05 ' i HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Editor and Publisher NIL DESPEli ANDtJM. Two Dollars par Annum. VOL. X. 11IDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA,, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1880. NO 42. THE IRESIDExT'S MESSAGE. FrXT.OW-ClTTZFNg OF THE Sf.SATE AND House or IIepuesentatives: I congratulate you on tl:e continued end inrreivung prosjierity of our coun try. I?y the favor of Divine Providenco we have been hle.-sed, during tho past year, with wealth, wkh abundant har vests, with pn fi able employment tor all our prople, and with contentment at hotufl, nnd with peace and friendship with olhrr nations. The oceurnnee of the twenty-fourth election of chief nin.rsisirn'e has afl'-inU'd another opportunity to the people of the United States to exhibit to the world a significant exi.mple of the peneetnl nnd Bate transmission of the power and au thority ol Roverrm.'Dt from the public servants whose terms of nflico are about to expire, to their newly chosen sue. cessors. Th'S example cannot fail to impress profoundly thoughtful people ol other countries with the advantages which reiubliean institutions nffml. Tho imnndiat", eeneral and cheerful acquiescence ot all pood citizens In the result of the election, trives gratifying assurance to our country, nnd to its friends throughout the world, thai a government b:tstd on the free consent of an intetliirent nnd patriot" people"oop sesais citnitnts ot strenitti), stability end permanenry r.rit kuad iu any other form of government. Continued oi vosition to the full and free n jovnu'iit of tho righ's of cit.zen ehip, e.m'err. d upon the colored people bv the recent amendments to the Con s'.itutt' n, still prevails in several of iho late Bi.-ivehuld inn States. Ith:i3, perhaps, not been m iuliestej in tue recent elec tion to any kmc extent in acts of vio lence or i;:timidi:liii. It h is, however, by i"r:ni'ii;it nt praelieca in connection with tho biillots, wiiii the regulations as to the places nnd manner of voting, and with counting, returning and can vassing the votes cast, been successful in deiealing ihe cs"rir-e of the right preservative of all riahts, the right of suffrage, which the Constitution ex pressly confers upon our enfranchised citizens. It is tin desire of the good people of the who'c country th'it sectionalism as a factor in our politics should disnppear. They p-ofer that no section of t lie coun try should ba united in solid opposition to any other section Ti e iiirosit, on to refuse a promt t and lnr.riy obedience to the equal rights iinieiid.i.ent.i to the Constitution, is nil til it now st tnds in the way of a complete ohii. (ration of sectional linrs in our political contests. As long as ri J;er of these amendments 13 lligruntly viol .ted or disreerriid, it is safe to assume that the people who imced tin iu ui tin' U i stiliition, as CM lodvinir th" Witiuuile resuiis of tne war for tl.cUnio'i.and who huiievethem to be wise n-. ces-nry will co itinue to act toteUier nnd to insist thai they shall be obeyed. The paramount ques tion still i-t, as to the enjoyment oi the right by every American citizen win has tho requisite qualifications to freely cast his voteaud to have it honestly counted. With this question rightly settlid the country will be relieved of the conten tions ot the pad; bygones will indeed bo bygones; and political and party is sues with respect to economy and i fli ciency of admiiiittration, internal iru provemcnts. the ta ill' domestic taxation, education, fiua cc and other important subjects wid then reeeivetluir Arlslmrp of attention ; but i sistance to nnd nulli. fieation of the re.-nits of the war, will ui.itetoec' 1 orinmo'ut'U po-efi r their Buppoitnll v, hoiiiaiiit ain i n auihovity of thegoveruuieiitund uie iierpeiuity of the Union, and who adequately appiciate the value of the victory achieved. This determination proceeds irom no hostile Ecntitnent or feelina to ary part of the people of our country, or to any of their interests. The in rio. ability of the I'.rucndments rests uwn the fundamental principle of our government. They are tho solemn expression ot the will of the oeoplo of the Uiiited Saves. The sentiment that the constitutional rights ot all our citiz 'lis must be main tained, does not grow weaker. It will continue. 1.0 control tho govtrnment of the country. Happily, the history of the lato election shows that in many parts of the country where opposition to the lilieenih nru' iidmeiit has hentofore prevailed, it is diminishing, and is likely to cease altogether, it firm and we;i. con sidered action is t:ik -n by Convivss. 1 trust the House of K -preservatives and the Senate, which have the riht to judge of tho elections, returns, and qualifications of their own members, will Bee to it that e.cry case of vio lation of the letter or spirit of the fif teenth uuier.u mrnt is Uiorouhl in vestigated, and that no benefit from sucu violaii in sh-il: acruo to any person or pany. I; wili on the duty of the Et cutive, wiiii s.ffluent appropria tions tor tho purpo.-e, to prosecute un sparingly all v." no have been engaged in depriving citizens ot the rights guaran teed to them by tin. Constitution. Ic is not, however, to be forgotten that the best and surest giif-nutee of the primary rights of citizenship is to be found in th it capacity for seif-pro-tection which can b slong only to a peo-' pie whose right to universal suffrage is supported by universal educatioa. The means at the command of the local and Stale authorities nr..', in many cases, wholly inadequate t lurnish freo in struction to ail whii need it. This is especially true where, before emancipa tion, the education ot the people was neglected or prevented, in the interest of slavery. Firmly convinced that tue subject of popular education deserves the earnest attention of the people of the whole country, with a view to wise and comprehensive action by the gov ernment of the United Stales, I respect fully recommend that Cjsgress, by suitable legislation and with proper safeguards, supplement the local educa tional lunds in the several States where the grave duties and responsibilities of citizenship have been devolved on un educated people, by devoting to the pur pose grants of the public lands, and, if necessary, by appropriations from the treasury of the United Slates. 'Whatever government can tuirly cto to promote free popular education ought to be done. Where vi r general education is found, peace, virtue, and social order prevail, and civil nnd religious liberty are se cure. In my former annual messages, I have asked the attention of Congress to the urgent necessity of a reformation of the eivil system of the governme.it. My views concerning the dangers of patron age, or appointments lor pprsonal or partisan considerations, Lave been strengthened by my observation and experience in the Executive office, and I believe these dangers threaten the sta bility of the government. Abuses so serious in their nature cannot be perma-' qenlly tolerated. They tend to become more alarming with the enlargement of administrative service, as the growth of the country in population increases the number of officers and placemen em ployed. The reasons nre imperative for the adoption of tixed rules for the regulation of appointments, promotions and re movals, establishing a uniform method Laving x -lasively in view, in every in stance, the attainment of the best quali fications for the position in question. Such a method alone is consistent with the equal rights of all citizens, and the most economical and eflicient adminis tration oi the publi i business. Competitive examinations in aid of impartial appointments and promotions have been conducted for some years past in several ot the executive depart ments, and by my direction this system hna been adopted in the custom houses nnd postoflices of the larger cities of the country. In the city of New York over two thousand Dositions in the civil ser vice have been subject, in theirappoint ments and tenure of placo, to the opera tions of published rules for this purpose during the past two years. The results of these practical trials Lave been very satisfactory, and have confirmed my opinion in favor of this system of selection. All arc subjected to the same tests, and the result is free from prejudice by personal favor or partisan influence. It secures for the position applied for the best qualifi cations attainable among thcconipeting applicants. It is an effectual protection from the pressure of importunity which, uuder any other course pursued, largely exacts the time and attention of ap pointing c.fiicers, to thiir groat detri ment in the discharge of oilier official duties, preventing the abuse of the service tor the mere furtherance of pri vate or party purposes, and leaving the employee of the government, freed from the obligations imposed by patronage, to depend solely upon merit for retention and advancement, and with this con stant iucentive to exertion and im provement. These invaluable results li?.ve been attained in a high degree iu the offices wheie tho rules for appointment by competitive examination have been ap plied. A method which has so appioved it Eell by experimental tests at points where such tests may be fairly con sidered conclusive, should be extended to all subordinate positions under the government. I believe that a strong and growing public sentiment demands immediate measures for se:uting and enforcing the highest possible efficiency in the civil serv e", nnd its protection from recognized abuses, nni that the experience relerred to has demonstrated th feasibility of such measures. The ex ruinations in the custom Iiourcs nnd postoflices bave been held under many embarrassments and with out provision for compensation for the extra labor performed by tlie officers who have conducted them, and whose commendable interest in tho improve ment of the public service has induced tiiis devotisn of tiino and labor without pecuniary reward. A continuance ot these labors gratuitously ought not to bo expected, and without an appropriation by Congress for com pensation, it is not practicable to ex tend the systems of examinations gener ally throughout the civil service. It is also hii'hly important that all such ex aminations should be conducted upon a uniform srstem and under uenr-r.U tuper vision. S ction 1.753 of the revised statutes authorizes the President to pre scribe the regulations tor admission to the civil service of the United States, and for this purpose to employ suitable persona to conduct the requisite in quiries with reference to "the funess of each candidate, in respect to age, health, character, knowlednc and ability for the branch of service into which he se -ks to enter;" but the law is practically in operative tor want of the requisite ap propriation. I therfore recommend an appropria tion of S25.O00 per annum to meet; the expenses or' a commission, to be ap pointed by the President in accordance with the terms of this section, whose duty it shall be to devise a just, unilorm, and efficient system of competitive ex aminations, and to superviso the appli cation of the same throughout tho en tire civil service of the government. I am persuaded that the facilities which such a commission will afford for test ing tho fitness of those who apply for omVe will not only be as welcome a re:ief to members of Congress as it wili be to the President and heads of depart ments, but that it will also greatly tend to remove the causes of embarrarsment which now inevitably and constantly attend the conflicting claims ot patron age between the legislative and execu tive departments. The most effectual check upon the pernicious competition of influence and rfflcial favoritism, in the bestowal of office, wi 1 be the sub stitution of an open competition of merit between the applicants, in which every one can make his own record with the assurance that his success will depend upon this alone. I also recummend such legislation as, while leaving every officer as free as any oth-r citizen to express his political opinions and to use his means tor their advancement, shall also enable him to feel as sale as any private citizen in re fusing all demands upon nts salary lor political purposes. A law which should thus guarantee true liberty and justice to all who are engaged in the publio service, and likewise contain contingent provisions against the use of ofli ial au thority to coerce the political action of private cit z-us or of official subordi nates, is greaily to be desired. The most serious obstacle, however, to an improvement ot the civil service, and especially to a reform in the method ot appointment and removal, has been found to be the practice under what is known as the spoils system, by which tue appointing power has been so largely encroached upon by members of Con gress. The first step in tho reform of the crrril service must be a complete di vorce between Congress and the Execu tive in the matter of appointments. The corrupting doctrine that "to the viotors belong the spoils," is insepar able from Congressional patronage as the established rule and practice of parties in power. It comes to be underst ood by applicants for ffi 'e, nnd by the people geugraliy, that It 'preventatives and Sena' tors are entitled to disburse tho patron age of their respective districts and Sta es. It is not necessary to recite at length the evils resulting from this invasion of the Executive functions. The true principles of government on the subject of appointments tocfll;e, ai stated in the national conventions of the leading parties ot the country, have again and again been approved by the American people, and have not been cuHod in question in any quarter. These ithentio expressions ol publio opinion upon this all-important subject, are tne statement of principles that belong to the constitutional strueture of the gov ernment. ' Uuuer the Constitution the Presi dent and heads of ciepHrtmen's are to make nominations for oiuoe. lue sen ate is to adviso and consent to appoint ments, and the lljue ot Rjpresentatives is to accuse and prosecute faithless offi cers. The best interest of the public service demands that these distinctions be respected ; that Senators and Repre sentatives, who may bo j iriges and ac cusers, should not diclato appointments to office." To this enJ the co-operation of the legislative department of the gov ernment is r quired alike by the necessi ties of the case and by pub is opinion. Members ot Congress will not be relieved from the demands nmdaupon them with reference to nppoin ments to office until, by legislative enactment, the pernicious practice is condemned and forbidden. It is therefore recommended that an net be passed defining the relations ot members of Coneress with respect to appointment to office by the President, and I also recommend that the pro visions of section 1.7C7. nnd of the sec tions following, of the revised statutes, coniprisins the tenure-of-oflice act, of March 2, 1867, be repealed. Believing that to reform the system and methods of the civil service in our country is one of the highest and most imrerative duties of statesmanship, and that it can be permanently done only by the co-operation of tho legislative and execu ive departments of the govern ment, I asrfiin cemmend the whole sub ject, to your considerate attention. It is the recognizsd duty and purpose of the people of the United Slates to sup press polygamy where it now exists In our Territories, and to prevent its ex tension. Faithful and jseilous efforts have been made by the United S.ates authorities in Utah to eufoice tho laws against it. Experience has shown that tlie legislation upon this subj.-ct, to be effective, requires exfr' nsive modification and amendment. The longer action is delayed, the more difficult it will bo to a omplish what is do sired. Prompt and decided meas ures are necessary. The Mormon sectarian organization which upholds polygamy has the whole power of mak ing and executing the local legislation ot the Territory. Bv its control of the grand and petit juries it possesses largo intluence over the administration of jus tice. Exercising, as ttie heads of this sect do, the locai political power of the Territory, they are able to m ke effect ive their ho3'.ility to the law of Congress on the subject of polygamy, and, in fact, do prevent its enforcement. Polygamy will not be abolished it the enforcement of the law depends on those who prac tice and uphold the crime. It can only oe suppressed by taking away the po litical power of tho sect which encour aces aud sustains it. The power of Congress to enuct suitable laws to protect tho Territories is ample. It is not a caso for hallway measures. The political power of the Mormon sect is inorensing; it con trols one of our wealthiest and most populous Territories. It is extend ing steadily into other Territories. Wherever it goes it establishes polygamy and sectarian political power. The sanclty of marriage and the family relation are the coiT.cr stone of our American socie'.y and civilization. KeSigious liberty aad tho separation of church and State nre among the elementary ideas of free in stitutions. To re-establish the interests and principles which polygamy and Mormonism have imperiled, and to luily reopen to intelligent and virtuous emigrants of all creeds that part ot our domain which has been, in a great do giee, closed to general emigration by i l tolerant and immoral institutions, it is re?ommendnd that the go verntnent)of the Territory of Utah be reorganiz d. ' I recommend that Cimgress provide for the government ot Utah by a gov ernor and judges, or commissioners, ap pointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate a government analogous to the provisional government estab lished for the Territory northwest, ot the Ohio, by the otdina"co of 1787. If, ho -ever, it is deemed best to continue the existing form of local government, 1 reo mmend thnt the rivbt to vote, hold olli 'e and sit on juries in the Territory of Utah, be confined to those who neither practice nor uphold polygamy. If thorough measures are adopted, it is believed that within a few years the evilt which now afflict Utah will be eradicated, and that this Territory will in good time become one of the most prosperous and attractive of the ne States of the Union. Our relations with all foreign coun tries have been those of undisturbed peace, and have presented no occasion for cone rn as to their continued main tenance. Mv anticipation of an early reply from the British government to the demand ofinaenity to our fishermen for the injuries suffered by that industry at Fortune bay, in January, 1&78, which I expressed in my last annual message, was disappointed. This answer was received only in the latter part of April in tho present year, and, when received, exhibited a failure of accord between the two governments, as to the measure of the inshore fishine privilege secured to our fishermen by the treaty of Washington, of so serious a character that I made it the subject of a communi cation to Congress, in which I recom mended the adopt on of the measures which seemed to me proper to be taken by this government in maintenance of the rights accorded to our fishermen un der the treaty, and toward securing an indemnity for the injury these interests had suffered. A bill to carry out these recommendations was under consider ation by the ifouse of Representatives ?.t the time of the adjournment of Con gress in June last. Within a few weeks I have received a communication from her majesty's government, renewing the consideration of the subject, both of the indeoiity of the injuries at Fortune bay, and of the interpretation of the treaty in which the previous correspondence had shown the two governments to be at vai iance. Upon both these topics the disposition toward a friendly agreement is mani fested by a recognition of our right to an indemnity for the transaction at For tuuo bay, leaving the measure ot such indemnity to further conference, and by an assent to the view of this govern ment, presented in the previous corre spondence, that the regulation of con flicting in'ereits of the shore-fishery of tue provincial sea coas'S, ana tne vessel fishery of our fishermen, should be made the subject of conference and oon current arrangement between the two governments. I sincerely hope that the basis may be found for a speedy adjustment oi the very serious divergence of views la the interpretation of the fishery clauses of the treaty of Washington, which, as the correspondence between the two gov ernments stood at the close of the last session of Congress, seemed to be irre concilable. In tho important exhibition of arts and industries, which wns held last year at Sydney, New South Wul?s. as weil as in that now in progress at Melb urne, the United States have been tfliuently and honorably represented. The exhib itors from this country at the former place received a largo number of awards in some of the most, considerable de- Bartments, and the participation of tho Inited States was recognized by a special mark of distinction. In the exhibition at Melbourne, the share taken by our couu'ry is no less notable, and an equal degree of success is confi dently expected. The state ot peace and tranquillity now enjoyed by all tho nations of the continent of Europe has its iavorable influence upon our diplomatic and com mercial relations with them. We have concluded and ratified a convention with the French republic for the settlement of claims of the citizens of either count' y againstj the other. Under this conven tion a commission, presided over by a distinguished publicist, appointed, in pursuance of the request of both nations. by his majesty the emperor of Brar.il, has been organized and has begun its sessions in this city, A congress to consider means for the prot cvion of in dustrial property has recently been in session in Paris, to which I have ap pointed tho ministers of the United States in France and Belgium ns dele gates. Tho international commission upon weights and measures also con tinues its work in Paris. I invite your attention to the necessity of an appro priation to bo maae in ime to enable this government to comply with its obli gations under the metrical convention. Our friendly relations with the Ger mauempir contiuue without interrup tion. At the recent international exhi bition of fish and fisheries at Betlin, the participation of the U.ited States, not withstanding tho haste wi- li which the commission was forced to make its preparations, was extremely successful and meritorious, winning for piivate ex hibitors numerous awards of a high class, and for the country at large the priuci pal prize of honor offered by his majesty the emperor. The results of this great success cannot but be advan tageous to this important and growing industry. There have been some ques tions raised between the two govern ments as to the proper effect and inter pretation of our tresties of naturaliza tion, but recent dispatches from our minister at Berlin show that favorable progress is making toward iu under standing, in accordanco with the views ot this government, which makes nnd admits no distinction whatever between the rights of a native and a naturalized citizen of the United States. In practice, the complaints of molestation suffered by naturalized citizens abroad have never been fewer than at present. There is nothing of importance to note in our unbroken u-teniiy relations witu the governments of Austria-Hungary, Russia, Portugal, Sweden and Norway, Sw tz rland, Turkey and Greece. 1 Hiring the last summer several vessels beloneing to the merchant marine of this our try, sailing in neutral waters of tho VY'est Indies, were lined at, boarded, and searched by an armed cruiser of the Spanish government. The circumstan ces a i reported, involve not oul a pri vaie in jury to t he persons concerned, but i s seemed too little observant of he 'Vhndly relations existing for a century between this country and Spain. Toe wrong was brought to the attention cf the Spanish government in a serious jrotest and remonstrance, aud tue mat ler i3 undergoing lavcstigatioa by tho royal authorities, with a view to such cxpUuauoa or reparation us may be e:iil:d for by tho facts. The comoiission sitting iu tins city lor the adjudication of claims of our citi zens against the government ot Spain, is, I hope, approaching tue termination of ii 3 labors. The claiiu3 against the United States under the Florida treaty with Spain were submitted to Congress for its ac tion at the late session, and I again in vito your attention to this long standing question, with a view to a final disposi tion ot the matter. At the invitation of the Spanish gov ernment, a conference has recently been held at the city of Madrid to consider tho subject of protection by foreign powers of native Moors in the empire of Morocco. The minister of the United States, in Spain, wat directed to take part in the deliberations of this confer ence, the result of which is a convention Bigned on behalf of all the powers rep resented. The ins'.tument will bo laid before the Senate tori's consideration. The government ot the Uaited States hs also lost no opportunity to urgo upon that of the emperor of Morocco the necessity, in accordance with the hu mane and enlightened spirit of the age, of putting an end to th persecutions, which have been so pievaleut in that country, of persons of a faith other than the Moslem, ami especially ol tlie lie brew residents of Morocco. The consular treaty concluded with Belgium has not yet been officially pro mulgated, owing to tho alteration of a word in the text by the Senate of tho United Spates, which occasioned a delav, during which the tiiU3 allowed for ratifi cation expired. The Senate will ba asked to extend the period for ratifi cation. The attempt to negotiate a treaty of extradition with Denmark failed on ac count of the objection ot tho Danish government to the usual clause provi '. ing that each nation should pay the ex pense of the arrest of the persons whose extradition it asks. The provision made by Congress, at it3 last sfssion, for the expense of the commission which had been appointed to enter upon negotiations with the im perial government of China, on subjects of great interests to the relations of the two countries, enabled the cowmiss on ers to proceed ut once upon their mis sion. The imperial government was prepared to give prompt and respectful attention to the matters brought under negotiation, and the conferences pros cecded with such rapidity and success that, on November 17 last, two treaties were signed at Pekin. one relating to the introduction of Cuiuese into this country, and one relating to conmerce. Mr. Trescot, one of the commissioners, is now on his way homo bringing the treaties, and it is expected tht they will bi received in season to be laid before tin Senate early in January. Our minister in Japan has negot ated a convention for the reciprocal relief of shipwrecked seamen. I take occasion to urge once more npon Congress the propriety cf making provision for the ciection of suitable fire-proof buildings at the Japanese capital for the use of the American legation, and the court house and jail connected with it. The Japanese government, with great gen erosity and courtesy, has offered for this purpose nn eligible pieco of land. In my last annual message I invited the attention of Congress to tho subject of tho indemnitv funds received time years ag from China nnd Japan . I re new tlie recommendation then made, that whntever portions of these funds are dut to American citizens should be promptly paid, and the residue re turned to the nations, respectively, to which they justly and equitably belong. The extradition treaty with the king dom of tlie Netherlands, which has been for some time in course of negotiation, has, during the past year, been con cltricd and duly ratified. U.'Jaticnsof friendship and amity have been established between the govern ment of the United States and that of Roumania. Wo have sent a diplomatic representative to Bucharest, and have received at this capital the special envoy, who has been charged by his royal high ness Prince Charles, to announce the independent sovereianty of Rmniania. Wo hope for a speedy development of commercial relations between tho two countries. In my last annual message I expressed the hope that the prevalence of quiet on the border between this coun try and Mexico would soon become so assured as to justify the modifi cation of the orders, then in force, to our military rommanders, in re gard to crossing the frontier, without encouraging eucii disturbances as would endanger the peace of the two coun tries. Events moved in accoroance with these expectations, and the orders were accordingly withdrawn, to the entire e-visfaetion ot our own citizens and the Mexican government. Subsequently the peace ol tho border was again disturbed bv a savnge foray, under the command of the Chief Victorio, but, by the com bined and harmonious action of the military fo ces of both countries his band has b?en broken up nnd substan tially destroyed. There is reason to believe that the obMtael's which have so long prevented vapid and convenient communication lift veen the United States and Mexico by railways, nre on the piint of dis appearing, and that several important enterprises of this character will soon b.' set on font which cannot fail to con tribute largely to tho prosperity of both couriii i s. The condition of the financial affairs of the government, as shown by the re port of the secretary of the treasury, is very satisfactory. It ia believed that the present financial situation of the United States, whether considered with respect to trade, currency, credit, grow ing wealth, or the extent and vari. ty of duv resources, is more favorable than that ot any other country of our time, and has never been surpassed oy that of any country nt any period of its his tory. All our industries are thriving; the rate of interest is low; new railroads arc being constructed ; a vast emigra tion is increasing our population, capi tal and labor; now enterprises in great number are iu progress; and our com ni"i cial relati ins with other countries are improving. The ordinary revenues, from all sources, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1680, were: From customs $IS6 522.0t14 60 Fiom inienml revenue 1H4 0' 'J MS 02 From tides ol pu'lio lands. . 1,010 jjG Cu Fiom tux on ci'diiniinu nnd deposits ol i.n'.ionnl hanks. . 7,011,971 44 Fro!a ropnvumnt ot inteiet by Paciflo railway coin- panics 1,707,3C7 18 From sinking liui l lor r.iciflo inilwuy cuni uuies 7S6,G2l '22 From cist.niis lens, flne.9. pennliius, cto 1 118,800 16 Fiom leoi oiimi nr, lolleis- p uuni, nnd lu'uls 2,337,(29 00 From prooiiiU ot talus ol goMu'iitnom properly 2S2 C16 51 Fiom prnrtis on Cui ise, elo. 2,792,18G 78 From luvmiuos of Mm Dis- ti ct ol.Columbii 1,809.469 70 From uiiscollumous sourcoa. 4,('!)!,6U3 18 To'al ordinary receipts.... g333,52(5 G10 93 Tho ordinary expenditures Dr the same period were: Tho civil expenses $15 G93 963 65 For ioruisn intoiojiii jo 1 211 4'J'I 53 For In limia 6 945,457 09 For pensions, h-c tiding 19,- 341,(125 20 arreais ct t en sions 66,777,174 44 For the military islah ith- mont, inclidin river and lia lior iinprovi-incinU and araoniiU 38 116,918 22 For iliu naval esUih islmiunt, inc'u linij vodscld, nia-'li-n- eiv, ai.d impiov-iiieula at navy y rds 13 536 931 74 For misCiUineoiis expendi- tur a. ii.cl.i Hnu' l"t'l c bu ldinjs, li.htlioui'3 and coin cuii,; tli j r.ivuiiuo.... S4 535,691 00 For f xpendi'uri s on accnut ot liie Disliict ol Uulmu. bin 3272 3S1 63 For inter est ou tlie imu.ie ton .. t'5.757 575 11 For premium on lon I pur chase 1 2 793 320 4i Total ordinal y lures est o nil' Jf267 012,957 78 leaving a 6un l m reromm 1 $65,883,653 20 Wninl), wit'.l nn ummir.t diuwn Irom Ilia casli bi- auco iu U-uaiiiy.ci 8,084.431 21 MuUing S3.963,Ub7 41 Was applied to tne redemption: Of bo add lor the sinking hind $73,652,900 00 Ol fractional cum ncy 251 717 41 Of Uiel ai o: 1853 40.100 00 Ol temporary l an 100 00 Ol uounty lun 1 scrip 25 00 (if compound intnn-Ht notes.. 16.500 00 Ot 7.30 notes ol 1861 -'5 2,6 0 00 Oi one mil two-yeur note J.. 3,700 00 Ol old demand notes 495 00 973 968,087 41 The amount rln o 'lie sinfciug fund for this year was 37 031, C43 55 There was apnlied thereto ilio un of $73, 904, 617 41, being $35,U72 073. 1:6 In excess oi the actual requirements of the year. The aggregate of tho revenues from all sources during the fi"nl ' par ended June 31, 18811. was ?333 r2R,C10.03. an increase over the preci-dmir year ot $39, 6DD 4 .'0 53. The receipts thus far, oi the current year, together with tlie es timatcd receipts for the remainder o the year, amount t J $35'J,OO0,00(), which will be sutliuient to meet the estimated expenditures of the year, and leave a eurplts o $ J ).(X),(K)0. It is fortunate that this large surplus revenue occurs at a period when it may be directly applied to the payment of t he publio debt soon to be redeeuvible. No pub io duty has been more constantly cherished in the United States than the poiicy of paying the nation's debt, as rapidly as possible. The debt of the United States, less cash in the treasury and exclusive of accruing interest, ntt lined its maximum of $3 751 431 571 43 in August, 1865, and has since that time ben reiuced to $1,88(5,019, 6n4 f 5 O the priin'pil of tlio debt, $1ih '5i 100 hai be n paid since March 1, 1S77. t-ft'. 'd in n nnnunl saving of in terest of B li7 .V)3 The burden of in terest has uUo b n diminished by the sale ot bon s bearing a lo rate of in terest, and the application of the pro ceeds to the red mptionot bonds bearing a higher ra'e. Tin an 't'l iavinr thus senii od sinco March 1, 1677, is $11 230, 433.5:. Within a short period over $000,0(10,- 000 of five nnd six per cent, bonds will becojjercdeem ibic. This presents a very favorable opportunity notonlv to fur ther reduce the principal of the debt, but nlso to reduce the rate of interest on that which will remain unpaid. I call the attention of Congress to tho views expressed on this su'lject by tho secre tary o' the treasury In his annual report, and recommend prorant legislation, to enable the treasury department to com plete tl.o refundiug of tho debt which is about to mature. The continuance of specie payments has not been interrupted or endangered since the date of resumption. It has contributed greatly to the revival of business and lo our remarkable pros perity. The feurs that preceded and ac companied resumption have proven groundless. No considerable amount of United States notes have been presented for redemption, while very lar.o sums ot gold bullion, both donvstic and im ported, are taken to the mints and ex changed for coin or nolcs. The increase of coin and bullion in the United States since J-mnavy 1, lt)7!l, is estimated r.' $2;7.if:),4a8. Tliure nru siill in exis'pnee, uncan celed, $:4G,fisl,01G of United States legal-tend r notes. These notes were authorized as a wnr measure made necessary by the exi.T'ncies of tho con flict in which the United States was then engaged. The preservation of tho cation's existence required in the judgment of Congress an issue of leeal tendor paper money. That it eerved well the purpose for which it was cre ated is not questioned, but the employ ment of the notes as paper money in dcfii.iiely, after the accomplishment of tho object for which they were provided, was not contemplated Dy tho franiers of the law under which they are issued. These notes long sinco became like any other pecuniary obligation of the government a debt to be paid, and, when paid, to be canceled as mere evidence of an in debtedness no longr existing. I there fore r-'ppat what was said in the annual messiige of l ist yen'-, tuit tho retirement from circulation o; UaiSeS Ststes nutes, with the capacity ot legui-under in private contracts, is a step to be taken in our progress toward a safe and stable currency, which should be accepted as the poiicy and duty of the government aud the interest and security of the people. At the time of the passage of the act now in force requiring the coinage of silver dollars, fixing their valuo and giving them legal-tender character, it was believed by many of the supporters of tlie meiisure that the silver dollar, which it :iuthriz ;d, would speedily bo come, under the operations of tlie law, of equivalent value lo ibo gold dollar. There were other supporters of the bill, who, while they douided as to the prob ability of this result, nevertheless were willing to give the proposed experiment 1 fair trial, with a view to stop the coinage, if experience should prove that the ailvi r dollar authorized by the bill continued to be of less commercial value than the standard gold dollar. The coinage of biiver dollars, under the act referred to, began in M trch, 1878. and has been continued as required by the act. The aveiage rate per mmth to tho present time has been 2 270 4:)2 The total 'amount coined tn ini- to Ibst of November la was i; 72 8 17.75X Of this n mount $47 031 45 i-iuain in the treasury, and oniv 25 7ti3 2JI are in the hands of the people. A eoustant ilf.irt uas ueen made to keep tins currency in circulation, and consider .bio expense bus been necessarily incurred tor thi purpose, but its return to tho treasury is piompt and sure. Contrary to the confident anticipation of tho friends ot tho measure at the time of its adoption. the value of the silver dollar, containing 4lv4 grains of silver, has not increased. During the year prior to the passage of the bill authorizing its coinage, the market value of tho biiver which it con tained was from ninety to ninety-two cenis, as couipnred with the standard gold dollar. Daring the Inst year the average market vaiuo of tho silver dol lar has bco l eighty-eight and a hali cents. It is obviou3 that tho legislation of tho last Con gres3 in regard tosilvtr, so far as it wai ba-ed on an untici.vated rise in the value of (diver a a result of that lesislation, has failed to produco the ell'ect then predicted. The longer the. law remains in force, requiring, as it does, the coinage of a nominal dollar which, in reality, is not a dollar, the greater becomes the danger that this couu ry will bo forncd to accept a single metal as the sole legal standard of vake in circulation, and this a standard of less valu than it purports to be worth in the recognized money of the orld. The Constitution of the United States sound financial prine'pl ?s, and our best interests, all require that tho country should have as its legal-tender money, both gold and silver coin, of an intiimio value, a3 bullion, equivalent to that which, upon iu face, it purports to posses3. The Constitution, in exp.ess terms, recogn.z 's both gild and silver as the oniy true legal-tender money. To banish either of theso metals from our currency is to narrow and limit the cir culating medium of exchange to the dis paragement of important interests. The Unite' Slates produces more silver than any otber country, and is directly interested in maintaining it as one of the two precious metals which furnish the coinage cf the world. It will in my judgment .contribute to this result if Congress will repeal S3 much of existing legislation as requires tue coinaxe ot silver dollars containing only 4121 grains of silver, and in its stead will authorize the secretary of tho treasury to coin silver dollars of equiv alent value as bullion, with gold dollars. This will defraud no man, and will be in accordance with familiar precedents. Congress on several occasions, has al tered the ratio of value ho' ween gold and silver, in order to establish it more nearly in accordanco with tue actual ratio of value between the two metals. In financial legislation every measure in the direction of greater fidelity in the discharge of pecuniary obligations has been found by experience to diminish the rates of interest which debtorj are required to payL and to increase the facility with wntca money can be ob tains! for every legititnato purpose. Oir own recent Unancinl history shows how sureiy money becomes abundant whenever confidence in the exact per formance of moneyed obligations is es tablished. The secretary of war reports that tbs expenditure! of tlie war denartment for the fisee.l vear ended June 30. 1890, were Stf i,,Ji,4.773.03. Tho appropriations for this department, for tlie current hscal year, amount to $41,993 6J0.40. With repect to tje urray, the secre tary invites attention to the fact that its strensth is limited by statute (section 1,115. revised statutes) to not more than 3 1,000 enlisted men, but that provisos contained in appropriation bills have limited expenditures to the enlistment of but E5 000. It is believed the full leal rtrcngth. is the least possible foroe at which the pre.-ent organization can bo maintained, having in view effi ciency, discipline and ccouomy. While the enlistment of this force would add somewhat to the appropriation for pay of tho nr:iiy. tho saving made in o.her respects would be more than an equiv alent for ' his additional outl'iy, and the elll dency of the army would bo largely Increased. 1 commend to tlie attention of Con gress tho great services of the com mander in-chief of our armies during the war for tlie Union, whose wiso, firm and patriotic conduct did so much to bring that momentous conflict to a close. The legislation of the Uaited St ites con tains many precedents for tho rccog-' nition of distinguished military merit, authorizing rank and emoluments to be conferred for cminpnt services to the country. An net of Congress authoriz ing tlie appointment of a captain-general of the army, with suitable provisions relating to compensation, retirement and other details, would, iu my judgment, bo altogether fitting and proper, and would oo warmly approved by the country. Tue report of the secretary of tlie navy exhibits ihe successful and satisfactory management of that department during ttie last fiscal year. The total expendi tures for the year were $12,910 039 45, leaving unexpended at tiie close of the year $j. 111,082 23 of tho amount of available impropriations. The appro priations t"r the rtrcsent nscnl veiir end iEir Juno 30, 1881, are $15 095 06145: nnd the total estimates for t;,e next, fiscal year ending June 3), 1-82, are $15 953, 751.01. The nmouu drawu by warrant fi:-.i July 1. 1-80, to November 1, 1880, is $5.1,41.570.45. Tlio report ol the postmaster general OI liibi! i the optional M'uwth unit tlio hill otute ol el:iuiunci ot die p tinl soivice. luu pera- lioni ot n ilopiulini'iit ot tlio government, I ci l..i;je, n i'ieount wiih i.reater exuo nes the iueiMi o in ii!-' population unit ihu bil.-iuo.-s ot ti.ii cimn'.ry. In ISOll, th" p.'Siul receipts were 18,007 4 ; iu 1S8 1, the receipts were $33, jij,17'J 31. All iliu iiiliuUluiitsi'l thoo lunlry uio directly Hint pismomdly inleriied in having pro, er iimil liu ilities, mid naturally wutcli the I'P-Joilii'e yv y closely. Ihi careful over-.-.'i.t on ihe purl ol iho j.o iplo Una proved a i: em ant stimulus lo inipiovenieui. During ih past year tliero wiib un itiureuso ol 2,134 !.ot,'lllcoJ, und tho mail route were extended ,177 uiiluj, auikiiiK un tuMilional annual transportation ol 10,S01,191 milos. Tho rev enues ol tho postal seivico lor tho ensuing y viii' are ostiiuateil at $33,845.174 10 and tlio cvpfnilitHresaf $VZ 47J,U3, leaving a dcOoien ;:y to hn appropriated out of the treasury ol f CJ0.707 9J. Tlio report ot tno scci e.tory cT the Interior pi cs iiitsan o ubonue account ot the operations I I Uiat u.'patiii'-nt riv.rii g the pa-t year. It .iv?i me ureal plensme to eay that o ir Indian i IVdis nppeur to be in more hop, ful onndi i n now than ever bcloio. Ihe Indians hare i..a 'o gmtiiying prg;e s in agriculture, herd inu and mechanical pursuits. Almy who were it ti-i7 yea 1 8 ago in hostilo conll et with the 10 voi iiment nre quietly eetiliig ilotvn on farms iv hero they hope to innko tiieir permanent homes, building house and engiiuK in the iieeupK'iiinscl civilized lile. Tho introduction ui Iho h eihtim; bujiiio.M anions I heio lia-s been remarkably it nil till c 1 ood results, in giving i any oi tin-in congenial and ivmuneiative i ir.ployiiieiit, nnd in tiniii!H!iii ihiir ambi tion to ei n their own 8t ; rt,. Their lion- -ly, fide it v and elll.'ii ncy hs cnrrieis are liifiuly p nist it. Thn oi'uninutio ot a police I k u t Indians lm;i Ijoi.ii q ally tii'jee-lul in iimiL.tiiin.nt; law an 1 order upon the icuei va luing, and in exi rci-im; a whole ome moral 11 fluei c.i onion the Indians theinf elv-js. I concur with the a cietai y i f tno inieiior in the et'iiiiiiueiidaiio.i thai Ihu pay ol this lorce be neremid, as an inducement lo Ihe bent class il youn men to cuter it. The all pnlion ol Conrpss is asmin asked to lie Wiislelul d -pn dmiona comini'led on our . ,l)ho timber lands, a.i.1 the mpid and i.idij isiiminate desti unliou of our luteals. Tne urgent tiecc a-ny for legislation to this end is low Rem rally nc ynizoJ. In view ot the lawless character m the depredation com-nd-ted, and thn di-introim coneequonaes which will inevitably follow their coiiliuu inee, h'E station hn imniii and nii'ii been recom mended to an cat the evil, nnd to picseive loi tho ptople of our WeMot u S ales and Terri xuiea tno timber nee. led lor domestic and ither essoin ial uses. Tiie ooninif bioner ol ati culture ezpreaBM the conlUunl be i 1 1- a' lit? ellor.B iu b halt of 'ho pnxluotion ff our own tuar and ten have be-n encouragingly loarmMed. The impott iiucii ol t'ei results attained ha e attracted marked att -ntion at homo, an t have received iho Bpicnl onii3id.ir.it ion ot foreign nations. The succosblul col ivution oi o-ir own tea, and tho maniiiaeturtt (f our own sugar, would iniike, a difference ot ninny millions of dollars annual. y in tho wealtn ol iho nation. I he report of thn commissioner asks atten tion part eiiliu ly to the. continue I p ev.ilence of an infectious and cnt,'ius entile disease, known and dreaded in K rope and Asia as i'Ultlo p!niin, or pleiiio-pneuuionia. A mild type ol this di-,easi, in eei lain sections ol our comery. is tne occa i in ol ere-u Joss to oar tnrmeis, and ol serio n disliiroance to oui tiadewitli Great Uiitaiu, which lurnishes a market lor uioit ol our live stoci and d easel meats. 'J ho value ol in a! -cat do er ported from t' e United Statoi lor the tight months ended AiiL'tl-t 31, IHsD, win moie man twelve iu llion dollars, end ueaily double the value lor the same poiiod in lb79.au unexampled iiinieuioo! export tmde. Your eaily atten tion is solic.led to ibis important mailer. RUT IERFORD B. Executive Mansion. JJecemner 0. 1SS0. HAYES. Words ot Wisdom, Thera are few things so bad but they niixht hnvfl been worse. Extraordinary virtues are ever ds mii"d by those who wuiil the courage to imnate them. Faith nnd persistency nr? liVsnrdl to is; while doubt and despair bury ai. under ihe ruins of nny de-.ire. The most brau!iltil may ho the most admired r nd careFSfd, but they are not always the most esteemed and loved. "Where the mouth is sweet and the ej( litai!icrt. there i3 alwevs the look of beauty, with a right tuart. All the nickel from which the Cv cens coins are made c; rues from a mine in Lancaster county, Pa. It has been woiked cow seventeen years, and pro. duees from 400 to 600 tons of ore montlilv. Kit-?'-