HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Editor and Publisher.
NIL. DESPEKANDUM.
Two Dollars per Annum.
VOL. X.
RIDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1881.
NO. 50.
The Farmers' Bonner
Upheld dy hands umdo brown with toil,
And hearts both true and tried,
Ob, patient tillers ol the Boil
(The nation's heart and pride),
Rend o'er hi.h hills and valleys wide
The (-'adsi'ine woid ol right,
l'lint limtii'i s in their humble home.
H A-e mauMy and might.
Then inonnrchs proud shall honor,
And hlo-!-ing3 on you shed,
For to tbi' 1 timblo Inrmer
They lrok lorduily brend
Vet need yo not to covet
The pi inct-'a power and wealth,
For cowns contain no jewels
Compared to peoco and health.
Vour wetilth contis's ol meadows green
And fields of waving grain;
Vour homes made neat by labor sweet,
Piove you've not lived in vain.
Then hail to the tanners' banner,
From wnrand bloodstain free!
May pence, good-will and charity
Its motto ever be.
A QUEER VALENTINE.
" Piisl kin, plimhkin, prliean gee,
Wo ihink no liiuU so tlnftVas we;
I'lii-hUn. pluslikin, pelican gill,
. e thii.k fo then- woihoughtso still. '
Girli'KU V, intlirop looked rathei be
wi !lt x ! us i! t ie si itmls irtued from the
door " bii ! '.!i Ffivar-t oppned for her.
" 'i h 'n tun) ones," whispered the
girl.
Two pliiliirii) were bepping about
the io. iu :if ii ey Kutif ll.c strange gib
berish givi n hl-ove. One was a keen,
sallow lac-i il noy of nice; the other a
pretly, (air-haired girl ol seven. The
boy hurl n bar. c n with a bunch of di
lapiibitrd ci.c k t ii niln rs in it. The girl
wore iv lowi ostrich plume, and various
straps r-f rrd llaui.il pinned hero and
there cn l it firws,
" Oli,' l.iil'i'! wi-'re pelicans," cried
tUebo, in no vw-v abashed; " that's
the relii nn churns."'
" You ii' prf'i-iiiU pickles, that's wot
you tsre,:1 said .Jai.e. ' ltever I see sich
limbs of ti e "
She ln:i;it'd out of respect for the
etrauger.
GertiU'H s-'irveyed her charges, and they
in nun bt -stowed on her an unflinching
stare.
"What me your narxusP ' she asked,
Foftly; "I ura gin to be with you,
and ti ii'li J ol;. ' mi know."
" (K:i.v !"" paid I hu boy, " wouldn't it
be hit if you never lotnd out! then
you conn n't riia us, jou know. And
it c u i i' l.'t us we wouldn't have
to come."
" Hut 1 can easily lind out," said Ger
trude, with a luugh; "so you had better
be geritli'mnr-iy nnd nuswer my ques
tion." "My name's Rciieriek, but tbeycal.
me Kod, lier uuaie's Nina, but 1 call
her Nini). Vos bin 's a numbskull all
girls sue. LUiab.-kuiiS."
"This is your room, ma'am," ex
claimed Jai-c. otei-iaga door and going
in hen Gertrude stood r.t her side
She tnri.ed the key.
"Sell jou tin iio thiswl.en you want
to be U'Oiit', nrd youl bless the min
utes yi.u Kit from Hint pair.
I'm etiin' to leave to-morrer
as I i-ive w.-rnen regular an' my life
woifi ui wiih Hit m wn young imps-
savin' urpitrrnsi wLieh jou'Jl tino
'eruoui , u xi t r.t ueh ; and 1 wouldn't
prejudice jiu ngin 'tni bi forehand ; and
that rantankt ivus o.d cut, cither, down
below i b. thej're a twitt lot"
"llipsti!' said Gtitrucle. "I cannot
listen to MH'h "
" Will, I'll. -ay a food word for Maxtor
Eric," miu Jane, turniug to go; "be
knows h w t- mat a poor girl. He's a
genliemai, u-uie the pity he's to be
thrown away on that tli liberty gibbet
Mis? Francii. as i i.o bette r nor a "
"There. there!1 ciied Gertiude, as
the vbildnn were puiiuueling at the
door, " ou nujTO now thank you."
There were two or thne si latched up
desks and tome lorn books, a. so a globe
over whii'ii strange maps had been
smeared with ink and rua p-unt.
" Well. Roderick," shu said, turning
to her In tie subjects, w no baa mos, mu
tinous liees. " wiiet do sou study r"
"On! when I feel like study, i like
Roman history best. I'm goin' to be a
heathen nnd worshm JUPiur. I DUlil
an altar to him the other day; got one
of Francii Dormers white boxes, and
printed ' Jupiier Ave Imperatore' on it,
and made a pi.c of sticks and matches
and Dcuied colog ne over it for incense.
and. golly ! ho .? it burned I That was a
sacrifice, you see; and cranciti says
she 11 sacrifice me tue next time i med
dle with her thiniM. 1 said t her:
'trauda, you've got no f Jtlicjc tor Ro
man history.' "
"1 aiu a Leatl.en, too," ci led Nina.
" Vou ain't; you'fo i C'lristiau,"
cried Rod. as it he vwre iiunin at her a
most opprobrious epithet.
"I I won't b:' a Christian all alone!"
cried Nina, with a roar.
"Hullo! Whit's the rumpus P What's
. the row T' criui a good-natured voice,
and a very handsomo young man en
; tered ratuer hurrieuly, ana stopped
short at the sight of Gertrude
"They want to be heathens," said
Gertrude, with an emburrassed smile.
" Well, I venture to say it wouid be
hard to find two greater young heatnens
in our enlightened country. Excuse me
for bursting in so uncermoniously. I
wanted to' quench these y utigsters'
noise. My mother"
"Oh, I forgot," answered Gertrude,
nervously ; slie especially spose of her
dislike to nLe. I a lictlu time 1 bhiil
learn "
Eric -as frettin' eviryiaing-1 v. n
the two j ouug savages ho wer;swarui
icg upon rim m looking at tue wou
deifui beauty of this young girl's hicu.
Sureiy. if Mrs.Ohuinhiigh uadseen that
faja iu uuything but the half darkness
in which she delighted, she wouid never
have brought Gertrude Winlhrop into
ha boune.
" V.'eil, Erio, whU are you about P"
cried a -.nerry voice. " Goin to woilop
Hod P I'll goin lor that, a-t he used up
a good bottle i f my Franipaiii in his
slut ii.i'i-ntation.''
And a ii'-tie dark, brilliant-looking
crcaturj, in b; ick g-iuzs aud amner,
fluueied in, am. cured rather super-jili-omly
at Gertrude. Shu reminded our
heroine somehow, . of some brilliant
.South American insect, there wai to
much flash and color abjut her.
iler only real beauty was in her eyes,
which were large, intensely black and
shining, but also, at present, a little
ruaiieii.us; for Francia Dormer took in
at a irlanre Gertrude's beauty, and she
was nut yt t secure of Eric Churuleigh's
hunt.
Slip) nodded carelessly.
"Tbi? rr'iverness, I suppoie? Come,
E ie, li e count is downstairs, and
wants to cunsult you about something
whether tomatoes will grow in
S;ixonv. I believe. He has. learned to
dote on I hem, and wishes a garden of
them around his castle."
Eric took have with a polite bow,
and Rod, who had been silent for the
spfice. of tive minutes, siicl : ,
" 1 ba'e Francia Dormer. She's a
snake! '
Gertrude kept the Irrepressible ones
quiet till their tea timp with her inven
tion;! She had some talent in that line,
acd felt glad and relieved to find that
she held a most potent weapon to be
umhI in lier new kingdom
Rod had really nn active mind, a:i 1
she won him by her praise; Nina fal
lowed his example; and when he found
hecouid gain the pleasure of hearing a
story by diligence, he began to apply
uuueeji.
Eric said the children were crowing
so tolerable he quite enjoyed looking in
on them or.ee in u while; to which Rod
replied; "What makes vou look nt
Mis? Gertrude all the time, then !"
Gertrude blushed, nnd began to feel
uncomfortable fibout the visits.
Sometimes Geitrurle was requested to
come down in inc evening to play, nnd
then she saw Bertha and her betrothed.
The elder sister was too busy just now
to look into the schoolroom. Her in
tended, Von Arnheiia, who was an
officer in the Prussian army, was a
rather stolid-looking German, with
scant blonde hair, good natured blue
eyes and a beaming smile. Bertha was
sallow, but had tine dark eves and
dazzling white teeth.
Sometimes Francia bestowed her
company and confidence on Gertrude;
at others she nssumcd haughty and CU
tant airs. She delighted iu ouue
toilets, wore the most wondtrful com
binations, glowed and glittered like
some rare tropical bird. So the months I
went on of that winter, and the wedding '
day orew near.
" How do I look?" ex claimed Francia
one night as she opened the schoolroom
door. "GoodP I hoped the imps were
in bed. Heavens and earth how I hate
cuildren! I pity you, Mis3 Winlhrop!
1 suppose you dream of an escape some
day I some fairy prince will open your
prison with a golden key!"
"No; I expect nothing," answered
Gertrude. "I am trying to cultivate
the spirit which Tennyson eulogizes ;
" 1 J'ot to desire or admire is better by lap
limn to walk all day like the sultans of old in
a garden of spice.'' '
"Go away, FYancia Dormer," cried
Rod, from tne next room. "You ke.p
me awake with your chatter, i'ou'ie
worse than a nightmare "
"Oh, you angel! are you awake?"
cried the girl. ."Then good-bye. Miss
Winthrop. Comfort 13 at an end. You'll
have the house to yourselves to-morrow ;
we're off on an excursion, all of us. The
mow ii juit right, so hard and white
bh ! what a poor Cre you have." And
she disappeared.
" She has everything,." thought Ger
trude, "beauty and fortune " (she had
heard fabulous accounts ol Fmncia's
estates in Cuba), "and she will win
Eric at last who can doubt it P"
Still Gertrude, remembering certain
words and looks, did doubt it iu her
heart. The next morning, when the
party whirled away and she saw Eric
tuck in the sables about Francia, and
heard the cheery sound of their voices,
the old schoolroom looked very co
aud bare; and she took up the dog
eared history very absently.
Enter Betsey with a note and a bouquet
cream white camelias, blue heliotrope
and crimson bouvardia.
"Sure they was both left thegitlier,
but they're not after belongin' thegither,
as the post by brought the lelther."
Gertrude dropped the history and
gloated over the flowers in delight. She
had never owned a bouquet of hot-house
flowers before, and then she knew
whose kind heart had remembered her
when all the others were absorbed in
their own peasuie. Ik seemed as if
they would make the whole day fra
grant. She had almost forgotten the
note.
There was only one person in the
world to write to her, so she opened
the note leisurely as those do who have
little to hope or fear. But as she read
she started anxiously. Betsey had not
left the room.
" Oh, I must go," she said, decidedly.
" I shall have to give the children a holi
day ; I shall have to leave them in your
care. My aunt is very sick ana alone.
I will return this evening if I can ar
range things. You will explain to Mrs.
Chumleigu if I am not here."
" Sure and I wull that, ' said the girl
good-naturedly, " and a holiday wil . do
the young wons good."
"Golly, a holiday!" cried Rod, in
great ecstasy. "Oh, I've got a famous
plan 1"
"No michief," said Geitrude, anx
iously; "IshaU think of you."
"Oh, we'll be quiet; you'll be so
plea led !" exclaimed the boy, with a do
cility that would have alarmed Gertrude
if she could have stopped to tuinliubout
it.
As it was. she hurried her prepara
tions only remembering to take the
flowers with her, as she thought they
might cheer the sick room, to say noth
ing of her own reluctance to lose sight
of them.
Her ride in the cars lasteu onlv half
an hour, and she found herself before the
little brown cottage which was the only
home sho remembered, as she bad hem
left an orphan to this aunt's care in hijr
earliest childhood. Poor and plain bs
everything appeared ii thrill fame over
her at sight of it, and she hurried with
real anxiety into the house, whose door
stood open.
Aunt Richel was in bed, and a neigh
bor's gin had come in to wait on her.
The old woman bad a sweet, patient
face, and her eyes lighted up as she saw
the young gin in whom all her love .tiid
earthly hopes weie centered,
"I feared I had done wrong to send
for ycu," she said, but there was a
little business to settle. Do you know,
mr iove, the age of miracles is not
overP"
Gertrude smiled and held her aunt's
wasted bind very fondly.
" I've toid you that the house all I
have mialit betaken awayfrom me any
time. What do you think of my having
a couple of thousand sent me yesterday
-enougu to pay on ice mortgage, ana
leave me live hundred doliarsP '
I should.say you dreamed it, auntie."
Look in the top bureau uiawer, and
you will see the check, I thins the sur
prise and joy of it has been too much
for me. To think Jamie has remembered
rrt no that his fortune is made in
India! My godson, you know."
Gertrude had the check in her hands,
end viewed it with delight.
" You see, my love, the action fo fore
close tiie mortgage iiasjur commenced,
and I could not rest n moment till this
business was arranged. You can do it
for me, and Bess beie will keep me com
pany. '
Gertrude was auite relieved to find
that it was anxiety more than illness
which had prostrated her aunt; and she
at once set about performing her task,
which she did by calling on an old
friend a lawyer to aid her. She had
the satisfaction of leaving the old lady
calm and comfortable in the evening.
Sho found it quite dark when she
reached the house, and felt a symptom
of relief that the family were not yet
returned. The children, toiler surprise,
verc in bed, a state of affairs which she
did not doubt had been accomplished
by bribery.
But the silence and rest were never
theless s-eet. and she sat down to the
hemming of pome interminable rutllts
with which Mrs. Chumleigh kindly
kept her employed. After a time shut
ting of doors, laughter nnd gleaming
lights woke up the quiet house, but no
on" disturbed her.
The next morning F'rancia swooped
in just as lessons began.
" wen, you iook Berene, sue said.
'Do you kiio there's an earthquake
downstairs P"
" Oh, what a fibber you are, Francia
Dormer !'" cried Rod, indignantly. " If
there was an earthquake it would hove
us all up ."
" Well, look out ! Bad boys get swal
lowed the first thing," said Francia.
"This, however, is a financial one.
Th?y've est ten thousand dollars in
coupons."
" F-ostP" questioned Gertrude.
"Ttsjjust fancy Bertha's dowry!
It's beiu stolen, and, what's worse, Vou
Arnheim won't be married without it.
He is desolated, but firm; it's the law
of Vaterland."
Francia was just as careless, as in
souciant and smiling, as she talked of
this loss, as if it iiad been a pleasant bit
of eossip.
Ger'rudc. with her ready sympathy,
was on the point of asking several ques
tion!', when she noticed the open-eyed
childten.
' Oh, I forgot. I was to ask you to
slop down into the library," exclaimed
Fiancia; and then, after popping a
sugar plum into the children's faces, she
danced away.
Gertrude went down with a feeling
that sho was to be called to account for
her absence the day before but quite
convinced that her reasons would sat
isfy any right minded person. So she
niei Mrs. Chumleigh with a lace so se
rene that the aforesaid lady was some
what staggered in the beiief to which
she had tapidly come wiihin the last
hOlK.
"I hear aud must sav I am exceed
ingly anvoyed to hear Miss Winthrop,"
the ldy began, with extreme acidity,
" that yon absented yourself the whole
of yesterday from your duties without
leavi'. Was this a premeditated thing?"
"Certainly not," Gertrude began,
impulsively; and then as rapidly as
possible explained the affair.
"Do you know what has happened
in re?" asked the lady.
" About the coupons P" asked Ger
tiude. " Yes; it's a robbery, you know."
"I scarcely understood. I am sorry
it is a great loss," said the gii 1.
" It was taken by some one in the
house," Mrs. Chumleigh went on, ex
citedly. " My desk was opened, the
coupons taken aud the desk relocked,
the key put iu the usual place." and she
fixed a penetrating glance ou Gertrude's
face as sho spoke, and adr.ed, after a
second's silence: "It was taken yester
day after we left the house.''
Even then Gertrude listened with a
polite sympathy, without feeling any
direct reference to herself in the case.
"My servants I know thoroughly,"
Mrs. Chumleigh went on. " Even Bet
sey , the last comer, has lived with me
before, aud I cannot suspect them, only
of course they must all be seaiched.
You must feel, Mrs. Winthrop, that cir
cumstances are somew hat against you
you leave the house in such an account
able manner"
Gertrude's face flushed.
"Shame on you, Mrs. Chumleigh.
You insult me because I am poor, be
cause I have no one "
Eric opened the door with a mad burst
at this moment, and caught the sound
of these last words.
' No one?" he cried. "You have
me! I have heard these insane suspi
cions. Mother, you are mad! I stake
my life upon this young lady's honor.
W hy do y ou not suspect me P "
Mrs. Chumleigh faltered and turned
pale.
" My son, what have you to do with
this young person''
"I have this to do with her," he
cried, impetuously. " I wish to make
her my wife, if she can care enough for
me."
"My God!" exclaimed Mrs. Chum
leigh, falling back in a half faint.
"Nice time for your declaration,"
cried Francia Dormer, who had heard
these words, and now hurried in with
restoratives, her own face ashen pale,
but still with a malicious gleam in the
eyes; " at ail events you won't oe able
to get a recommendation for your wife
from Ler last place! "
By this ti ;.e Von Arnheim Lad come
in, and Bertha. To Gertrude the room
seemed full of staring, talking people.
She stood among them like a queen,
tall, erect, with undaunted eye, but a
tierce pain at her heart
Mrs. Chumleigh opened her eyes to
say, tragically:
"S-'aroli her tliiufcs I" and then sank
away again.
Von Arnheim, with true politeness,
said :
" It vill not be veil to suspicioned
someone mit not no grounds to stand
on," which was very lucid, but not
niu h calculated to console Gertrude
on the whole. Bertha sat crying in one
corner husband and fortune and core
net a 1 to disappear liko the baseless
fabric of a vision. Oh, it was too
much !
Von Arnheim, who was really not
mercenary, strove to comfort her.
Go'rituiii) wa.ked up to the nursery
unchallenged, and sat down iu the
empty room. The children had been
spirited away somewhere the whole
house wasln lOoiiEOtion.
Eric's worts, so btrangely eweet,
seemed somehow to span this sudden
storm like a rainbow but never, never
would she listen to him while there was
a shadow on her good name.
It was not hard to search the meager
contents of Gertrude's trunk; but every
thing was tumbled out in a summary
way, pockets 'examined, even linings
ripped, and she heard some one say,
V1- ,!, .rt aliA Vflhf Alii flaln-.
u'.fco IMC u:-, nut .w.u uuu , ..on i
day," with a feeling of desperate ex
anerat.ion.
She laid back her clothes, all of them.
sadly, for there was nothing now to do
but to go. She strapped her trunk her
self, and did not wait for leave-taking
Only she had a kindly feeling for the
imps, after all, and looked about for
mem as sue went aownsiairs.
She left also a note for Mrs. Chum
leigh, merely giving her address. Then
with such a feeling of desolation as had
never yet wrung her young heart, she
startea out.
The childien were not about; but
when she reached the corner Rod darted
out at her. His face was smeared tnd
tear-stained.
"They say you're goin' away,'1 he
cried out, "nnd I wasn't, to see j ou again ;
but I've cheated 'em buhy. 1 want to
give you this valentine. To-dny's the
fourteenth, you see, and I like you bet
ter than any other girl I know. I fixed
it yesterday painted it all myself
there's two hearts on a meat skewer and
an altar and a bride - all right, you'll
see."
"Thank you, Rod," cried Gertrude,
with a sob in her throat as she stooped
to give the boy a kiss. " I do not ex
pect any other valentine."
And she smiled through the tears
that dimmed h r eyes as she looked at
the hug envelope with its official-looking
seals, to which Rod had confided bis
treasure.
A moment after a quick stencumc be
hind her. Then some one look the lit
tle traveling bag out of her hand, ani,
looking up. she saw a friene'lv hand
some face looking down at her reproach
fully "Going without one word for me?'
cried Eric .
And from that moment kt-'t her bur
den seemed lifted. She found herself
actually smiling as she reached her
aunt's door;
" What is that billet-doux vou are
carrying so carefully?" exclaimed Eric,
as he caught sight of the huge envelope .
" My valentine," answered Gertrude.
Then a moment alter she added : " Rod's
work ."
They stood in the little parlor, then.
by the window, as the young girl turned
over the epistle, and finally opened it
with a half-hysterical laugu . Such a
villainous-looking couple as Rod had
executed; but he had gilded a rirg on
the bride's finger which obliterated her
hand, and had al-o a cable of the same
burnished metal on her neck .
"By Jove! what's this?" exclaimed
Eric, seizing the paair; "do you sec
what the rascal has tiea ou with blue
ribbon for a fancy cover my mother's
coupons, by all that's jolly !"
lyertrude stared in speechless sur
prise.
The child had nicked a whole sheet
of coupons and used them us a cover for
his chef d'leuvre.
The neat little squares and numbers
had evidently taa.cn his fancy. The e
were only a part, to be sure, but he
could probably give an account of the
rest. Of course he had no idea that the
beautiful paper lie had found in his
mother's desk was so valuable.
Gertrude gazed at it a moment, and
then joined in the laugh.
Sue looked up to see Aunt Rachel in
the doorway regarding them with mild
wonder.
. "My first valentine!'' she exclaimed,
in some embarrassment.
But Eric told the story for her, and
added his own conclusion. He was his
own master, free to choosa where lie
would; acd iu the happiness that fol
lowed Gertrude forgot the misery of the
day when she had received her queer
valentine.
One Hundred Tears Ago.
The Paris Figaro recently issued a
paper" hich contained Clippings from
the newspapers of 100 years ago. It
was h retrospective glance at 1780.
Prominent among the news details we
have several columns devoted to the
" War in America." We read that on
February 28, after taking leave
of the king and the royal family, the
Marquis de Lafayette left on his second
voyage to America not as a fugitive
this time, but as a duly commissioned
major-general of the American army,
and so recognized by his king. The
Count of Rochambcr.u took leave of the
king on March 18, preparatory to
setting sail for America. So great
was the desire of the troops to partici
pate in this expedition that private sol
diers who had been granted leave of
absence went at their own expense to
Brest in order to embark with their
comrades. The news from America
gives a rep art of an interview on the
twentieth of September between Wash
ington and Rochambeau at Hartford.
Rohambeau wrote to France as follows :
" While going to this conference in
company with Admiral Tcrnay, who
was infirm, the vehicle broke down. I
sent Fersoa, my first aide-de-camp, to
find a blacksmith, who lived a mile
from where we were. He returned and
informed me that he found the man sick
with ieyer, and he assured my aiCo de
cam p that a hatful of guineas would not
induce hiui to work at night. I ordereo
the admiral to accompany me, and told
the blacksmith that General Washington
would arrive at Hartfo-d that night to
confer with us tho day following, and
that the conference would not take p Ince
unless he repaiied our vehicle. ' You
are not liars,' he said, ' lor I read in the
Connecticut papes that Washington
was to hold this conference; it is tie
publio serviie in which you are engag
ed you shad have your vehicle mend
ed at the hour iimued.' "
His Uaol Points.
A young man who 1b n it very bright,
but likes to affect the sporting charao
ter, recently bought a horse, and te
thinks he is the handsomest bone in the
United States. The ycuni man was
showing tbi animal to a man who rea'ly
knows 8ome;bingabout hor.-es, pointing
out all the animal's good points. When
he got through prtising the beast, the
other spoke up and said:." All you say
about the animal is to, but you have
omitted two of his very best points."
" What are they F" "Well, in the first
place, nobody is ever going to steal the
animal from you. and, secondly, it uny
body should steal him, you would have
no trouble in overtaking him on foot."
The swaying to end fro of a chandr
lier in a cathedral suggested to Galileo
the .plication of the pendulum.
The Manufacture of Soap.
Fancy soaps, which pre made in great
variety lor tne toilet, nre usu.tlly
scented with some aromatic oil. For
this branch ol the trade the ordinary
commercial soaps nre used after under
going a process of refinement, or a soap
is specially made for thj purpose, from
almond oil, or the like. Much taste is
shown by the best American manufac
turers in the selection and combination
of tho perfumes which, along with the
coloring matters, such ns vermilion,
yellow ochre, aniline, etc., are usually
boiled up with the soap. To facilitate
the operation, as a well-dried soap does
not readily melt, it Is usually cut up in
fine shavings, and after boiling is well
worked under rollers until it presents a
uniform appearance. If the soap is in
tended to be highly-scented, or very
expensive perfumes are to be employed,
the cold process is adopted, as much
of the strength of the scent is lost by
boiling.
Iu this case the snap is shredded as
beforr, and the perfume and coloring
matter well amalgamated with it by
being worked in a mortar with a pestle.
It is then divided into lumps, and
roughly molded with the hand into
something near to the shape it is finally
to assume. After being left on the rack
tc dry for about a week, it is pressed
into a mold, which imparts to the enke
the form and device which may be re
quired, and when taken out the edges
are trimmed and the surface polished
with the hand. Transparent soaps are
prepared bv taking an ordinary hard
soap and dissolving it in hot alcohol,
after having stored it for the purpose
of driving eff all the water. Soap being
completely soluble in this medium, any
extraneous matters which it may con
tain can be readily separated by filtra
tion, care being taken to keep the solu
tion hot during the process. The alco
hol is then evaporated outof the filtrate,
and on cooling it hardens into a trans
parent soap. Theso soaps are colored,
according to fancy, with vegetable
colors dissolved in alcohol. Soft soaps
are made with either potash or soda
and the drying oils, the most familiar of
which are those extracted from hemo-
teed, and sometimes cotton seed. These
oils are deficient in stearine, and on that
account ave not available for hard
boaps. In Europe potash is much more
frequ' utly employed as the alkali in-
sleiid cf soda, potash being compar
atively cheap in those countries whore
wood abounds; but it has such an
afiiiiity for waiei that even wheu com
bined tallow or the non-drying oils, it
will not make a nrm soap such as will
retain its character in a moist atmos
phere. A Hindoo Festival.
A San Francisco Chronicle correspond
ent at Calcutta says : The annual fes
tival of Sal Deue, " Ued Diy, is con
temporaneous in principle, if not in age,
witu our custom ot snow-bailing, ex
cepting the fact that it is symbolical of
a religiovs rite. If anger is displayed
by those who stand in the locality where
the water falls, it is a certain augury
of apostacy, and clearly evidences the
fact that these demurrers do not sub
scribe to the doctrine of Sal Deue. This
is certain to bring forth from the en
foldments of the Hindoos a fresh sup
ply of red powder, on which lie
drives more water from out of a
little brass pot, and if the victim
is out of range he fires it on to the next
comer perhaps in the interim having
b.'eu the recipient himself ot the con
tents of a half-dozen other active squirts
Tiiis is continued for three or four days,
and at the expiration of that time every
naiive in town has his clothes bedrag
gled with red water. Until the British
authorities interfered, the Europeans
were not exempt from this practice, and
in consequ?nce collisions aud probable
loss of life ou both sides during these
festivals were inevitable. We saw,
leaning aimlessly against the cor
ner of a oalauquin, one of those
curse-ridden wretches afflicted with
elephantiasis. Suffering was writ
ten deeply in every lineament of
his unnaturally full features, and his
voice was full of woe as he with
painful effort extended his hands to us
and bogged for money. There is no
cure for this curse of India nothing to
hope for but death. This scourgo of
the Hindoos is attributed bv physicians
to the pernicious water and excess of
fruit. Here also were bullock carts,
palkees, gharry s, trucks, shouting cool
ies, barking dogs. Screaming kites
above and shrieKing steam whistles be
low, beggars for backsheesh, the ayah,
the lordly rajan, the ever-important
chuprassie and the ubiquitous bheasti
wallah (or water-carrier). This excess
of black skins would grow monotonous
were they not inter uingled with Eu
ropean faces, which we meet with
pleaiing freauencv. and vou mav hear
on Hoogly bridge from the lips of some
Eurooean tourist: "This is awful
jo ly."
Sardines,
These little funny creatures are caught
in nets, and after beiug well washed,
the heads are cut off and the fish are
sprinkled lightly with salt. After lying
for a few hours they were placed on
girds, in rows almost perpendicular.
The n ames are then placed in pans con
taining burning olive cil. The oil is
changed as soon as it becomes too black
and dirty for continuing the cooking
process. As soon as the fish are con
sidered sufficiently cooked they are with
drawn rom the pans of oil, and girds
are placed on the tables covered with
zinc, the surface of the tables inclining
toward a groove in the center. The oil
is thus carried to a vessel prepared to
receive it . Around the tables stand the
women whoso business it is to pack the
fish closely and uniformly in boxes.
The boxes being full, the fish are cov
ered with fresh oil, and the lids are
then soldered down. Thus hermetically
sealed, they are placed In iron baskets
and immersed in boiling water. The
smaller boxes are thus boiled for half
an hour and the larger ones somewhat
longer, in proportion to size of box.
The tisli are then ready for tin market,
and being packed in cases, are sent to the
ends of the eaith.
It is stated that in consequence of the
great success of the Belgian national
extiibition, two projects are now under
discussion one for holding at Brussels
in 1B83 or 1881 a universal international
exhibition, and the Universal Educa
tional exhibition.
A vicious Indiana boy met a little
seven-year-old schoolgirl, and as he
h.;i a dead bltjcksuake he ruthlessly
wrapped it about her neck. The physi
cians report trial sue ii incurably in
sane.
Life In Tangiers.
The first appearance of Tangiers is
certainly not a cheerful one to the late
sciourner at Gibraltar. The visitor
cannot amuse himself, or rather her
self, by gazing at windows nnd ap
praising ware. The shops are mean
to a degree. Those in the only square,
around which are the various legations.
are wretched. Here is the well-defined
short upon which the sea of barbarism
breaks a line of civilization merely
The rest is all barbaric a dead sea of
unknown extent.
But if the asccct of the citv be dull
during the day, what shall we say of it
atnigbtr uny illuminated by a re
fulgent moon, which lights up the
white wnlls with almost dazzling
splendor. Tangiers is a city of the dead.
The cloaked specters have disappeared
into the whited sepulchres the house?.
A bundle of rags will stir at your feet;
it i an Arab. You trt3id upon the
skeleton of a cat. a d recoil. Your foot
steps echo in the deserted lanes, and
probaoly the beatirgof your own heart
will be all the sound you will hear. All
is mute and lifeless around you.
Apropos of the " bundle of rag."
nothi-g will surprise tho visitor to
Morocco mora than the extraordinary
manrer in which the native will curl
himself up in a corner, or lie down
against a wall. In a spot where we
should laney a boy or n bundle would
una lnsuflicient nnd unccmtortabie
space, an Arab will sit or crouch in
perfect happiness. " He spreads him
self on a wall like a bass-relief, and
flattens himself upon the ground like a
sheet spread out to cry.'1 And in all
these attitudes he appears alternately
headless, legless, or trunkless, a ball, a
cube, or a nondescript. His adapta
bility is wonderful
Ihe dress of the people is very pic
turesque. That, of t he men is ordinarily
a white mantle, but on gala days is
more elaborate. The women cover
their faces with the end of their long
mantles, under wnicu tuey wear a
wide-sleeved garment bound round the
waist with a cord. Nothing but the
eyer, fingers, nnd bare feet thrust into
slippers is visible. They are a sad,
weary race, prized till twenty, then
they get old ind withered, and are
treated like beasts of burden till they
die.
Iu the who'e town there is not a cart
nor a cairiage. No itinerants go round
wv li wares, no street occupation absorbs
pfii's' riatis, no movement to speak ot,
no bells, no cries, no invitations to nur
chnse. Repose ha? settled upon all;
even the active-minded visitor will suc
cumb at laht, and sit for hours doing
nothing, not kuowiug what to do. And
in this somnolent city you can wander
about at will, nnd will lose yourselt.no
doubt, in the hopeless maze of little
houses and lanes and alleys. Every
lane is like every other lane, all the al
leys and tiny square are fac-similes of
other ailess and squares, and one might
very easily disappear never to return.
In this labyrinth you may, as a Chris
tian, watder unharmed and almost un
noticed. No pickpocket of civilization
will molest you, and foreign ladies
carry their purses in their outside
pockets witliout fear of low.
Outside the town one may find many
curious features. For instance, all
around the city walls is a "girdle of
gardens," rich in a sort of vegetation,
but too neglected. Aloes, Indian tigs,
oaks, oleanders and numerous shrubs
grow thickly, and intertwine their
brandies with the ivy, vine and cane.
.'Clink and luxuriant grass, quantities of
flowers, in places growing two fect
high, a small white house, a wheel, a
well by means ot which irrigation is
carried on at times through trenches,
but not a living being is to be seen All
is rank nnd luxuriaut in vegetation,
but ail is dead and lonely fo lar as
the people uro concerned. Heie the
cultivation ends. Bojond tills zone
of verdure there are r.o trets,
nor hedges, nor boundaries to be
seen. Ilollin j hills, undulating plains.
and verdant valleys stretch away, but
scarce any tilling of the ground is at
tempted. Plowing is carried on in the
most primitive manuer; a small so
called plow guided bvone hand, while
the other wields the whip, carries us at
once back hundreds of years, when our
Lord's rebuke "No man having put
his hand to the plow, and looking back,
is fit lor the Kingdom of God " must
have been literally applicable to the lm
plement mentioned. The mode of using
this plow is curious. Any animal is
pressed into tue service; a goat, or a
mule, or both together: even a donkev
and a woman arc sometimes yokrd, and
puu togeiner very wen in Morocco,
Agriculture is of an extremely primitive
older, for were the laud in any degree
cultivated as we understand the pro
cess tue grounc would vieid a hundred
iota increase to tne possessor. -Harper s
weekly.
TOO fold Tor the Fish.
A remarkable circumstance in con.
ncction with the recent cold snap was
tueeuecc on tue nsii aiong tue coast,
large schools being driven in shore and
in shallow water. Strange as it may
seem, it Is asserted that the fish, uar-
ticularly baas and tro.it, were observed
to tlirow themseivos bodiiy out of the
water on land. Au old negro caught
thirty-one very fine large bass ia this
way at Kaccoou Kev. near Warsaw. On
Saint Catherine s a net thrown in the
water was almost instantly filled by tine
large fish, and fishermen found some
difficulty in hauling the nets in. Others
were observed to kill them in the water
with oars. This novel occurrence was
witnessed generally ailalong the ulanis
to the southward aud in the rivers near
the coast. &u mnah (67 ) New.
Progress in Language.
The progress of languages spoken by
aiujrent pecpie is saiu to oe as loiiows
English, w luoii at the commencement
of the century was only spoken bv 22
000,0(10, is now spoken by 0 000,000
RusMan by 63,000 000, instead of 30,
000 000; German by 66 000,000. instead
of 38.000,000; Spanish by 44,IP0.000 in
stead ol 33,000 OdO; Italian by 30,000 000
instead ot lU.ROO.oni); foitugueseby 13
ooo oiio, instead ot b,uto,ooo. This is
for England an increase of 310 per
cent. : for Germany, seventy per cent ;
for Spain thirty-six per cent., etc. In
the case of Franco the increase has been
from 34,000,0011 to 40,000,000, or thirty
six per cen
Elisha Gray, the inventor of the tele
phone, is said to be receiving an
"enormous revenue" from his inven
tion. As be is a remark My generous
man, no nnda no difficulty in getting rid
oi a gooa aeai oi it.
End or the Conrtsnpt.
Though Harry know! the time f lute,
And dre ids her an;ero1 ire.
He hates to leiva his charming late,
Or rather leave Ihe fire.
"What "happy, soet, I spend,"
He 8ighn, "nlono with tre9."
' It's all," she a j s, ' ycu ever pend
" Good evening!" shvs he.
H. C. Dodg.
HUMOROUS.
"Thel ap of luxury" is when the cat
gets at the crjam.
Goes anainst the grain The reaping
machine.- Yau cob S:raus.
Ont of everv 109 inhabitants in the
United States, sixteen live In cities.
The man who has ea'Jiercd a big ice
crop wants to keep it Bhady. -Ficayune.
He sighed for the wings of a dove,
but had no idea that the legs were much
better eating.
Wn wnnld rather hire a mule thsn
own one, on the principle, "Of two evils
choose the leased." Boston To..
"When I die," said a married man,
I want to go where tiiero is no snow
to shovel." His wife Eaid that she pre
sumed he would.
Ohio papers are discussing why quail
freeze to death. It is simply bet aise
tbev can't afford to pay 87 a ton for
coal. Philadelphia Chronicle.
Those who believe that the world
owes them a living don t stop to con
sider how many bad debts the old globe
has to shoulder. tsaturaay juiym.
A middle-sized bov. writing a com
position on "Extremes," remarked that
"wo alinu Id endpavor to avoid extremes,
especially those of wasps and bees."
An Eastern scientific journal has an
article on "Heating by l notion." If
memory serves us correctly, our mother
n-n-i to warm us up that way. j1c-
Givycr Netvs.
Advertising ii a good deil like fishing
the more lines you tlirov out the more
you are apt to catcu. wut dc juoicious;
do not throw out bait that cannot be
swallowed. Stateunan.
' What hnp,y hours, sweet, I spend,"
He sighs, "nlone with thee."
" It all, ' she eava. "yon ever speii I"
"Good evening!" says he.
Uciroit tree PrttH
A naitv of 150 Chicago lawyers, gam
blers, board of Hade men ar.d shoulder
hitters, went out to Crystal Li'ie to wit
ness a fight between acoupleof roosters.
Nodisarace. however, is attaciiua.io tue
roosters. Milwaukee bun.
A mipstion of idetiti'.v: "Did the
prisoner at the bar sinke your" " Eye
ihink so." replied ihe mm with the
decorated optic "Eye tee," smiled
the justice; " eye-dent il.y established;
three dollars an J trimminfcs." Kcckuk.
Ujf, CHy.
A youngster, while warming his
hands at tue tne, was remonstrated
with by lr.s fuller, who said: "Go
away from the tire the weather is not
cold.' "1 am c neaiing iue weauiur.
I'm w.trming inv h ads," the lit' io fel
low demurely replied.
In the houooi onuer woman thinks
least ot herself," s-iid Madame tv.ael.
Triu ! Wheu tho thunder roars and the
vivid lightning flashes, nnd the big
rops come down, the woman wno is
nnrht. rjiit ill ihe btoim devotes her
agony to the thought that her hat and
die s will bi ruiaod.
An editor may write himself "we" in
his editorial:'., and fiel therefore doubly
Piou ! and doubly strong; but wiien he
gets home to dinner an nour or so late,
and forgets to hrin.i something home to
lai ii r than oue louuli of one person.
Keultu ky ti'att Journal.
A tru eit aud lar-seeing mother
innrrL'ii tier t wo daughters some years
ago to a plumber and an iceman, and
now, no matter wuesucr more is a aiuu
winter or a severe one, sue nas a dox at
tho charity ball, and spends the next
suuiu-e: at JNc.vport or goes 10 Europe,
with some o;.o or the other ot tiersons-
la-x.Nc-o York Chic.
"George Peabody," says a New York
paper, "was never marriua, nna lor a
singular reasou." Then n goes on at
some length to eive tne reason, because
the girl married another man. And we
have read that article a dozen times and
have pondered over it deeply, and
handed if wa can see yet why that
hr.uid be called "a tiBgular reason."
Wc think it was a very beu-.ibie, matter
of fact reason. Durdtue.
A tramp was being escorted down
Gilve ton avenue by one ot tne most
stylish policemm on the force. "I bate
to walk along arm-in-arm wnn n
i(-iiiinnin'' said the tramp. "You
ought to be used to it by this time," re
plied the policeman. "I can't get used
to bearing people on tue ireei dhj.
'Just look at that vagabond!' wiien i
know they must mean one ot us.
Galveston News.
1'hey both went sailing down the walk,
ArrayoJ in taultlesa Keating,
lioth engaged in pleas mt talk,
Each smiled on eaeti unaeurmg.
fie said: " My love, thU bhtbeaome day,
Ttiia bracing, glorious weatlier,
fhie oliiirmiug wulk Whoop! slop 'er say "
lny botli wont down umetner.
Tuey picked them up, snail boys ki-yi-ed,
When sue resumed with uippery:
" Dear G .-oi-ge, I think it is not douied,
the se oharinm j walks are slippery."
A curious dispatch annouuees tho
marriage ot the Crown Prince Rudolf,
ot Austria, aud the Princess Stephanie,
" has beeu further postponed, owing to
the inclemency of tho weather." We
suspect it wa? deterred at the instance
of the princess. With snow two feet
deep, and the thermometer below zero,
it is pretty tougn on a woman, wno nas
had no previous experieace, to oe
obliged to get up first in the morning
and make the fires, sieve coal ashes, and
perhaps wade through the snow In the
back vard to get an armful of kindlings.
Miss S tephanie does well to wait until
tho weather moderates. Norrutoum
Utrald.
The Ten Biggest Cities,
Following are the ten largest cities In
the United States, under the new cen
sus:
Rank,
t irat . . .
Second..
Third...
CMa. PopviaUo.
New York 1,206,690
, Philadelphia 846,084
Brooklyn 666, 6b9
, Chicago 603,304
Fourth.
Filth Boston 362,636
Bixth St. Louis. 860,521
Seventh Baltimore 332 190
Eighth CinoinDali.... 265,708
Math San ITranotsoo. . . 233,959
Tenth New Orleans ... . 316,140
V.
-A