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PUBLISHED EVERY SAT,li t it': * :c,' . 31ORNING BY BANNAL:BI RAMSEY. - P-OTTSIILLE, •SOHIJILKILL COUNTY , PENNSYLVII
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iicra= il l s we as . : Vol. XLIV.---IVa. 30. . f .. , - - -- - . -,-- SATURDAIr . NECOUN - DKG el tilAr' 25 , 1868.• . -. f . . Single Clovies iSiii:Ce
or the beet In the State. ' • ' .'
i E - ...
. - 4^ Ai ' '-
V •‘,
1 • • - -
' '
1318 OF TIP - MINE:
t3PSA ANNI,Thi IN: AT'
• es_ e• T, NOT
0
CIA3IIB-•"-Babectivitign
Sr !We eoPili to one sam,
• '" 't "
Fdtten
00,
gar Genzymen and lictiool
el With the Jocraxix. at e ; 7• x
. l id within the year—over oae ,
i .)t4.268 OF ADP ,
Nine worth tea line, nevelt 11
For One 'quart of wen Ili
cans. we Stratton. St IX).
cents each. -.
One wpm ce kir
Two squaws,.....
Ttree ..
'tar, "
*dna flannel he pee cent L,
Lail riotlees and lines over
eat Ineertion. , •
Dir re rvezthienTente as per
eircelation of
bye
paper published tee
or PAtebare. and It Is now the,
la ?muffing'.
• Witt= tlwlast , Awe yeas the
doubted. end tt continues utter
AL / ver tigo* inediuto 1t a one of
I. LEGAL NOTICES:
Iluvraffer iv ,ID R T Vailsed latwers.
5 Ruistress Merritt IPgatusylvasa.—PSTEß
BOWI I AN. liebano,triti, Schuylkill Oanty, Pa.,
Wattle Pittitire• 'Atm bta discharge, a meeting or tied
,Mora will be beld on the ad day of 'A 11 , 56. et 11,
• 14'aka A. M. before Regbter JOHN' P. HOBART, at
0. 14, ,Centre street. In the Borough of PpttiMlie.
that the rumination of the Bankrupt may be_gulabed.
'Me Register will terdly whether the Bankrupt has
' renfonntd to bit duty. A bearing will aim be had on
0 edneeday 'the tek day of August, 1865. bekge thr
- 0,,,,,t at phttadelphla, atIO redo& A. M.. when parties_
.tnterested may shout CUM 11111111.4 Me disehdrger• .
Witnowl. tionombre JOHN,CALIWALApiItR. Judr.
~,,,1 the seal,of th e Conn at Pbbidelptata, this 14th day
„, Muir, A. 114-1..C.5. O. R- Fox, eierk.
, attest: JOHN P. HOS-ART, Register. I -
`,Futy-16: •C 8• 29011• .1
--.--,„ ,./ . ..c.. st. MARSHAL:B OFFICE. I, t •
-•- PiIII.ADIMPULL. July 16. 150.4. f
ry 1 hi• ia tinier isilltilMt That on tbe .15tb day
~ I'of July. A. , D. 1805, an allm warrant in Baulteuptry
... - ‘,.*.hetierl:tivalust the agate of HlitAlt B. PRRAfi:of
ht , i sodosn" e.ty,- In the °aunty of echuyikul. and
>;.t.• 'p( Penno.ivinis, who but been - adjudged a Bank
„,,,/ „xt ht. psep petition; that the payment of Any
deli's and delivery of any property belengtng to and
kkunrupt. to him or for his use: and the transfer of
nny property by- him are forbidden by law; that a
EtE,VIIIIV-C1( the emaittors of the said Bankrupt, to prove
their debts. and melloose one or • more' assignees of
f 1... ephite r will he held anti (emit of Balikruntq to he
a.,‘ I,len at the Onice of JOHN P. HOBART, Peet”-
rate, Pennsylvania, before. JOHN P. HOBART, Bugg.
ter. on itte,Stb day of August. Bt D. 1868, at lOneckak,
A. ti P C. ELLMASER, C. S. Marabal as Meoweager.
JOY l'S .44 '' \ • . 29-St.
rhowiroicw towel . ow wow tell.
lit red ettailies, Stwasteria Illtaartut WI Peaks
•rivorstro.. • , - • • . -
HENRI( B i t,of tbe Borough of Ashland, Schuyl
kill County. tasyl'.ataut, Bankrtipt, - bsving petifkan
. &tor hls (Recharge, • meeting of creditors will be'
,to It Monday, the 3d day of Magma, 1568, at 9 tieback.
A. At li bel - ore Register. JOHN P. HOPIAIPII, at hie
imre, (Vette Street, Itttevil le, ra: that the enatnina
a.,n of the Rankrerat may be draWd. •
The Retrilter will testify whether the llmittpt 'has
runformeeto his duty. : A bearing will alma bad on
Welin gust 1 9th A. D. 1508, before the Court
, at Philadelphia, at lootclock. when parties interested
may chow ranee against the discharge. - ,
~ '.....- ~•' Witnem Efon..John Cadwall , Judge, and
..1 ~. a t the seal at : the Court of Phil
_Obit, Joly 10,
a i r
t . J 1565. 1 , G. R. FOX, Clerk./
••---,-. Attest-40m P. Hobart., Register.
JuSrlo .GS .
29-31
rsh • •, *vie give Notice's That on the 20th
.I . day 14-Jane, A. OAKS,* Warrant in Blnkreptcy
war: lettarxi ageing the estate of JOHN H:BRAPEBN
ei New York City, in the County. of New York and
state of New York. forinerly a member Of the Ann of
J. H. Bracken 4 Co, who has been adjudged
a tiabkrept, on his town petition ; that the payment
of any debts and delivery of any property. belonging
tb each Bankrupt to him; or for his we, and the trans
ter of any ;inverts by him are forbldden by law that
a meeting of the Creditors of the said. Bankrupt' to
prove.their debts: and , to chooser one or more Assignees
of his estate, will be held at a Court of Bankruptcy, to
be holden at No. 7 Beekman Btireeti corner of Na.au
street, Rooms a - Mid 4., In the City of New. York, be
fore Mr. JAMBS F. DWIGHT, Register, on the 29th
day of July, A. D. 1868, at 12-o'clock. It . .
- r It 11UPHIAY, •
.
time:
U. S. Idmahal;* er Ekvithern . District of
Nev Torkt • l : , , Jaly 'll3 'OB -4S-21 •
newillrirtyr.cottla of 'Us Itti. Phalli's.
- .IUF RABTElteliil'atCT OF .PENNSYLVANIA.—
DAVID BolirmA, of INahanoy City, ' Bankrupt, hay.
mg petitiened.fOills ilhmtirge, a meeting of =edit
or, will be held on Wednesday, the 29th day of July,.
I.G. nt o;o'cleck. A:rlifl before Register JOHN P.
BOBAhTi at Ms cake,: Ptittaville. Pa:, that therexam
inaticin of-said . Bankrupt may be finial:ed. antlany
hmtineas of meetings required bjwetkms 27 or 98 of
the Act of Congress trumseted. ; Tturßeeister will
certily whether the - , Bankrupt haijionfortned , to hie
duty, A hearing wilt be held on WFoineadiy, August
111th. A. D. 1 , W,, befere the Court at Philadelphia:. at
.10 o'clock A. N., When Patties ley show dame against
ow discharge. i I
Witness the Hati.!John Cadwaladee Judge Of
leallthe odd Distriet Court and the seal thereof at
Philadelphia litii - 9th day ,of July, A- .14
'1 _1 •G. R. PDX, Clerk
Attar - . .tritiNt tr. HOliAltT, Water.
July 11, 1369
IR TIME DialTahteT EA5.111,7 OF TIER
!lotted faint,* for tlike Easter*
of Prositylvasilst:
JAMES 0 WilliAttllsON of Pottsville, Schuylkill
Connty. Pennyylvanlit, hankrnpt,' baying, petitioned
for htsdlscharee. a meettne of creditors will be held
on Wif.DNEE(DAY, the :anti day of 4011. 1000. at II
contact A. Xsyrbefore Register JOHN BOBART,
Sm.; at No, tat Ventre Street, lit Pottsville, Perms'.
that the examination of the Bankrupt may 1w
and any btrainess of m,eleting• reynlred ; by 'sections
or 2f of thei.Act of Coitereya, transacted.
The Rechrter will certify, whether the Bankrupt has
scinfOrnatd to his duty. A hearing will also be had on
WEDNZSDAY, the, irth day of August, IRIS, before
.the Court at Phtladeltibta, at 10 o'clock, A. If ...where
paitles inuir6sttd : natty show cause against the dis
charge.
NWltneeelfcmorable JUDGE CADWAL&DEE,
lodge, and local of the Cr - It •Ptilladel-'
COMOit.,— -..., mat or the Court at
'JtIV /0, &I'D. 1648. • -
. • '•• G. R. FOX, Clerk.
Attest—JOiLN P. HOBART;;Reightter. c.....ti:
Jgly 11th, latis. • r I. - - 2S-St ......e
-;
TN TUE EDIT ICT COURT OF THE
R. United stimuli, or doe Zoorera Dlotoiri
. of Peannytr y asal ' ' -
_,_•. -,- '
. DANIEL lt .KA PPRIAN l of W troilism, Dauphin
:yenta,. Ten hail , Bankrupt,. , Bankrupt,. having petitioned•
la his dlitehargo, I ie3..of cre.dltetra will be held
Oil THURSDAY, th ' 21. 'day of July, _ leak at 10
o'c A. M., before ter, JOHN P. HOB&RT.
&q... t No: Centie Street, in Potttrille. Schaylkll I
count ' ..nsylvania. that' the - examination of .the
Bankrupt may r; „finished.' and any - business of mast
togs required by sections 27 or not the Act of Con
gress, tranaatted;
• The Heebner will rectify whether' the Bankrupt has
roulortned to•hte duty: A hearing will also be bad on
Wednesday, the,lllth day of August, 1862,• before the
Court at Philadelphia; at 10 o'clock. A. 11, where pu
llet+ intereited rosy show cause against the discharge.
Witness EIon.'JOHN CADWALADER, Judge,
d seal of ' the Court at Philadelphia. .
July 10th, 1268.... - ...
_ i '" • - (.1. - R. PDX . Clerk.
Attest—JOHN ; i'. HDBABT, Register.
• June 11. 'CS r 1 . CS-St j ••'
Ift TRU DINTINICT COURT thi TRH
. United Mutt's for the limners. District
of Peausylvasiis. •
JAMES CARTIER, of_ Tamagni, BeltitylMll County.
Pennsylvania,. Bankrupt, having petitioned for Ma
dile:barge. a meeting of :creditors will be held on
WEDNEgDAY, the 29th day of July', 1868, at 2 o'clock
P. ll...before JOHN •P. HOBART. at No. 184
tA;ntre street, intliel Bon:nigh of. Pottsville, Pennsyl
vania, that the exit:at:nation of the„ Bankrupt may be.
finished, and any business' of tneeljnes required by
sections 21 or 98 of the Act of emigres,. transacted
The Register will certify whether the , Bankrept has
.conformed to his duty. A hearing will•also be bad on
WEDNESO.AT. the-42th day-of Angost:l%B, at 10
wciock. A. IL, before the Court at Philadelphia,
where parties interested: may show cause against the
diwhallr • '
Witness Hon! JOHN OAD*ALADER, Judge,
k and seo of the Courts/ Philadelphia.
t f July 10th. : 1368.
• ' ' G. R. FOX, Clerk.
Attest JOHN P. Ii . OBART. Register.
July 11, ISG B . ' •
' rU. S. MARKHAVB OPIUM .
B. D. or Pniesn.varru,
periAonverta. July 6th, 1868.
This re to give Notice I That mill. 2d day of.
July, A. D. tede. a Warrant In Ban was
Wined Willed the Estate of PETRI' S. Y ARTZ, of
Philadelphia, in the Want, of Ptdiadelphls, and State
of Pennsylvania, Who his been, adjudged a Bankru . pt,
. on his Own petition ; that the payment of any detPte
and delivery of any propertf, belonging to such Bank
rupt, to him, or for his use, and the transfer of any
property by hinloireforbidden by law that itneeting.
of the Creditor+, of the said g Bankrupt tie prove their
debts, and to choose one or more Aesignees of his
Rotate, will be held.at a Court of Bankruptcy, to be
,texklen at 615 Walnut Street. Philadelphia, before J.
HUBLILY ASHTON, - Bag , Register. on the 6.2 th day
of August, A D, 1463. at le o'clock,
• P. C: ELLILAMER. U. B. Marshal as Messenger.
July it, 'GS ' t • . 2s-ti
ITN 'TUB DIVITUICT COURT OW TUB
1 United letatee for tbe Bastrrei Metrical
of Pewasylvaisla. IN BANKRUPTCY.
In the Muter col WILLIABSTINIt. Beni:rapt -
To Wenn It 'may concern:—The undersigned, Joo.
W. Mlah and Henry Saenk, of Lebanon, Lettshon
(..nary. Pennsylvania. ,hereby give notice of their . .,
appointment as assignees of the estate, of William
Sttne, of Bethel Tp.. In the county of Lebanon, la
id District: and who VIP, to
rapt,
the nab dsy
of April, A:l3. IS6B, adjudged hinimpt, upon the pe
tition of himself by •the District Coprt of t h e
BMus! Mates for the P.aatern Modeled Pen=
• Dated at Lebanon, the let day of let]. il. D. 1f .
-, eitwW any
July 11, '6S-91
NTOTIII6.IO — .—I,
i &buylklll Qs
MART HARRIS
Jos. E.
1161 Jane Ter.., IMS.
_ se. dlies Bub:erne for a
BENJIMI
N HARMS. Disarm.
To the respondent above named:—Yam are hereby
required to appar at a Court of COMM= MIN to be
bel4 at lie, for the County ofon the
_ • Ann Monday of September next, to, answer 'the mat
plaint of the libellant In the above stated ewe.
. .
GISCROII C. WYNHOOP, Sheriff.
4 &entre °pee, Jule. llth.lBls. Milt '
VIITATIN Or DANL. gram a. or
eeneed.—Wheress, Letters of administration on
k the estate of DANIEL ISPANCIak late of
City Schuylkill , cattrity, deemased, bays ham=
• '
to toe naereignaV--All pets= indebted -to saki es
, tate are' irequested , to maka _immediate payment end
those haings-taltes against the frame to_ present titan
without delay to "• - BLUM' S PEr "n mas,
July '63-111.6r; 1906 Green D.,
NOTICE As hereby izivta fast bira eertato deed of
•A• trust, eiecated the Mb day of UMber, iSdT. the
_ undersigned was tilde the -Asidirtwe of the - ,Greist
gastrin Deteeese Horse and Lbw' Stock Ingram*
'Comb/lay. All claims said Ownpaity. mat be
presented to him LA setdewent. at' 888 Centre Street.
,Patssille, Pa. - A. J. 81.10 W, • •
April 11, !dB-184m• N.• Bth St;Phtitgla. •
'lpoirrisviLLie suites - L.4os* KICT.
—Lulea Retemeat iet' Receipts.
• • Reerfpts and expearlitures ter Sokoti - Efor endirtg tie
gra Moisday Of Jails; (lat.) 1869.
Tax-rate for 1967-ge. 14 Mills Am a *llar-4. for
lschool Lod 6 tar bsEldiaac ty
mes, . .
_
freak pariietti l $4,066 .3
(Avis Amt. tax 6 6 P .6 4 8 . 174 e, . ea,41V52
Less errors. retur n s. exalters- - .
• Vie . .7
Ups 4pollectoiii - Coisaassiot,. : 77 . ..1
, .
1.39,8 t9;I•
. .
. .
v -------15,01t 10
State approprialtoi for le-lIT itc.... 81 7. 10
PENDITURIN.
...,14.611
"MB Ed
IN fa
NOW
Paid 32 lieietien - •
Janitors and *weepers.--
." *Jr task •
seeretarrs maw •
" Ira ncidentals, tell nndaald-
Ged
gittiensea,)...:..-
" Bond a Int. sat. 2.499 00 ' 1 • -
•! for lota parcbased. .1,911." 00
' "'.lw re-both:UN-1r- -. .i' '
, .
• .. weg'n ha." IWO 96 '
tartiWWDE O .
!do - -
199 09 - •
" tents, moat out • ; ti
' timorsaca,.l.—• -
.3,2iS Pi '.-.
0 lotPlvlt. trilling
tenethe n tratri ' V • •
..:
Imp. to out'e, 2,219 84
WIN ell . r
titt VS
'18,414 80
eizawion vieL
•
Balite:eV' tat, "OW 1.030 1 5
• - 1111711 - STATIVICS.
What* No: el arboola. (lettedise 1 colored.). : 44
Taught by el teseben. Gt* olds and dd t ko=
• and I taste Gamed Setadldeadest.
teats. treat Sept. La to Jai" WOO moat)*
Whole six a pot& dtotalt Year OM =aft "
• iste kamais._ =1 • • .
Average auisiguoce;gll ''''''''' 1313
ruxamyyliL ot male tesebe es. lbe tom SW MI
s. • al
Arent out WS= Ox eta whoietrumbarat
. _ fowl
. mot* the wetly bad non tbe l aI=MS eat 7
• ?trees,' Including taet of teato. Mob*
eteleetve al eapradtatree an ballditat •
,ileeemat.
ems a 'tooth.
14b ra4lud elled A01 2 , d = 3ll.4 ftcOdl.' *
.;- a r
.-ar-rato tor yeas. Wpb, Wawa. a
• (*we :JO foe ictexd aya sod In badisr
!gee: ' pap
111.11011114 PrvidiNkt
jai ca t. te,riza Irma. Eery
I 11, .6 PLR
_
The: miff—The Warehousing
System—Protection to Amer
lean Industry:
i SPEECH OF ' ,
1 K.F.
.ki()N., lIENRY L. CA,
-r
' ' r mritenvniti, '
ii. ALI.. 4.... ... Illesreassitatites, Jai,
, 7. ISISS.
Ma., SPEARIPA : As i a tempentry mealeure
the reoommendation int the Committee on
Atantifietnres in relation to Abe ivar,ehoetalog
system is Jett and proper ; -hut in the interest
of the manurseturers and. prodneers,of this.
country the. practice of finding free storage
morn for simportat'orts that may or may, not
remain in the country and pay the duty ought
to beAlscontieued. _Until Ibis can be
done; in addition ,tri' interest 'upon the
unpaid duty, the foreign article should be
made to pay the same warehouse charges
that American production eneountera while
swatting tmnsportation enClt market.
As a partial-messure.ofjustice to the labcr
of this connery the proposition should encoun
ter no: opposition ; all "the more promo' ly
should Ibis suggestion be acted upon because
the tariff and the tai bills are probablyto
go over to December. - .
; Tike importer, whether foreign or Ameri
can; can complain of no injustice in this pro.
talon; for as American manthetorers can
got go into these national wirehnues for free
storage the system , is a 'direet-diseriminstion
against them.. A further and a more injariotit
dtactiminatibn atgainat the American manufac
turer is found la , the fact that it requires
more capital to carry the American than tbe
foreign competing article, The foreign arti
cle ti -produced by the half-paid, or, if you
please, the pauper labor of Europe; Our
goods, costing Messina In 'hours and days to,
produce, cost double, in mast eases, in mo
ney,. for the reason that our labor is com
paratively well paid. On'the continent wiges
are much lovierthan in Great Britain. Bon.'
John W. Forney, in his "Letters from Eu
rope," gives the figures , ruining through all
the trades. Itnake free use ofthe'-valuable
informatice he furnishes . A,airifulty pre- -
pared newspaper article contrasts*" wages
paid in BOO* and 4gsv York: -.I
"The present pay oWechankes
will be found compared with i theM i s ta w
York 'artisans In the following r tible:
Dagium. Mw rest
4ltig4 cents per day. latt 0‘)
04,450 yenta per gay. • • t 00 ,
lkibre....
Miami
Bookbhiders—.
appeamlthr,..
-"The difference fn the cost of living in the
countries is not so great si is commonly
represented.. The luxuries of life. are ranch ,
higher heree'but, far actual necessaries the'
prices are about the same..!' .' . , ; •.
In Germany farm lebeireri are paid thirty-
Iwo cents. a day
-for menand - sixteen cebts for
women during the harvest season. The
work twelve hoursi-yrithqne hour rat at mid
day. Their dress and food are of the coars
est description: -Two pounds' of black. rye
brel, one quarter of a pound of cheese, and
half.aint of potato whisky, or Its. equiva
lent le wine or beer, tormlbeir diet. ;Three
times a wee `theyare allowed half's pound
of meat. ' Medianf -lye fromforty-eight
to fifty-four cents per • Meat costs from
ten@to fourteen cents a poun • ' flour; eleven
cents a pound •, and potatbes • - , ei?nts
for two hundred pounds The price o •or
has only Men -two per cent.- in ten, years.
The greatest burden,' however, is the heavy
tries laid utain every •claas. -.These tyres
fail heaviest upon the working classes and
'lightest upon the rieh . . .Ministert, teachers.
and Government 'officers pay 'nothing, and
labor and industry bear the whole burden.
In Prussia the. laws are more equitable, lint
all persons are taxed `at leftist three per cent.
onlbeir incomes, while a Workingman with , -
out property pays annually thirty-four-cents
f
of about o e day's wages.
. The co &Lion of Irish laborers hardly, r
''needs d riptlrrn.. Labor Is it, mete drug
througho t Ireland, and ii usually of 'the
'poorest k Mr, Wages are fearfully testi—for*
men, On e average, one shilling a day ; for
women ' 4r,vence ; • for children: -fourpence,'
or 'nothin : Skilled tweirkinett receive less than : .
ten Abillingi a week, abimt three dollars, of
our money. -1 The hones, dress. and food -of
the majority are of the moat wretched de-!,
1
scrlptlon. - , .
By this Is bean lin glance the di ff erence la
the- cost 01 production, and -how generous ,
we' are to the foreign manufacturer when.we
put up for him afire-proof. 'warehouse Its
which to store his gads produced at star
vation wages, while we exclude, ofir own
manufacturers frOm such benefits, 41tbou g h
they are prOduced at rates of wag.M always
vit the highest point warranted by the market.'
- The difference in `the coat of production la
never made up py the tariff. - The tariffs in--
tended to, but rarely ever represent the toll.
difference paid }to mechanics and laborers in
America end Btirope:' The whole tost of the
American article is borne at orice,'while 'the
foreign competitor is enabled to put his goods
into' competition,at the mere foreign ibst of
production, the daty.only being required in
'be pald'at the moment of sale and removal
trorn the bonded warehouse. The question
involves the .free discusaion of the tariff and
the 'tax bills. • • -
Not only as a simple duty; but because it
accords with my own conviction of right and
justice to the laboring. classes do I most earn
estly protest against the-postponement of the
subject.of protection as involved in that of
the tariff. There is now no more important
Abject before the American people; and,
whether my 'Mynahs be considered intent=
or mit ot season, I have no apologylto offer
for (intruding them upon the House-at this
time. 'My own position was taken upon this
question at a very early period, and as I study
.it in all lie bearings and Worm mtielf more
completely in regard to its importance, as my
means and opportunities are from year '0
yeur" - eularged, my early .convictions are
strengthened, and Lam confirmed In, the
opinion -that in no other Way caw Congress
so well save the mechanic and laborer:acid at
the same time' contribute Kw KIWI 10 the
wealth and grans of oar country se '
vouchsafing complete protection to our NM,
our land, and our tabor. -:, - . .
The postponement of the-tag bill, tram.
which something of relief ZWm,, hoped,
leaves the question in all Its bearing s th,the
future. • • '
sir, so full of anxiety am I upon this sub
ice% that I am willing toktite. my polities'
fortunes' witti' any natty. honestly making the
advocacy orAmerican labor Its leading OW
ciple. This is not said in any demagogical
sprit.- The business of my; district depeai
so Much upon what is done here, and Upon
thelaetivity of the business of my district de
pends so much of my own iniimfort. that 1
may be open to the charge of pleading tinder
the spar of private. Interest. though God
knows'! would willingly sacrifice myself,lo
could setthis matter_ right for many suffering,
breaking hearts at home. ' .- i
The shifthigligicy of this Alovernmeit
Upon.the subject of the Will pada* sailer
fluctuations that disttitb our dernestielmine•
trier.A state of affair@ that stimulates the
anthill of oar Kepiss is followed by leg-
ion tending to cripple our Mattufactmers,
in
1;:ld
the vigorous arm. of the .. . • link and
,laborer is paralyzed. If ;• tie r • 1842
\bad beef-Jet alone, • this nation .• : • _of
inumberinelees than forty, would ban n -
betedoyer fifty million souls today ; .:
the dW;ict I represent, instead of less thin
two hundiiid thousand could have boasted
over hails million. Its latent wealth is equal
- kw the em ployment of over a million of natia:
lii be halfof the thousands who ors there
raww, -and idle half ithe time, I. propene to
apish this day ; and If what I hAins to say, is
to beveled effect; my efforts shill not there
fore be spa red , hereafter. Ant I shall continue
to caution the Mends Of protection in Con
gress to work together, and to withhold their
aid from other projects wham friends, favor
ing peacetscal legislation, -are always ready
to take a littlis off here and a little off there
until' we shalt have our tariff icut and carved
down to the destructive law of 1846, not the
least objectkutablit *feature of Which was the
warehousing arum now under cilacinslOm
Sir, I am not numlndful of the efforts of the
advocates of labor here.. Whelk I study their
stkoeohol &Mixed that dare nia &M-
I Awed , and that any Inflame of ophdou
should siditt as to the Me police of the Gov
ernmsentati ent.,
o f th My colleague clo , [
agMrran- Me 117,1 Berne
ve e fourth kmst districi .
of Peassyhrania, and by virtue of the variety
and value of his services here, representative
and idrocate Of the whole Commonwealth,
has onleutey occasions presented to the
Houle the wants end. claims of American
labor aad enterprise la .s maw Kid with
an effewa that might well dispense with any
retries:Which I can hope to raider tO Wale
ilitereste. Iffy other.wtgw, Dir. Xorreit,3 1
to whose mummy .1 am indebted fir the
Boor, has also found opOortunities far irking i
us the molts of an timumally IN=
*MN in departmantsof ooduptibe
*lda invoirvis a pried* soquahalsos with i
thws whole range of Maguire that laterlook '
IWatitt central one width he hp . lin and
snootistallyoresthusedi Nor =NZ
been lacking o th er- *boded
of l'ana; •
*told/ suil Pa. In saltr il
Ibusineeelnterests WM& girt to the State it
representative ebareetat unioag. .. the' ids*
litatel of the tralkal.-übo, each Jablanwn,
etweelenth sad • 1 torther. aW_welLbe
wasted to illl aPtialvvPievatlave here '
liktid safihr so inoompletenosatiaok, de
-1
any comfits:don from - inn - I would ,
'gladly swaps Abe etalitili PIOUS old
sersica,•hat there P are reasons why m y' adie
'should; berthrown In viitirthdi aissialeites—
oonsiliengiostiritiebroobstrainer
Ant i A g arystiemlatettiniatibitie - try
, to 00,004 songbiniar___#_i_i
i elatuil tank say:ig ray pews in the periarrn.
s'39.9sS $5
491:1 Tit
19,1,43 99
2:041 beats per " a 50
51(10pents-pez day. • 2so
$1 Coo per dST. • 550
44_41 - I — Z cents 'par day, 450
-El
•
a:seep( • duty eitirged alike by oul• respec
tive eoestitencits open u all. I
tr r
Theadention of bu beds ' Oolong
and so closely held the conitderation of
questions either y polliksal or Oo remote
ly connected wi theeconomic tixigeneiee •
of the times Walt 011! require token 'effort
to secure Us toned mind and direetion• of
thought demanded by the subjects'i involved
in the pest Libor question praising uptin us
now fors wigs and happy solution:'
, we have A tariff of import ditties to Wrap Re
in cOnfortdty with the sottedlirin i Zples and
policy of in trade, the details of.
"gf.. difficult' in Omen ves, Are
betides greatly. cam 1 by. a Aecestery
edit:unmet to,this 000 tis 'poem 4t Intend
duties which our, niii. debt an current
expenditure imposes upon our productive In
dustry- hind cirtionistiusees, indeed, can a
sound system of foreign trade be eitebllthed
without regardln drimeetie nehistl4or.the
yrou perity eta coon eves •if en _ free.
from national debt, ;
the resat,
.g burdens
upon its industries, needs some protection,
coma guardninaldp, I mew genera poliei ,t ,
aye, some taming owl fostering bare; for,
'if every mass& and every metchaal mat
consider his businesitrelations and rivalries,
or the'demand and supply of litaislieeighbor
hoodo e shape its
nneh, more net. a ninon
industrial policy to - state' require
ments of is home and supplies, and
to the foreign het on with ha or y
pabilities and ' ties._ • ;
Ws coned dud labor is the * •
4
source•of all weal ; wealth beiter nothing
less in its broad* deepest meaning than
"the measure of 's power over nature ;"
power omit he man limb the earth
and all its agentlee in resistance Ito his do
minion, : and .hence the idgnificance of the
original 'command Oen to the representa
tive of the rue; "to, subdue Unseen's?' This
is the mission sad eotntnisikm appointed ind
enjoined; and labor, le its trident meaning,
labor el f and, mind, labor natural and
artificial, the work of human hand, andthe
' help of natural Lim subdued to hoe=
service ; 'labor of every kind -whicir 4 tinan
-commands is the agent by which the detain
ion 61 the earth is addeved, and this doinin
inn is wealth. The wealth. or.th — othe
*ads, the welfare Of a nation, sided thus
out ol Its labor, that labor must be the pri
mary and 'principiii leare of human - iocietles
if they would not abandon thelefortues to
4 chauce or to the control. ofAdurse Interests
-and warring 1 polkiles,-- And if there be any
such opposition' of interests among nations
as 'exists -among individual&
'Government( 1 UM men, must ma
dder and provideogathst them. Out of this
dependence opon - the prosperity of labor and
-ittisitional competitions arise the necessity
and the• justification*dense, protection,
and earpeid guard! . Householders
lock their -doors spinet intruders. and if
they admit a drug to the W,ms of th eir
`domestic concerns t is andel\ the restraint
of their own authority. Parti. build fed
ea to protect their a l ua llaids. from, strisy • cattle,
and Governments gullet fortsato l l / 4s iavies
for the defense of their-territories a th
=r
vasion, and all men record their tit e p tkine '
for the-security of their rights of property.
Thus defensive means and mesterei are
far from being uncommon or unwarrantable
that they are tinivertsel In the concerns of in
dividual life; and that aggregate of individu
als which we call i nation his a clear au
thority for taking a like care of Its general
Interests ;L and this is all the stronger that
the interests- of the individual ere all at risk
In those, of the community.
But let in not tire you with, the gene rall
tiekof the:. pri nciple
industry
which the policy of
&lay ani l ir i ns e ally iustry riA li tnt :retie - -
Ides, and are both complex _and
.nu
merous. Pe are much modified in
, thiir operation,by matinees and contin
gencies, and for p ti - they must be
met where they eve .•• , in and effeeta.
Indeed. I w ou ld rat ' ' the
into details, Into .istory and ex
than rest it where oar antagonists usual
confine it,. in logi. and abstract propos
Ilona, however ~ . , I hold It to be In phi
losophy as well as ip practice. • _
' Let us for a moment look at the doctrine of
1 protection In theaspect usuall presented by
the enemy. Ex —emro a a gainst them, if
the experience of all prosperous nations be
'Omitted to the sou and true. The facts
which ;or front them are that tio nation which
to-day holds a high and respectable rank in
wealth and power on the earth has, dining,
its stage of growth, Mowed the (policy ol"
free trade either in form or effect European;
especially British, literature and speculative .
.philosophy are I down to - the
oacl tio
\ wster's
edge with argnm,eis r don against the doctrine
of protection ; but policy of the British
islands had no suchfreight liboardWhile they
rode the tide of soccessfal experiment. \
.11,1,
need not enter in the proof of this . asset:
don; for no one di utes it. Bat the utility,
as well as the prin pies of protection are de
nied by' those who mild confide its theory.
English free-tride have the boldiassa to any
now that the inarit me supremacy of' •Great
Britain was achlev hot by aid of her navi
intim lases. bat In plus of. them ; and „that
England made haul, "the workshop dine
world' in like man lei, - in spite of the protec
tion of domestic It dewy, which the math-
Weed for five.centuries;from•tbe time when
Flanders was Europe's workshop and Eng
land-was ;selling her raw materials aid buy
ing back the skille4 labor of the Continent
until the time orb she became ar Importer
of raw material .. a vender of the labor
and skill and of• • power and prod_ oats of
natnral throes to al '
the world. I -How, some
hois English" mann . • did Igroi - to over
topping pr. . s , " s . under her System of pro
tection; rotkibiti. . and bounties, !net, only
absolute , hut relatively, to the early Uwe
macy of affix and the southwestein half - of
Earcpe. And the only ground ter; affirming
tbat the policy under .which this -wonderful
anroms was secured was not the ctause *and
i
the means is simpl that it was—no , that it
is—unphilosorshica ; a conclusion that would
be just as valid if e were to affirm-that the
adhesive - bids don which iceompanies
the restoration 'at 'broken bone is Unhealthy,
and the splints In bandages only so much
impediment' and I minuet,: because they
; are notnecesisy `she saund.ixondition of e
h
limb. But tree-trader' are not only poetical
l in respect to principles; they are abitually
and utterly Mine* to facts.,
rm
They point to Abridged schedules and
the din4isised of duty of the Brit*
tarift iti &lam of theirltheorr
I They, spy ht so to y words that the English.
system is now ar t they are plaited to call
L free trade. 0r - saris that it is not now
lend never has free trade in Principle or
purpose, la' any opposed to Protection,
4ighdy and •
Protection is o IY *and simply defense.—
The Esqldmeux eed no, defense foe theti
production of war beef. their reindeer or
seat-skin: trade. ew York.needs no defense
for its ,dilly -- ' nor Massachusetts,
r for its PA' - toeing** 'effree
'tesde nor of!
these - cons,
_..i
modities In i Nor dri
1 they any mot ly product of 'skill
In Bulled f hast e h stattunlits
acquired sv Ito* market
Free trade , 1 proteedba—that Is,
free trader elsonothicai prthel
pki,-asffer " • foothbld to Reg
lad, nor, ti • sweialined, he
it 'kept complus , . - and pro..
gteashenata to \ last quer
ter of a country within in
its spirit or felloWahlis
with the r qes look
' ing tii - r
lumen
of Em
laws,
soma
Which ,
country
hold
and or '
prime
This
lIOMb
Blinal
/ have
peladplf
go tart(
taken
say*/
idiots
WWI
thereld yet
eon of
ration
Idy.
•= l" tot ti tis
plodiw -
stardy
know,.
cla bi
show y.
istik
= 1 "
_._ . _
, moor—
_till 1
_- 4316§nTimid
:.-aitatim
=
1 41 0 " . - ft aid
A Wefts. Bid
iliAllidayLadiled Unlit,
MONon a th. , teem. It
ism ftemibe but WOW
De to Itft *nip' kid, iio ,
of Ole •
We volley
tq tbe,cumi- 7 4W.
maybe
Plionem hi •
tat, but So tar only, w that practice really
.extends; but this policy in no degree disclo
ses thempirit or aim of beecotnmerclel aye
-Ulm even to the extent re its seeming appli
nuke. It is `not free trade that she wants,'
bit cheap raw material and Cheap provisions.
Vntil' within the lid the k& twenty years
her System 'stood firmly upon protection, ei
factedthrough fines, penalties, prohibitions ,
and luiport , datlea, high enough alwaye to
aecurelor her the mmumoly of her home
market and those of alther colonial depend-
1 30 Z
- i
system of protection embraced - food
cm well as fabrics, and until .the towns mas
tered the countryand the mUlocracy over
topped the landed aristocracy, the conces
sion had to be 'made by the inannfecutrem
and traders to the land.owners. Tne ono.
littitra in policy; when itwes effected, was
really. male to secure free, that Is cheap;
?Or material, of which food , is mai more
important than even any os &lithe subtances
which ,be works into her minufectares.
IThe amities which may be called food and
dtink imported into the United- Hiked= in
thed; amounted to four hundred eW thirty
nine' million dollar', being Thirty-three per
cent._BTthe, total value of all the British Im
ports of tharyear„: But when the exports of
forelia_goods arerinteracted the food re
edned`risat to thirtf:dx and a half per cent.
of al tawatiodities impOrtettuat i commmed.
' To show how far British free Gide aims at
ebeip raw material for 'consumption and re-
prodection are have tie: striking fact that of ,
her toill Importain.lB44, which *mounted
to two hundred and *evenly-Syr° minims
pounds stating the neat:theme ancanted,
to no more than seventeen million pounds,
Or but six and three quarter per cent.,of the I
total foreign 11111101011.
The edifice of her indutdal: prosperity
havhig•been built - op under -protection to a
height that overtopped all the nations which
at fitsteurpseeed berth - her own sad In for
eign markets; her,suprenney(which certain
-11 eru attains -long before she relaxed' a
hair-biesfith , of her protective system of do-.
lies) smiled, and all its powers exhausted hi
Its complete victory, the nut advance step
toe tide= in order to preserve and extend
-her data:ikon in eiie_4,o Dude was -to obtain
-food •and raw met , vial at the chespratlcest,
hie rates that wages might be low ass enal
the price of the kireign materials to be em
• . atm and object, this endeavor, pushed
to its utmost capability, with no-other intent
titan the maintenance of tier courteous tor
eign trade splustthe rivalry of the Continent,
which has been loug her Senor. as well u her
danger, is glued over with the fancy name
id a•principle which she. and her -disciples
elsewhere so fondly call free trade; in or
der that herproved. ty, falsely credited to it,
may be used . to break down the barriers of
self-defense against her commercial eficroecli- ,
meats open the welfare Of thenstions •whom 1
she seeks to redueeto, and hold in, Ll:atrial
vassalage.- ' ' , . -: • ,
t
That - this is the spirit of her so-cal fide-
Wade policy iii in* farther evident by tier
constant and erer- growing policy of-shifting
taxation from consumption 43 accumulatiote
or the clear Savings of production.' This:is the
true secret of a continuous resort to the ha
#ime tax to cover deficits,of revenue, and'es
u Lt u o u iseet all
ex
demands
pe; hl
never looks along the progressive re
ductk4and remissions of imposrand excise.
duties which mark the history, of , English
legialaticnie\especially since the free trade era
and corn-Ise%repeal of 1846, will find that
the burden of ere reductions was invariably
shifted upon th e come tax when that would
soca, and upon It and epithet end malt
when the demand unusually large.l Sir
Stafford Northcote, w a member cif - the
I\
Cabinet. in his work on the "Financial Poli
cy of England, Ban, expresely, concerning
the imposition of this tar in tbe year 1846,
that "the /*ailment deliberately adopted it,
and that at the time when the \ tax was not
proposed as a measure of urgency: \ as in 1798,
or 'even in 1842, but it was calmlrighed
i e balance against cheap sa gacheap
glass, sap cotton, and the rest, and ~srt clued
to be a'prt worth 'paying for these - cones
veiling bean ' 9 ' This tan, always odio
and rightly d by Lord John It
as "a tax in which in . elitY, , vexation and
fraud are inherent," and at -I prosed by
the Government as I rentoorenv, ~etanye, to
tide the exchequer over , the ahsllo f-rev
nine, is nevertheless persistently ma . , ..
Not only to meet such exigencies as tholes
biinine year, the Crimean war, and revolts in
India bit even when so small an item is the
expense of the Abyssinian expedition some
what, increased the national expenditure we
find tliebliniater of Finance proposing to add
to- the present levy twopence in the pound,
rather than-put three < millions utiprovided
for upon any other objects of taxation, for
upoteany of these it would ultimately, if not
directly, burden consumptiOn; enhance wa
ges, and increase the cost 'of produCtion, all
of.whlch Is forbidden-by the necessity of pro
vidingebesp living . for labor, and cheap ma
terials and wager for manufacturing. This
policy of putting all extraordinary and much
of the ordinary expenses of Government
upon the income tax for the purpose of ex
onerating_ ,the productive iedusiry or the
realm has every whit as good a 'clatato be
called free-trade principle as the successive
reductions an lemiasione of impost charges
have in th e practice of England..' Not only
has the income lax been permanently main
talned since 1842Anit it bar been made to
yield an average of ebnut forty million -dol
lars,per, year, since 1846, or much more than
the average annual ancient of all the dutiet
upon toreign goods remitted since the cheep
labor and cheap rest , material movement was
introduced into English policy. , To the same
end Ind with the same purpose 'the- duties
upon legacies • and successions are•charged
up continually higher aid higher; that mare
ufacturers might he still further sand farther
relieved .as continental rivalry mired hada
and harder upon iThgland's foregiistrade.
Here we see, and it seems to dieworth the
trouble of looking after, that`that sys Mai of
protection which by the imposition of import
duties had been fairly strained to its list
stretch of efficacy, and to the last moment
and limit of its need, was repelled by statute
only after it had been virtually repealed by
its own _complete success. And then that
form-of midectinn, which consists In shift
ing taxation from industry -to accumulated.
. wealth.' was substitnted as necessary to: the'
straggle with the commodities of rival ai
tions tor the monopoly of the labor market
of all such rem;-barbirons nations u can be
induced, first to accept a false theory of in
dustry and trade, end Afterward the goods
manufactured for their defenseless markets. ; .
But I go father, and assert here, not only'
that England has never adopted free trade as
a principle, but sae has to this • dlr . never
abandoned protection, even in form, much.
less in fact. The free lists In her tariff
schedules cover pot an item or en article .that
in the el M eet deg.ree
•, can compete with, her
domestic todualons articles of food arid
raw ma als for tier manufactures, so far as
England 'Oroducies eny of these, excepted,
the motives for w hich exceptions: we have
, already shown, and shown, too, that they
are so far. from the principle of free trade
that they are bressence and object. protect
ire of the maithfsettlriall surdemeLeed•
dom
fareip trade monopoly of the United u..-
. ' • • . ,
England now, and durleg th e whole period
since the foirrial installation of her pretended
, free Makin the statutes of the realm, has
alLected an average of twenty-two million
da from customs. :"' The estimate of The
walla of the •Hecbapter puts this Item ,
it one hundred'• and ten and a half million'
dollars foit the coming year.
- . I. admit
that this charge is in the nodnstax u
consumption or, an excites duty colle red at
the custom house, and Oct retentive in of -'
feet: About six of these' twenty-two millions
•custams duties, however,- are raised from
esanufectures levied as protective duties.
Hut the amt collected from Ibreign; lei
cpatit_ *directlyi'whielt or indirectly compete
with Brithh ..pron• Is by IMO MOW the
reason alba positive protectiorrafforded
tirdomeatio industry, ,To• the ext*t that ,
date rates prohibit - or,. abridge. Importation
linty operate. effectivelV. Indeed, it , is in
ibip Way. that Usti are OITOIOgOethe, and
the OnlyWnegolvood • Operation - ithiel they
eeerhave, ite a curette:ruse of price upon
imparts charged with duties, When tlit
not dhninisb or rpromt their leiroductiois•
way flab-marts at lei .to sibrd 4:Joutige
meat to home labor ad metal. - •. Tbe duty
.ones Aces tall wholly 'epei the forelidu pre
duper in - dbidaustien :of Vs prate without
=lbleu` entliely from- entering the .
ce doom& labor. -Tbe nine or
floras of pottectitecat _defensive duties revel-.
edit thaleh :they bit to be levied upon lall
ports is the true umesearesof Ned! protective
Tilde; the armee prodeedonorthe rise-
Whams otlicimme4 legoa ad gado la Orel
United Kingdom, the difference betweeel
tile customs abotord and lliAllilisebirit IDA
of the new duties elnuied,uooo ow home-.
*do ertichleOre lad that Ili teregos tor
Iguadisvm ups theitZeosasodi
iftet to tell Makin ' ikediell hl:
- jrne• sled were to ltielis deli
" Made to ' aibmii pad heck -the 1101i0
I lialket ll .4 ll4ll3 nlilka ll MP PIPNV I 'Mrs% I
, &O. 4 fillegit; el* ni" 113414 210141114 • 1
atodeal inelvtolineek
Fti. r ibi r de t %bar other sedan -which . compete
, dinthr lisdaderof Midi seteflieture,'
saki° 'What thaltritisherounumert;
While IS ac m e stasosggailoiet I . l lz
lomomstsibig-gpon - bmwmanatouirsi,.
tied manses thanes , so tom lew- hews
in Mr bent TGOTIOITIV e Z
7reass 4odimoridet. paned et
hedge imparted= by the threetertollimpo.
olden, or, SW Owlet Of" eetweilv_e, charges
traviallo 11l i'%NOline:'.__ l( ll , [lb IcOltoreltlit,
Wil- afilikoll mew, .0: one a0,,- ==res
lielliwolorceutuier - + I , ~. '
~ lethilifillill tilde?' ''''' -•-, ' --,
f The MUM le so Impious .-
alk con
e Corm
ewe
ceituri,
reee sot
**dem
In the
thews
CT=
ze
foreign
I. The
nor ad
'Maus
• Ikon
Wady
Tod
aka
.
•-. The ammesieWitho amt. P _eateotek . I fennel"
slid Mord, isibultweteleised ite the 'model
frectride nation under *sum devil** of ,
names! and methods of aim . We-with which
L. hare rearmed to detain the Keene, might
seen; after being elte4glitelerteti, emcee
eery,: Erentomeary Wean it is obvi
!cera -nom a momMISM -reflection that free
trade, in the"tow claimed for her systheri
• Ii In Itself **II hoPouthte. ' How in the
name 'of, common sense cut ' !the - suertelled
that ter - people 'Whose aerie:l4Bmm t s . so
largely &nth* of Greet Briteiti upon ta foe
em toe het ,cipital, and labor could'
give up to a phantom of theory - the
very imbstanee of the induitrial eihnenee.,
to allow their labor led capital' to' be • dis
placed it) home, ea gi the work t ; . =
of th eir necessary supplies to'be ,
to any and every peopm who froui locatithe
s p ec i a l advantages'shame be able tomaw
watt end undersell ' them? Om Übe 'op
posed that with a debt of !four thousand mil
lion disbars resting upon the nitiori;, - and the,.
necessity for ordinary -,eXpenditure - ef three
hundred end fifty 'million dollars per, annum,- .
to say nothing of the extraordinary;--Which,
if not is cantata ire Title as cereal): to =-
cur; Greet Britain could poisithly allow Prance
and GenniaY.to se lie her hoine markets mid
close her workshops ? The defense td 'which
they are compelled.to tat* iie prettily
phrased wr styled countervailing thetiee - .—•
Cotmtervailing f what does that mean? Us&
lII,' it is, *Pigged to the ditty. Imposed-upon
such ankles as spirits; manufactured agar.
ratuattfeetnred tobacco, maltliquise And such
other articles pis are selectedto bear the-great
'burden of the domestio eyclie .The home!
market for theeti articles ,thus relied for .
the greater part of the' necessary* revenue
must be guarded 'emit* thelike articles of
foreign. (=atria" by crutntervallierdulletel.
that: Is. the competing imports 'Must - be
charged up to the mark of exeludingthent al.,
together, reducing them ito compseative insig-
Olean:re, or. et threleast. throwing the *bole
weight of seem duties upon the'fortigo pre-
ducer. ' An& what does this mean vb.
pished to Its central Ides? • *Why oaf this,
that England eau b ear aitythieg in the way .
of prices of commodities better than she can
bear turning her labor left. or Ye:hi:tor:its
=bad and at the same timestriking tee, sc
tire capital' and her foreign commerce With -
the resulting wales* , :. • 1 ' .
I Cenittervailing tapir means ...Pposing
with equal strngth:tetielleittirasevistlng in
[ etlese." ..lf import duties on this tgrOnnd been
the highest free-trade Authority feetheir sel
,plicstien Where ittland taxes rase price" up-.
ozetbe domestic producers:of commodities,
may tberpst also, and upon th e yery same
ground; bnappliid where t wages, orbital,
or tilth a r e higher thee among rival foreign
producers r Tee Intention and the necessity
are exactly-the same ;I that le, the reserving
and tecuring to home labor -and capital its
opportunity.of proda e tivriard,profitable em
ployment.
• Whoever says !tip" to this Prop-. •
naition says that labor , Intlt- , everywLere'-be
leveled ice the lowest rectutteretion that . is
given to it anywhere ; that"lt mint le driven
In the New Worldly the beggary'Cif the Old
.Worldko the low scale of wag( a which delves
the millions' of toiler' of that Old Wadd from.
their holm* forever; or aloe It m e ans' that
I they shall" bir excluded from thotie -depth
-1 menu of production which Call into plate all
their higher powers, and exclude theft tram ,
all those kinds of lattpr which tie !advanced
ciiihistion offers to the worlinginen of mod- '
eni times. ~ • .. .
I htiee 'oecciPied . the attentien o f the' inure •
withahis theme so long'sed.so carelessly tor
1 the purpose of overthroWing the force of the
pattern, the Diode' free-trade nation, and for
the reason that it Is' so often arid so (=Meet
ly premed npon Wit ea en authority in theory
and I demernstratine in. practice, and for the
further reason that' .
lif the claims,. ,Preteesee.
and exaMple of Great •Britain are fairly-, si
kneed we have, not, aother instance in, the.
1 world's history to eet. , I mean *other in- '
stance where any apparent prosperity has
'attended an wench to free Wide*, foreign
commerce. I'l - j , •
1 ' I rtlZlEEf,bollatleile i l r f a r y trestY "diking
land,to:free trade three undyed yarl ego,
when, she 'feared no ri either in her own
or be foreign: Commeren. " A' hundred Ind •
sixty yea* ago Portugal ope ned', bet perts
And markets to the , invasion of Eritiab ,pro-' 1
&tel.", wider the temptation, of Is :difference
of d. ty in favor of , her 'wines As spinet:
, Fran . • ; `and, India,: ?ow , something more
than ti . eeareanbjece,to Great Bite* pis
ad f ree . iv:forced-ape her. 11-And where
- ese .• , ,le stand In the scale Of wafts
now,
now, wis Is the state of theli domestic
affairs? . - their , own folly kr .foreign
force strip . of self-protection they
ranked as either 6 t-rate Power" in Europe,
or what is better,'kull imppOrting, Inde
pendent, and prosper s e.. .Nowthey are the
wretched relics of decsyed nation - sales, hay
ing fallen under the 'diaabilit4es of defenceless.
Industry; blighted and -blasted and have-be
come nuisances upon the Wet,: the earth.
Iltrit, on the' other hand, sthat \ persple" do
we see risizig I to the front rank o‘opean
powers ?' TL .and those only. ' o have
steadily, ently; and wisely pure the
policy o fostering ,that home !labor, *kith
is the only souice Of assured 'wealth.. No h
Germany, Rum* and Preece are Europe t.
day.. Austria, that never entered the Zoilve
rele or diatoms union of GermiuY,! was de
tested utterly arid hopelessly in, ri cemPaign
of a fortnight by her deighbor I Ration* who
siece'lB2s Were been' doing their 'own work,
last se ow ownAorithern Bilge" : 'Were cOn7
quered by the wealth and.. twiger: et the train=
ed , industrials of the Notthlf - `, , 91 .'-.
Yea, sir, itis the ! townie-chat' • quite as
Much as the , camp the in thmill timei ex
pressers the tom of embattled Armies, and
determines the result r'ileteratiees it In.favor
of the muscles and`mtad wine:wedtogether
In the pursuit" of a' prosperciusll leduetry, i
whatever both* Writ or enthudism Which ' !
it meet. cuithe battle-field. , ~
The Argument for etwiection ionttld in the.
example of. England galas greatly increased
Moe its its applicant -lath" condition and
the necessities - of the Baited 13tatee- I 'The
situation of the two-countries st!corr ad
log stages or their respective have
such resemblanee , as fatly w ' tame in
'taking, the 'Ono:nice' history id-the British
,islands,,witle its results for oneexartiple, . and
In so far alit bale' been suceeWful fbr our
Reside under : sidiffer 1 Chtamatempes. ,', The
people of.thitorkratty, in ' the main. are p
theisine race places, and tonal' like eee
eric type for -w mingle in our diversidedna
tionalities only i larger -:pertain I', of the'he '
bleed tMt ha !mixed 'lts ,tray current; to
theirs. Ng niturallit wOold pretend that in
mental and \e‘hysical ! dmetitispy, or in' -.
pabilitieslor the highest 'destiny, we are ,
any wise theirlaiertor: - They may clilm a
earlier decent from the best ,rsea of coati
nental EarePe. but we, have these lope
mat recent end ''highest'. state @f-advance
meaty and our history since Our severs . - -
&Om,
_the mother country, by every test tlia .
Mi es the quality 44 tnen.,preve. , 04 least Pe ,
equality wi them as 101044 I!ltieledee Fli
pt
under the! law, ssW , pewees to a tato
atinttally di tort' for the Conduct-of
our natioia tereste. ' \ the
b 'Z i t • of_ Magian:lA Wary which
the et analogy , to our present coo
dblo m ay taken Y. the yea t, I $ l ,G, when_
she 'adjust emergedfrom s long wee Vol *
left her with a depreciated eurrency.4 btu
den of debt; bellered - theri.to be -more, tb
,she 'could bear.'ankati annrud.lerPeo
that taxed and ! strained ell bet, rode .
energies to. utmost. Her estimated
wealth aria but Mlle' more then the halt
ours. ' Tile ion of their estint . ta de
pr l i
to the property
.6r theyeidtti win Sally tort
per cent, weiti, ,t l y ti anneal leteteit was
hundred acid six odilkorm or fully tee
cent. of the ~41Illi prOdUCS of the Bait
Kingdom'. I: .' ! ' ' ' •- •
.-How[Midi le s ir Wealth noti;? The hie
let thetitiMi! put ,it We thirty*" thousen
editions; .and i her . pilot runiiitud - :debt
tlret near twice the scsonnt of aims, , and stilt
bet Bilk reduced. has fallen hilielative her
deo from flirty . to len test. twel ve pet Cent.'
arid itsclaterest' - .lrom lento !him' and a hair
per cent. of the he n nal •pin 4434,4( thet capita ltattlielet•tcy4( Olat-i,l•Awtry. ' j r " - li *
, '
;Now, the bordeacof one; &tit. Sum, me'
; Now,
atettleihaV-is;pert v enire that:
three thociiiiildntillices, or- eq e t to threes
tOutths ofAltatteeEtimin 1 /eta,
Its interest is e esmes" maths" !es - hex
oiNa oar anl lll 4lnueots,l tslu' o 4 hi' twits
I
Inn. Miaow:* tpo Avg per Pot.: We
strugglingee eh"- Oreggled -after bet greet -
trial ender s beTdetreqtutlty On 'elm our
Preseekraelm- : For, white the.correet de;.
mare Is not la*: cat 'miter capital wealth
Ms tergolyta estintsgkek In poldbUlizr, de=
pending foe hi avallitdittY ttuoo the, eetert
OW 1134 leflally the 4 'Milt, - Seeks lie no,
etro:kg product.- .1 ? - -- , •, , i
Mem testarteerpoi he icOnsiderable
taidelAttenee * llite;figureew !, empress the
theHo ifeloWlso at th e tem cerulean
the &Cm colloid ; but. Wiwi asub;'
*IOW lii OW_ WOO* 110 " a
*els the , ;; The.*W.ftwiLliit I teesailied It
sown mUsionsiii &ones offhitthule Ind
Incur •Us glowokrogr OwiN- would
a t
arm het inss4 tisisinp five , Over. Our
VlZltrerkilli lied =WI are
-1111011611 4 Sad we Miley IV ,
do of 'loiiidio filteti W I StMet ate
=Val OW inTozdt i g ust deboell ft
• SPonitoolona.. et the
lOW - -bt Mile
,IWo Ape ' PWldelli , is
well flea ' t,we `w r i er. se- '
*tented for lidiltilD "Ve lit . , beolkOno
hostardembili wide ibir iimi meite•—
B l o, l thati* - litteth:OCCitellabi se!
vrirsr - .of , sysei=
adi eu,
Irtavosorroisir 4
indelidie.,
': WIWI'
ire ePee ite. elfaeL A 43 40 111
the bole eggs moms. egg : ea .
-: •. . . :01 =
.. • ' - lAk PRO • a 11 4 1 r!
'tai.
. .• - 4 1 3 !"!':1111 - *I SIM 'I
=ZOO= isyllirliiCi,„.n
ray
MIMS
,
seen as Its money and surplus . movables are
exhatuded., More immediately and directly.'
than any Individual does attendee coesmuid
ty depend upon its every-day indtatry ; and
to aticula encourage, protect, and fester 'the
work that yield" current support and wealth
is therefore the first and chief business of its ;
hsrialattiree I, - ' -
But to oar riridielr: did England, circum
stanced so wally as we are now. after her
war upon the Catboat; lasting a queriernf
weentesy,l anti with-the United states diming
fall three yam of the same period; abandon
the industries of,her•people to an open cow
petition under theoloctrinewf free , trade r 1
need not answer. this „questkev to any one;
having but the most- ordinary , acquaintance
With the history of commer cial policy ;
bet,
_it li sr( trth..wkile to node the extent of the
Pintnnulat idren to her rhanufsetuntrs, to her
metabt,vosi. wool, flax, and to': h&labor and
capital ;employed In their conwerdon. The
wale Is frilly indicated by the rate, charged
-upon foreign imports merally under her
tariff act' of istp, Foreign woolens were
charged fifty per 'crset.'of their value ; cottons
t l ft.T. to sixty-wren per cent. - glass an sur
e of eighty per '
cent. • and iron six pounds.
tor shillings or thirty-one dollen and fifty:
- tit: Oita per ton; and the cottons of the
t Indies, where labor and the raw *ate
" , il were at extremely low rates, were pro
hibited. s' These ire samples of rates width
'l4l
the main are fir higher than any ever lev
ity ear Goverimeet under tut& that the
Lamy abroad anti at kerne denounce as mon
. ... a ; no: were these rates over abated or
. protection ever relaxed until they had
the wholnr,ange of industries up to a
itrongth which defied all oompetifion in her
ant and in the markets of the world. Is'
' re anything doubtful in that. , history, or.
nything unwarranted in claiming it as la
ding experience for. own conduct In difti
ul ties as great imd toward an Iwo equally
unite„
• especiall as. England elf. In
' her stretigth,ef means; and al ti
wledged -mipremecy of art, Is DOW full
ed in the fieldfligehast us; a competition
, • ittrotiger thee .any that she herself ever
taiW . in the days of her great trials ?
wiliiie *perceived )that. I have confined
F ltowl
peaellto it elmple,_ stsslghtforweid line of
ument; and adhered to prectical
edentates, tea thoroughly verified edentates , and
oily pleaded needn't* riming through i a
period king enough to meet ell aorta of cott
tatlgencies, and sustained by a people every
ry competent' to gtve t tal a ten of
,Policy
halm and fairest trial. I Have I not gone
ely by the dear light of an analogy that
keg the general question as plain as thOugh
pattern policy selected bad been a pars
sets, end results °Litre principles for which
have be en arguing ? ' And are we not , hay
ng reached .thiS. statidpnint, authorized 1.0,
n noon the propagandism of free trade in
at ilkitale and their echoes at home, and
1 indta, w rarges e w acce ?
to p iat t t o hla p n etad th th o d r e i to ty theot o h fl ry oir genexal r w e hi zam ch
i p t l oes e, u
l ii truld e ma nu f actured
_;toWeiredtlecepritalive the
n of fest
bled
,thit the assumed! previdence of the free.trin
It*iory, and its growth among the nations, la
pimply untrue in • point fact. . The com
mercial treaties nide by England with -see
eral'of the continental 41oventmenta. begin
ning' with France II 1860, all eapelate that
antilutlie charged uterip British goods shall
not exceed, 'but may reach, thirty per cent. .
In iMme 'eases; :!in'others twenty-five per
cent ad valorem, initial at the rates phall all
ligi converted into specific levies whenever
the subjects are i capable • of assessment by
number, weight, lor measure:* Thirty per
cent, or twenty-five; or %Went*: is surely
sufficiently deiewiive for these manufactures
and* products of France and Germany. where
fd:id, rawMaterial+and capital are at least an
cheap, and , wages getierally even lower, of
whin we, have ' the proof in the 'fact that
Fiance kid new &market in England for 10- ,
co,motivee, and Germany has
- taken contracts,
for the supply of railroad. knit to Russia et
.cafes which uhderaell England . herself. - These
coetinental countries, all of 'the*. have Po
Wog proteeted their demonic industries that
therare able now, torneetthe old time work•
shop of the world in foreign 'marketkind
.ask an odds iwthe sirifefOr their ors.
The propagandists of theTtee trade theory are
- constantly prodeinang the progress of their
pet policy as , witrium by thou commercial
treaties, of w,hieb the Anglo-French of 1860
la We type. ' illy, &tweeter this bout le—and
4 am, prepared to lutein it—that the tariff
rates fixed by the coneention,between Eng
land and. France are. sis high' in figures, , and
greatly more effectual in operation, than our.
own tariff of 1861, commonly 'called the
'.Morrill tariff."' . 1 - • •
• Tor the present . I content myself with t he
Outline that the bout Of progress made by,
free; trade in eindern opinion mei actin is
Outlay a fake pretense, of which ; might cite
the further evidene that the colonies of
mother England-, Wherbeer* they enjoy the
right of goveintng their own industrial inter
e ett are 11l in open revolt against the policy
which she is etidesVoring to !impose upon
them. The lease is put plumply 3, the
Reiner for April, 1868', In which
- wilier, after inieighing, io 'an* true British
ist
iiiiint, against universal suffrage and Govern
trieet afters imnirtilled by the Tingle for their
Viulediate interwitosays that he colony of
ctoria; the most liberal and"!importent in
Autralta, in pursuit of the pendia. fall acy
that tis possible to turn tuition into a
81:!orce9f nationa l wealth, Or, at least, into li
nnets of \ cntatin local mannfactnreir that is,,
of raising 'wages, the governmentof Victoria,
representing the demecretic majority, hag,
daring the laittliro Years. revolutionized its
veholli fiscal ac b Me in favor of a protective
system, putting O new tares: not for rekei
nee.; but We p n to native ' industry.'
rat l ct
Again, the reviewer aye : ; l
,
1 i4rontnon wan , taken to to
n o:reamed employ
pent and higher
was and thenceforth
muune, and still la the.eardhal ' of the 4nat;rit
!.Thie hetet so much a ccaressica ar a
charge by,the'indignent critic, .. it is .the
lust sett of proOlcd the fact, .. -111 - the
more reliable that it is extorted avid • • . from
an unwilling.witnem. He ascribes +•e de
tested tritiniph - protection. there ; 0 lein
wordi, to that t` iv ofgovernlng by m.
Of a democratic' ',pithy, which is very i ,
',the to political virtue." , . -
lA/freeing entirely with the high free-We
anthority. •as td the facts Of the cue, aid
happy that he `confiner and exposes
• the
grounds of his'illegust, ;Merely cite him. as
tit ' • briefest and clearest authuity against the
* of his put*, "that lilieralipal. Proffustlr .
t a
deli" )
1 6.,,
9 in etaub Mit : oy e r n un t a 7 bir trf l stui y c Ls:ll;; ;ur s an ti
vd. n e T u th 7 a vei t l th ell er ls of t : its re: .
tb
se,- by free wh ir"d omeou e tri t tern made. n is si e mi lther m 7mie- ."
1 But protectien is exposed to assaults that
take,the form y practical objections to Its
epeiation* Upon l am interests of the Govern-'
`firsent, arid of certain classes ,Of the people
sdoptihX it. Ali against' the general inter:
'UU of the awrimunityn trust that I have
shown it, not trite. The foreign commas
'and the Maritime interests ise Greet lkitatt
;grew under &Protective system - of unequal
--ed 'Wetness line the iupremtyey.hi the mar.
ktes of the world and .to the domingdon of
e seas:" Noe ;if It true, either . th at the al
1 eged reiniction-of trade dinanishetrevenne
m foreign briporte, ,in oar experience we
aver the proof that' bleb, very high, 'duties
t
a not diminish either foreigu trade, or'reve
-Ine to the Trensary, . __ , , •
..
N I.l o n:t u e ndred iesr
ind 186 79
eigh tbe ty 7 thre : al ai d auxi s t har of
1 ety-paylaigoods 'ever till then Imparted,
der 'Whoever tariff, ros e to the •valltenf
millions;' under at itvenqpi - 'rate of 'twenty
;two Win; UnaMper.cent l iwhile in 1867
[Ye dutiable ,ll 4 o Prta, tale to itbe 'value of
three huirred {and senrentylwo and three-.
rcarter m11,14u. 'ender ;the average- tariff
ates of forty: \ eevett'and,onetthird -per - cant&
;Here we hue. nesrly'one , third More • goods
Ilteportect underc more than doubled aver
age duty, and one hundred and seventy-six
fend one hill million of revenue derived.
fortyreine aid it half Wilkins, or en
almost yield to the Treaeury. . ..
It maylleinceictd here that when she tariff
d" 1867 Whmed the average rata min dna
rable imprint to nineteen end eheifiter cent..
itbe largest *Porte of dutiable goods, at these
i ratee, which.happend in'lB6o. amonated to
irtwri hundred and aixty-ii,ght millions.
Th 4 Wit the Year. of. our largest, exports' of
; b readatufft, provisions, notton,.and other ale
plim. - Every possible cirannetanin was fa- -
eorebleto the• trade of the year, yet. It yiel&
ed amt hiniwinitil and twenty4ght and \odght
tenths Millions leer to . the TI em% and
brought tone hundred and nee Widnes hie of
*reign good sto ottr shwa thin was afford
ed , the fortY.seven and one-third per cent,,`
WIZ in clienttket hi the deaf yaw 4867.
, it Mang *wt . Ilkdit.: and f aturiot so
well • OnrOMOR mimter,notdrailletogrOlDte
thenpeeintas u re of lite4iadiatt *di.
ttebetwoHt, that irbkii ' stErfse that tint
Arpin tba• Mu the Urger ba th the kn.-
fiortation-MAthe Mu
menu*. Ano
*Et desired froit,the Idea. that protection
Weti,Poballtkitti 011 ~,, lea aindflinklll Of
(tlWettliPt. Or RC derileilfake_
IS act taw: rtoar Raft taabtatottbs
,:ldail. „It &as itot.'firsltgab 'tomtits trade,'
bat it solidi B. and at the mina thtekkomare,
eit i ttbraastAas tbs coaatty to metals th e
urn
1 dioe.tailaap to the itteitata ladle*
1 1=30.idausaks ii Itottotrt Maltz;
;SEI , , (711.
APhillt . ..." 7 " , dial MOMS al
l lw t= to preduelkinhui
. Cli thlt World, ex=
to 't
lilt Doract 'Of bilettltai- Imposes,
~.. . ipping base tisest Mader Ilan se-
, • . - • laddred: tat stbletHetts
.1 , la 'SUM nu, %Doss tboa- ,
attire, ' . • ..sue:.mein saw la
.e.dy r imiecieft.
,i„ ~...,....,,.... coach that
aspeetteinif . 1 ' risen-sadeabliag la
aillett7 - Me bag bit wake 111 W
i
nee fallen off. i It amounted to tweety-two
million poinde in 1846, and yielded twenty
two and a half million in 1866. 'having been ,
all high se - tnenty-four millions in 1863 ,
So much for the answer of history' and fact
to the plausible notion that loafer duties in
mease,imports and revenue , whiCh might be
true if the ability to bu foreign' goods, was
not affected by paralys isof domestic itideo
by ;,r but It is seen to be false When we look
to the •r w, : t r im perity iSrculncied by full : work,
large and activity eIA capital, all .ee
cured by,protectico of each, and all alike.. ,
There ls also another fallacy of. the - let-,
akine salmi of 'monomials, spectons enough
lout the surface, hut hollow at the core. It is
the assumption that the price of all imported
'Commodities to the consumer must be in 7
creased bithe 'amount eLf duty imposed upon'
them.. But'is the produeefa selling price such
a flied and constant quantity that it can be
taken for the basis °tench a calculation ? Let
us see. The export - price of English - mer-
Chant bar Wm in Liverpool yeast five pounds
ten shillings in August.
.1,832, and at ten
pounds ten shillings in January. 1836, and , it
hovered about the latter rate tintille4o. The
former price of five pounds ten Ithillings eon
eared with the operations of owl , tariff of 1828
and the increased Price Wed daring the reign
of, our pompmaize act ,In April, 1343, our
tariff of 1842 being in fOrce, English merchant
lew iron fell to five pound!. The tariff of
I:442,being repealed it went up to nine pounda •
ten shillings "In January. 1847.
These instances are entingh for Illuttratica.
Holt, who paid' the duty on any such iron
Imraorted intoithe 'tinned States when our
tariff rates were at the highest ? - The OOP
spinet ? Manifeatly no. The producer, capi-'
talist; laborer, end trader, suffered it in abate
ment of their profits ; aometimes even to the
hale of all profits ; and something of capital
Infested bedding. Home pniductien encour
aged has the natural effect of bidding the,
prices of foreigncomModities In check, even
when some considerable enhatitiement °tittles
is the rerun. One thing Is certain, that the
threign article never Min go above the living
pries at which. the domestic article .can be
afforded, for competition among home pro
' dueers will six the magfmtun for the. market,
and hold it there, or prevent It from fleeing- .
lion, to the injury of the consumer: . ,
A. country absolutely subjected to foreign
ers for their eupplies'in every' article must
allow the vendor to fix his own price upon
it, and lilt has but one such market for pur
chsaing it must also be shut up to that mar
ket' for the sale of . the commodities with
which It- purchases, , and the foreigner thus
fixes the price of this exports as well as of
the imports. Thin is the bondage of trade.
A slave, et, is one: who can deal with but
one man.. A country which must' deal only
in one market is as much. enslaved.
- flume no doubt that an American cense
mer of tea or tropical spices must pay the
whole duty imposed upon these articles at
the custom house, unless by a general abaci
pence - the price Is forced down upon th e pm_
duce?, and so - s part or the whole of the
charge be taken out of his prpfits. '.But who
pays the dity when competition is open and
a choice is free? How much must either
party pay of such duty under the vary ink
circumstances of the case? Alexander Ham
ilton, in the Federalist, . Mabee this subject
incidentally, not exhaustively, -as was his
usage whenever engaged upon any point of
economic doctrine as the main -topic of dis-
Cession. _He says i- -
,
i °When the demand Ii equal to the quantity Wounds
at market, the mourner generally pays the duty: but.
when the nut:tett happen to be overstocked a great
proportion falls upon tbe merchant. and sometimes "
not only exhausts his profits, but breaks in upon his
capital. lam apt to Mink, rho canciadeei that *.di
vision of the duty bet Ween the seller and the buyer
more often happens. than Is commonly imagined. for
it LI not always prwsibla: to 'odes tbe mire of a com
modity in exact proportion to every arldditiblial impo
sition laid upon It." ..... . ,
''These considerations are enough to d'imee of
the bold
as that all taxes and d uties are
rteoeuarily and certainly so much additional
charge upon the coMmodities. Prices are deter-'
wined by im*y and demancl;,end it is plain,
therefore, that domaWo cOmpelltion must hive
the effect of regulating the omit of foreign' Pro
',limits when they are obliged di meet the rivabry
domestic, goods in theolnarkets which they in-'
Irade. If there serene other relation of patio,' for
maintaining such a cheek upon the foreign de- _
nomination of our home markets. this would be a
sufficient one. But dependence for supplies from
abroad. far anything that esti be produced at
home, evens* a Mere matter of mercantile pOlicy,
is liable to the objerition that they are Vine,
,nurendered to the govenuneritof causes accidents
caprices.. and interests,' overwidch lee have no
control. lln the war of 1812. biog .- his pre .
?toady costing but eix I dollar/1:313er pair
went up to , twenty, and 'opium rose to .one'
hundred and sixty dollars per potted, and
cannon pine, of which we made none at the
tithe, became atholutaly unattainable. It is even,
worse when arm* and ammtuation are to be bad
only from the' nation with which we happen to be
at war. But I need not 'press this point so well
put by Oen. Jackson in his letter to Dr. Coleman,
written during the pendency of legislation which '
resulted in the highly protective `tariff act of 1421
'and its amendunint in 1828. Bet the opponent
returns to the charge after all his sophistriee
of theory are exploded with such objections as
ibis : the protective digy must somehow increase
the price of the commodity, el at why impose it?
I answer It certainly increases pie imocreelling
price res orted ' to lot the purpose ofbreaking
up the domestic production, with the oPportnni
ty reserved of increasing it to more than indem
nifying, rates when: dominion of the market is
obtained, as we have seen always occurred in
the matter of English Iron. • _
Mr . Mruldison, in his letter 'to Jadge Cabell,
October 30, 1828, puts this 'point thus'
, eitbordil It happen, as has beam wistiected to pie an
object, though net of a foreign Government itself,' of
its great mann .frMg capitalists, to strangle in the
caw le the Infant manufactures of sa extensive, costa.
r met or as anunpated rival, It would surely, hi such a
case be incum bent on the suffering party won': to make
an exceptice tol , the let.atone iedicir as to perry
the evil by atgeopdatereentatioartat Its foreign"dote
l _
Mr. Madigen; ratty years ago, spoke of the
=IT
or foreign onntenationcto break down
industrial, threatening to dispute the
home market, with them ; but the report of s par
liamentary commies:lon appointid to consider'
the pressing bit of attires among, British Work
men. makes Iffe. Madison's hypothesis a matter of
pastor?. I asig~ion to a somewhat leugthy
extract for, the -twain° that it covers the' gmeind
.of an argrunent which I wokld be but too happy
if I mead sufficiently impress upon the people of
this country Who are let targely concerned and
yob eo little impressed by Its forte and forced.,
Thicparliamentssy oommitterb eve: ,
wTheclasses lot Zethad) gtmerally, in the
laspeeetraziter te of Ibis connu7, and especially
in the iron Old district*. are very little aerate of
tgrextent to which tau are 'often indebted 63r their
employed at all to the =nem loaves which
ecloyertreotunterny incur in bad thief in or.
der 'strop/snip% romprtittor and re punt trod keep
pore of ylitripro terseisfi: au th entic li:stances
are well noire of employers Whig in arch elms car- '
sied'on wort' at a loss amounting in the aggro.
Rate to th o r tour hundred thousand pounds In the
S ilva
course et or War yeses .
to ff
reetzi the en cl.
th rts e of twacan those t
wbi oriabc rel =o nee strikes , ' were be suaweeful
f or sue teeirth nthN it be great accumulation of cap
ital could no longer m ad &deli enable a figs of the
mold 100110ky capita to or/headier all forein com
petition tit times 4f depreiesion„ and thus to clear
the way ,for .'the whole trade to step in when
prices revive; and toon a great business;
vibe" foreign capital me a t a acctunnlateto finch an
cilt\
extentas to be able to estaher a competition in prices
web any chance, of success. large Capitals of thlik
country are the great histrameru of warfare against
the competing capital of foreign trim and are the
moat menti4 instruments now ning_by which
one mannfacttutter supremacy arm be waned; the
Otter elements-cheap labor. abundance rereinste.
dal, means of cometnniestion, and skill labor,,be-
Mg rapidly in process of being equalized.. „ ),
~
This murderous policy Mt. Medial. *tight
passible as a means.of holding an exit , jeweils
tomer In Commercial and industrial . ,d,,,e.
That phrase wee truly describes the nnvesntile
retake of the 'United States to Great Britain.
Tilting the yearlBoo for an example, I find that
the British exports to us that year, according to
their ow% reports, stood at tweenty•one million
sit bemired dxtpeeven thousand and trixty.five
pounds. while to all the world besides, others
-than ,her own provinces, the total other expntts
wan but seventy million floe hundred and fifty
I tined thousand three hundred and twenty-seven
Thus we are a fair one quarter of the
..1 1 4 11 ,11ditli) her, an extensive customer, indmi, and
Weil win* holding at any ceet, bypeses. bribeT,
oriordnetry, or all
_t4ether, se may be required.
Bat the real surfaces of this cut-throat mu
petition are nest to nothing, for whenever by s
wise - ,p3llcy we bye enlarged our home products
toward a self-supplying point a glut happens in,
the; i iglish Market in lack of so largo a 'custom
er,
then it is no matter at what price the nor
plts Is thrown upon oar, market, for the balance
bit le worth as mach as the whole, including the
excess, and the sacrifice of print,. which at any
li;Most De borne, is amply repaid by the ace
cOgitdal ü blei t i a lli elfe a r " the co whai mpen t rg . capital of for
tonntries.'' AM:ogle instance will edam:
Itah man= bar trop is quoted at Star York
daring 1845,1846, 1947. 1848, at, an ' itiwao of
ileaptliire dollars per ton. In 1849 three hnn
ated.„.sial eighteen thousand eight ' hunted
am aterestyfire tons of English iron were *Miro
diolintrkets at lees than the nest of erodt*
ud the Newrotirpries fell fawn the aver
4', seventy- fi ve dollars in the preceding fork
4$ feetyalle dollars and terenty.gre eget. in
and to thirty - three dollars fn i3ePtembero
MIS , eft wait a ibit Whose Upon vs, as• the
Mime withthe unfailing melt. that eco
aeon its was
soceedng done thetudemnifyb y
ur pro
cess yes begun, sed l we flnd British
biti in Neer Yotk sir estly ma. November, 18530 S
=ix , dam and twentpflve ciente, and In No'
, 1854, at seventy-one dollars and empty-
Awe teem.: /a 01l thew caner•l: have given the
armee Mese of the years arid Mouths mennott
ed., They may he Nana to the appendix to the
=rattail of the Treauture.fer the y,ear 1883.,'
no neoessity, tres, .in PuttA =r t T? d':t ' l6fg l l : tuZ
biarai, eta fa
sf
stematarelle nest uthedetetWassaults
lasectedlent to the ontgaittee, ned•
riaiVaselZiparl iami aps . 4afeaut LIU/ ated
ag
= be in fiat eenetiettkat , The large.
dlt asa albed•to aireikite orA.
sametii= l by nesuneweell so sefr Ali
Ica =eff lbw foe* It to not
that we .teivel to fear,
huldoeftl few! lite watfsfie firessidi of
lint wit width we oo eaniMwtsket- - '' - • , , I
1 itiatkiftir_lillSlZPriblibleCii *did, is
It; valia IS lass PO tottba previous condi- '
, Woe of sires Beres fair playand an wen chines.
'hat lime WOW flea Mir seem_ .-
1 : Amato pheenssussi tiodeepritseed point than
111_,...fatImersefeeleaS In the one width it
lathe feet "ekes legiala.
ticorr • Oszesoir turustaosurar, or
=rat 'Ark orotorios mmot
- Thir ft one
ut' .of beta:lOW - appro.,
Olikot , * , Moat&
fo Iboi smokier Arr. be, iribiloiroo
tradedte anteeMehe, neither ktiewl
-14.10U ti b% NO aka legla#ooll
L; • - ;' . '4___. _,•
enua, nor any acciumbodation of =lf;prucm-
PIM to • the cohabitant • ' which *edify . ,
their 'aPnliestioti: , IV Wens just the lame
'thing to school Obit, 'OIII,IM-fee s anddelOopti 8 1
Professore of login that it does to lie meet oath !
°rote Plegantilitta-t - 3Eroteetion Puts filetfnint
upon the ; libetty of rinternakma Made ,
and all • the instinct& I 'of rebellion, revelatiiin.
11 0 . l aWlCenteaa art instantly in arms against ft
preidolla,Ms ladjfeehabotraged at -they aty tat
i-d' ;carom bermainling Um&weareh44l4:ll l
of, course decides : hat Smuggling m me , -
fern fr'efifterm," Whole only evil effect 'ltil In its
detection ; and. all', those progressives , wbei ere in
Rebel's! "I'M liberty and against the Governatimr
take tbe restrictinte upon ammo tb - *hi part
oft their dear , dheingnuthing re commerce
Oh,
•my dear sir, the ifinaiples of free tradeeluil all he
written upon a tionth.paptie, and - any rod may
have them always Atitds tome ends.' 1 That te
their adven te, With the farther help of the IM-•
mediate in of large Mamie to recommend
them. Those siteeti are no lees in num . and -
power
power' than.' first; sE . espltallite of the
dal nation steer , gable are 11 . protxttiot - • the
commercial nation whose gains' are in ,
tithe surtremacy.theYean obtain end one
In t
the tionntdoe /eiii :advanced ' in mannfalAuring
pollee.flecon4lll, the' mashed 14011* Annus.
t r am, and money Wdli, who are ofithe nnprodne-
Mee chew, and arb rich exactly in proportke ta
the .poverty'vf, the intbuttrials of their own
try,• men who Virlid.here all 'wmmeditiesArhich
they consume cheep; and the money they; hold
P s TortionatelY dear i rind, third; all the poets and
pr Were and peddled bf politkad 'economy : that
c be fooled or entsiinxid into 'servile 4.1 Tali
venial leveler* of liter-Wages 'to the firade9f the
lowest smong)the :Tuition.. Moreover, 'Asset
preachers of-fustian have the superficiali cap
tanthen advantage et the catching phrase if,:free
dcim, nrogreasiri'te*; Itheraliens, ' natant law,
and the conntemegning cricket every man!st,r*ht
to ,' the enjoyment, of hie own' productionii .- the
'right to sell and tiny Mier° be pleases, with the
Chance of selling dear , and 'buying ebeap hi ill the
open market-platen Ori the earth- All of Which
Means only a free intimable for the stionovely of,
trade by those whet pey the lowest wages to the
artificers .tif all commodities ; by those thstlhave
the largest capital at the cheapest rate; by :those
who, being , earl* and better provided with the
means and apriltaboett of converting skill lididm
the'right, u theylhiiiii:the power,_ of ex g
403
ail poorer-and dateriitekrein from ; • ' the
field of competitien with any chance of . ;
or, in one word,' Mt altintalthititheproduat , la-'
bor, it means substantially that-the wageslets
bor and the' profile of capital atall'evetywb be
reduced to the torrent - rites that;can titionfiolled
anywhere else. ', - - I.;f
• • ,
air. Speaker, *hen : thi s of f ree trade
is leveled down '..to hit 1 'solid subetanot, Villetill
its bobble.' are exploited, its froth akmobed off
and itirflutter claimed, It stands on its telt/Oust
nothing but pauper wages primogeniture Of cap
ital anti skill, and Intinetrial vassalage to
grade of edvantigee; below the highest,
eat, and the most tyrannical..
Hut this objeittitutot class legislation; thref,
it imprimis generally; sled with us especiallMthitt
agriculture needs no defense • against fordo ri
valry.. The &bent:late* and'cheapness of iotW'pro
yisione, and of the reit material of nirinuftictures
requires no defense against thd like prodnita of
transatlantic countries; and from the laws Of cli
mate ,only, in , !a; very, few nartionlais, inainet
the products - of the contiguous • countries diorth
and south of ea . , Wherever these - are eto
the mischief of tinterference from' ibis • 07-
,
ever, the principle of Protection emtracee4
aid they are thus lift Without -any grin* of
'complainhof.pertiallty_in legislative protection.
The poeseesion of fertile &oil, and a unixeri%l va
riety of its prodectis , ':haturelly protested tyg, the;
bulk of the ."rivall - ocenneditiee and tionselnerft
coat of carriage through great -distances, 4fi the
real reason Why; they educed appear amoian the
products 'qf Industry' claiming Inetecticar't,Wm
foreign rivalry in the; home' market ; for,: be we
hive said; • protection is 'nothing- jibe, Mitre or
leess„than Mainly :Odense against foreign @Ow;
and it is therefontePparent that4the .." fi' and
porker IllinOis gee as safe, and-even . mbee so;
from foreign competition than the daily ntirspa.-
pare of lik:,
I t Tort and Philadeinbia; -- ; - • f. , ' •
.1 If prote tioa iscvntelo, be mainly 0003piewith
the predun6 of; tuarifacturing• and inec inisal
skip, it'is beelines that this, the : primalat - oet
the entire field of the , strife, I. argong th e a one.
for mastery upon the" art of the Older and . on
its
ger, and defense upon' the part of - the re : ger
and weaker: 'For c ible reason teatinfaet hold
the rant rank,rioid;apparently the itinie re
garde of the freesia of iiiddstrial liberty and in
dependence. ' -- - - ... -
...
.1 - ,;, „i -
Wit this charge, of class legislation firldtd i rdlis
i logic al proposition , tarns preCtica4ind , ages
that all increased obit of foreign otAttaatiittee
and of the domeatici: Supply . thus fostered gilt for ,
the exiilniive benefit:Of the mend F!titer.
est, e bonneor Acosta, to it, and amequal ' en
upon the,consuaier: ;i - , • . •
..,_ ,;••,' • •
Hete, in the Prat pliice,the'free-trader Mote,
hie fundamental proposition, that CompetiCksa. is '
the regulator Ad. - prides, and, of- .ree, d ' -not
pee' that no ' domestic production fairlY .
can possibly be made to yield a-larger p t to
ta t
the men engaged hilt; either 'as capi „ or
workmen, than any other investment -or. _. na
tion which offer theniselves to the enterprise of
the country . ;,fortea their'. showing,,,and letter
Chub, their coticeseion, tinder • tros , stid biers
tire principle, of bailees, eapital and minable
alwayalmet• the highest , remuneration, d• eb
bring all business doom to the .: level of • orm
Profits: Where; then, is the. bounty, tleihisoniti,
resulting 'from:protective dirtiest again+t tPrellin
products, whetidoMeagic competition is thine sure
to level profits in the favored oceariation•to
the common standard of alt t -......:.• ,1,1 ;
On the Olaineat principle otiogic anti thikelent- , -
eat experience bf fact, the boons or bountr : Olaarge
in a feebly-Islas accusation • and beintio, anti
ce
nessarily eci,; th e octiciplabit'of a temporary in
crease cif •prieerots the result of . proton:lv noes
Must take another aspect and find: iitilff. • -et re
sponsibility:then that of the "clays" of ~ ibent
rstunitrcharitedlrith it, whichcling, b -4; dley,
embraces. at , least-;sine half*o theoen •, e. sting '
rs
onage fo the - nommen stooleo -the ; .Ire's in -
datitrial welter°, and whose . preeperit* m = there
fore be a tat* Of , Much concern 'to t . other
half. A paralYais , dt one heir the ... politic
can scarcely' be WM embarrassing,: to thfiewhole
community than a paler' of ore.whole aid* of the
_body to a,eingleindividnal.. •
.1 am incline& to think, sir, that if thiee4tirdly
assault 'upon:4,lm chise" were explained-tin Mean
jest-a - tacit mina Mean in the effect . f oe, 4 nhicb -.#
LIT used, the orceikeni Would find thetneeithelli direct-1
ly confronted by thtimajority of the pee_. Ido
not admit that therein any etch claw, drive,
hostiley.or Itelitritit i in object or -interest I look
upon the ant ,ins *Ombra cominnnity, an or
ganism in which. , there are Many fun ' i ' but
ail tributary to she Well being of thew eor all
t ug
uniting in one Wit; without Sven independence
-of
each o th er, Mich lees disagreement &lea dif
ferentia of intereenti l If the enemy wi:E!awnti &
morns of whitC they- most mean by, "the clam"
which protemkerfercts. LIMY will find=
varied nunitleations, too large tot be en .
with either truth:Ow-safety. -.,. i;; • '
, ThAleharge ol 'Midas favoritism theb-• finds a
• broadkand I,ninali lees unpopular pet. thin the •
numerffelli few-mill-owners Anaheim Manatee
curers of the country ;ttay,it .really falls thi th er
back that the whole body of its repreeentativeti;'
it fails noon therothmunity to mower& the fault
that it it yinatiG - Areak, poor,.and unskilled Tele
tively to the antagonist against whom IS olaime
protect 0n.. , . . i'• 1 ; • " _ i .3. .
If thJ "class ' cannot produce as cheep com
modities ;if thciabtirers will not work*, as low
, wages; if capital le,Vorth higher rates de interest
than in the older: counties of E 1 :this
fowling legislation - 1e a question for
not for itt numelacp•capitallete, to nation,urc
answer. - And the ' on simply, is to
'this :' Will yodi s for: brief perkni, pay I um
upon your nerettiftftyte permit it to arbor-
Amsted to that ef 'all the lend -it whose
barb ariim andliamteriatn tir labor and any
et wealth and 1 discipiime r elegland Tier risrPelibal
,dependency? Will yreimffer to tie re
milted to a uniform ocindition-Of tine . labor,
it ith your whole population litrngg - - against
yol d
each other,
_or sill 'Yon, at the req F.poetii fa,
vor that distribution of occupations ~Alin
!make you smog yearnelvee mutuallytemdstank
,-and =Poop/ . • i
.find In*
'-' te independent t. „ 1 „1. • ,
1 r ut Will not any; longer 'discuss these goo.
; Homes matter* of, abstract principler.) - v.il will fall
back upon the demonstration which State
anode of a gonad systemof
in economy
and leave Abe inferences from - her . 'story and
condition to Indicate :their implicating. to the
conduct and Polhirrid the entire Enke% Zoo m !
varied interests s h e is= exemplar end.
Wive. .- 1 -;'• 7 ., :' '• •- f•: , •-- '. , 1 '..--', - • -
AcoordingiCi the hems' of 1860 Petiyhanis
‘ _ .. •
had nine andg quarter per 'cent. of 1 mule
bon of the I:loLonbhaiting increased , Afenty-five
d sevent y - one hturdredthe per cent. lb the ile
c e ; while th e MX,. New England SUM* had a
- te fractitholette thin ten per mitt Of Hien.-
, Mon population, L : having grown' btit!dflaten per
cent. the (bud& The wealthof Zinneylva
-1 nia was at Jen per cent. of that of; the Union,
- havinginbrethed ninety-aix iind -five-hundredthsper cent. littlie decade, while New England held
thirteen end s- 010' • hundredtbs' per it of the
' -wealthy withl* - iticitutee. of, only sigt live_ and
two hundredths •'er - cent. he the d e. • The
manufactures of 'the Mat ea s' year iei Pennsyl
vanha are reported at from - hhttdreallut
per cent. of the - Whole' • ' three Of the
• New England • Ninths • reaegi.4- t ;dour and
eight hundred thel =per .ftnt'lcthe of the
Union. ' 7 l• •" .\ '\.'•_ o f •
• 4 quote these - Pertiettlara f tfie ipmie TO ,
nierking that While th e eg - th,perienal and
real property of Prinpsylvania " &boatfour han
d trd and forty-seven maltose :78h did that of
New Elfghltiti; 10860, it had been, teeing fester
in the decade ai ninety-Mx is to sixty- 0, or one
half faster ;grid for the purpose bf . g sums
things imtbe.gondition and character off var
iedse,
indmitelim - which . ave not been g nen.
lidered or anderetacd, .' • . : _l -;', •N; •„
Iron and coat - have been i 4, coniii in
product% reletivelyto those of the otW . fits .
that they are only thought of re *Mmt her
sole reliance, Of in . the yea r -1860 i . (Or. who,
1886) the s alts : 111 her oast, forge d; giillet and
cr
wrought -iron " but thirty po cent. sot' mi the
'Produet'Of theVnien ; togetherthey Were rained
at twenty-two and& quarter millions, nrinnly Bev
en and two.thirdhtrndrthe of het mUttfactstree.,
Non, recollectit that: her ; wealth imago
hund
' redtbSo_ MOf thanation, it: t •be news
to so of na that her woolen and , edtton goods .
Were twelve andMitithfitt per cient. - gtfthe pro-
-'duet of the'ruitbili, and come within leittlisix two
millions of thelitane of her hen ; that her berth,
aftdee,'an Clo th ing reached ; beyond lien in
;value; th athe leather and hictiete Mittel egos].
ed• it ; her liour'end meal fgettlrescalipent; be
,e - awed lumber _ - was Worth half
~ tl2l, a nti her •
steam eicilffree:: iferrillires, -Wl'
Inmate wereggatn, nearly, . 7 eqtalto l 7 l t
whole Iron ritodbit. Here,then, we live - dab
-nril bramble of manufactures, each at
moth warner,fitprodricte per sent= - dirtier
=alCstspleselodnet, him; and ' sawed
, ,inerthitaiterly lianas gmeb. ;:. - , -••-
; How timid is Abe rangeviktir wide ' ' ty .
that machei from the rank of the hig, t styles,
of modes_ istinfoetotee back to the !Oiliest rct
*As of lb& 106. k -soda/ elAhem 'aiettly, • ottuu
in exostatetat!,aineiltat importance; 11 . , - z
, •
'' In sitrialiTholltsl - prattles. yeast &AID
Ai
- 601 bar - rlib itiikt. :it Abe libtirst , el - five
' htsbehl - Per Melon ~ her< ONO
' inane fee _ Intl ;in -014th '-' sititeaht
eheidnel , IfF . mask Mnotiftheinet
distinifullibitd their heeds'NA - flisd An 1
Tithe eV ' ind
Ithiebtatßy be, to indigene her sllltelti
gradtiorbertiOrad second a* to NO/ . •.ibonlt'
CetteMeillbif end larger, territory. neersann
r iat larger Mane in atdaltimL_ -_ , A=Proat
lillitt ... prmhdeie,tettkimilliatehloil the'
alit thisweensfeeinsing babel** et
We 11b=illthed; *age*, -wealth ll
loAketaft Hie kiblidekr , Aloi - *IP eleto Ilan* hen
teeniebstiothiireele of tot poreenuipelletwillote,
IP*, 0 1 11 Ow TIO• in Ws roCulltot Ibli
• ,-- ..; 1, 1 _ ~. . ' . - N• . : •
-" •4 4. --.-
. , .
• BA.;wiNAN'& RAXgEY'S
!rigAitili*lNlTiCi MICE
7 /tethelincitratal;n* Freers. we ere, tow P te 7 •
.pared to meta JoB lad BOOK PRINTING of even ,
aescrtpttou tithe ogee or the IturemPJoresia.a. chea ,
a than it can dm* at at any othevestablkihroaat
is the Oxlntiolth ea 1 •
1 1 6 0' PtimlaUta. F - BAg of
-Lading,
LIMP Pate's, c I BaUr ol4 2 Tickets, -
and Bille, rer Books,,
oles - of Atiexienit, lPg Book's
Reads Ordekaki, eco
au the tea *Wee Ilberrib Oar etc 4. of JOB Tnw
to uses a=woke* talk OA er let other °Mee la th
=or the Bute. and 'sheep h ee d s migmi or ex
" tot. &MD& B tweettere Printers ow
me m o we ertll gowarttoe oar work toter as neat err a y
that an be tamed oat to the cities. Ittaatrag hi- 00L- ,
co dune K tao abated Bolles. .
BOOK BINDERY.
Boots Wand ti erei7 irietY or AM talc Bcokir
at every tititaktlea 000 , 1114 Feds bound 44d4fuled
aft
fa , ithorted tee ;
v.;.1
IA
States that ars ptred7 - agrictiltund ,. ; a fanthile
State, renting with the highest ot those of the:
sister States, and at the same time a level. with •
the oldest agettrealthiest, who ha ve made' no
vetting stilt the absorbing abject of their pro,
dative indulge,. .1 . .•
In foreign commerce 1 Penraylrania 'mean DO
CrLO rank with New York or New Perr,lend.'
ealth is otherwise, and evar:watbetter- •
win, devoted and . In the ocenserat ,• -
'of tioute-;e1 the via ty--in ' the exchange,
lenity yields all its benefits to the common cam- .
try. she is behind none lb the istion. In ptoct: -.-
of the rankled" of the tionntil. tePotted'uow IS ,
thirty ail thinned eightliumired and ninety-six
-miles, she hie four thousand and thirty-seven
Miles, atir Met of over two hundred, and ten mg-
lion dollars, or nearly - tourteen per cent. of the
_.
met of the toads of the,' nation; and sixty mil
lions more WM New York, larger :in Unitary.
greatly excelling her in wealth, but behind bor. as ~. •
greatly in penman*, and pronging - kit intend! ,
lazy not a State thus :balanced in the - "various- .4P
departments - of Anduttry, ' thus reconciling the
'eappogied eatsgoniams df trade, ruaratioteres, - ,
sod nerloultare within bar Own timite, ;womb
to speak 'for them all when 'they are .;all to be' .
considered sad provideafor.
I •I. have produced this great diversity of indatzi- . •
el interests and permits in the Keystone State to
show that her policy muesli necessarily be irapin- ..
tial as 'between 'those brioches of ptoduction
which modern doctrines 'of 'Political economy so
industrional a <ay se inhaled to each other, aid
thus to f the euthotity , of her polity and,ex
einplon thelegislative treatment of every one of -
them. And now I invite attention -to a different.
analysis Gilboa sixes seven branches of peoduu . - •
tan, and the system of internal transportathm_,
whieli.they bare called into existence in-thilata._ • '
sonic* of all, !min that which a mere statemeoi`
of their relative auirketvalue presents: Websosis , - .
found at least eve phases of manufactures egad
to the iron toteloot of the State to ammil stomp -
value; we hire found the agricultural prodp i , ••
fairly tip to th e highest standard in th e Ste - - 1
most favorable to ite prosperity; and we 1 11le •
fanatic maninsey of trade 'Ludt/
at the Very 1 highest figure. Now, let us in 1 ' •
the tenon at once of this great relative and' 1;• I: •
lute &malignant Of the thateaUdustry, se of ~, •
she haw m , dou batten these compreluo
steely d ee r
enterprises of capital' and labor. • '
•.Be I base in thli inq eaestaitly avoided the
mantels* of , I shall not now indulge
in speculetion, though the point , submitted . :
strongly 'Writes a logical sentiny of the- prow. i ..- -
Mee involved,' I will treat it by analogy, using a.'
univereallyamepkd pattem ,of industrial expert- • •
"ants as an exemplar. In so doing .1. shall have -
the Clear light of -a well 'proved experience thrown •
nob the phenomena of Pennsylvania's oendition,
cspd shall Make bold to assume for it the phihnio- •
gl y d Zkii hie written itself nestles the facts of a
England is aecustpmed Waren her supremacy ~ .
in mem:finnan ef every kind is the possession ,
auldeveloinent of her, iron and' c0a1.,. Penturyl-.
vanliscompares with tin closely in this primary
condition of induattiel I development. , Curiously . i
*enough the amino of the United Kingdom iti -
IMOf they maybe taken to indicate - the rates of '
its prodmffees, stow e striking resemblengle in ,'
thateroportint of iron and steel and their Mann- • •
fies a the total ()tithe manufatturee ofboth ' . •
;moaning of the united gingdont4-; '•l his great
staple and ifoundaticm Produet;-which is bel ie ved
to support end role her other industries,amoun
ted to no more than eight and one tenth per cent. '
of the tad of British arid exports ; while iii: ~.
Perinifylvnla, as we bin 80804 the Icon product. ".•
aye jinn, semen and terothirdaper cent. of the val. ._.-
ne of Mir menufebtures. 4-The total British ..
and I rish' of 1865 werahight hundred and
four in lia rs ; the bon and steel, he., were. •
sixty-de& two hundred knit thirty-nine
thousand ve hundred and eight do/lars and eight , '
min. 1 P nets of Pennsylvania 110860 Were
two b and Meaty million onelmodred and .
twenty thocisend ohs hundred and eighty- •
eight • ber loin; twenty-two Minion two '.
t .
i hundred d'illgy thousand dollari.• . • . .
tri Vinion, however, both among . experts in Maui.
arid gill ordinarily intelligent cheer- 11
Vers,= as trying the mainepring of a gw••• '
orally di • Med and prosperous .'system Of m*
&lain • kof the amply • and yield of native • -
woo, - '•' .. • "laborite* are accustomed to say.",
of the • • beds which tuiderlie so e large a por,
tinClf the kingdom 'that.. they are vasty more
precious •an mince Of 1 Wel:racier"' middle, like ,
thou of P • • and Mexico,would have been; that' .CI
itis the •• . ••• •of her Oral .mines blob has i .
••-. • :, M -,•in in relation to the old world . i:' , . - :
wi l t
what acit is to th e rural district, which mounds - •
it--the p • baser. aid dispenser' of the Varian t dC .
products o art and' industry. Rem, se , in the . •-
proportion of the value of England's iron to her' -
total man , sctures, which we fondle be eight
•.r cent., very .closely porresponds •tO that of •
• • • . Moran was 'seven and ,two thirds ' •
per beet, manufactures in 1800, and Probably
bests that ratio ander ill. subeequalcintresse.
'So la the , nekton -of coif. Greet • Britain in
1887znine;03
one hundred and one million tone Of
a oal,'Worth St ty villain pounds sterling, which
is se near; Id may' be to seven per cent. of the
total s valgeof her indostriid production, in the '
you, which her on statistitrians put it ut
serge audited and twenty Million pounds. e' -
value ante emit mined in Peensylvania, in 1 , •
It
amounting tic eighteen and three quarters mn-
-lionloan,; Urd a gold valve giceording to the rate
of Woes in 11360, of twenty - three and A half mn-
, lion &Dent Which is within,. a
,trtflant seven per 1 ' •
cent. oldie total industrial pro:lntim tof the .
Stateith4lie likerate of prices.,
1 I Adria nth* that the aggremte value of all
the industries of 'either Great Britain or of . say .
ohe or all the States of this Union Is tmen app,rox- ~
'finite'y am by the exports of either country ;
' bat I believe it WC" ferny that the errors in each
are so early equal thit the ratio here taken may _
hick Whet th expo n en t- coal and iron
.shoold thu s be the, and probably . .
the cause, of the other Mammies of-a nation fa- •
vorably eituated for their development . need not
be argued: It is enough that are found -in the -- .
ocuistaneconnection of which Great Britain and .
the State of Permsylvenia exhibit non sinking
examples of conatorened. 'There it one feature • -
in them, however,' that looks self it might go far
to account for the fact that they than serve as
bins of, all manufactures. It L this : their pro- ,
ducts, from the rudest to the very bighorn powers ' '
which human skill can bestow non them, hate ' : -
pearly their whole value made up of Wages, Of the ,
earninge•of those - Wine of labor and lildliiiibiedi . •
Woe* he utterly wasted: if • net 'employed 'neon ,-..
them ; so .that their:great value In. the market is'
created from nothingexcept the *Ade and gaim.
cles thee were othend s-,sentelesor- worse , than 1 '
• useless; to the publici weak .-And, from this oth- , '
err aamideratioty-thit while the fabrics of the . -
-vegetathr arid animal world go forthwith into •
conimmption : those of Mal and iron am together .
the chief of those stopeateue agencies which are -
=
ad pin -reproduction of values„ and' that
them the other luttficial labor in the
workshop/ of thorankrerster, either liquid , or in'
vapor, , _ltould tinface fpe the s ervices even
al savage lif e .. • . . .
1 I may, not detain the Elam upcin a thi
much fitter, and so well fitted withal, for
- olloPtheal 011 4 1 7, BIM In inifticient detail to i
its prominent features' and captivating beat
I cannot 'saws upon the patience of- an 1
nos even for thepurpose of amiyin'g.tho-poi
which I have Blade in their most effectife order.
I =boa, them for their suggelittsen to the'
minds of thoughtful men. •To ownsind, though -
they are bat a few i d the - multhdde of facts and i
pinch:dm ftcat which they am' selected, they yet
miffictently sustain the d •e of protection to _ •
the industry, capital, aptl enterprise ,upon which :
ear wallets now morwlhan ever,
at lent mare',.:
hort and furtively than ever, de
pend. , wnim ( / .. . .
• Permit me wto alremerd application of
my erg . C rID itapurpose by quoting .the-ma- •. ~. .
tared opinlons - of two of the most emmeot_Aving „• 1
etatmpuen of Frans. Count de Moray, Mince • `..
madder at the time.-the.Anglo-Freneb trigtry of •. ,
MO we. larder negotiation, said, "Protection Is .
the tugs to free trade."" This one sentence is a .•
mmantsityaf all Weary. hi the mattez of -interns-
Wand onnuteree as it affecte national welfare. Not ' -
a sin halt everbeen gained by any nation toward' , ';
true tared= of anda bat, by the system of pro- I, ‘
Section Which =rue productiv,e Industries into ' i
the maturity aid in which in. due
time disperiese with father sandbag:4a This
man ia'ad the great, ascticalvtatearinui was ut-. -
tared while the Cioblert treaty was yetn
t he deba tellay-
Eight yang after its ptioo, on lgth ot•I . •
IlltE, in tbeleghdative ado Assembly of Prance. X. ,
Thie* whose manslane is authority. as well as •
In= and theory ae in practical seine, in an
,
ve. argument upon the condition and - '
wage* of the industrial ',iterate. of Eteure, -
• eislie upon ita
.Legislature end Its •Ernperdr to, -
1 . "Beserre the canoed ":market for, the tuitional -
F labor.". The pr spout is that civilized Earns and
.an the ding nationalities among the'Britiehde, •
pendencles will more and more, as they are dile, •
, entude Minn goods from their markets,", A • '
lit is all the more necessary that weehall detend ,`
, our labor from the ilearimulating Ws and the•
accaninlating necenity. that England-will feel' for ...'
deluging us with her fabrics. cheapened bY, the ..
desperation to which her capitalists are driven.
, 1 • _ _ ,
turerci Aline of anon i of tits Produkams 'of Permla- • .
. I '. eania „for :liad. • • • A
trot of all kinds.. 2 ,, • • • • • e22,nottooo ,:
Coal, antascits and bituminous . • • • •• 14.mheos ,
Woolen add Cotten goo& • : - . 2oesteit •,•
Boots, shoes. and clothing
.• 29• 83 9:142 ''.•
Leather and lareass , • ~ ; ,• 1T.000,000.
~s,
Mau sad efed ' I • • ;- 49,125,5111
•
Sawed
stameuallumbernsi.
carriages,
. -1,4410na,"
and -
2g `
. ./CNTA: IS2 ;. - '
mutual Implements . • ,
.: 1t,50i,40:1 '
The teodnetkin of tron arid cal Mahatma very.
rapidly Mtn 1869. (Over 'thirteen miiiihn tom of an-, ,
tante coal alone wilt be 'mined .1.0 1568, at an aver t ; -
sgto tom including rant and Literal toils, of ten dol.: •
lan per um. It is now Whiting the cast of production
Ina tuna that moms do without' it, and mg vies •
value at the "Mad of navigation"' mayi therefore, be -
pm at site,ooo,ooo. 1 , .
--- ituch internam andvaluabhudatiattcel !fitments • -
compiled fromlbe publication" of that distin=d •
and most halehttigeble Journa li st, Benjamin e .
t.:. ei the Pottsville Yams* Jornit, has teen ' •
noVIn order Oa& it may be Introdgced Man se. •
releting Id additional railway commuidatains '
Kthe authredte coal fields ! . .., A• -,
. ' , French pener, advertising for an -editor, pay white in prison.
•
1W
e l t
" . a printet go kaingrj , , When he ..
can Aiwa. his work into pie r-. - '-. ..•
151,110 n . B. I Dodge, the' "wrerkingmin" of -. r.
the Agri Department at . Washington; is .• -.
star coutribratorM the OhirOrarmer.
- trio stoolmaker% catalcgoa lately appeared ..
- Os lolloning ante* ~ " 31smoirs of dlimies.the • -,
lc
Filed—with .. a head at • y executed," . •
..
.. • -
: , • c.. .. . wretab 'of '..- editor eers that - moth-
er twist to tbeliterati e of "doing i np" the
isobar hair wouldltake the -off 'their feet. • '
i sirens M' ourreithazigesi praises an egg which ..
limp -
"errs laid on oar tabk) 4 ll chi:at/iv,
ftith,". Kr. Smith seeinist r o . ba layman ar will
as a' Minister. 1 - - ~- . . ,-. . •-. •
' arrbe !Whoring •is one of the. two .or . Wee ~
heals timEngilsh language that read precisely. %,
the backammt se- ..forward; "Sang A. raw :
ersa. / ' I saw Inn hi .gons." •• • ' , ,i-. -...
sews to.he enders don& Dims- ')-
.
dailmm u 4 t reaently wearied theni, and '
' alie
A" ootroMondent . writes:
'VW Wriest* es if the • plea-war baler de- ..
aintedi\ v .Omaha etto never. get flp. the setae ex. ,
estareeed Mahe did this WWII. • in.ray *Mon .
011, 10 dfisolfor 714111- to C* S n ei 1164 it th e - OW), '
its. =i ll t hey. would - . coincide. with ' wt.', ,-
Two
iv p i thm Vas "oot. a store ,to be
giiii2liv e thr . .
.Toiday • Mere are sixtrate
1 firtionge Nally of leti:Grindiesudste of Lim- 1 .
I gilt sad-. fre. Otantj Fred*** a yontli,of. 18; . '
r*o
odles stWert P`dat d ; j 141 eme . il.lr. ; Aunt 15' .
.
. le ter,
olishiti.
an _ , *pa Juis, tilt. . .
M. hissed , after e Oeuersra ham -
is iimbribed sa!'-a many - Ms
.10111 Ma WI, whom eve ' kirem, , -
' andolsessew .1 sabright lad lithe siiniet
= th= coillluawil *6 iPub..-44:11111