(7
fell
ELK COUNTY THE REPUBLICAN PA ItTT.
VOL II.
RIDGWAY, PA,. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1872.
NO. 36.
POETRY.
BESSIE A WD THE SQUIRE'S SOS.
Bcatle was fair at fair could be,
With a smile for every one,
And many there were who knew full well
She would marry the squire's ion.
The equlro't sou was rich and proud,
But to Bessie he bent his knee :
The village gossips tho story told,
And my heart was Bad. Ah me 1
Bnt I worked away at my blacksmith's tradet
Lest thinking should make me mad ;
And the squire himself drove up one day
" Come, work with a will, my lad ;
For BcbrIo, the villa tie bolle. will ride
On the horse I now want shod,
And my son shall hor happy escort bo."
I answered him with a nod.
Ah. well 1 I remembered many a time
When Bessie had walked with me.
And how I had hoped that some bright day
We eould nearer each other be.
But I did my work, and when day was dono
I turned on niy homeward way,
Wondering what the young squire had said
To Bess as they rode that dar.
The skadows grew long, and longer still,
As I neared a low-barred gate.
Where, when wn were better friends than now,
Bessie for me would wait.
And thinking of that, ray eyes I raised,
And the dusky hour grew bright.
For there e-he stood, with her own dear smile,
Waiting for me that night.
The stars above, and the sleepy birds,
Wero watching us there, we knew ;
But little we cared, as tho shadows rolled
From hearts that were Btill found true.
" And what of the squire's son t" said I.
M Ah, Will, did you quite believo
That Bessie would give her hand to ono
Whom her heart could not receive t"
THE STORY-TELLER.
AN EVENING WITH A PAWNBROKER.
I had purposely selected Saturday as
the best night to see the working of a
pawnshop in the most wretched quarter
of New York, and it was 0 o'clock when
I took my position behind the counter,
where I could be partly hidden behind
a bin should I wish to retire to conceal
ment. I had not long to wait. The first
comer was a lad, with a bad, hang-dog
expression. In his hand he hold a paper
parcel. Without a word he handed it to
the proprietor, who received it, simply
flaying, "Book i" The boy nodded. In
a twinkling the paper covering was off,
and a rather large volume in garnish
binding, with a good deal of Dutch
metal gilding, was exposed. " Life of
the Virgin Mary," said Mr. Medicis,
without opening the book or looking at
the title. " How much '" " Five," said
the boy. " Three," replied the capitalist.
" Eight," answered the boy. His name
and address were taken ; a ticket was
made out, the money was placed on the
counter, and this bibliographical trans
action was concluded in loss time than it
has taken to tell it.
Here entered a little girl, holding her
hand tight closed. Opening it, a small
paper fell from her clinched fist. The
child was not more than eight, and was
strangely silent. The assistant opened
the package, and two gold rings tumbled
on the counter. " Six dollars," said Mr.
Medicis. " Yes," replied the child, and
she had her ticket and the money. Were
they wedding or betrothal rings ' I shall
never know, for in a trice the rusty hin
ges of the safe creaked and they were
engulfed. Jostling against tho girl,
rushed in an Irishman, evidently a hod
carrier, as ho was powdered over with
brick dust. ' How much ?" he asked,
putting down a pawn-ticket on the
counter. " Fifty-eight cents," was tho
reply. " And here it is, sure," and he
placed the money in the pawnbroker's
hand, and in a second a coat was flopped
on the counter. " Poor Teddy's, it was,"
said the Irishman, fondly smoothing out
a crease, " and I hope the family will
never do it again." Then came in a
girl of sixteen, with luxuriant brown
hair tumbling over her shoulders ; her
eyes wero bright, but hor face was bold
and impertinent. " My overskirt and
polonaise, it ought to he ninety-five
cents." " You are right," said Medicis ;
"it's been here so often you keep
the count as well as I can." " That's so,"
she replied ; " but look here, Medicis, I
have lost the ticket for tho green dress
and gaiters ; do now look 'em up. I
want to sport 'em to-morrow." " I will
if I have the chance," replied the pawn
broker, giving her a bundle. " I'll be
back soon, then," said the girl, " after the
green dress." Now came in a woman
clad in tatters, with a velvet ribbon and
steel spangles bouud around her head.
She took a shirt out of a towel and si
lently placed it on the counter. The
assistant flirted it out, gave a lynx-like
examination about the collar and cuffs,
said " twenty-five cents," and the woman
took it and went. Somebody then made
his coming apparent by a loud and me
lodious whistle, and a happy-faced negro,
all beaming with smiles, entered. " You
see, Mr. Medicis, I'se come after de old
woman's shoes. Here's de ticket. How
much ?" " Forty-five . cents," was the
reply. " Golly ! here it is ;" and a pair
of coarse shoes were handed him, when
suddenly from a joyous expression he
collapsed into one of the most intense
anguish. "Dey was two laces in dese
hyar shoes, and aiu't none now." Then
plunging his hand into one of them,
again his lace was on the broad grin.
" OU ! here dey is, all two both of dem
laces, stowed away i de toe part. Good
night, everybody ;" and I heard the
whistle as it grew fainter and fainter in
the distance. " Now I'm after me skirt,
plaze," said an Irish woman, with a key
.in hor hand, "aid here's my cash, and
what'd ye be after taking for that bit of
a shawl wid the sthripes 'i Would forty
cents buy it '" " Yes, ma'am, it would.
You have asked the price of that shawl
every day this week," replied Mr. Medicis,
who sells unredeemed pledges. " Forty
cents ! and it's a dale of money. Well,
kape it a bit, and I'll call Monday."
Just then back again came the little girl
.who had pledged the rings. "Lost
ticket," she said. "You won't find it
here ; go home. I know the goods, and
no ona shall have them but you, even if
they do lind the ticket," was the answer
she received.
"Do children mostly coma on these
errands ?" I inquired. " I should be
afraid they would have their money
stolen from them, especially in this
neighborhood."
" Not a bit of it," was the reply.
" They are quite as well able to take
care of themselves as you or I. The pa
rents send them and say to me, When
my Billy or Jenny comes, treat them as
you would us.' "
" Now, sir," said a tall, lank woman,
with an imperative voice, "my bed
spread and let's be in a hurry about it.
Here's your old dirty bit of paper."
" Money first and goods afterward.
Eighty-eight cents is what you have to
pay." " Eighty what '( You are fun
ning. It's a downright swindle. It can't
be but seventy-five cents." " Well, ma'am
seeing you had eighty-five cents paid
you, which is written on your ticket, it
seoms to me that three cents is little
enough to pay me for my time, rent, and
trouble." " Oh ! bother with your trou
ble. It's a swindle. If you was to kill
me, and rip me up, you couldn't find but
seventy-five cents in me." " If you can't
talk in any other way but in that dis
puting manner, leave the place. It is
always tho same with you. You are
either dishonest or have lost your brains."
" You had better say I'm drunk, and
nary a drop of liquor as has passed my
lips since last night. But don't be hard
on poor folks. It's only a bit of my
fun. You see when the liquor dies out
of you, it's so bloody cold, and its freez
ing of nights now, without a bed-spread.
Here's tho money, but sorry bit of meal
will the children have to-morrow." " You
mean sorry a drop of liquor will you
have, which is the best thing that can
happen," said Medicis, with an admon
ishing voice, as the woman took her bun
dle and left. " You speak about rent,
Mr. Medicis ; what do you pay '(" I asked.
" One thousand dollars. Rents are abso
lutely higher here than in some of the
best quarters of New York-" Just then
came in a crowd of children, who all re
deemed pledges, and there was a lull of
a moment, and I compliment Mr. Medicis
on the wonderful accuracy with which
he discovers the exact bundles wanted.
" Simplo practice and routine. I run up
to 20,000 numbers. Think I could find
most any package in the dark. I never
make mistakes ; if I did I should be
ruined. If I handed a cashmere shawl
instead of a pair of sheets to a customer,
of course they never would say a word,
but give them something less in value
than that which they have pledged, and
1 would have to smart for it. I am sorry
to say that, doing business here for the
last thirteen years, I haven't met ten
people who are square. Friend of mine
in the trade gave an old IriBh woman
some three dollars on a pair of poor
table-cloths. Ho lost or mislaid them
arid couldn't return the goods. What
did that old woman do ' Just Bwore her
affidavit that those very same table-cloths
had been the property of the Lord Lieu
tenant of Ireland, and that she and the
Duke of York used to dine together off
of them regular; and he had to pay
fifty dollars for what probably wasn't
worth five dollars at farthest." New
York Paper.
Shape of a Wheat Field.
Let our Eastern readers, says the Ru
ral New Yorker, try to form some concep
tion of tho way wheat is grown in Cali
fornia, from the following statement
gathered from the San Francisco Bulk
tin. There is a wheat field in the San
Joaquin Valley which covers 36,000
acres ! The crop this year is reputed to
average 40 bushels per acre, or 1,440,000
bushels in all, which would require over
forty ships of medium size to transport
it to market. One side of this " lot" is
17 miles long. When plowed, ten four
horse teams were attached to ten gang
plows, each gang having four plows.
Lunch was served at a midway station,
and supper at the terminus, 17 miles
from the place of starting. The grain
was cut by twenty of the largest reapers.
There are two other wheat fields in this
valley, one of which contains 23,000
acres find the other 17,000. Then, as an
offset to this magnificent statement, we
have this : " There are thousands of
tons of wheat which cannot be taken
out of the valley this season, and must
remain over, a dead capital, or, what is
nearly as undesirable, will only command
advances at heavy rates of interest."
And then, to show the wheat growers of
the Western States the importance of
providing for the consumption at home
of their product, by encouraging home
manufactures and diversifying industry,
thus rendering themselves independent
of foreign markets, we print a statement
of the same paper, dated Sept. 20, that
since Juno 28, sixty-three vessels have
left that port for England loaded with
wheat. Of this number, 15 cleared in
July, 32 in, August, and 15 more in Sep
tember to date. Before the first one
reaches Liverpool, nearly, or quite, 100
vessels will be on the way, with their
prows pointing to the same port, and
carrying 123,000 tons of wheat. It adds
that, with sufficient tonnage, such a fleet
can be maintained for six months.
French Emigration to Canada.
A Paris telegram conveys the intelli
gence that a large number of the French
inhabitants of Alsace and Lorraine, who
have exiled themselves from Prussian
rule in the conquered provinces, or been
exiled thereby, sailed from the shores of
the parent land in emigrant exodus to
Canada. This is really an important and
most noticeable consequence of the late
war between France and Germany. The
French have not been aa emigrant peo
ple hitherto. They are, however, a
clannish people, easily contented, frugal
and soon at home in any clime. Should
they in their present sorrow turn their
faces towards the soil of the new trans
atlantic) Dominion in any great number,
very many thousands of their country
men may follow their lead. In numerous
districts of Canada they will meet traces
of previous French settlements, the pop
ulation of which may become rehabili
tated and improved physically and in its
industries by an infusion of new blood
from the primitive fountain source. The
local effects on this side of the Atlantio
would be very decided and apparent at
quite an early moment. N. Y. Payer,
A Story of Lorenzo Dow.
" It is something," said a friend of ours
the other evening, in a desultory conver
sation concerning Preaching ana Preach
ers, " to have heard that most eccentrio,
wandering, half-crazy 'servant of the
Lord,' as he used to delight to call him
self, Lorenzo Dow. I -never heard him
but once but that once I never shall
forget.
" It had been given out for weeks be
fore that at a certain day he was to be
at the little country town of O ,
where I was born and brought up, and
was to preaoh in the morning, in a pleas
ant shady grove a little off the street,
whose few scattering houses gave it the
dignity of a .' village.'
" At the appointed hour he was seen
coming down the main street, his long
brown-yellow hair and terrific beard
waving in the wind, and his small wild
eye flashing in the light, as he turned
toward the gathering, and ascended the
rough platform, and walked up to the
temporary pulpit or desk, which had been
erected for him. For although his ap
pointments were made six months, and
sometimes even a year in advance, I be
lieve he never missed ono ; at least, at
this time he had not, for I remember dis
tinctly his mentioning the fact.
" I was present with an elder brother,
who was a good deal of a wag, with an
eye and ear open to whatever was odd
or striking, and his risibles were greatly
excited at the hirsute appearance, and
independent, off-hand manner of Lo
renzo. " The itinerant expounder took from
his pocket a worn and very dirty copy
of the Bible a small quarto and spread
it upon the rough pine-board which
made the. top of hU desk. He then took
from another receptacle in his old but
capacious coat, a red bandana handker
chief, and wiped his face, which was
streaming with perspiration. He then
leaned forward, made a short prayer, and
prepared to begin his discourse.
" At this time my brother was desirous
ef changing his position on the tree;
so he climbed up to a higher branch, and
in doing so detached a dry and withered
limb, which fell upon the ground direct
ly in front of the speaker.
" Lorenzo looked up (and as he spoke
his red lips were surrounded by tho first
beard-mustache I had ever seen in my
life), and in a voice that must have been
a cross between John Randolph's and
Daniel Webster's, said :
" B-o-o-y-s ! up in the tree there ! be
still keep still or come d-o-io-n I . You
are like the dogs in the wmn-ger you
won't eat yourselves, and won't let tho
oxen eat !' .
" I needn't say that we were ' hush as
mice ' during the rest of the sermon
parts of which, by the way, were of ex
ceeding eloquence, if that can be called
eloquence which, however rude, has the
power of deeply moving the feelings.
" He spoke of the thousands of miles
he had travelled, at all seasons of the
year, often in storms and tempests,
through howling wildernesses ; of his
perils by water and perils by land, by
night and by day ; but never had his
heart failed him never had he shrunk
from his mission.
"Lorenzo had a keen eye for the hu
morous, and his satire was of the most
biting character. It was Dow who so
discomfited a brother itinerant who had
remonstrated with him for his eccentric
ity, both in his matter and his manner :
" ' I think,' said he, you had better
study your Bible a little more ; you don't
always get the right meaning. I think
you was mistaken, for instance, when
you told your hearers, the other day,
that under the old Jewish dispensation
all small crimes were punished with
cropping off an ear ; that it was a rare
thing to find a large assembly gathered
together, in our Saviour's time, without
finding half of them with their ears off ;
and that this was what Christ meant by
saying so often, " He that hath ears to
hear, let him hear !" '
" I never said so !' indignantly re
sponded the itinerant.
" ' Well, never mind,' said Lorenzo ;
' never mind now ; it has all gone by ;
but a whale congregation is seldom mis
taken !'
" Doubtless the whole story was 'made
out of whyle cloth,' to annoy and hoax
the preacher."
A Mercantile Decision.
Before the Supreme Court of New
York the following decision was render
ed: McCullough's Lead Company vs.
Joseph M. Strong. Upon the first trial
of this action in June, 1871, before Judge
Barbour, the plaintiffs were nonsuited.
On appeal the judgment of nonsuit was
reversed. The case came on for a second
trial. The action was brought for tho
wrongful dotention by the defendant
of a United States five-twenty bond
for $1,000, deposited in August, 1867,
with the defendant as custodian under
an agreement entered into between' the
planting and other lead merchants for
the purpose of preventing secret under
selling below established rates. In case
either of the parties was convicted be
fore an arbritrator, provided for in" the
agreement, of violating it, he was to for
feit his deposit of f 1,000, which was to
be divided and distributed by the de
fendant, as custodian, among the other
parties. The agreement by its terms
was to be binding for five years or until
ten days' notice in writing should be
fiven by any party of his desire to with
raw from the association. In July,
1869, one of the parties (not the plain
tiffs) withdrew. The plaintiffs waited
ten days and then demanded their bond.
claiming that the agreement was termi
nated and the association dissolved. The
defendant refused to deliver the bond,
claiming that as the plaintiffs had given
no notice of withdrawal the agreement
was still in force as to them, and he had
a right to keep their bond till the ex
piration of the five years. The jury, un
der the direction of the Court, found a
verdict for the plaintiffs of f 1,365.
There are many people, now growing
old, who are more deeply touched by
some simple hymn tune .which they
heard in their youth, than by all the
operatio selections which could be offered
them,
Coining Money.
. 1 r -Dr.
MacKenzie in an article on coin
ing money, says : The metal (e will call
it gold) having been reduced, or elevated,
to a perfect degree of purity, is cast into
ingots, in crucibles of plumbago, with
the requisite quantity of alloy say
twenty-two parts of gold to two of cop
per. When a thorough amalgamation is
produced, by great heat, the liquid metal
is poured into iron moulds, from which,
when cool, it is turned out in bars
twenty-one inches long, one inch thick
and nearly two inches wide. A small
piece is cut from the end of each bar,
and this fragment is assayed. A small
piece ef hair, about an inch in length, is
put into One of two scales, protected
from the dust by a glass case, and so
finely balanced this morsel of hair will
turn the scale. If the Mint a'ssayist, thus
weighing the gold, discovers impurity in
it equal to the weight of that inch of hair,
he would reject the whole bar. This as
say of the gold is rigorously performed
several times before the coin is delivered
for circulation.
The bar of gold having been declared
to be " all right," and of tho requisite
fineness, is now ready for the rolling
room. There the first thing done is to
clip off the ends with a huge pair of
scissors or shears the theory being that
such ends are subject to undue contrac
tion in cooling, and the fact being that
coin produced from these ends would be
" dumb," that is, not have the proper
ring. Tho bars are then repeatedly
passed between successive pairs of rollers
of hardened steel surfaces, driven by
steam power. By this action the length
and broadth are extended, and by grad
ually bringing the rollers closer, the
thickness is diminished.
As the bars become extended, they are
cut into several lengths ; each of which,
in turn, is passed through the rollers,
until it becomes a " fillet " of the thick
ness required for punching out " blanks."
Though the rolling is not very rapidly
performed, the workmen are careful to
touch the gold or silver only with thick
ly gloved hands. If you were to take
np one of these fillets, you would in
stantly know the reason why, for your
fingers would be as severely burned as if
you had drawn them across heated iron
bars. The heat generated in the opera
tion of rolling is very great. The finish
ing rollers are so finely adjusted that
tho fillets (or thinned bars) do not vary
in thickness in any part more than the
ten-thousandth part of an inch. The
fillets finally are put into the " draw
bench," where they are drawn between
steel dies, as in wire drawing, to the ex
act thickness of the coin required. In
the process of rolling, the bars are an
nealed, to remove the hardness induced
by the pressure.
The fillets are handed, when they
finally leave the rollers, to a workman
called the -" tryer," who punches a trial
blank out of each, and weighs it in a
balance ; if it vary more than one-eighth
of a grain in weight, that fillet is reject
ed. After this, if the trial be satisfactory,
a final rolling reduces it to what.may be
called " coin-thickness." Next the fillet
passes into the "cutting-room," whero
the coins are punched out of it by steam
and pneumatic pressure ; the fillets be
ing fed into the press rapidly, as each of
the twelve cuts out sixty blanks in each
minute. The scraps left after the punch
ing are called " scissel," and are taken
care of, to be remelted. Each blank,
actually an unstamped coin, is weighed
in the automaton balance which tests
twenty-three blanks per minute, and
each to the 0'01 of a grain. All under a
certain weight are pushed into a box to
be remelted ; all over it are put aside to
be reduced by filing. The correct blanks
are separately rung on a sounding-iron,
and thoBO which do not give a clear
ringing sound are rejected.
j nis ordeal passed, the blanks are
" milled on the edge by a machine which
raises or ribs the edge, and makes them
perfectly round. They are then filed, to
take off any wiry rising which the pro
cess may have produced. After this they
are annealed, to soften them before they
are struck with hardened steel dies, and
also put into a not of boiliner diluted
sulphuric acid, to remove any oxido of
copper irom tne surface. .Next they are
washed with water, dried with great
care in hot sawdust, and finally put into
an oven, at a temperature slightly above
inai oi Doinng water, These processes
produce tne beautitui bloom winch may
do oDservea in new com.
Nowthe blanks pass in to the stamping
room, to receive the impressions, on both
sides, which will convert them into coin.
In the Mint in London tho stamping
presses inane mucn noise, and convey
tne idea, Dy tne tremor which their con
cussion creates, that the building might
probably fall down. In the Mint at
Philadelphia this noise and this concus
sion are not perceptible. There are two
dies in each coining press. The lower
one is stationary ; the other is firmly
fixed into a screw, worked by steam,
which, each time it descends uuon a
blank, placed on the lower die, makes
tne desired double impression, techni
cally designated the " obverse " and the
" reverse." A steel ring or collar holds
the coin while it is being stamped, and
the impressed coin falls out as soon as
completed. A person attends to each
press, and regularly feeds it with a suo
cession of blanks. The machine does
all the rest seizes the blank, pushes it
forward on the die, holds it steadily
there, jerks down another die on it, with
a heavy but noiseless thump can mill
it, it required and finally drops it down,
General William Schocxer. Gen
eral William Schouler, a distinguished
citizen of Massachusetts, died at his late
residence at Jamaica Plain, near Boston,
He was formerly Adjutant-General of
the State, and for a number of years was
connected with the Boston press, notablv
with the old Bosson Atlas, the organ of
tne w nig party, oi wnicn ne was the edi
tor. He was one of the founders and
leaders of the Republican party in Mas
sachusetts, lie was a gentleman of sod
alar manners and wide influence, and
his death will be greatly regretted.
What are the Trouts!
The harvest is nearly ended, says the
Rural New Yorker. There is some corn
to husk, potatoes to dig, roots to gather,
apples to pick, butter and cheese to mar
ket, etc., etc But the farmer who has
carefully kept account with the different
departments of the farm can approxi
mately estimate his prohts tor the year.
What are they ? We do not ask this
question because we desire it answered
to ourselves, but that each farmer may
answer it to himself. And if he finds
out there are profits, we hope he can put
his hnger on his ledger and tell just
what crops did, and what did not, yield
him his net revenues.
This course we deem absolutely essen
tial to intelligent, economical, and pro
gressive husbandry. If the blind leads
the blind they both fall in the ditch. If
man s corn crop has cost him f 1 per
bushel, and is worth in market but 75
cents that is, if he can buy corn for 75
cents per bushel, equally good, the fodder
he gets from the crop grown will scarcely
fill out the margin of difference; and
then, if he blindly goes on raising corn,
year after year, with no knowledge of
what it costs him, it will require the
profits he may derive from some other
crop to counterbalance his loss on corn.
Hut if he knows what the corn costs him,
and whence the profits he gets are de
rived, it will be an easy matter, com
paratively, to stop the leaks and increase
the profits the succeeding year.
Have the prohts been derived irom
economy, or from liberality of expendi
ture in relation to especial crops r In
other words, is there any one crop which
returned ?2 for every fl expended m
producing it ; and if the expense of cul
ture or tor plant food per acre had been
increased, would the profits have corre
spondingly increased ' Or has tho far
mer found the maximum of expense per
acre it pays to give to any one crop Y
These are interesting and profitable ques
tions for him to answer.
The losses of effort and time on a farm
are very much greater than most men
realize. The loss of time perhaps is
greater, notwithstanding the fact that
farmers work so many hours per day.
This loss is not due to the fact that the
time is not all or nearly all occupied, but
to the other fact that it is too often im
properly directed, is not economized and
hence is wasted. But if the time abso
lutely spent in the production, harvest
ing, and marketing of a crop is charged
to that crop, the husbandman soon dis
covers its value, how much it enters into
the cost, and will devise ways and means
to economise it that is, to expend less
time in producing the same results. The
trouble is, that in making up accounts
with crops too many farmers eUimate the
amount of time consumed in their pro
duction, instead of charging each crop,
daily, with the time actually expended
upon it.
The result of such inquiry as we have
suggested above will be to caues a higher
value to be placed upon time, to see that
it is not wasted, and, therefore, a better
direction of the effort or force expended
in - producing crops. The best ways and
means will be devised and adopted for
doing the most work in the least time
and at tho least expense ; for every
thoughtful farmer knows that just in
proportiou as he diminishes the cost of
production he enhances his profits.
Tho Latest Fashions.
A New York fashion journal says of
the winter styles :
" A toilet for a concert or soiree is of
uttwWe-colored faille silk. It is trim
med up to the waist with narrow pinked'
out flounces. A short tonio skirt of
white lace falls lightly . over these
flounces. The low bodice has a small
plaited basque behind, and two points
in front. The upper part is richly trim
med with white lace as well as the
sleeves. The toilet is completed by a
wide scarf of white crepe de Chine,
edged with a double row of lace, headed
with a rouleau ot licopode-coloTea silk.
" Dresses of light-colored faille and
drop de soU are frequently trimmed with
sashes and bows of velvet of a darker
shade.
" For walking costumes there is a new
and very elegant style of casaque or
polonaise. It is made long and very
slightly gathered-up on either side of
the back, ltus casque should be made
of some very light-colored cloth or cash
mere, and trimmed with velvet of the
very darkest shade of the same color.
The velvet appears in the foils of the
retrormis, and on the revers of the bodice
and cuffs upon the sleeves, as though' it
were the lining ot the casaque, and this
is very effective. The outer edge of the
casaque is bordered with tur.
" One of the nouteavtesoi the moment,
for ladies who remain late in the autumn
in the country, is a sporting jacket of
dark blue cloth, ornamented with gilt,
This looks very stylish ever a skirt of
kilted, black silk, and a Jean Bart hat
of black velvet, with long scarf veil of
blue gauze tied round the crown.
" Another innovation is extremely
elegant; it is a princess pelisse, with
small round hood, and it is made of
dove-colored silk, lined with blue, but
toned down the front, and ornamented
with blue bows on the sleeves, and
aiguillettes upon the shoulders.
" This pelisse was worn over a skirt
of dark-blue Amiens velvet, with very
deep-plaited nounce round the bottom,
headed with three satin rouleaux. Satin,
it is more tnan probable, will not en
tirely disappear from the programme of
tashions it shows oil lace to the great
est advantage, it reflects the beautiful
old point patterns like a mirror. But
moire is now appearing as a nouteaute.
after being laid aside as quite old-fash
ioned .
" Moire dresses, however, will not be
made now as they wer formerly. Moire
antique is made up with velvet quilks
over long-trained skirts, and with e
habit-bodioe in the Louis Quatorze style
" The new winter costumes include
coats, gilets and jackets, with variously
cut-out basques, which does not mean
that the polonaise and tunio are gone
out of fashion, for modern modes are as
varied as they are elegant.
Letter from an Army Officer.
The following letter from an army
officer to a well Known pbulisher will be
found of interest :
Mr. Bonner Dear Sir : In the spring
of 1868 a disease broke out among my
cavalry horses at Fort Sumner, New
Mexico, that appears to me identical
with that now raging among horses in
our cities, and in a very few days be
came an epidemic.
At hrst it dehed all treatment, and
tho great majority of the horses attacked
by it died. On examining the throats
of tho dead horses, I found the lining
membrane of the larynx highly inflamed
and thickened, and a thick mucous pus
filling it, causing suffocation. I ordered
all horses on the first appearance of the
disease to be thoroughly rubbed between
tho" lower jaws and along the larynx
down the neck with spirits of turpen
tine, causing a very severe external irri
tation and Mister.
I saved every horse thus treated, and
in a very few days entirely broke the
distemper, and checked the epidemic.
1 do not doubt that thousands ot
horses, where this epidemic prevails, can
be saved by adopting this treatment.
It acts more quickly as a counter-irri
tant than any other remedy 1 know,
and relieves the fever of the membrane
of the larynx in a very few hours. Bo
sides, spirits of turpentine is always at
hand, and can be more readily applied
than any other counter-irritant. It
should be thoroughly rubbed in threugh
the hair to the Bkin, for a distance of
some twelve or fifteen inches, under tho
jaws and down the neck ot the horse,
immediately over tho larynx, lhe
remedy is severe, and makes the skin
sore tor several weeks, and tor an hour
causes great suffering to the hoise. But
it acts promptly and encctively, and in
my judgment it will be found the best,
and perhaps the only cure for this fatal
malady, causing such suffering among
horses throughout the country.
My love ot horses induces me to ad
dress you, and to ask you to give this
communication such place in your paper
as to reach the public in the most prompt
and general way, and stay one of the
greatest misfortunes now threatening all
communities, and destroying by thou
sands the noblest animal created for the
service of man. Very truly yours,
B. S. Roberts,
Brev. Brig.-Gen. U. S. A.
The Turkish Malls. , '
I went across the Bosphorus the other
day to Scutari, hired a saddle horse, and
took a ride in the country. ' As I was
leisurely trotting along I was startled by
a yell like an Apache warhoop. . 1 look
ed up and saw a dense cloud f dust
through which could be seen some men
riding at a gallop. I at once recognized
his Majesty s mail train. 1 drew up my
horse in a convenient place and waited
for it to pass. I don't know how the post
drivers drive when there are no specta
tors, but when they see travelers ahead
they put their beasts into a gallop, and,
with flourishing raw hides and terrific
yells, assume every appearance of pre
cipitate haste. They dashed past me
and in a few moments were out of sight
in m j' ivni, xuuro was ma - taiLtM. ur
route agent, as we should call him ; the
surrahu " or driver, who did the whip
flourishing and yelling, and a half a
dozen or more horses loaded with mail
bags. The driver and tho horses are
changed at Bhort stages, but the tartar
performs a feat of horsemanship that
would prove rather severe to a novice.
He rides from Scutari to Aleppo, without
stopping for anything but change of
horses and meals. 1 his is a ride ot ten
days and nights, during whish he getsno
sleep except what he can get in the sad
dle, with his horse picking his way in the
dark over a rocky pathway, or a break
neck ledge, or trotting or galloping, if
the condition of the roads admit of it.
There are several things I would rather
be than a tartar in tho Turkish postal
service. 1 said the tartar rodo to Alep
po. I think he goes clear through to
Bagdad without change, but I am not
quite sure of this. The post for Bagdad
and way stations leaves here weekly. It
is punctual or not, according to the con
dition of the roads. It is safer than our
own mails, for it is the commonest thing
in the world to send specie by post, and
I never knew ot any being lobt. It it
BhouM be lost the Government is respon
sible for it to the sender. In dangerous
parts of the road the post has an armed
escort. The Government has lately in
troduced the money-order system, and
its provisions extend to every office in
the country. The post is also a sort of
parcel express, which is a great accom
modation to the public. Cor, Boston
Globe.
A Railroad Case.
A case of considerable interest is just
now being prepared for trial before one
of the Courts of California.' It appears
that a Mr. James C. Cutting, who is rep
resented to be an extensive wool-grower,
started, some time since, from Boston to
San Francisco, via the Central Pacific
Railroad. When he arrived at a certain
point on the route, he left the train to
make inquiries respecting the condition
of a flock of imported sheep. Having
completed his business, he resumed his
journey the same day. Subsequently the
conductor demanded his tfckut, but, on
examination, declined to take it, on the
ground that the rules of the Company
required that all through passengers
" stopping over " should pay a second
time. This Mr. Cutting refused to do,
and the result was his removal from the
train. Later on, the conductor of an
other train accepted the ticket without
comment. Mr. Cutting declares that by
the action of the first conductor he lost
the sale of forty thousand pounds of
wool, and suffered damage altogether to
the extent of fifty thousand dollars, for
which sum he sues the Company. The
question here involved is one that con
cerns every person who travels by rail
road, and its settlement one way or the
other cannot be too speedily effected.
' " Extending your shop front into the
newspaper," is the latest definition for
advertisement.
Crops In the United Slates.
A svnonsis of the October crop report
of J. R. Dodge, statistician of the United
States Department of Agriculture, indi
cates the comparative production" of
wheat, and the condition of the crop, on
the 1st of October. The record of tho
yield of wheat is quite as variable as was
that of its condition during the Summer.
Some States have made superior crops,
and . others almost the poorest ever
grown. '
Tho JNew England States have nearly
snstaine d their usual average. The Mid
dle States and .Maryland together re
duced their last year's aggregate from
37,000,000 bushels to 24,ouo,Ul)U,or thirty
five per cent. The Southern States,
from Virginia to Tennessee, which wero
known to have increased largely their
wheat area, appear to have enlarged their
production fifty per cent., or from 18,
009,000 to 27,000,000. California has
increased her product at least seventy
five per cent. Minnesota and Iowa havo
made a material increase, while Missouri
and Kansas, the former growing Winter
wheat mainly, the latter both Winter
and Spring, Lave had a comparative fail
ure in both varieties. Virginia and Ken
tucky have had good crops, while Mary
land and Ohio return diminished yields,
rs does the entire district between the
Ohio and the lakes, the Miami and tho
Hudson.
Returns have been received from coun
ties representing a large proportion of
the wheat of each State, which indicate
an increase of about five per cent, over
the product of last year, which was esti
mated 230,000,000 bushels. It is prob
able that the completed estimate will not
fall short of 240,000,000 bushels, upon an
area little less than 20,000,000 acres. This
will make the yield between twelve and
thirteen bushels per acre, which may be
considered an average for tho United
States.
The increase in States west of the
Mississippi appears to be about 15,000,
000 bushels, or, in comparison with last
year's product 85,000,000 to 70,000,00
bushels. The central line of wheat pro
duction running north and south is this
year farther west than ever before, and
is nearly identical with tho ninetieth
meridian, which divides centrally the
States of Wisconsin and Illinois.
Nearly all the wheat produced be
tween this line and the Mississippi River
is grown in the western half of those two
States. The quality of the wheat is, in
most of the States, better than last year.
The percentage of product, in compari
son with last year, in each of the States,
is as follows : Maine, 109 ; New Hamp
shire, 08 ; Vermont, 95 ; Massachusetts,
00; Connecticut, 06; New York, 70;
New Jersey, 80 ; Pennsylvania, 60 ; Del
aware, 75; Maryland, 66 ; Virginia, 101;
North Carolina, 130; South Carolina,
113; Georgia, 180; Alabama, 133; Miss
issippi, 101 ; Texas, 320; Arkansas, 102 j
Tennessee, 200 ; West Virginia, 104 ;
Kentucky, 175 ; Ohio, 85 ; Michigan, 88 ;
Indiana, 101 ; Illinois, 98 ; Wisconsin,
121; Minnesota, 130; Iowa, 112; Mis
souri, 60; Kansas, 80; Nebraska, 140;
California, 175; Oregon, 108.
In States where the crop was short last
year, as Kentucky and Texas, the per
centage of increase is heavy. In Cali
fornia it is mainly duo to an increase of
area and a superior rate of yiold.
tcentaee of increase is heavy.
The Northwestern Boundary.
The arbitration in the matter of tho
Northwestern boundary, which was sub
mitted to the Emperor ot Germany under
the thirty-fourth article of the Treaty of
Washington, has been cemploted. In a
despatch from Mr. Bancroft, American
Minister at Berlin, to the Secretary of
State, the decision of the Emperor is an
nounced as in every way favorable to
the claim put forward by the United
States. It will be sufficient to recall the
main facts of the dispute which arose as
to the true intent and. meaning of a cer
tain portion of the Boundary Treaty of
1846. The forty-ninth parallel was the
line ot demarcation agreed on between
the two countries. In order to accommo
date Great Britain, which set np a claim
to Vancouver s Island, on the ground ot
its settlement by English subjects, tho
line along the parallel was deflected suffi
ciently southward to secure this compro
mise. There was, unfortunately, no map
drawn of the exact boundary, and Eng
land insisted that this deflection gave
her all the islands between Vancouver's
Island and the Continent. For this pur
pose she claimed that Rosario Strait was
the contemplated channel. America in
sisted, in response, that the Canal do
Haro was the channel. This would se
cure the United States the important
island of San Juan and others less im
portant. The deoision of the German
Emperor states that the Canal de Haro
is tho line " most in accordance with the
Treaty of 15th June, 1846," thus settling'
the matter definitely, and restoring to
Uncle Sam valuable territory.
Whipping Scholars.
A young and high-spirited teacher em-
ployed at a Grammar School in New
England, probably oppressed with the
fnonotony of her existence, endeavored
o vary it a few days since by pumniel
ing the younger children with a book.
One little girl, who passed through this
ordeal, was found to kave been injured
so seriously about the head and ears that
her recovery is considered exceedingly
doubtful. As soon as the circumstance
was made known to the trustees, we are
told that the belligerent teacher was im-
mediately dismissed ; but strange as it
may appear, nothing further was at
tempted to be done, with her. Instruct
ing young children is certainly calcu
lated to put the patience of teachers to a
very severe test, and if they should some
times lose their temper it is scarcely to
be wondered at ; but .it is a different
matter altogether when they break into
a violent passion, and assail their pupils,
with books. It is pretty well understood
that it requires persons of the most ami
able disposition to undertake the work;
of the primary departments of schools
and trustees commit a very grave error
when they employ those who are lacking
in this essential qualification. Ej.
change.