. : - i! HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Editor and Publisher. VOL. V. NIX. DESPERANJUM. Two Dollars por Annum. 1UDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA. THUltSDAY, JUXE 17, 1875. NO. 17. Ilj'-niuMtyp. There's a little mischief-maker, That in stealing lrnif our bliss, Sketching pictures in a dream-land That are nover koou in ibia. J-hing from the lips the treasures Of the priwent while we nigh Yon may know this mircliief maker, l'Vr Iiim name la by-and-bye. Ho in nutiii! by your heartliBtonos, Wirli t in hIv, bewitching glanco. Whixu'ring of the coming morrow As the social hours advance L' itoring, mid our calm refactions, Hiding forms of beauty nigh ; Ho's a smooth, doccitfnl follow, This enchanter, by-aud-bye. on may know him by his winning, By his careless, sportive air; By Ilia sly, obtrusive presence, Tlmt is straying everywhere j By trophies that he gathers Whore his somber victims lio, Tor a bold, determined fellow Is this conqueror, by-aud-bye. Whon the calls of duty haunt as, And the present Beema to be All the time that even mortals Snatch from dark eternity, Then a fairy hand Beema painting Pictures on a painted sky, For a cunning little artist Is the fairy, by-aud-bye. "By-and-byo," the wind is singing, "liy-aiid-bye," the heart replioa ; But the phantom just abovo us Ere we grasp it over Hies, LiHt not to the idle charmer, Scorn the very specious lie Do not bolieve or trust in This decoiver, by-and-byo. IX A TUEL. " That Mavhew, will do nicely," said Ruth receiving her last package through tho cur window from Mr. Per kins on the platform. " Write ns how you got along, Ruth. If your aunt can spare you a spell m the Hiimmor we'd be glad to see you hum agin. Oh, my ! here's Mis' Curtiu with a bunch of posies from her garden. Hurry ! hurry ! you'll bo late, uuro's the world, Mis' Curtiu." Thus spoke tho group tit the depot in niimi cuorus as tho locomotive, everv pinto burnished and dazzling, which Lad siuiniered quietly lor minutes, started, iiuiuuug u jei-King wrench. to tlie curs, and thou the loner snuke .if n. rnn'n rrl,l,,i smoothly away. " bhe takes it lirst-rato," commented Mr. Pcrkijfrftfwipiug iiis brow with a red OandauarTiandkerehii.'f. 'men ho climbed into his rusty carry- jy, in ii ji ij u juifTK wmto norse; tlie niiiers returned oioiig uie vitiligo street to resumo separate avocations, nnd the event ol tlio ilay was over. Ruth May new nan uepaneu irom mo homo of her youth, nud tho placo would know her no more forever. The straggle had been a hard one, but Biio bore it well, as ALr. I'erkms averred, She did not look once nt the white house on the hill where death had robbed her of parents nud shelter, because even her fortitude could not bo trusted to witness the Smalls moving in. What, was be fore her f. Life with Aunt Harriet in a closo siek-chamber, slave of an invalid's apriees, nud grateful for daily bread. Oh, the long dreary years, -with nothing um oui ago m auvaneo i She took a small pocket-mirror from lier bag, nnd gnzed pensively into its iieptns. xiio reiiected image was by no means unattractive. She was not as young as sho had once been, yet her features were good, her complexion fresh, her eyes clear, aud her physique robust. Moreover sho was carefully nud becomingly atl ired, and her chignon was of the latest style. Nevertheless a sigh welled up from her heart when she gazed iri the ghns, not altogether in unreasonable dissatisfaction with her present appoar nnce; still the past had had disappoint ments, aud tho i'uturo with Aunt Harriet was without promise. Awoy back in tho vista of summers sho beheld herself, a fanciful girl, building cloud-castles out of the sunset glories. Ouo springtime was brighter nnd more fragrant than tho rest; arouud it still bloomed flowers of regretful memories, blossoms without earthly semblance in the cold, bleak climate whero Ruth lived, because sprung from tho richest sources of hu manity. A brave young missionary had urged a heedless girl to go with him to the not countries among the heathen, nud the girl, to whom tho world seemed a vast treasure-house lavish of gifts, had ilouted her young niis-ionary, nnd he had silently departed without complaint, to return .no mpre. Then Ruth had shed tears in secret, bitterly remorseful tears, nnd turned her back capriciously on tho well-to-do farmers of hor ac quaintance. "Got n cinder in yer eye?" inquired a sharp voice iu our traveler's ear. Tho latter awoke from her reverie with a start, wid turned to her questioner with a guilty blush suffusing her cheek. She, Ruth May hew, of middle age, caught looking in the gloss. Her inter locutor was a brisk, bright little old lady in a faded shawl and an antiquated bon net of the coal scuttlo pntteru. She car ried on her arm a black silk bag which seemed to coutaiu unlimited stores of snuff nud peppermint drops. Eucircling her withered old throat was a necklace of beautiful gold bend3 delicately wronght. These beads, an heir-loom in hor family, descending to her through long generations, had been worn by her since early youth, and so much of super stition is associated with such relics in the mind of the possessor, that the old lady would have dreaded immediate mis fortune had sho lost tueni. Such was her child-like faith in her fellow creatures that she never dreauiod of partiug with hor treasures. "I cau get it out quick as a wink, child," f-he continued, eagerly, settling her spectacles, and spreading out a toft silk handkerchief, with the intention of applying it to Ruth's eye. " No, thank you. It is nothing," said Ruth, hastily popping tho glass Lack iuto a hidiug-plaoo. - Thus foiled, the old lady relapsed into silenoe, although she could not remain quiet long. She jerked her head about quickly to observe different objects with ft BpftJ'row-lii motion, and beooming absorbingly interested iu Ruth, sho peered at trimmings, eveti testing tho quality of a ribbon furtively with a critical loreunger anil thumb. Ago hac chiseled wrinltlna l'nmimai'nltlji fi..aK.m in the intelligent face, had whitened tho scanty lmir, and robbed the sunken mouth of teeth, yet tho vital forces soemod unimpaired. She was like queer little gray bird hopping along to pecs a crumb of information every where. "I wonder who sho is, nnd whero she's goin'?" pondered the old lady, her busy brain having unsuccessfully twisted Rnth around the whirling wheel of minute investigation. Then she bobbed up abruptly, and skipped into the seat beside the object of her interest with an apologetic, "Uuess I'll change my place if you don t mind, and get out of tho draught from that winder. Old folks have to be kinder koerful about draughts." Miss Mayhew graciously assented, and ner neighbor was delighted with the success of her stratagem. "Live iu these parts?" small beady A I T n . . ' eyes twmiuing an over ner companion interrogatively. ' Yes. Have you come far ?" "Far? I guess sot -I left my darter's uomo iu -Aniiianny ilay alore yesterday, 1 ve seen sights of things. My son-in-lnw, Marthy's husband, is a lumber morchant, you know, out West. Yes, the winter s been cold, some. We had Bible classes nud lectures, nnd once tiiere enmo a panornmy of New York, Jabez took mo. Hev voi been there ? Most as good as seeing it for yourself, the panoramy was. Come home alone ? Law, yes 1 Made my way right along as easy as could be. I stopped over night nt Montreal, in Cnnady, nt n great hotel, and tho clerk gave me a snug lit tle room, so's I felt real to hum. There's a big bridge the Victory bridge, they coil it there. I see it. I've been a good piece on me urauu xurk railroad, too." Tho old lady had traversed all this distance safely, enjoying every hour of the journey, nud she was now turning ner iace nomewaru to a iarru nestled among the hills. " My son lives iu tho other side of the house, and does nil the chores about the farm. T take care of myself," sho ex plained, with tho curious simplicity of a nature that confided nil its private uffairs td strangers, never dreaming of doubting that their interest equaled her own iu discussing their personal his tory. Ruth's sympathy was nroused. This sympathy cost her dear. Three hours later she was standing nlona on the crowded platform of a largo railway terminus, whero locomotives dashed frantically about, nud anxious passen gers vociferated loudly, with her own train disappearing in the distance, nud a string of gold beads in her hnnd. It happened thus : Ruth nud her new frieud hobnobbed delightfully. The old lady was particularly pleased to dis cover that among tho many good things prepared for the other's journey by friendly hands were crisp turn-overs, generous slices of dried-npxile pie, nud doughnuts. " Seems like hum," she declared, with a sigh of satisfaction. " Couldn't git nny cake nor pie in Cnnady. They said they had plenty of beef aud beer, but I don't need nothin' quite so hearty." Born of the same race, subjected to tho same influences of a harsh, cold climate, the English resident of Canada supplies generous fuel for the ninchinery of life, while the Yankee native of New England most grudgingly lubricates the busy inech nism of his economy, at the same time extorting the greatest possi- blo amount of labor from his slave the body. I he train paused nt a Rtation, nnd a young man strolled into tho car. Miss Jiuth s attention became instantly cen tered in him. It was not because of tTie beauty of his black mustache that she observed him, nor his oily ruglets, flashy waistcoat, and resplendent watch chain. It was simply because Ais evil, snaky eye, wandering carelessly over tho passengers, pounced on tho uncon scious old ladv. " lou will bear wnteh- ing. thought tho younger woman. Then she talked wnmingly of thieves nnd pickpockets, nt which ih3 old lady looked simply bewildered. The trow rushed into a tunnel, a dark, chilly hole that seemed to open & yawn ing niouth, in itself stationary arid soul less, to ingulf life nnd motion. A tiny blue flame crackled; the old lady had lighted a bit of tallow candle, using her hand for a candlestick. I git scared in these tunnels," she said, aud held the candle so that Ruth and herself were framed in a vivid radi ance. The former, keeping her eyes stead fastly fixed on the snaky young man seated bohind, detected a stealthy move ment of his hand toward the old lady's nock, where hung the family gold beads. A sudden draught (emanating trom the snaky young man) flared out the candle, a s'cnflla and rush ensued amidst con fused exclamations, nnd Miss Mnhew launched into active combat with the foe. "Thieves!" she shrieked. "Oh. murder!" gasped theold lady, first receiving a blow over the held that crushed her bonnet awry, and then feel ing as if a great many shawls htd tum bled over her. "What is the matter ?" echoed on all sides iu the terrible darkness. "Oh, oh!" screamed Rutb again. "The wretch I The scamp! Help me to hold him. -He is twisting my hand horribly." "Let me go," growled the snaky young man, and giving himself a serpen tine screw, adroitly eluded the nervous clutch of his captor's fingers. "He's gone! Do catch him," 6he panted. The wildest commotiot ensued. Everybody else feeling that it devolved upon each as men and brothers to do something, and succeeding only in cre ating inextricable confusion. None of the passengers had the vaguest idea what had happened. Each nan grappled with his neighbor, suspe'ting him of soma deadly villainy in that obscure night i "I have got him," cried cheerful voice from the door, proceeding from a stont and valiant traveler, wh), indeed, held in an iron crrin a elendej, writhing form that indignantly rebellet against his as-1 sanlt. But when the light dawned to a comforting brightness again thOrstout gentleman was found to liuld captive an innocent nnd much-injured newspaper and pop-corn boy, who had entered the car just iu the nick of timo to bo made prisoner, while the thief slid noiselessly awny to vanish forever. Then each pnssenger was morallv certain that the thief hud crept past tiui while ho was pursuing the respectable trentleman opposite, aud the newsboy was surest of all that he had been propelled iuto their midst by somo unseen power on the platform. The inevitable result of so much excitement was a chilling doubt if Miss Mayhew's alarm had not been only a woman s scare alter all. "Look at her for yourselves." shesaid. indignantly, reading skepticism on every suie. The old lady's nppenrnnce was certain ly dilapidated nnd battered, while her beautiful bends were lyiucr in her lap, Ruth replaced them preparatory to her getting out nt the crowded terminus whero sho changed cars. The old lady uutt-erea awny almost before the tram had stopped, and whon sho had been gone fully live minutes Miss Mayhew rattieu the beads ou tho noor with a suu don crash. The thief had weakened the clasp iu his efforts to secure them. Something mnst be done. In vain she appealed to selfish men ; they were not going to lose their places. Much good but vague advice was volunteered about keeping the necklace until sho could forward it somo time, which sho cut short with a decisive : "I will do it myself." The emergency required prompt no tion, nnd sho was equal to tho emer gency. Without a momeut's hesitation she rushed out. "How long do we stop?" she in quired of a brakeman, who exhaled hot oil from his very countenance. " Twenty minutes," replied the brake man, surely iucited by the evil ono. Where, oh, where will that brakeman go when he dies ? Was his conscience deadened ns well ns his outer ear bv the din of his life ; or did he view with in difference the possibility of nny future state being worse than the pnndemonium of his present existence ? Our traveler was immediately beset by a crowd of clamorous hackmen desirous of driving her out of her wits, if not to the end of the earth. Escaping this snare, she fell into another of bnbie3 and dusty parents. liow many tender innocents sho upset in her haste, thus increasing the general uproar, Kuth, nlthough naturally hu mane, never knew. Everywhere a hopeless blockade of baggage, trunks and struggling humani ty everywhere insane panic of hurry iu the fear of being left behind. The be wildered womau could not approach within ear-shot of the perspiring ticket master, whose suffused faco glared veiiKefully throucrh his pieeon-hole ns he snapped short the incoherent ques tions of distracted passengers. If she could only ascertain whero tho old lady naa gone i " Which is the Locust Valley train ?" she asked of a baggageman who was pausing to take breath after lifting a Saratoga trunk of gigantic dimeiwions. I he basTtracreman. with naroui&mg do- liberation, rested his great hnids on his hips, thrust a quid ot tolwcco into his cheek, stared nt his inKrlocutor, nnd said : "Hey?" Miss Ruth repented her question with tho energy of despair. here do vou wnut co go I inquir ed tho baggageman warily. And then it lcame a painiuuy evi dent fact that where Miss Mayhew want ed to go aad where she was going were two widelv sundered mnttors, lor she beheld Jx tram in motion. To rush toward it, to signal blindly as if the iu- nsate monster would stop : to be held buck from jumping on board in a gentle manly fashion, and then to be left gaz ing blankly iuto space that was her ex purieuce. A voice came buck on the wind ; "I will keep your things for you." To inveigh bitterly against the deceit fulness of brakemen was nu impulse which our unfortunate lady checked with true dignity of character. "I will fiud tho old lady at all events," she decided, "even though she should prove the proverbial needle iu that hny stnek of a depot." There never were so many trains look ing exactly nlike, nnd apparently headed in the same direction, with their engines prancing aimlessly np nnd down. Oh, tho satisfaction of nt length beholdiug a familiar old faco, spectacles on nose, beaming behind a window. Miss May hew dashed frantically forward, waving the necklace aloft. Tho old lady started, felt instinctively at her throat, and be gan to fumble no less frantically nt the closed sash. Varnish and springs defied her. Horrors ! The train, after dnwdling any length of time, at this inauspicious moment con cluded to move. It was a pleasant sight to behold Miss Mayhew rftciug along the platform, casting diguity to the winds, ' and the old lady on the verge of apo plexy within the cor iu her efforts to raise the window. How the people stared, to be sure ! But Miss Mayhew did not care. Sho was long past person al sensitiveness; and when the sash finally yielded, just as she reached tho extreme edge of the platform, she threw in the beads, and retiriug, seated herself on a carpetbag to burst into tears. Her courage completely failed her; the weak, silly, feminine sobs would come. A gentleman hnd approached to claim the carpetbag. He was tall, bronzed, and bearded, nnd he wore a scarf about his throat of some curious Eastern fab ric. Miss Mayhew, the tension of ex citement having snapped, was left as weak as an infant. Hor pocket had been cut, and her portemonnaie was gone. Had sho, in securing her companion's safety, fallen a victim to the snaky young man herself? She now rose, making some confused apology for the condition of her late throne, the carpetbag. "Ruth Mayhew!" exclaimed the stranger. "I cauuot be mistaken. Surely you wear my gift, the little brooch, silver and pearls." With a startled expression of wonder she looked up into his face, and read joy in the eyes of hor once young mission ary. The locomotives shrieked, and the human tide surged to and fro, yet these two saw nothing of the confusion about them, He was journeying towaid the white house ou the hill, which wi to be his first ilgrimnge in his nntie lnnd, and woidd have missed her hadsho not pursued tho old lady with te gold beads. "How did you recognize nv?" said Ruth Mayhew, flushed nnd tninlous, all tho independence of later years ut terly gone. i " I should have known yomnywhere in the world," said tho lie v. Jim Ather ton, from Algiers. JJntre nous, I believe he Tcnlled the familiar brooch before he diil the wear er. However, that is none ofcur affair, since she was perfectly sntisfid with the reply. The result of this meting was that Aunt Harriet lost her nuso, and the foreign missions gained a clierful, earn est worker, after all. Flocking to the Cty. A correspondent of a cit; paper tells nbout tho great desire on the part of young men to leave the ionntry nnd flock to the city. Tho ciy is full of palaces, he says; but nil heso do not contain millionaires. Iated, many a one among them is the wihess of pecu niary struggles which woild amaze the farmer, nud from which heainy be thank ful ho is spared. Close skeletons do not all congregate among what are called the poor; they hold hijp revel in tho proud avenues of this fai' city as well ns in its meaner streets. The great cities, it mils bo confesred, offer, as a rule, great ai vantages; but they demand, too, grat capital. A young man going iuto than first should choose a timo when badness is alive, not dead; when, there If a demand for more, instead of thousaids clamoring for the one chance. Tbn, to succeed, nud avoid shipwreck in great financial and commercinl centos, ho must be possessed of unusual eiergy aud judg ment and patience; mist have au un swerving sense of prcbity aud nu un shrinking devotion b the fulfillment of all contracts nnd obligations. Those two opposite qualiies, boldness and caution qualities wiich all men do not possess are also hdispeusable, in the long run, to city success. Boldness enough to underiate operations suf ficiently vast to meet tho largo cost of a great business caution enough to ad minister this business so as to keep in check tho temptatbns to enter into doubtful transactions or to contract with those unworthy tho fullest confidence and trust. But if young men loave their countrv homes without those high aspirations which nre to consummate iu tho great merchant's or the yreat editor's career, nnd nsk simply to Ind an obscure place, jogging along evnly with the noisy crowd, 1 should 6till say: "Better stay at homo; there nto many rough jolt's even in what is called jogging along in n big city. There stands more thau one scholar here, mensnvinir ennds lieliinrl tho ooivuter 01 a rotau store; nnd more than one New York car conductor built for himself a higher place in his castle than ho has found. Better remain nt home and fit yourself into an honorable and useful placo there, rather than rush impulsively to the great city, to find numberless others, equally worthy, lamenting their fallen lot, or staudiug altogether idle." How It is Done. A certain noble lord, relates a con temporary, remarkable for tho careless ness of his dress, went personally to pay his tailor's bill. Being unknown by sight to the new manager, who received the money, that worthy mistook him for n servant, nnd, having cast his eyes over the account and receipted it, he handed tho supposed servnut a sovereign, nt the same timo delivering himself nfter this fashion : " Now, there's a sovereign for yourself, and it's your own fault that it's not two. But you don't wear out your master's clothes half quick enough, lie ought to have had double the nmouut iu tho timo ; nnd I tell you it's worth your while to use a harder brush." With a queer smile his lordship an swered : " Well, I don't know ; I think my brush is a pretty hard ono, too his lordship complains of it, anyhow." "Pooh! Hard? Not a bit of it. Now, come, I'll put you up to a wrinkle that'll put many a sovereign into your pocket. Look here," fetching a piece of wood from the shelf behind him, "you see thot bit of a stick ; now that's roughened on purpose. You take that and give your master's cont a good scrubbing with it nbout the elbows nnd shoulders every day, nnd give tho trousers a touch about the knees, and you'll soon wear 'em out for him, and, as I say, it will be a good five pounds in your pocket every year. Wo shnn't forget you, don't be afraid." "You nro very kind," quoth his lordship, with a comical grin. " I will impart your instructions to my valet, though I fear for tho future, while he remains in my service, he will not be nble to profit by them, ns I shall not trouble you with my custom. I am Lord . I wish you good day. " Forests and Rainfall. The question of the influence of for ests on the hydrology of a region is ono that has been warmly discussed. Some men of science Becquerel, for example hold that forests increase the amount of water received by the soil, while oth ers Marshal Vailiant among them as sert that forests diminish the quantity. Some sivans, such as M. Mathieu, sub director of the Nancy school of forestry, have endeavored, by way of experiment, to get together such faeti as might, if they did not set tho question at rest, at least clear up somo points and supply a portion of the experimental data needed for" a full explanation at some future time. M. Mathieu undertook to ' deter mine the amount of rain water received by tho soiU of two neighboring districts, one of them covered with timber and the other arable land; and to find out whother, in consequence of the covering of trees which interrupts the rain water, tho soil of the woodland is as abundant ly watered as that of the open." His conclusion is that timbered soils receive as much and more rain water than tl open country. The Kansas people have tested the qualities of grasshoppers as an article of food and pronounoe them, after being boiled in water to cletn them, and fried ia butter, to be quite palatable, and even good eating, like small fish. A Touching Story. A very touching and beautiful story comes from the East concerning the Priucess Marcelino Czartoryskn, who re cently died in Oallicia. Her little grand son fell ill nnd his life was despnired of. The dowager in a sublime prayer asked God to take her life in place of that of her grandson. By a sort of miraclo the child was saved ; almost immediately the princess was attacked by a malady of languor of which it was impossible to ascribe any natural cause. " It is a debt I owe to Heaven," she smiled, faintly. A few days later, upon a radiant afternoon, she had herself rolled out in her easy-chair on the lawn, and gave orders to have all the doors and gates of tho garden openod so that everybody might enter. When tho vil lagers heard of it they at once left their tasks. Old men aud women, young men Bud maidens nnd little children, pressed nbout the dying priucess, who had long been like a mother to them, for she held the old-fashioned notion that the people are the family of tho sovereign. Then began a most touching ceremony. The children came first. Drawing the youngest one into her nrms, she embraced it, saying: " Let this kiss fall ngaiu upou you nil, my dear friends." Then she gave to each child a medallion, bearing the evangelical words : " Lovo one another." After the children came the young girls and women. To each of them sho gave n little case containing implements for needlework nnd n chaplet nnd au image of the blessed Mary. To tho men she gave an ebony cross, aud for each gift nud recipient sho had ap propriate words, When sho had extend ed 1 er last present she was so exhausted that her sou and daughter-in-law, who stood by her, wished . to . have her wheeled back in the house, but she said no. She then bogged tho people to re cite in aloud voice the Dominical orison. Then at n sign from her hand they nil knelt, nnd their voices iu fervent tones broke out in the recital of the Lord's Prayer. As the amen still echoed iu tho air sho felt death invading her heart, and, whispering " Marcel," tho name of her grandson, tho child was brought, aud as he was being carried to her lips her head dropped upou her breast, nnd without n sigh she rendered her soul to God. So much for a scene thn soems taken from a poem an ideal state of society that one can hardly reconcile with the present. The Digger Indians. The wigwams of the Digger Indians are built throughout of redwood bark, and are round in shape, which con bet ter be explained by saying that they are iu the shape of a bowl upside down, with a smaller ono placed also upside down on top. There are no windows, and nsidn from the aperture' for en trance, which is nbout two feet Bqinre, and a small opening at the top to allow uim oiiiuko il ; lvj, iug to this con'cal-shnped inelosure. To cuter one of these huts it becomes nec essary to get down uud ciawl iu. Once inside a straue pight greets the eye. The majority of both sexes go perfectly naked, aud, being scrupulously particu lar, each one does his or her own cook ing. They sleep in a circle in hollow places iu the ground, with feet to the center. Their cooking apporatus, which consists of good-sized rocks hollowed out, is in convenient reach, and tho Digger need not rise to prepare his breakfast. The food consists of bread made from acorns, which aro first buried, then roasted, then pulverized, aud lastly mixed up with water and baked. This bread is said to be very nourishing. Their mode of preparing squirrel, hare, etc., is to take them just as when killed, pound thera to a jelly, nud then ronst them. Another nrticle of food, very common with them, is known as the "fish worm." Tho Digger is an inveterate gambler, and his principal game is very simple, consisting of hold ing both hands behind him, in one of which is a stick, while another bets he can tell in which hand he holds it. It is stated that they scorn cheating, and after the bets nre made, never change the stick from one hand to the other. Their money consists of little round shells with a hole in tho center, which one of their number is selected to manu facture. No counterfeiting is ever at tempted. Each shell represents about half a cent of American money, and is taken by their tribe as greedily as gold. Tlie Interior of the Ocean. The popular ideas with rpgard to the sinking of bodies in the sea have usually been quite unscientific. Some have theorized to the effect that, in the case of ships which founder nt sea, they sink to a certain depth and then float about until broken to pieces or thrown upon banks beneath the Bea indeed, a book was some time ago published, sustaining this idea. Others, ngain, argue that the buoyant forco of the water at great depths is enormous, and due to tho whole Cressure of the water above, and that all odies which are lighter than water at the surface will, if suuk to tho bottom and detached from the sinker, shoot up ward with a great velocity, or, in other words, that the density of the water in creases directly with the depth. Now, it is proved by the most reliable investigations that, though the pressure increases with the depth oven to the amount of fifteen pounds upon every square inch for every, thirty-four feet iu depth the density is not thereby in creased sensibly, owing to tho incom pressibility of the water, so that, in reality, neither the buoyant force nor the resistance to tho motion of any body, is sensibly augmented from the surface to the bottom. At the depth of 3,000 fathoms, for in stance, the pressure upon a square inch is nearly H.uuu pounds, but the column of 18,000 feet of is only shortened about sixty feet. The density is thus but slightly increased, but the effect of such enormous pressure upon compressible bodies as air, wood, eto. is to con dense them into a emallor bulk, by which they may bo rendered hoavier than weter, aud will sink of their own weight. A piece of wood cannot sink to the bottom of the ocean, but a very Blight extraneous force will bring it to the surface. Toledo has no publio pound for cows, and cows have to be privately pound ed with hoc handles and dray stakes. John Todd's r.efonnaUin. It not ii'ifrequently hnppons that wh'n prayer1', and entreaties, nnd shame, suffering,' and de-rmdatiou, have failed to check ft man in hu down-hill course, some incident Heeminxly changes tho whole currmit of his li te. I have such an incident in mind. You mny know my hero us John Todd. A few yet living will kuow hiiu by another name. John Todd hail sunk very low. Once ho had been gay, hntidnome, and happy. When he mndo Mary Soniers his wife, there was not a young man in our villngo whoseprospect seemed brighter. But the demon of drink seized him. It was a gradual growing of appetite, nnd a gradunl going down. Wife nud children were neglected ; true friends were for saken ; the low nnd tho debased were his chosen companions, nnd poverty nnd want fell upon his household. For months and years his friends tried to save John Todd. They expostulated, they prayed, they begged, they reasoned, but all to no avail ; nnd at length thoy gave it np. Ouo night, quiveriug and shaking, with not a penny in his pocket, John Todd entered his dilapidated home, and asked his wife for liquor. Sho told him there was not a drop in the house. He cursed her savagely, and then com menced to search, professing to believe that she had liquor hidden awny some where. At length, away back on one of the shelves of a small locker over tho tire-placo lie found a bottle, the contents of which smellcd like rum. As ho raised it to his lips his wife, who had been watching him, sprang forward and dashed tho bottle from his hand, shivering it upon the hearth. With n fierce oath John Todd smote his wife to tho floor, dtipine upon the broken glass, nud then staggered awny to his bed. Ho would not go out again, for he had no money. On the following morning his oldest child, n girl of twelve years, came to his bedside. . " O, papa, do you know what you did last night ?" He had a dim recollection, but made no reply. "You knocked poor mamma down, and cut her badly. " Aye, child, she sho " " She saved your life, papa. That was poison in the bottle you were holding to your lips a most dreadful poisou." "Poison, child?" "Yes; dont yon remember what grandma sent over for mamma to kill bugs with ? It was corrosive sublimate and alcohol." . Johu Todd sank back upon his pil low, and did not get up until noon. When he arose he was very weak and tremulous. Ho dressed himself aud went out into the kitchen, where he saw his wife stauding by the fireplace, with a nnpkin bouud around her head. He went to hnv side, nud laid his hand upon her shoulder. She turned and looked into his face, but he did not speak. Ho only kissed her, and then went out. Only kissed her 1 What did it menu ? Mary Todd caught her hands over her heart to crush back the sudden, surg ing hope. It were madness to hope now. And yet, with tho impress of the kiss upon her cheek, and with memory of the look that had accompanied it, she sank upon her knees and wept and prayed. John Todd went away into the woods, where he wandered until nightfall, aud with the last gleaming of the setting suu ho was upon his knees, his palsied hands reverently folded, speaking a vow to Heaveu that his home should be once more happy if he could make it so. Out of tho darkness of desolation, even in the midst of ruin, comes tho nngel of hope nnd promise to the stricken home. Mnry heard, nnd saw, and took heart, and gave her smile and blessing to the work. That was twenty years ago. John Todd has kept the faith from that day to this. He is beloved, respected, nud honored wherever he is known; nnd a happier woman than his wife is not to bo found anywhere. Ledger. A Lawyer's Epitaph. At tho sixteenth annual commence ment of Columbia College law school, which was recently held, diplomas were conferred upon two hundred and ten students. In his address to the gradu ating class Professor Dwight counseled them to refrain from nil trickery, nnd disabuse their minds of the idea that sharpness was legid ability. Ho remark ed : If the truth were told of somo lawyers, their epitaph would read : " Here lies , who for fifty years was nn expert iu legal finesso, outwitting his adversaries, hoodwinking his clients, and making use of confidential commu nications for his own advantage; he en tered hundreds of snap judgments, and abounded in legal devices, submitting to many rebukes from the court with be coming composure, making no rash re ply, but refraining from any expression that would interfere with the future per formance of similar acts; he amassed a large fortune and died; his gratified heirs have erected this monument to suggest to those of his generation that never knew him that he once lived, though those who have experienced his favors will not fail to remember him." To such an epitaph as this who would be bold enough to add : "And of such is tho kingdom of heaven." All Fro ai Tags. It is stated in Let Mondcs, that one of the wealthiest English velvet manufac turers, Mr. J-dstar, worked his way into success by years of patient labor in search of a way to utilize silk rags. He began by buying up all such waste at less than a cent a pound, and up to the year 1864 he had expended the immense sum of 81,300,000 in fruitless efforts to find a process. Nothing daunted, however. he continued his experiments, and within the past ten years has discovered a method of converting such refuse into velvet of the finest quality. He now carries on this industry in .Eugland, in au establishment which employs some four thousand workmen, and hundred of travelers are also employed whose sole business is to buy the silk waste, and this they do in all parte of the globe. The factory is said to have cost nearly $3,000,000, ' Tho Rattle of Bunker Hill. Apropos of tho Bunker Hill centen nial, Oliver Wendell Holmes has written a long poem, iu which he gives ns tho story of the fight ns told by an old lady to her grandchildren. She is pictured as a young girl living in a town ndjncent to Bunkor Hill, who goes into the villngo church steeple with others to witness tho bnttle, and vividly describes the assaults nnd retreats of the " red conta " iu their endeavors to forco the "rebeln" out of the fortification; tho burning of Charles town, nnd tho final retreat of the patriots " like the swimmers from n wreck. (Jn her return home she finds on tho floor of the house a youth bleeding from a wound in the chest, but we will let her finish the account to tho children : "Who the youth was, what his name was, whuro the place from which ho came was, , Who bad brought him from tho battle, and had left bim at our door, He could not speak to toll us ; but 'twas cue of our brave fellows, As the homespun plainly showed us which tho dyingjsoldier woro." " For they all thought he waa dying, as they gathered round him crying And they said, 'Oh, how they'll miss him'.' and, 1 What trill his mother do ?' Then, his eyelids juBt unclosing, liko a child's that has been dozing, He faintly murmured, ' Mother !' nnd I saw his eyes were blue." "Why grandma, howyourwiuking!" " Ah, my child, it sets me thinking Of a story not like this one. Well, ho some how lived along ; So we came to kuow each other, and I uureed him liko a mother, Till at last he stood beforo me, tall aud rony- cheekod, and strong. "And wo sometimes walked togothor in the pleasant Bummor weather " Please to tell us what his name was ?" "JuHt your own, my littlo dear There's his picture Copley painted ; wobocamo so well acquainted, That in short, that's why I m grandma, and yon children all are here !" Items of Interest. Wispers of summer The street sweep ers. More peoplo die from hate than from love. A defective memory overlooks a multi tude of sius. There is no philosophy that can con vince a man to the contrary when ho knows he is hungry. London market gardeners pay $200 per acre yearly reut for lands they culti vate, and their average profits nro ftOOO' per acre. " Heaven's Own" is the nnmo of n new Nevada town where a railroad pnssenger saw n woman pinning her husband to tho feuco with a pitchfork. Aro tlie.se soui.'a nil una oucnt V in quired ft lady of n juvenile salesman. "No, ma am, they re all teu cents, repli ed the innocent youngster. An English publishing firm has adopted the singular device of giving copies of its new books to tho public libraries to cre ate a demand among readers. The army worm in Alexandria, 111. , is destroying crops at a fearful rato. Ono form of 150 acres of corn was destroyed in a few hours, although forty men fought them. The largest lumber raft on record was towed down the Missouri river the other day. It was fourteen strings wide, six teen cribs long, nnd twenty inches deep, containing over one million feet. The petition against couveutual insti tutions, raised in England, issnid to havo borne 117,000 signatures, nud to mensuro three quarters ot a mile in lengt h. 1 or ty thousand signatures were obtained in London alone. Mattrass, a Chippewa chief, was put in his little bed iu the St. Croix valley, Minn., last week. Ho was one hundred aud oue years old, nud might have been older if ho had not smoked tobacco and (bank fire-water. An encouraging sign of growing pros perity among the Italian people is found in tho increase of deposits m the savings banks from 9-1,000,000 francs iu 1855, to 445,000,000 in 1874. The increase is iu the part of the country north of Rome. A verdict has been rendered at Auburn N. Y., in favor of a man who recently sued the New York Central Railroad Co., asking damages for being ejected from a drawing-room car, mto which he had gone because there no seats left iu tho ordinary cars. A man in Nevada, shot bv robbers, re covered consciousness in time to hear one of the rascals say, "Had we better shoot him again '(" to which another re plied, ' No; I guess the cuss ia dead." He wisely kept quiet until they nail do parted with their booty. When a Denver husband misses tho wife of his bosom at meal timo r.owndnyf, he don t yell forthepolice, or rush wound the neighborhood asking everybody if they have Been Mary Jane. He just walkes down to the auction room, jiuts his head into tho door nnd sings out : Mary Jane, them beans is biled 1" In the First Lodge of Jeruslaem, it is said, the master is an American, the past master an Englishman, tho senior war den a German, the junior warden a na tive, the treasurer a Turk, the secretary a Frenchman, the senior deacon a Persian, and the junior deacon a Turk. There are Christians, Mohammedans, and Jews in the lodge. They have a way of doing things at Pottsville which may bo fun for lookers on, but it is death to the lawyers. A party of Germans had a suit at court which went against them. They be came so enraged at this that they chased . their lawyer into the sheriff's office, and he only escaped from them by jumping out of a window. The chairman of the vigilance coni mittee; who was instructed to duck an obnoxious citizen, thus reported to his constituents : "We took the thief down to the river, made a hole in the ice, and proceeded to duck him, but hu slipped out of our hands and hid under the ice. All our efforts to entice him to come out failed, and he has now had his start om hours," V
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers