddock's fields, in order tc ' carry into effedt mcaftires that n»y seem to them adviieable with refpeft tc the Excise Lawand the advocates or it Resolved, That the above commit tee, {hall at an early hour wait upon 'J" people on the ground, and affiire tlii pegple that the abovt resolution, rcTptft to the profctibed perfonj, M been carried into effifi. Resolved, also, That the of the town fliall march out, W«d J O,l the people on Braddock's I'ielo, <•'> ,e hren, to cairv into effect with t ten :ny meafurethat mayfe'em adTifcaofctc :he common cause. . Resolved, also, That we fha'l * watchful among ourselves of fill c _ l3l ac ters, that by word or may u