ounta
_
'PA-
itssti
i ti o r rinsoutc, mac •
. .
There is no doubtrthat we were saved du-•
ring tiie Rebellion from tenons cctinplication
With Engiand by tire diplomacy Of,Mr. Se*:
and; ibe'Astedeen Secretary of State,, and by
thesttgadty, experience,,well regulated tem
tier-and .prettical commonsense' :of Lord
Palneriston;theEnglish Premier, We had
great 'and grieCons cause ofcomplamt against
the English Government, growing out of the
viOlerion of 'strict neutrality, in permitting
the departure from its ports of vessels to de-
Predate upon our commerce. It was hoped
that anti the Rebellion had been subdued,
_a just ,and equitable claim for damages would
be entertained -by England; and if "necessary,
aid:omitted to arbitration. Possibly, if Lord
Palmerston had -lived such' a claim -Would
baVe received " from him courteous attention.,
Stich however, is not the treatment accorded
• the question by his successor, Lord. Russell.
Pressed closely by Mr. Adanas on the ques
tion, of England's liability for damages, be
evatiesa decided reply ; says that ,England
did all shenould to prevent the construction
and ' fitting out of pirates., 'she could - riot stop
Mem; and in fact, the United States must
mike the'beist of an inefficient Foreign En
listment Att.. - •
• Noir, lite-tendency of this curt,.unsatisfac
. tory, ire might justly say in.sulting conduc t
of Lord Russell; is to create war feeling in
' the naindesf the American -people... This
Government asks in a respectful but firm
manner, that our people who have suffered
serious lass from the piratical acts of vessels
built, fitted 'orit - and manned in English ports, -
strait receive compensation. If it.be denied,
although we have just emerged from a pro
tracted and_ bloodY civil war, though our
public debt is heavy ; though peace would be
highly appreciated by our people, we must
again buckle on the armor and compel , by
force of arms, that justice which we are de
nied after courteous application.
`Lord 'Russell has the reputation of bullying ,
small powers while, he is obsequious 'to the
great. But if he quarrels with this nation
under the impression that we have been
weakened by the late war into the position
of a second-rate power, he "reckons without
his host," and will find his bill a heavy one
when he comes finally:to settle it. The en
tire course of the Engliih GOvernment .from
the time' the - pirates Alabama Railed from
LitterpOol to the releasing unconditionally,
oiCaptaisWaddell of the Shenandoah and
his ruffian crew has - been , . . one of
bitter hostility to this country. We are
in no mood to take in addition, the insults of
the English Lord. Much more of it will
• bring on war; a contest
_in comparison with
Which all previous contests between the two
countries. - ere but child's-play.
We do not believe that the people of Eng
land—those who stood up nobly for us du--
ring our contest with the slaveholders--de
sire war with ns. We hope that the Liberal
men of England headed b 3 .7 Bright and Mills,
will throw the weight. of their influence in
favor of a just and equitable settlement of
our claim. We trust 'that .they Will aid in
bringing Lord Russell to reason, and preserve
•a. peace which his indiscreet conduct is so
seriously jeopardizing. For he cannot -pre
vent the 'eventual paymenthy England of
_adeq - uate compensation for damage& sustain
_ edhy American commerce from British pi
rates. The sooner he is broughtrto a clear
realiAtion of that fact the better it will for
the good feeling which: Should exi s t bet Ween
the people of the two .coum ries. We hope
for the best, but are prepared for the worst
THE 111:ESS4GE.
The message of President Johnson is before
the people and is as favorably received by
them as it was by Congress on the day it was
read before both Houses. Owing to the pe
culiar position of the country just 'at the
close of the Rebellion, the message was looked
forward to with great : interest. • it is an
- able docqment, and is spassages asserting that
traitors should be punished and the offence
made infatnous, , and: at the same time, the
question judicially settled, filially, and forev
er, that no State of its own will has the right,
to renounce its place' in the Uniou; that a tax
on travel and merchandise inn - their tiansit con
stitutes one of . the waist kinds of - monop
oly, and the evil is increased if coupled with
a denial of the choice of routes; and;the Pres
ident's declaration that the justification. of
England in' fitting out cruisers during the re
benign, cannot be sustained before the tribu-:
nal of , nations, and that - the friendship be
tween the two countries must hereafter rest
on the basis of mutual justice will challenge
the adfniration of all. To Congress now that
the anti-slavery Amendment has been adopt
e.d, belongs the • matter of reconlruction, in
the 'President's opinion. If the freedman
is fully protected' in his rights, and feels as
sured in that protection, the President he._
lieves that he will work. The President looks
to the use of the legislative power of the na
tional governmeht to protect the freedmen
against oppression by - .the planting aristocra
cy. He says, emphatically, "We shall but
fulfil our duty as legislators by according
equal and exact justieeto all men. special pri
vileges to none." -These sentiments indicate
that the President looks to Congreca to coin
plete the work of reconstruction, and. fo per
fect such legiilatiop as will prOteet the rights,
of the freedmen: Had the President saki
that the freedinert . should receive at the hands
of the country the right of suffrage, the ma
jority of the Amezican people would approve
it. Be_ thinks however, that it is a matter
which should-be regulated by the respective
States On this question there is a differ
ence_of opinion in regard : to the manner of
, conferring the right, but "President Johnson
himself a Southern man, - . believes that -the
true * interests 'of the South demand that it
should be granted. We would have-Con
gi.eis require it as a condition of reconstruc
tion, and thus consummate what may be de
layed fora long-time, if the rebellions States
are reconstructed without the condition:—
Wetave no more ',room. to review the Ines:
Sage fully. All should read it with the care
which its able treatment of important, pub
' lic.subjects warrantK,
Coprierhead organ says that Capt.
Pettit, keeper of the military prisons on the
senthern shore of the Potomac, who it: to be
tried for alleged extortion_ and cruelty to pril
+toners, should be hung. If he is guilty, no
body will take issue with the organ on that
point. Our poqition is, that parties commit
ting crime,' no matter what their poaition
may have been, should be adequately pun
ished.. We not only believe that. Jeff. bavis
should be punished, but
_we feel that justke
wlll be cheated if the miserable Copperheads
of the North who piled up 'the public debt,
rendered drafti necessary, and 'caused the
• slaughter • of thousands of brave "Northern
soldiers, are not brought to account for their
crimes.
A. COLORED 'DEMOCRAT: 4i. is Stilled flint
the Demoaatic candidate for the ,State Sen
ate in New . Bedford, Bedford, Massachusetts, at the
late election was a negro, "as black as night's
sable curtain." The Repliblibans nomina
ted a white man, • and in Order, to catch the
*elms of black'men, the Dadocracy pnt up a
negro. But the colored voters could not be
deluded, and the Republican white man was
atimalrog.9i* TitEyll33:llol)Eliqci?
By - the anneiei) summarT*of Mr. 31401-
loch's statement of iMbhe deht, foE•Oie
month ending Noverati**), iB6s,:rit* be
perceived that the exhitilt,ia very groi6irig.
In tact it is muCkmore*piclqua . `San had -
been tOiced for; end Alf go farto "'lmre:the
publie.:tifiiit policy of rcSit*Wion, whet
was entered upon bYlitr,.
Months ago, was unllerii*Oziff, OarTifit;l4 4
Will be: 'prosecuted Wadilk. s ' Siitcelbeflist
ef-Octhberceramlourdebrhati-?:Wii'ff
duced twenty-six and a quarter inilliorfiaf
-dollars. At the close of liovemher the, ag,
gregale debt wa542,.714.E43,414:•75,fandfr0m
the progress iircOpinade, rendered
certain that before.the close of.the
,year the
total will be hrought 'below c. 2.700,000,000.
Bach sueceeding Month bringi its .bliare of
is?ductiPArsbewing..that-this•is nowthe-Prin;
citial financial point in our policy,.. and- that
the 'aim of the, national 'government is to bring
down the burden • of debt steadily - .while we
have peace, thereby economizing, our resour
ces for a future day of heed. A notable fact
alai?, in this stfitement, is a farther reduction
of the volume of legal-tender currency •some
seven millions:. •. * •
Whole debt deducting hinds on
-.hand Oct. 1et.:.41U '. ' —62,740: '8.34,73
• Do. • do.. . . Nov: 30. 2,714,633.314
Decrease ... . .. $26,221,441
Pebt bearing-int.. .*
in cob; Oct, 31. : .51,167,137,691
Do. • do. d 0..., ' Nov. 30.•.'. 1,177 531 144
•• #lncreitie ... .. . ..
Debt bearitig• interest in currency, • • •
0ct..31 .. . . .51,191,819,787
Do.. do, . do.. liov: 30:1,177,31,149
• Decrease
Accountml fox' as follows :
Temporary; October 31. ,
.• Do. . Notember 30 ••
OomOound Interest Notes, Oct. 31... $173,012;141
- do. Nov. 30.:. ' 167,91.'2,141
Certificates ot-Indebt. Oct_ 31.,
Do. dci- Nov. 30.:
. .
Increase . . : .. .
Pacific Railroad Bonds, increase
Net, decreaae in Currency;...:sl4,2Bb,63B
Coinr.in band October 31
• - - Ro. .7. Nor. SO:. .
locrease . . . . .
Increase derived. . "from deposits on
• Gold CertifietitCa
Currency on band Oct. 31...
. Do. .. - Nuv. •31)
• ' Increase' ... ... . '516,186,550'
Legal Tenders in cire'n, Oct: '633,709,611
. Do. • • Nov. 626,290.438
. .
Decrease • - $:7,41:1,173
"This is accounted 14 by the additiOnal issues
of Five-Twenties in exchange for Legal-Tender
Notes.
The National Debt is' not FeurThousarid
.
Million .Dollars..as the
. Copperbeids say it
iS; hut It would . , have - - exceeded . :-
,even
FOUR T/TOL - SA.ICD MILLIOS ,OrDOL
LARS'if they had controlled the.mauageinent
of the war. They Were an awful hungry-crew
and there WoUld - haveheen 'no - end to their
stealings.• - But thank. God,• the :people are
rapidly putting them.in a positkin where they
Will: not .be„ able - to .do.the rotintrrmnch
harm. The. recent elections have tolled the
dea9t- knell of Popperheadism...•
EDITOR'S TABLE.
. - . . .
" ANON•rmoua."--our eOirtmnnication*;".daied
"Chirlotte County, 'Va.." ea:unot receive attention
at our handy, becauae it is not def`oinfoinied by a
re.4pOnsible name. Send your hameit.you . think
proper, and we will review your position.. - ' •.. -
, . .
L41,.DY 1 BOP.—The _number_ fo Jan
uary. 1866, is remarkably flue. We rarely have
seen its superior froin thelands, of friend Godey,
its veteran publisher.. The contents are :.
"The Farewell Sermon," a . verY .superior . line
engraving.. Godey!s usual splendid plate of Col-,
tired FashiOns. 'The Eccentric Slipper, printed
in colors, price, in the, stoma Seventy-five. cents.
Waiting for.the Coach,
.another plate printedin
Colors. .A Title4iage; engraved on steel, contains_
six pictures; entitled "A String of Pearls."- Holi
day Amusements, a huinorous engraving. New
lityles.of Bonnets... Cushion Cover in 'Crochet.—
Frent and Back view of the Bella Coat. , A Robe
Dress. The - . Eustache . Jatiket, front" mid Wok
view, Bruad-Cloth; Netting. covering . two pages.
Novelties for. Jatiary':
.dree'a Dresses, CaptS, Boatc6 for wear
ing under llfantlete iu cold - weather, a -very us foil
article; Turkish Embroidery, und other Embroitle:
.ry patterns ; Postage-stamp Case, a. beautiful toy;
Which catr be made for - fancy t.ins ; Cross for
; : leafshaped:. Work-case ;' Doll's .
Cuft and Collar, in Embroidery : Crochet Cuff and'
Yclerine ; Traveling Dressing-ease,- a most ntiefur
article ; Knitted Knee-cap for Ladies; indispenei
ble for winter. • There is work'enough in the Jan
uary raimber to occupy any lady. for a year.
' • Marion Harland -commences, her new • Volume,
"Thipah's Idols," and it be, continued
throughimt , the year_; this' alone,. is ;worth' the
price - of the LatlY's Book, The celebrated Story.
of "Mrs. - . Washington Potts," br•the Lite Miss .
Eliza Leslie, is in this number. Mrs. N. V. Vie,
•ttir, ;Miss S. Annie Rest,. and .Belle . 11tithalge,
alsolcontribiita„ making thc januarY : nuniher cel
ebrated as a literairas as' fashionable one.
Now is an 'excellent time to form clubs - for ; the
Book, commencing with the new VoltiMe. • .
goad gttfaim.
• Weekly Almanac. - ••-
__
ii 1365.—nec. 4 1 1 . 'execs GRANGES.
min errs 1
-------
9 SATURDAY„ .. 7 13 , 4 331 E s uil M 21 4S evn`g
AO SUNDAY 7 . 1414 33; Last - Q..11 . 7 17 evn'g
11 Mori DAT 7 . 15 i 4 33 . New M. 17 11 49 ern'”?
-
12 TUESDAY. '7
15 4 331 First. Q. 23 723 mn'g
13 WEDNESDAY. 7 - Dirt .3.$
1 tTitonsnAy ... 7 11:4 33 1
. .
15 FRIDAY ' 7 17'14 34 , -.
Fiftieth' Sunday of 'the year,tind
Dity's.length, 9 hOure and 19
T6-morrow.
"second : in- Adve .
minutes.
Albert Shicerstein ut Tamaqua, had one orhie
low broken on tlie • Catawmaa Railroad:.last
-Shitre!‘" makes a suggestion
. which we
will take into ecnisideration - next week, out space
being too limited . • • .
• •
•
A lorgi fly. wheel•in, the . Fii3libach Rellhig . Mill
bpiet list week.. Na material damage hey dlthe
lireakiiig of the wheel, wee sustaiuod„ • •
. . .
. Cora.—Tonathan ANA advertisealhat
will deliver a good - quality of Broken, Egg and
Stove at $5 50, and Cliebtunt at . „54 . 50 per ton. See
- advertisement foi plaqes whi.tr•orAltxs
• . . .
Mr. Lewis litiehier;.df the Uninn
inherits $150 . ;000 by thir death of a rtlatii:e
in Germany. His brother, Charles Buehler, por . -
tor bottler. of .ilarrisbur•-' • inherits . a similar.
. ,
A Doily .Paper.—We understand
itieharde Smith have, made arrangements .to
"einnmettee the publication .. .of. a, daily weer . hire
on tite lst'promme, te, he -named the "Pottsvill e Daily :Qewa."
. . .
. . . . .
Rivianr's .3filititre.l3.— , ..Thia troupe of -minstrels,'
formerly Christy's,. will give. an - eniertaininent in
the Townllan this everiing.• It frill be their - elo-
Sing enneert here..• In their line .they are: inithi. ,
table performers, - .... '.. •.• ~•' - •. .. -. .. ':- - •
• ~.
Mr; -Stankoindeltis on.a. visit here and stopping
at Drtirnheller's Hotel,where:orders for piano tu
ningobpairing, etc., caribe (eat Mr..Leim . -
mer's music titoie. Mr. S.. will remain here for
about two weeks.: •• • : • • • • • :
ColdSnop:--.The tibia veered round to theviorth
on Tliursibiynibt; and yesterdaywas quito'Cold.
Ine.ati 'inch in thickness, was formca. This sud
den visitation :bus.' stoppi.d building improve
manta, and . . wi 1 if it. bontitioes for, a few . days.
close - the Canal. . . '
. .
. . .
..Inftirmation ...is Wanted o f the w h e reaboutseb of
Franklin BuCher,: . a tailoi,- and Miss Rebecca ' An
:thony,' both late of PinegroCe, • 'Arkir •information
concerning the•partieiVill be thankfully received
by the father of lielicces.. Addiess George -An
thony,. Pine Grace, Bchnylliill County; Pa, : : .
.
ifightecty Wedhesday oflast week
ainan named Feather,- Who drives for. J. Geist
of Mahanta kn.' was stopped 'no the road by three
men Flit) presented revulVers at hid breast and
demanded his; Money. They robbed him of. a'
pocket book containing about $6O- " •
EZ I elision ..of
.hralways. 7 .The.Lehigh and
haw)). nailroad has been .extended to Centralia.
With the constrnetion..or three-miles: Inure. the
.roadAtill reach 3lnnnt.Carrtiel, - ... • • .
-. Philadelphia and Reding Railroad Com- .
pally is ratendink the Mahatior and BroailMoutt
tain Railroad - to Monet Carmel. -
. . .
.11.(asanic.--11.t. a• . stated .. conimunication:....of
Schuylkill Holylloyalliichehapter, Number 159,
held. at Miners illo on the 30th of November, :the
following officers 'were, elected for the ensuing
Masonic year :.--Comp. William H. ; H.
P.,. Felix &Wats . ; K.; John Stdrner ; Sc. John
Fisher • Treasurer , '. .1. F. G. Knmeins,.SecretarY. •
. .
..Ifusitsit.--Itr; James- McDonald of Blooms
burg- for many' years a Piano Forte maker iu
New York city, is now 'stopping for a-short time
at the. klorthiler House where he will receive" or=
dere for trining, repairing and regulating Piano
Fortes And Melodeons. • Mr. Mbllonald .. brings
strong reeconiniendatiottof.: ,mipaetty as a
tuner and repairer. "• . • •
•
Fire permis were baptized into the fellowship.
of 'the Ilaßtist Church au kat thihday. evenius,
before au nurnindse dinigrrga_dcse Otbak. splU
go forwardlintbitainprey ' nte ardiriance_on gnu
day evening next. Ttui meetings in their house
nu 3.1 street are unabated in interest, a large ma
jority of the. couvcrts heitv beads, of reuites.—
'fhey are expectedly be Conanded forsome time.
: •
• •
.sirei r g — Iftia;r 2 7.,:oni Riitre here,W
Ildio2Sisy -rikt fling; kit, ',OF .adtery. ftecell= l .
fiiittonni#:#
U.tt,s, •‘.,-4 •
-ft• •
Ogrogliaille *as welLatteOiail
read - ra
tiThlPri Weak entiti Th_Sistfi
-1(101.c* queetim woe prnu
Diesara ndMazeti in the affirdiative a
Meeers.Torrey, Sherman and Martz in the nega
tiye. Dr„guis„. H. Messier williesture ,01a...31.302-•
*Slung nest, and Vie
• be i tggatuageg •
••• • • •
•••'3ll*-4411duknor-I:o3.'"AioszstWif irtsMist iZes . '
-•
• ilaith of Mr.' Walliza • . . • .
-in Lock Haven, on Monday, the 27th ult. He
one of the first settle.bi inVidimmy City, when:
hal:out a sash. and do*. faeting sad 14,,iffiXigi
Skid. :4i
thik!drity.toin"?:w.hii blew am engine;
whistlein this valley. 'Ha left !this place
spring of. 1864 and went to Leek Haven, where he
carried on the same businels, in connection;with
dumber, for about a year; He then went tO. the
oil region to try his fortune, but before . `
meeting.
with
Fatel..Aceitlent on the: Mill Creek.
-GeOrge - Bath, a voting man 20 years of age, sod of.
Conrad !A:D . 4)14(1v sslo.Wnshipi Berke Conn
t,y, inet..with: a ,fatal ....accident* at, St. Clair,4hia
'CotitY, Sattirdiy,ithe 2d -iest. lie was in
the - employ . of the . Philadelphia and :Reading
Railroad': Company: as brakestnin,Aind,while
train running between lit. Clair and Palo Alto
Was' movingAiong -at a; slow. rate.of
. speea he at
tempted tottosen ono of. the breaki, andin doing
so slipped and fell on the track.- About twenty,
.cars'passed over one of. his legs, - nningling it in a
shcicking . mannerfrom above the knee :. to the an
kle, and he received - other injuries: The
limb was amputated just below' the thigh, tont
• this was imavailing.:to-save his life_' died 'in
the. evening, about nor hours after the accident
occurred.. Ilia remains were interred in the Potts
tOwn (3lontgome4 C•olltitY)Cemeterytin
t 6,893,457
•
Tlim;krgirin' was duty.' observed here .on
Thursde last.. Places at - businees , were .elosed; .
and 'divine servicewig—held in' the various Churches ., Sermeini - Of hankfulneei that. , Peace.
once 'mote abideaWith the nation,. were Treach
:ed, and sincere praise eftered up . .that 'the - foul
blot of slavery has 'been' 'eradicated:-fromthe
national. escutcheon. We had :the . pleasure. of
hearing Dr. .Plumer of the - Second. Presbyte
rian etinreh.. He preached an intereliting',_ in
structive. sermon,. init . commenced - his .•sub
ject wethought;.too far back in the fifteenth cen , .
tory to get much nearer modern. events thin-the
Revolution. Although a fine statis- teal ditiaciurse,.
it was arisatisfactory.to us, for u.e desired.to bear
the Doctor's views on the national subjects:grow.:
iug out of the .lats. War, to -advert to which : at
length, would Unquestionably, have been appro
priate .tin. .day - appointed by: he President; for
rrejoking over victory and ace.: 'But slight...ref,
erence wae.made hi:Dn . -Phut - ter to the ratter..:
1.1,283,638
599,107;745
.8%523,107'
$6,u0t),000
$55,94ZAH)
55,921,0 W
$16,1,A
1,280,000
$1,296,000
‘f,Deniocratte a
'inty,:Meelini7.—A .meeting of
the sti-called .Democracy orSchuylkill County,
Was held at the. Court House i ithis liorough;on
Monday. afternoon last,.to take into conekleratien
the question -of • revieing their present Delegate.
system. - •A:rePart from the County Committee;
giving two • delegates . ..to. ea, h . .election dietrict,.
the.exception of a few of thelargeet townships.
hi which the number was increasedoviis.not
ed. tuitiinittee 'of thirteen was thee appointed'
•tki - whom the whole. matter was referred, Pend
fog the-absence of the. Commiftee, the. meeting
adjourned to • receive its report, at . the amnia!
County :meeting in' June next.. -Some, the
"Deno Brats'"' present were warmly opposed to
any change : as . :tif them it wears . tlie .
appea.faneo
pf,a to eliouse the strong t`Demoifrai
le diStricts out.of.therfoll representation to which
they are entitled. They - 41M nut hesitate to so
press thein.;,;lves. The - meeting evident IY .thengli t
, it prudent to
. po.stpone . . action in the. niatter.-‘,
. Hence its hasty adjournment. before 'the commit
tme.of thirteen had 'a chance to report:
$34,5%,987
•
47,224,379
$12;09,391
0,200,4441
33,800.591
44,587,14 L
- .Choofin;) Ayair..-LOn Tuesday morning last be•:,
tween.l2 and 1. o'clock, .three men,'two
g to this Borough and' one to Dlount -Carbon;
recut to a house or ill-repute in 'Third street shove
'kept. by liteplien Beers. Heating
bind rarping at the Cellar .door Leere':. atirse
frotn his bed and went down with a - -lanip
hand. Ht ii.qciied. c.howas there;Withont open,"
- ing the door,. when the nieWga[vo..their names..
.Beers told them that they could not-enter,`as it
was too late: • ;Beers, then went frOm the back.
door to the stuns. - leading 'abtive, When • stidden 7 .
ly - the door and -casing were broken 'in,•.and the
men -entered: ,
.Beers - Ordeied• them . to',go mit:
.They - did not go lint anprOached-trim an] - took .
tlie.lamp from Apiantiamed Snyder aboar
,der thaliOnSe, Who was in.".bed, - . hearing the
noise; an *.se and - .came down stairs:to 'Bee: what
was going on. The. men chased him to -his 1.1 , 0111,.
pas Sing Beers On the stairs. , : . An altercation then
-took .place.: ()min.' which the light . Was eit
gashed. - . - Dnrini r the Melee-one. of the men who •
town, caught hold •- of Beers, Ishii tired
a shot - from a,-pistol, the ball entering the.abdo
. men -of his assailant.' As 'the wounded- tri ah
treated srterbeing struck, Beers tired 'two shots
more, ..bot h - t ering the.fretrea ting 'man's
back. The Wounded man, was-taken to" Dr.
offiee,. and after Wards reMOved.to his
.residetiel!. His condition'.yeaterday'gare strong
. hopes that hewould. recover.- . •
MESSAGE OF _THE_
President of the United State%
• .
eilizevs of the:Se . n . aie..a)id.ffou,se. of Rep-
Tn eipress gratitude teGod, in the name 011ie peo
ple. fOr the. preservation of the 'United Stettert•ls my
• fiNt !luta' itr addressing you..' Our thoughts next revert
tO the death of the, lite Free - Wei& by air act. of:parritirlal
treason. The grief of thenation is still fresh it finds
some soinceinthe consideration that he lived to enjoy
the highest proof of -its confidence by entering on the:
renewer, term or the Chief Megletracy.. to which he had.
been elected': that- he' .brought the civil war substrata
tinny- to e.einge that his lose was deplore& in, atl.parte
or the tinfoil and that . ..foreign nations have tendered
justice to his' memory. • ICE- -
.removal: cast ppmn me a
heavier weight !rt.-cares than dyer devolved • upon, shy
'one of his predecessors, •To fulfil. my twist I need. the
Support and confidence of All.. who are associated '.with
nie in the - various departments of Goveimnent. and the
• suppOrt and confidence:of the people: . Therere,liet One
way in Which I can hope to gruntheirnecesSiity aid': 'it
15..t0 stote.with frankness the principles :;which guide
my conduct.' and. their 'application to. the , p-esent state
of affairs. well aware that the, elliciency of my. labor! ,
will. in u: great measure, depend on yOur and their,ma
divided ri•pproleition : .• . •• - _
Of the' United States of •Anierica W 9.9. in,
tended by its-authorai to last as long as the States them.
selves shall* hist. Ter. Unto:; .snob. ne.rs.seeruet
are the wards of the Oinfederritlian. • "Too room A !tone
ectiesep byte ordinance of the peOple of the.
United States. is the declared purpose ofthe
th. Gonstitn
a The hand of Divine'PE ovidence• W' nasever more
plainly visible in the affairs of men than in theft:ming
-and the 'adoption of that instrument. It:is:beyond
comparison. the ereetest.event In American history : •
•and indeed is it not..of all dvents in moderittimest the
mitt pregnant with 'consequences• fcir every people •of
'the earthy
,The niembenc•of the Convention which
prepared it, brought to theirtiork theexperienceof the.
Confederation. of their ; cavern] States, and of other Re
'publican oovernmentst old Mid new .biat they
. nts ded
and thefobfained a' wisdom superior to .eiperhtce
And when forits . validity it required the approval of a
people that -occupied a large parterf a- continent and .
acted seplitatelv in mony.distinct conventions. ,what is
mote wonderful thmithat. after earnest ceintention and
)(Mg discuSsion, alrfeelings and all' opinions were Ulti
mately domain one, way to its support '•••• • • ,
' The Constitution ri which rife woe thus .imparted
contains within itself ample resources for its own press'
eivat ion, It hitepower, to •enroree the laws :timish
treason: and insure demestie • ttatignility. - •••• In case or.
' the usurps:hitt of the government of al State. by 'One
Man. Or eat Oligarchy, it. becomes the duty ..of .the 13n1-
ted-Stateo totutke good the guarantee to that State of
a republican form. of government. and so to rriaintain
the homneeneousness or all.. therapsmef time
reveal defects? •. A atomic:lll6de olcunendment is Int
•vitted in the•Constiinthin itself, sos that its-conditions .
' can always be made to conformto 'the temilrementsof
advancing civilization Ro.roomis ollOwed•everi.fOr
the thoweit Oft possibilig of its
- coming.- to an end.=
And these powers 'or-selfpreservation have alwayi
been ariserted to their cringriete integrity by - every Pa - -
triolic Chierhieeistrite: , -bY Jefferson and Jackson. net
less than by Washington . and 'Madison. The parting
firlvice, of the Father of his Country. while yet—Pre-Ed- -
dent, to the people, of the 'United State's. Was.' that
"the free Constitution. Which Was the .work of.their.
. hands,' mighthe sacredlymainteined;" end the insingu
tat words of President. Jefferson. held
,and
•ethe preset
vation. of .the General-Gevernment• in its constitution..-
. al vigor, RS - the:sheet anchor or onr• pence at brine and
safety obread." . Thetonstlintien is the work Of ..,the
of the United Suttee'," . and It - should 'be a's in:
• djstriactibie as the people. - ••• • • •••
• It is•not strange that the framers ot the Constit talon.
-Which had no mister in the paSt„ - should. not haveifully:
comprehended the .exaelleuce .of their own •
.work.
• Fitot from a -Struggle against arbitrary powr...many
Patriots !inhered 'tom harrassing fears of au übsurption
of the State•Goceruments by the General Governitent'
and many frein'a tiread .tbot the States wenld hreak
ii.Vay_ from their orbits. •Burthe very Ovalness of our
' should allay the apprehensi 'n •of . encroach , .
meats by the, General Government,. . The subiects that
. cinee.nureaesionably within its jurisdiction are so Cu:
merous, that it e ust ever naturally refus e to be ember
.rassed:hY questioes:therlie beyoudit. ' Were it othei. - .
wise. the Executive. 'would: sink .lnineath the burden.:
:the channels of justice • would be choked legislation•
would beobstrnetedbyezemw: so thk there is% great.
.er temptation to exercise 'spme of the functions of the'
General Government through . the; Slides then to tree,.
• pais On•their rightful',"sphi:re. - -"The absolute acgnies'.
retire In the decisions of the. •Mejority"'was, at the be . :.
ginning of the century, enforced. by Jefferson "as the,
vital principle of repritalics.".and the events of. the lalt•
four years have established. we:till.tiope. forever, that
there lies no appeelteforee... • ' -•
' The .maintenance of the .Union brlngit wfth it ".the
Support of the State Governments in' -sir their rights :"
bunt is not-0ne...6f the rights of any Ste* Government'.
• to-renounce Its% own place-in the Uniok o- tri nullify
the laWs of • the Union. The: largest liberty is to be
maintained in the.diktnislon -of the acts har theFedeial.
Government; but there is, no appeal - from its loWs.
eß
.cept.tothe variras•braeches Of that Government itself;
or to the people, who grant to the inembera of the Leg
ieiat and of the Etecutite Departtnentisto tenure but
a limited one, and in that manner' always _retain the
Owers.of redress, •• •• . - : :
' "'The sovereig nty of the States" is the binguage of
the Colitederacy, awl net the langimee of the ConstltM , , •
• tion. • The Ihtter contra's the emphatic word!! t] . " The.
Constitution, and, the laws of the United Stites which ,
shell be made. - in pursuance thereof, - and: all. treaties.]
made.or whic Shall be • made.under the authority of I
'the United" Statee. 'shill' be the supreme law cif. the'
laud ; • and the' Judges of every. State shall- be boutd - ,
•
thereby- anything in the .Constitution or laws of any
Stateto the contrary nritwithstandimr, " ' •
.;
Certainly the Government of the Malted States, lett
limited' government: and ' sets every . State. govern-,
ment a limited governigent.. With us this ideitof.lims.
itationspieadethrough every fornt.c,ftgerinistnitiOn,
genetal. State: and municipal, - and rests'on the' great
distinguishing principle of the recognition Of the rights
of man. The ancient republics absorbed therndividu-•
•al in the-Shale, pro- cribed his' religion: and controlled
his. activity..., 'The' American system tests On the sOiers,
lion of the equal right. of every went to life. liberty,'
and the pursuit of happiness- to freedom of conscience,
bathe pultute an&exerciseof all his'. faculties As a
consequenem the .State' -Government is limited. as.tM
the General Government. in the interest of Union, as
to the indiVidtual citizen ln'the interest of freedom. '.• •
States. with proper limitations Of 'power, ;are esseM•.•
tial to the existence of the •Constitntimi of. the 'United
States. :At the very Commencement, when weassurniol'
a place among the Nitro of thee:nth: the pechtration'
of Independence was adopted by' .States: so alip .. were%
the Articles of Confederation: and when "the
. people,
Of' the ;Unitesi Ifiatet!". - ordalue& and establiihecl the
•eenstitntion, It-was the. assent of the.l - Stateii one hj
one, which gave it vitality— •In the' evetitloo.. of toy
amendment.. to the Gon'stitut ion, the: -proposition of'
congress neladaihetondrmatlon of States. - :Without
'States. tmegicat branch eirthe goitriunent,
wnnid - be wanting;-. And, if We-lnuk beyond the , letter
of the-Constitution to the &mocha!' Of onFtiintry.: its
esiamityfor comprehending Within ;:its.leStedictrun
east continental empire is dne to.the 'system ofttates.... -
The for, the : perpettial.exhateb &-• of the
statei - lithe eSnpremefettthoiityn -, ttttaicConMittitioW
.ct,t)te United Statest... ,Thipervitotrot the Constailt.
titethriiigt With it me. perpettity of, the- States ; their:
Mutual *rebiticiMulakes i t what fn: onr_pnt
SYStomtbeli , connectlotilit igthasoloble.• The
whole cannot exist • withoitthe' . parts, nor the:porta
withentthelvtiole. •SO long as the Constitution of the
with a tbellmits - of titTate.thatea - , shouldbeheldmicon.
tchttrittlneihriliiiilltisflitt%dittriquithittit??
froth. the President as the bead of ate• army: was the
•firettpiestioir that presented itself for decision.: •-.
•••• • 240Isty.MWterY-maqemtmenta:ststablimhoil forinfindee
twOoff; would havtroffereditribeetuity fin UM early
imp gleaes- thnottitecOnfent; , .would.haye divided the pito
" ple - theTiatnquiehent - and the vanqni.hedt, and
would have-envinhoped hatred • rather than -havere
. stored affection cantina:Wily-. no precise limitto
.theliconlintutat4elwia cenceitabllk ATheywoul&taire
oocasionfid' thealculible - atid. - eithanstin - g , ,eipimse.l
.Penteftil-entigtateioltstosellmi.frrito:..that , POrtionstiifthht
-Mnifittyisone the - bek me:ma - that can bO,thonght oft
for the restoration of harmony hand that:l-emigration
- Would have lteeti prevented :..to - r,_what ernigrAnt from
.abroad,WittatindustritinsTitii - en - ithhomet would place
btmself initiferfrule The chief per
wouldhive followed In the Maloof the army
would hate be en dependants on 'the General .Gletem-
Ineet;;oriecti . .whiaerpected prOfilt from the mittertes of.
their erring felloweitizens.•: , The powers of patronage
and rule which. would have been exercised- under the
President, wist. - tuad,Populonscand naturally
'wealthy . .reejoti. are mvater than„unlees under extreme
toaheitattyi 3 O..ll.d.Puld be :wilting cohost to "any" , one
thain.theyine Such. aft ,for m y self. Iconic] never-'unless
on occasions of great emergency., consent ,to exercise.
The wilful use of such powers. If: continued through a
period of. year's, would Turieeridangered the purity of
the
. general • adreinistration; and • the liberties of the
Rates which remained loyal. •: ••• . .
Besidet , ,the Policy of military rule ever a-conqnered
lierritory7wOuld.have Implled•that the States whose th
habitantir may havirtaken part to the rebellion had.. by
. the acteif those :thhabitants, Ceased to' melee But the
Erne theory IS; that All Pretended Retard' secession - were;
from the beginning tinil and void. The Statist cannot ,
commit treawitt:.nor screen thentdividual eittiens who
may have 'committed treason.-any more than "t hey can
'make valid treaties or eng age in lawful commerce with
any foreign poWer. The States attempting _ to reserle
Placed theutselvesin It...condition where their vitality
was impaired.
_but net ertinguishedthcir functions
suspended but otdestroyed.;' , • •
. .
Ralf any State neglects or, refuses to perform•lts
cane& therA isthe more need that the • General Gov.
eruntent should maintain All its authority. and, as WWI
• as practicable, resume the exercise of allits -functions.
"On this principle I have . acted. And have gradually and
• quietly, and by almost-imperceptible .eteps - sought- to
• restore the rightful energy of •the Gebeial Government
and of the States: TO that end: ;Provisional Saver
- nors have been appointed. for the Stales: ,Conventions
Called, Governors clected;:Legislatines. assembled, And
the Seriators and Eere sentattree - cho s en •to the Cod
-geese elf the.tinited S tates.:, At- - the samem time. the
eourta, of:the United , States, as:could :he done,
have been re=opened, :that the laws of the United,
"States may be miff:med . through their agebcy The
•bliektele haii been rem oved and -the custom-house IT
. eqahlislid'in parts of entry, so that the 'yeeernity of the
:United States may. be - collected.. . The •Poset rake
partmentomews its ceaseless activity: and the General
.Government. is - ,' - thereby • enabled .in' communicate
Orrimptty with its offisersand agents: .The minrth bring
ocurity.to personatipti.. property ; the • opening Of the
ports invites the restoration of torin.try and enmerce;
she prist - othee•rettewe. the • facilities -of-ari ni da] lona ,
; esinrse aietof busineas And is It not happy fern.. all,
that the restoration - Of each -one , of these funottona of
the General Government - brings - with It it blesudng to
the Suites over. which they Are extended ?• Is it not a
mine promise of: harmony and . renewed attachthent to
the Union that. afteralithat has happened.. the return
'of the General:Government khown only is a Renal
.
I know, very• Well that this policy is attended with
some risk ; •that• for itsOuccesa it .requires at least.the
. acquiescence Of the Stales .which It concerns; that it
implies•an invitation to those States, by renewing their
*tillefiance,tri the United States. to resume their 'rune: -
-nous as - States of the Union. Bin it is a risk that , must
be Piken:. in the choice of thfficullies: it is the smallest
risk; AMI to diminish; and-if possible, to remove all
• dingeh I:tutve 'felt it incumbent on •me to awn, one
other power of the General Governthent the power
par don. As, no State can , throw defence over the
crimerff treason; the power •of pardon La .exclusigely
vested In; the Executive Gtivernment- of the • Milted
States: In exercising that power. I haye taken evert'
preenhtion to - conned it with the clearest recognition of •
the binding force cif the laws of the United States, and
an unqualified acknowledgment of •the great. social
Change ef in regard to- slavery which his
gniwn otitof the War -• ' •
The next Step. which 1 have. taken to restore the ion-.
stilutiOnal relations of the States. has been an invita
tion to them to participate in the high e•f lceufamending
the Coustiturien Every patriot must wish for a gene-1
.ral amnesty at the earliest etioeh consistent with public
satiety. For this great del there: is need "of a concur.
•rence ofall opinions. - and the spirit of niutnal .
rim:. All parties in the late terrible conflict must - work
together In httrmoity, It is not too - Much. toask..iu the
. name of the whele•people, - that. - on the one Side; the
plan of restoration shall 'proceed in conformity with a
• willingness to cost the disorders of the 'pier 'nto
t. Mid drat: Oahe Giber; the eVidetice of sincerity in
tire future maintenance if the Union shall he pu t be.
yorid , any doubt by the • ratification of the proPh.ed
- amendinetittirthe On* it kltitIll; Whith providis. for .the
abolition of slavery IVinver 'within the limits of 'Our
cotintry.• So long uslhe, adoption of this amendment
is delayed. so • long Will diailit.• and jealouey:And nu
certainty prei - all.•
,This is the rned.nre .y. hied will of'
face the. ad mhtuoy, of. the part ;'this the. measure
which Will most Certainly call. popitlation. - and-capitals •
lid'Security tit 'those parts Of the. Union that used •
. them moio. Indeed, it is not too much •to ask of the
.States which orenow,rmiumingth eir places in the film
ily; of thetirion• to give this pledge , Of perpetual loyalty
and.pence. Until it. 'is drive: the past; 'however much
we may desire it: will not be . forg tt en. The adeption
o[the arnendinent reunites na beyond. all power of dia
,ruption.•••lt heals the: Wennd . that, instill imperfectly
closed ; it removes slavery, the element Whictrlias so
long perplexed . and divided the country o r It:makes, of, •
ate once more a• united' people renewed andstrength
•
erred: bound more than .ever ever to mutual affection and .
tmpportr• The :intendment' to, the Constitution tieing adopted; -
it - would remain for the Son es whose poWers have been
"sir long in abeyance. to resume their places-in' the two
branches of the National I.egislature. and thereby corn
. pilots the work
,of restoration.. Here ith , for you, 'fl- •
citizens-of the Senate. and for you, fellow-citizens
of the House - of Repregent atives: to judge,: each' of you
for yourselvee..of•the elections,: returns and. qualifica
tions 91 your own members..., • •• • • • • ; .
•The full assertion of the powers of the General Gay,
ernmeht require. the holding. of Circuit - Courts of the
United State,: within the districts where their - authority
has been interrupted. In •the
,present posture of our
publie • affairs.-st tong 'objections . have :beer: utrted to
heldin., those Courts in any ot the States where . the Re- -
hellion has eicisted and. it was ascertained by . inentry.
that the Circuit Court 'of the United States. - would trot
be held within .the District of Vlrgiaia - Auting the am
thrall or early winter nor until, Congress should ;have
..ateopportunitytn, consider and act en the w.s
holeuli.
ject." To - .your deliberations the' restoration ,of this
. branch of 'the 'civil authority of the United States- is
therefore necessarily referred.-with' the hope.' that early
prevision:will be made for the •resumption . of all it. ,
funet ins. It is hrinifestthat treason. most flagrant in
- character. has- beed cermititted Perrone - wtiii are
charged with.its commisahin should have fair and im
partial triali iii the highest civil tribnyals of the court
try, in order that the Constitution and the laws may
he falry - viudicated t the truth clearly, established and
'affirmed that traSon. is a 'crime, that: traitorsthould be
punished slid the Offence - made infamous rand. at the •
same time, - that the question may judicially settled:
finally and foreVer. that no State of is own will heti the
right.to renounce-its place in the Uniori.• ' • •
• . The relations ofthe . General Government toiirards
•
the four. m'ilions - of inhithitants :whoin. the war hits
called into freedrim. , have • engaged my, m i st serious
consideta lois, tint the.propriety of , attempting to, mike
. the freedmen electors by the proclamation, or the Else
took for. my counsel. the f'onstitutioh itself
the interpretal lona - of that instrument by its anthers
'Lied their , contemner:tries.. and reedit legislation try
emigre:is.- When at, the first movement' ton:anis hide
pendence. the congress of the . United States thermic:ell
the several States to thatente governments of their own;
they lefrench • State to dechte for • itself the condition.
for the entiovnent.of the' elective - franchise. ..During
the period of the Confederney.'there; tontinued ntexist,
a very great iri the qualltleatiOns of electer. in
the several Smiles ;'arid mire within a.State a distinc
tion of qualification: , prevailed with regard :to the 'Offi
cers whir.were to he chosen . The Constitution • tithe
Untied State. recognizentheae -diversities Wien it en-.
jnina that: In the:chi - Ace of members 'of the - H0n.e...0f
Rer.resentative.' of., the United States, s•the electors •
in each State shall have the mialifications requisite for
'electors of the - moat - numerous branch -- of the • Stale
I.egislatun;• o After the formation of the Cottatitutiiin,
it remained Ai before. the nniforiri usage of each - State .
to enlarge the holy of its eleetors.hccorditig to its own
judgment and . ender this system; ..one State, after
another had prOreeiled to' increase the ...number of its •
electors-omit now nniv - ereal suffrage., or something
•Very nerit, la the genefal rule. . So. fixed was this tee
ervatien of. power in the habits of the people. and se
unquestioned hi:Sheen the ...interpretation . ..of t lie Con
stitu nen that during the civil .war the late President
never harbored the purpose—certainly. never . avowed
• the purpose—of' .disgardine ;it: and 10 the-acts 'Congress:-during'Congress:-during r e thot period. • nothing can .be fined
.o:hied - during the continuarice of.tiostilities.' much lead
idler their Hose, would have sanctioned..anr . departnre
bythe-Eiecntive fr"m . a policy which was so ernforreit
obtained. Abaci:Ver. a eoncesslini of the etectiCe. frau
(lase to the freedmen by act of -the - - President of the
United States. must have been extended to all • cialored '
men: wherever found: anon must ; have established a
change of suffrage In the northern. Middle and West
ern States. not lesa than :in the ,Soothern and South
western. ' finch an Act winds] have create t a new' class
• of. vetent anclsweeld have beefran - aminmptien Of pow- -
er by the President Which - hothing in . the' Constitution
- or laws Of the State...weak' have warranted:- .
Or. the other - hand:every dancer of. conflict is.aeold
eil when the aettleineht of, ou. ROOD is referred to the
-Feverid Stares. They eim..ench - for Itself. decide on the
Measure, - and whether, it ts to be ad, piedat mice-and
ahsmhitely; or iiitnninced , gradually' and • with condi
..111 my judement; the freedmeh. if th ey show
patience and manly virtues. : will sooner obtain a pan
ticipation in, the elective. franchise through the State.
thati tbrouyh•the.General 'Government, •even tf. it hart
larner to, • intervene. When' the tumult of emotions
_that Have been' raised by the , shad one:leaf 'the soci li
change shall have Subsided itmity prove that. they will
receive the kindliest usage from .somerit those on whom
they hiveteretotoremostelneely depended • .• .
• But while I have no doubt that now:after lite" close
(Attie - war, it is . not competent for the General Got ern-i
'meet- to extend the - elective franchise in the several
State& it' is eqnally clear - that : good - faith requires the
security of the freedmen .in their liberty andtheir. pro
per y. their right to labor. and their right to claim the
-jest return of their - labor.. I cannot 100 stningly . ar,;e a
dispas-innate treatment Of this pubjt et, which should he
carefully. Iciait, aloof from .ail - party strife: • We . niust .
equally avoid-hasty assumptions of any natural imposn
•bility•for the It:Yoram to live side by Fide,, - in a slate of ,
mtitual.beneflt andmiod will: The experinent
us Whit. inconsistency; •ns then: goon and make
.that experiment in: good, faith, and not be ;ten easily
disheartened:' The country lath need of labor, and the
freedmen are in heed of eparAnyment, cultrire and pro
tection. • \\*bile their right of veltintaly migvation anti
expatriation is not to be .que.tioned livronid not ad
vise . : their . forced - removal a - d colonization. - - letvr
rather encourage them to honorable and useful
. try. where 1t may be benefici .I to themselves arid tit the
'country-; and Instead of hrsty anticipations - of the
cer
taintyrif failure; let; there . be - nothing Wanting to the
fait t rial- of the experiment.' . The clump in• I heir - eon
ditto:3 is the substitution, of , labor. her contract for the
status of slaVery.... The . freedman cannot' fairly he, tic
-ertied of unwillingness to mat*, so long aft a.dopbt re
, mains :tout his freedom of choice in pfirshits,:and
the certainty of Iris recoceting ids • 'stipulated wages
Ija this the Interest of the employer • and 'the employed.
_coincide, The errinloyerdesires intits'ermitihen Spirit
and alacrity, and - these ran be - perinanently - sechred:in
no other way... , Anti tithe one ought to be able, to en
:force the contract. so ought the Other. - . The public id.
terest kill be brat. prrimoted • if. the `several States will
".provide adequate protection - andre,gtedies fcir the freed-'
mete. - Until this is - in some.way'ficcomplished. - there
iii no. lance fol' the advantageou . s use eltheir - lahbrt
And the blame of iliancress will - not rest on them. ••: •
• I.know that sincere philanthropy -ia earnest for' the
If:mediate realizatien of Its • remotest alms; .but time
is. always an eleincat in reform. It is one of the great;
• est nets on rectird to have brohght four in felons of per.
• rile into freedom'.The 'career of frce Milurtry. lutist be
fairly opened to them ; and then their future prosperity
and condition, must, after all; reit mainly onthem:
selves..:: If they fail.: and so 'perish away; let .ns be mire
ful that the failure shall not be nttributable to auk-de-
Mai of Justice.' In all thatheiateit •- to . the deatinkof
freedinen. 'we need.not be 'too nitilons to read • the fu
turist-many incidents - which, from a speculative - point
of view. mightratee- starch Snicitirtiettle them .
adves.. .
•Nowthat sloven , it •at anend - onnear its end.. the
greatness o f its mill, in the point. of view of public ehon-1
omy, becomes more and. more Apparent. „Slavery"was
ersenttaltramontmnly - of labor:mitt - fur FOOT' lOcketilthe
States 'Whete;it pretrailed:notinet.',titti hfcominz of free
industry, ]there tabor watrAbb primertycif-fbe rani-
MUM. thttAahttelinua irim:excittditi-lrbrn - empitrytneut;
:the: second-hest. chance of lindhig tbr, and the
loreigMemigfretntltnnied away from the region where
hie conditlini. , wottld be so precarious::: With the de:,
- *Unction of the incinopoly,ll et labor will hasten from
i
4on - or
_ -....- wasirinidetilhe.
Peeple7riet ticp,oeole, for.tbe floyenunent,,, Te theta,.
it a 1 ..- - `rfreirt.then - ilemitertititive-itetotir
. age. strength and wisdom... Bat; .tvelle. the -.Govern
- •ment is thnehoend'to defer to the :Peoldefregt - whimx
. ,it derives its existence-it should:trent:the Verjrconsid.'
- ,:eraticiti,of iteprigfer: taetrong'inAte:fpoweir of.rtisist. - •
.aticeito,the eitablishinent.!oftnegnallties. ~ Monopo-..
. lim. perpetuities. and class legielatiort. are contrary.to
the getting of. free'government.And'ought not to be al.
, •loired, __.- Hare . thereis no room ,for favored classes or
- ,llfonepolles t4heprietiloe Of iinucGo'verrtment is that of,
, equal lairs and 'freedom -of niduatry.. • .Wherever m.o.
I.,l,llopalrattains alcattlicold s vitite.wuretlxkba" . awnince - or •
1
• - 'danger. - dlscord and trouble , ~ .,Wei Shall - bat fulfill our.
-duties as legislators, by according -equal and exa,,t
ilealeeto all rnen.e special - .privile.~Tea totione„.: ..The.
-- Goveininentis subordinate to 'the .peopTe. Mit as the
•':agent-and repineentative et thenetaple:lt intisthe held
- superior to. monopolies. which' in :thettigeltea. ought
- mtever.to bif* . atited and'Whieh,.,..whete they estiat must
.
• 'be sublirdlitateind yield tOtheGorerninettVi: , '-• ' •
• :-
,The Cd - nstitution c :nets ' iin"Coiiirivasi the right re
' regulate commerce among these-vend States. ' It is. of
Abell's; neoes,sity. for the' maintenance of the :Union;
that thateamniertieetiould be - fres - audnnotiSinacted.z- - •
No Statemin belnatifikt,iii , tiny device to taxilie tram.
• ait-Ot travel and commerce between States. :The trosi:
.tion -of many. States is each:that...if they were allowed
•
to take, advantage of lt. for.parpose. sof .local. reventle,
the commerce between Stata might he inittrionely bur,A
dened or even .virituille.prohibited.-.ltAs best. whi
the country' is still - young, and - while the •terideney.to
. ' dangerous monopolies of title knd.iti,still feeble, ton
nee the power of Congress on as to, prevent any Selfish
.impraliment•to the fr e; circulation.of: men, and tiler;
Chandise . A - taxi. on: travel - mid ineretiandiW in ,
their ,
- transit constituter( One IA the w" - olif - fornii of Motropo
. .Iy. and the evil is increased if - coupled with A denial lif
'route:' . the:choice of When the. vast:extent iif Mnr
countr'Y is enusidared. it is plain that every obstacle to,
'the free circulation of commerce 'between: the States
ought to he sternly guarded against by'appropriate le.;
*gislatiomwithin the limits of the Constitution.
...
- -, The report of .the Secretary of the„ - Interior explains
- the condition of the public lands: the, transactions Of
' the' PateM Office and thePerision l'inreen. the manage
ment of, our Indian.- affairs-- the_ progress made' in the
. construction of thePaciflcrailrnad. and furnishes infor„
- Motion in referent*. to matters of Meal interest in the
District of Columbia.. It also pi - esentseidence of 'the
• successful operation' f the Ilorriestead - -act, nuttier the
provisions of which 1.1110,4133 acres of the:pnblic lande
. were entered diming the last fiscal year—more than one
Worth of the .whide number of.acres sold or otherwise:
diefsweri of during-Butt period - Itie estimated that the
,receipts derived from this source are suffidentlo edver
- the expenses incident to the survey and disposal of the
lands entered under this 'Act, and that payments in ea - sli
to the extent of from forty to fifty per cent. WI I be made
by .settlers. whii may thus at nay time Rear( •%.,„e title be. -
fore the expiration of the Period at - which it • old oth
erwise Vest... The homestead, policy wtte" .. tablished
only After lone and earnest :reel:stain:et-experience'
-• proves its riled: in.. The binds, in the halide of the in
' ,dustrierus settlers Whoselabor „creates wealth and con
tribtliteri to the nuhligiespereetii.are worth more ta:tbe.
• :United States than if,t hey hied been reservedtte•a: soli-.
Mile fim fame' pit:chasers . . - -.; •-- - • t& . •
• The lametibibleeYettni of.the cast four years, - And'ltie
sacrifices m-Itle by the gallant men iifotg, army and na-
Vy. have sivelled the records 'of •tfie Pension - Buren' to
. an elm ecedented . extent. - On the anth day of June
• last, the that tioml2er of pensioners was 65.986, requi
ring r r their annual pay. exelneh ( e. of expenses. the
aunt :•fi1iti 3 0 . 23,445. The number of . applications that
. have - been.allowed since that -date will requirea large
• increase of this, anieuutfor the next •ftscal year The
. means for the payment' or the stipends due ander eis
istingtai-e..to our disabled soldiers' and saili4, and to
the families - of such as have perished In the - Service of
the country, will no drinbt he cheerfully and:promptly
• granted: A gratefril.people" will not heettate to.sanc
• 800 any measurer -, having forlheit object the relief of
soldiers mutilated and .families made fatherless in the
efforts to preser v e our nett - nal•existence. • - .',
..The reporrof -the' Postmaster . General piesents • all
:enceerneing exhibit of the.: dperntione of the Pest
• OfliceDePartment during the year; The revettnee of
tire past year from the-loyal States alone exceeded the
-maximum annual receipts from all the States - pre.vioua
to the rebellion, in the sum of $6.036.091-; 'and the an
nual average' increase of revenue, during the laet four
yeari. - Compared with the recennes-of the "fintr . years
in - I:mediate le preceding the rebellion, was $6,5i:3.8.45.--
: The revenues. of, the last fiscal year amounted to $l4,- •
5b6,156. and the expenditures to $13.69.4.7 8, leaving a
stfrpl us 01 receipts over expenditures of $661,430. ' Pro
, met-slaw been made in'resmring the postal' service in
- the N. - if/them • .Statee. 'TM , views 'presented by the
Pirsiniaster-Gerieral against the,is:licy of granting sub-•
',' sidles to ovean mail. steamship: lines upon established
'ratite., and iii favor of continuing the present System,
which limits the compeneation for ocean - service to the'
, past age earnings: are recommended to, the careful con- -
.eirlertittoif of C.'ngcecS . •. . .
•
It appears from the report .Of : the' SeeretArY, or the -
. iCAvy; that Chile at the commencement of the. pri3sent,
'year, the' e.were in 'commiseion63o 'vessels of, all classes
. arid descriptions.Mrtne.d With '3.4100 . glllll3 and manned
.'by. it Wei mrin. the Miniher Of .vessele at present in
commission len?. with fringnnsand 12,128 men. ..• By
this pionipt reduction of .the naval - forces the - expenses
• of the Gov,ernment htive been -largely diminished, and
' a tituntin of. vessels, purchased for naval purposes from.
'the imiehant marine, have been' returnedlo the, peace
, tut.pursnits of Comineree. Since the suppression of tic;
tive hostilities our foreign squadrons trace been re.es-
Whin:bed. and , consist of Vessels'-nfuclt.tnere efficient
thin:lA:hose employed oti similarservice. previous to the
. re,,eleen- Thesuggeetien for the entargerpenra -
. - the
navy yards. and especiallY for the establishment °tone
, in treeh water fottron-clad veseels. Is deserving of con
sideration. as is oleo the. •recomtnehilation. for a differ,
ant location and more ample grounds .for the' Naval
• •. In the report of the Secretary of War. a general
summary is 'Oren of -the military campaigns of .181 x
and iSer, ending in the euppressionof fumed ristance,
.to the natithed authority. in the ineurgent•Statee: 'The ~
•- operation's nt the general administrative Bureaus, of the •
• •War Department during the past year are detailed. and
:an estimate .made - of the appiopriati: tie that will be re
quired for military purPostAr in the fiscal year ceinmenc.-.
ing the senadly Of June. - tire: The national military.
.. 'force on the Ist day of
,May. 1665. 'inimbeied 1.000.516
men. It is proposed - to reduce' the military establiall
ment tom peace tooting:. eoinprehending fifty'llir :mend.
trians Of all arms„ organized so as biadmit of amen .
lan:rumen t by tilling up the ranks to, eighty-two.theu-
Seed six hundred; if-. the clreninstarices of the Country
should reettirn an augmentation - of the army.. The .vol.
Mitrer force has already , been reduced 'by the disettarge
m
• fro service of has
eight butidredthoneaud troops_ and
' the Depririment hi proceeding • rapidly in, the work if
further reduction: - The war estimates are reduced from
smu.:4(l, tal - tic $33.514.4at, which amount. in themplip
"iini . of the Department.' is adequate for a peace'eetatt:
lishment. The menthes nut 'rot enchmenr in each Bu
' may and branch - of the Service exhibit a dilligent econ
omy-worthy of commendation., :fteferente is also made
in the ,
report to the neeeSsity of .providing'for a - td
. forin militia system.' and to "the
„propriety of making
"Suitable•provision for . wounded and . disabled officers
The revenue syster,n of the Country.is - -ti • Subject. of •
vital interest to its honor and prosperity. - and' ehduld
- criminal the earnest consideration .of o:tigress. The
• Secretary of the Treasury will lay before you a full' and
detailed reptirt
of the receipts 'and ilisburements of the.
Ina fiscal year. of-the first quarter; of the lire-eat th:cal.
:. year. of the probable receipts and - - expenditures for the
other 'three .enaftere, and the estinmtee • for the year.
•
following the sett) of June, 1 see. ' 'I might coetent my
self with a reference to that report, in rihieh , on, will
- find all the information 'required for your deliberations,
• 'end der isien. ~ ttut the:. pal a monet - Importance of the
subject to presentsitself in my, own mind. that I can--
not lint lay before you My TICIVS of the
. meaimres Wide!"
-Are required foe- the gruel character. and, I might almost
say, fur the existence of tins penple.,.. , . . ~ • - ..
-The life of a reirithiie ii, .s raTtAiolv in . the erier
•gy; virtu. , and intelligence of.ita eitiZens ; but.it is .
equally true tba t a good revenue •sYstetri - is the
• life of an Urgifi?iZed • government. I meet -Yon- at
a t :me whet, the nation l•as volreitarilyburdened
i!self with ' a
,debf.impre.emiented . in A.m ..- annalS',-- -
I ,astas its amount,: it' fides . - away into nothine -
When .coinp•l re_d with the count leSablessings that
will be•eigtferrecl upon .our country .by theipreser
ra t ion of the nation's life: Now oti the- first Peca- .
• Sien oft he meeting of Congress since * the . retunn
of pea cc,. it is t . ;f, the inmost importance to Mang-,
rate - a just pOlicy, wnich shrill at once be put into
motion,,and widel:4l2lll comme - el .itself to those
wile come after us for its 'continuarem,. We must.
aim' atmothing less than the ctimplete 'effacement
'of th .. tinancial - evils.that - necessarily folldived a • •
state Of, civil tear-' We mush endeavor: to apply
• the earliest rent - eilY to oho deranged State of the.
• Curieriey, and not to Shrink from devising-a -. pot
"icy. ..
Which, unbent being oppressive to-the people
elial 'immediately begin to
. effect. it reduction Of
the debt; and; if persisted in, - dischsrg...it fully
'within a definitely fixed number of. yeari.. •
It is mir duty . topreparein , darilest - • for our re
..cevery fronithe ever-increasing, evils of an irre
• dieniable currency, - Withetit - it - eurfileif.revelsien,
and yet. without. untimely' procrinitiriatiom -For
. that end; .we Must, each in.pur r.espective , posi
tions, prepare the way.,' I hold it the duty' of he
- Executive to insist, Upon frugality in the etpendi--
,turea', anda sparing eeonomyisibielf it * great na
tional resonrce.. ; Of the.banke to Which - authority
has been givento issue notes - secured by bonds of,
. the - United States, we rimy re uire., the greatest
Mieleration and minim - Ice; and . the Taw :must :.be
rigidly' enforced Whenitelimits at! exceeded.. We
'lnaY, - .. - each one•ot ue,...counsel: - our.active. Mid en
terprising countrymen to be 'conataritly . pri . their
,period, tolimini ate debts. Contract-'d by a paper
- currency; and; by (tom - biding. Imsines's
. iis . nearly
as: possiblemit a systenrof cash Paymentenrehort
credits, to.hold themselves'preparerl. to return to
the standard of, eold and silver. 'To aid - Mir fel
loti citizens in'the maiingereentOf their moment-.
any a ffairs; i Ile duty devolves one its le dinimisli by .
law.the ittnotnit of paper. money' now. in. circular
- lion. Five years ago the batik-note circulation
:et - the country amounted to not much more thari •
two hmulredmillions ; now the circulation, - bank
• and national, .exceeds- seven hundred' millions.-L.
..The Simple statement of the fact - recommends,
, more- strongly than:any words "of mine :can .dri,
the necessity - Of restraining • this .xpansion. ‘ .The
. gradtia I reiluptiOn of the Currency is tbeonly mea
sure that can save. the bueinees of. the country
• from disasfroes calamitiettlyand this can he ,al
most imperceptibly- secomPlialied by gradually
.ifundieg the eaticerial Circulation insecurities that
. may be made redeeinable at, the pleaistve of- - the
Government:.. - - - -•. s•
.1 . - - -..-.
. 'Our
: debt l. doubly-secure-first in the actual
Wealth and - still ; greater; undeveloped resources
Of the country, and next-inthe character of ow.
,institutions. '. The moat intelligent observere
. among political. ec;onornists have not failed . to .
remark, that - the.ptiblic.debt of a.Cotintry is safe
-in, proportiob art itterpeeple are free,. that the. debt
of a republic - is' the , safest of all. One. histpry'
coldirma and established ,- -Iliti:.tlieory, and - is,: ,I
, 'firmlybelieve;destined- to'. give • it .a atill More
signal illustratioe... The secret of.this superiority
springs not merely' frons.the fact. that in a repub
lic thettational;obligations• are: distiibuted more
widely throngh.eountlese - nunitters in• all elastics'
. of siteiety'; it has its rootintlie character of • Orir
laws. Beres, all men . contribute to . the.publie.wel
fate, etab - t-ar their fait share - of thepublic bur
--dens. --During the - Vrar;_imider . tho'.impulses of
-- putrietiSM,,the men of the great body'of thepeo
pie, witllciat . regard to their - own toniparative.
- want of wealth/ thronged:to ourarmiee and - filled
..onftleeti,of War,:and - held themselves .readY, - to
offer.their Jives, - for. the public . goecl.•'. Now, In'
Their tun), llie.properly andineonie of the coon
trytdithildifear,their just proportion of - the- blip.
ien. - a taxation, - . while; in our impost system,
'through means 'of whieh' increased vitality is . hrt
cideitally.imputed to all the industrial .mteresta
of the.nation,-the duties should-be so - adjusted as
pilaff moetheavily on articles of luxury, leaving
the neceseaties of life as free from taxation as the
• abeidlute. want of the •Government, ;economically
" a tlm iilis tered, • will - -- ,j a stifv..• No -. fa voted • Masa
should - demand sfroodoni, from assessment, and
thetas : es should.ho. so distributed as.. not 'to_ fall .
unduly on the Ivor, htttratber'on 'the accumula-•
led 'wealth: Of.the eountry.:We should look - at the - 1
liatiOnnldebeynst as it is--rotas anatienalbless-
in); butfte. i heavy burden on the induetty•of 'the
-country; to-be discharged - Without iniecessary dd- .
-• •
..It is' estithated • by the' Secretary, of the - --T.rea
sury•-that tbe-.eiperidituies. - for. - ,.the Alispal i. year .
ending'the 30tli 'of. l'un;_i, 1866„'Aitill':exce.eil. the
receipts $1.1.2401,0:11-,....1t isstatifying,..;hotvetteir
to State that . , it le 'shad estimated 'that the - , - itelie , 7
nue for the.: year . ,eudipg the -Stltlx.pt June,-1866, .
will: exceed
.. the - eittenditures . in; the - Sum . of
-$211,68%818 , This amount, or as-Much as May
be deemed sufficient for the iperpose; may. be.
_ ~, . ...,... _
-. ' •A • .t'i.. i " 7.7 ' , : ' -..?"-- . -- M. , .: wr ., ! -- - 17:`st '`. i"e''' . .: - '-'l.- -- ; . AI .T.A. • ':7 • ''. : -
applied tcesthtfliedueteeM itefeethe.phliceedebt, se*litioal tenaeiction, ereth: tkeeleivii -.
.. , ment,
which .on this get dip: q
. potobereltifie; waB 4 gofiusesikateerve - ttiO cra w eta e ri, and
-n740;854,750.. Everyeet*ltfori . !Pe cliininish ibecomee„Vie indeptifidenot Alie . e al life of
the total. thount etfiWetft.t &The - paid, '. - fted 1 * `;fie etteige;eseelere toWatioWeitenteed to every
,oblates' the eneit Still efilithkertsductioil 40mm:44r/the quieesatirtaWthaOtiith needs
'Arndt the ' whieWeitell be liquMatedee,and this, '' , titi ly a fete field to, secure: thevictort . Here the
ee...will be.iseeiefriarn the - eithUittesofebe.Sete- ceitimareeiind goes foith tmetteekledeln . the put- .
retary of the Treisery, t iruiyebeAccettleeished by . 4ait orescience,. to. tiailteet attires 4 kuoiviedge.
: Wm , ' pay,,,*evetrilbot*eriodbot eeeee e - e- eenti aeitenireemeever-7seereAsingthastery ever the
lug - thirty years:• Vhave faith thierete reran d 6 - foeceenf nature: - ere'.Hthe nationaldein:rain is
-. -VI this within a reasonable time ; thele as we • offered and held in millions of separate free-holds,
ethave Amazed the woridebsetheentperesetettotia ~ ep thaeourefelkowlitizens, beyond the occupants
eilvil war itraielliwaikt.h..9 ll 7o : ete.W.lierattit the - - of any (Aber pert of.the'earth,.. constitute: in • ree
eobtrbl bf 4the'..tibetietintenti sot ere:tibalrocitiallY :elite a peeeple. 3 ne7B_exiits the democratic form
- show the enperiorety Of: our institutions by the ...oegovernmeet ; and thatform of government, by
eprotresreside•Utheffeeleeltesetsreteectesefearcifeal ettieeteefeeeititr Of Eiirclititteathette'tgiverc a
obligationeete 'e•-, •-,-. - p e e,* .......e,
~_,.e,... ee e
.-.. e . oceeerettythich no other forth is capable, becense
`e The:DePartreent Ott gr-inttittiiieiiiideleitlielittee Itinoorperitt,es every man with the • State, and
sent direetieneisaiwomtilishing, ranch in. develop- arouse* every thing that belongs to the soul." •
• 'inland utilizm e
. e . the ,yttet ageicultutal,ctipabili- Where„jo.past hietorse elect a parallel exist to
-tiesorthis'eteitatrv, and fereitifoemition reepect- ' thei7PUblicliappmetie Which:is within the resell of
• litgehe' detteilte.Of 'its . .. - menegerrient reeererme is . the4 . eceile-ofihe United States ? , Where, in any
' `mediate the annual tepee: of the Commissioner. ' eiart , of the globe, can - institutions , . be found so
I havedwelt thus folly otionr depieetic affairs '. tented to their habits or- so entitled - to. their love
because Of - their trenscerelant , importance. Under is their • own free , Constitution? :Every. one .of
any circumstances, our great extent& .territory thein e then, in whateveepart of
- the lend - he -has
.and variety of Climate, producing' almost every- his. hem-.,' must' wish its perpetuity.. Who .of
• sthingehatie ryl . teethe evratrWettae.even epthernevilepoenow selthowledge, in the : words -of
`the condo - its of Man,. .make.. us singidaely - rode- . Washington, that "every step by which the pen s
pendent of the varying policy of.Foreign..powerte .pie of the' United States - have • advanced to, the,
- • eedproteet useesaitist',:eeery-.teniptation to "en- - character •of km independent nation; seems to
tangling allianees," . whilis'at. the present moment. have been distingulehed by some token of Prosi- .
the re s eetabiishmenttiflartneny, and tee strength, clential agem•v?" Who will not join with me in
'that come frothharmenyeWilehm . our best-seem .the'prayer,- prayer,-that theitivisible. betel Which-has led.
rity against `tuitions who feel power and forget, its through' the cloedethat elootned'Amand par*
right." ~F - myself, ithes been 'and will beeny . patire-willeo guide us onwaid tots perfect resto-',
constant a' :t6prorciottepetice andainite.with
lb eign lions. and-Powerse • and. have- every maybe able to Meuse* our great inheritance,
.• • '
.as to believe thattheyall, - trithent exception, -_Prate 'governments in all their rights , of. the Gen
- a animated by. the ' intine:distiesition. _Our rase .eralGefernmentin he whole constiteitionalenor,
t." ns With the' tiiiperor of • Chins; -so etietnat in : '
reln
a ll ration:of
.fraternal'affection, that we 'of this day
to our posterity, and they to theirs through count
. .. .. .
-
sir origin; are meet - friendly _ . - Our commerce - less - geperations? • , - . • ..
ith his dominions ti-re receivig new -develop- ' • '
epte;-andet is very ;pleising to .find that .the
- :Goveinmente of ethat ..
great . Empire, • mate
ifestiesatiSfaction with our •poliey, and - reposes
jest confidence in the . -fairness which :marks' one
intercourse: ' Thep utibrek,en harntiony •between
the :United States and the, Empertheof .Rnssia is
receiving anew support from an-..enterprise des
'sieped•to catry . telegraphic I-nes acmes the, cons
tipent oteAsisetbrOugh his elethiniotie;- stelae to
connect-tie with,all Europe by a new- chennel:.Of.
intercourse. Our with South America
ii about to receive encouragenietit by a Aired line
of mail steamships:to the rising Ethpire of Brazil.
The distinguished' party of men of science -who
have recently left out:country .to make- a . icien
•:tific exploration of the 'natural history and 'rivers
and. meent ain ranges of that region, have received
,from the Emperor that' generous welceme which
was to 'ive been . eXpeeted froth his. constant
friendshiprfor the:United States, and his well
known zeal: in promoting the .advancement of
knowledge: eAhope is entortained . that our cont
. meree with the rich-and .poputontecouneies: that
'border the.Mediteirapean sea mat be largely in
creased. 'Nothing will ebevendee, .en the part
of thieGovernmetie, to extend- the protectioneff
onr flag over the enterprise ofethr feljow-ititiiens:
We receive from the Powers in thaeregion assu
rances of gOod will ;-and-it is worthy of note-that
eespecierenvoy has brought tie - lee:eel:gee. of. eon- '
dolenco on the death*of our'lats.Chief: Magistrate
from the Bey of-Trinis; whoserule includes the
old deminion of Carthage, on the:: African ecoast.
-• Onr domestic 'contest, now hapily ehded, .has
left' some traces in onieelatioes with one alleiritt
of the great Maritime POwere. .- The formal ac s
cordauceof "belligerent rights' to the insurgetie
Stateseeaseinpreeedented, and has not been"juse
-tified by. the issue.'. But in the systems ofe nen
exality pursued-by the Powers which made-that
concession, there was a marked difference. .The
materials of War-for the insurgent Status were:fin.-
thsliedein.a great- measure, from the workshops
ie Great-Britain;-and British 'ships,' manned by
British subjects, and prepared for receiving Brit
ish 'armaments, sallied . from the ports of Goat.
. Britain to make wit on. American -cornmerceeun
,der the•shelter of-a commission teem 'the. insur
gent States.. These ships, .having•onee - escaped
from British -ports, ever afterwards - entered them
ip every part - of the world;:to relit, and so tore=
new their, depredations. -' The consequencee of
this conduct were most. diaaetrona to the States
-then in rebellion, increasing theiedeeolation and
misery be the prolo . ngation of our civil contest. It
had; moreover, the'effect, 'to a great extent, - to.
thrive the Arneaiean -flag - froni, the esea, and to
transfer much of our-shipping and entecommerce
- to the very Power whose .objects had created the .
necessity for such .a.hange. Those :events look
Mere before I Was called to the administration of
the Government . The sincere • desire' for piitice
by which rani anithated hal me to approve the
`proposal, already made . to submit the .questions
which had risen between the countriesto arbitra
' tern These questions itrii of snob moment that they
Must have commanded the. attention of, the great
Powers, and are so. interwoven with the peace, and
interests of miery tine:of there as whey(' ensured
an iiiipartial. deeieitnie I regret .to inform ten
• that Great 15ritaimdeclitied' the arbitration, hug;
. °litho otherliand, invited need .1 lie formation of
A joint commission to Settleentutuel- claims be.'
- tween the two etientries . ,• froth 'which 'these for
t he.depredations before Mentioned shoUld be i,t
eluded: „Tile proposition, In that very tiusatis
.
tattorY fortnlias been declined,' •'. ' .• - .
The United States,' did not eresent theeenteeet
as an tinpeachinent of 'the good' faith ()la-Power
Which. was professing the. most ft - Mildly elisposi
. tione, but as -involving. questions i.f public- law;
- efethie 7 the eettlementittessential to the peace
-of nations; and thotigh ;pecuniary reparation: to
'their injured citizens:would liave followed
_Mei;
clentally on a 'decision --again's! , . Great • Britain,'
• such -conipensation was not their , ptiiii ary object.
They . hed a higher'. weave, .apd it was in' the in-.
. tere,ts'nf peace and ilThtiee'to - 'establikh -import--
ant principle's of -international law. The cerres=
pondetice will be placed - before you. The geoeud
on which the British elinister . rests his_ justitica
thin is e s e bsteittitilly, that. the mnnicipAl law of
a natien and the dmilestie interpretations Of .that
law, are the measures -of -its duty as a neotral.;'
. and I-feel bound to declare 'my opinion,: before
von and before tha . world, :that that justification
• cammt be sustained before 'the' tribmial of 'Me.
trans: :: At the same time I the not.aeviael to tiny,
preeent attempt atredress by.adts of legislation.
,For the future, friendship, between t 6 two. coon=
triea.inust rest tin the basis of miens' juseiee. . '
- - Front the'mornent ofe iri
he - eablisliment Of our
free Coristitption_ the' civilized :world- bes...br en
convulsed by revabitions in the interests of demo c-
racy er - of:monarchy ;'butthrough all those revo
lutions the 'United States have Wisely:and firmly
refilsedito become prOpagandisti of. republiehm
ism: . I It is -the only egovettinpeet suited- to- our
'condition ebut we have news sought to impose it
on others :, and we havecenteetently followed the,
advice ofeWaellington . to recommend it only- by
the careful preservation and prudent use or the
blessing.. During alt Ilw inieriening , period the
pelice • of, European Pavers and of the - United
-Stateit. has, on the whole, been Aiarinopiouts.—:.
T., Me; runless, rioters •of the Meese - in - o 'some
parts of America . ; Melte - interest of • thenarchy,
have prevailed ;:twice nire prededeseors- have had
occasion to announce the views of this nitionth
respect tnanch. interferenee.. :On both ,-neeasions
the reinotistranc(- ef the: United States was. re
spected; from a deep. eenviiitiote on ' the - . pert of
Ent:ellen CoVeriethints, that the • eVetem of nen - -
interference and mutual. abstinence from preens
gandisin wait' thetrue rule • fer the:two . herces,
plicres.
and
these 'tineswe have advanced in.
wealth and power; lint we retain' the same Mir
e, se toleave the nation of Europe torch" e.-their
nem elynitsties" anti forne. their oWll:'systerne of
gevernmeet.. This consistenri/nioderatiod may
justly demand a Corresponding' thoderation. We
should regard - it as ii-great cilamity.to tairselvee,
to the cause of. good government, and to the
peace of the world, should am e Eurenean 'Pewee
challenge the American pionlee - aset-werei - tothe
Thrones) arepublicanisin against-foreign. inter
ference. ' We cameit foiesee-atpd reef nne tiling to
.ceneider what oppeetunitics Might present.. them
settees, wliat tomblatione mightitler to.•prmect
mr*.l vf: , s . ag'itin'gt . designs itti mese t p. our forms of
'government. - The United Stateivelesire Pi act in
-the 'future as they , have. ever :net eil ' heretofore . :
they will never be driven from th it courtie•but bY
the:nggresSion of European Powers;. and we rely
op the wiedotleand justice.ef th e se. pewers to re=
seed the system of • non-ippterference which has
' f() irieg beetesepteinied b time, and -which, by
its' geed results; hae Approvedlitselfte both con
' The correspondence between the 'United States
and France, in reference tocmestions'whieh.have
bectemesebjecte of discuserim betiveen the two
Governments, will; it a proper time, be- laid-be
fore Congress. - - . •.-. I. : -- -.
.When, on the organiZation of our Groiernment
under.the Constitution, the President of tee. Uni-*
ted States-delivered hie inaugural addiesS'to the
-two lieuees of Congress ; - lie said 'to them, and
through: them -to the coinitry : and . to mankind,
thst"the preservation of the altered fire of liber
ty anti the. destiny. Of : the.. republican medel "of
government are justly considered pie deeply-;,per.-
-haps as finally staked on the experimept intrust
ed to. the 'American people:'.. ...iitid,,t he House
of- Representatives answered Washeigton- by the
voice of Madison "We'adore•the invisible hand
whiclehas led the American people through_ so
maneelifticulties, to cherish a conscious 'respon,
sibility .for the - destiny : of . republican ;liberty."
.efere than seventy-six -years havec.glided: away
since thetie.Words were spoken e the Mace States
have passed througleeeveier trials than • r for
seen e and now, at this nee' .epoch .. in - ii ' xi-vs
il k .
mice aeonenation,with - our. Union. pi 11 by
serroweeand'etrengthened be . centlict, ' I stab
lished by the vet tiee t f . the people, the Fre to Bof
the occasion invitee us once more to. repeat with
solemnity, the. plcdges'of our fathers to hold emr
selvee answerable befdre'our fellow-men fur the
success ef. republican. form - of -gcivernment.... Ex=.
periencehas.proved its sufficiency in peace .amid
in-war; it has vindicated its Authority through
- dangers, and 801h:thins, and sudden and . terrible
emergencies, which would havecruseedesny sys
tem that had been less firmly fixed. in the heart
of the people. At this ipauguration of Wasibirig
ton the foreign relations of -the country were .few
and its trade . weep repressed by "host ile.. 'weld
6one ; 'now all the civilized nationsof the globe
welcome our commerce, and their' governments
profess teltverds us: amity.' . Then our, cieuttry
felt its. way hesitatingly along an- Untried path,
with ,States so tittle bouild..togethei. by - rapid .
'means-Of communication 'as-to be -hardly - . known
.to one. another, and .with historic traditions ea
-tending over very few. years ' new intercourse :be
twETwthe'States is swift and intimate ;-. the .ex
perienee ef . cenfuries . has been crowded • into a
.few generations, and has created an intense, in
.destesictibly. nationality. ' Then our eerisdietion
did not reach beyond -the inconvenient bounda
rieti of the terrieeries.whiele - had;
.-aehieved indite
pepdencee now, titiong,h cession of lands, first
colonized by Spain and Fraiuseethe country 'bas
'ac,quired.a.rnore ceniplet character, and has for
etematetral limite the chain oesLakes;the Gulf - of
Alexi o; and on the East And West the two great
hceans. Other nations were wasted byeivil ware
for ages before they could . establish -for them.;
.selves, thienecessary degree of 'Unity ; -latent con
viotion that our form of government le the best
ever -knoetn , to the world, has 'enabled . ne -. to
emerge from' ivil War withiti four - yeites,. with . 1 .
complete vindication of the conetitutionalapthore
ity.of the General Government,. and With our li
berties and. State institutions . .nninipaired.'. The
throngs of emigrAnts that crowd to our Althea
areevithessee of the.conlidence of all peopleit in
our permanence. ' Here ie•thes,reat land - ef. free
labor,.where,:indmitry. ie blessed with- eiheitun
-pled rewardseaed the bread of .thce'workingrein
is-sweetenedby the consciousness that the cause
of the country tiehie ewe' cause',, his own'. safety,.
his over , dignity." :. - Ilere• every one enjoys
.the
'free use of his faculties and the chuienof activity
as iteiaturelrighte .Here,.. under. the cetelaineil
itifinettee of - s - . fruitful- wile' genial climes, - arid.
happy institutions,* population bait inereeserie fif
teen .feld -whelp' acentury. Here, . through' the
easyelettelopment of boundless reeources.. wealth.]
haseneretieted'with tWci-fold . greeter rapidly: than
.numbers; se - that we have beoettie Secure against:
the financial' vicissitudes of -other . countries; , and
'alike in business_andie opinione are self-deetred
eretitruly eindepetidente . Hero - there • and, more
care is given to provide education ftir :every. .one
born on our Soil. • Here religion; relegate'. from
Et=
,re Hither- .
•ir44.,*teit, the
NK-a'eli•
'our Om.
theta *WI
ciltAifed ,
i;W•4 7 a . `
ired*O-
_ ~-~
~'°~~~
ANDREW JOHNSON,
.WASHINGTON,' December - 4, 1865. •
Abstracts of the Depaftmentldßeports.
.
The'Eleeretury. of she Ticasory:
• The - Secretary- - 3ajrs that ' the. Currency. the Public
Debt, Ind the iterenne..detnand • the early and Careful.
attention of Congosss... . •
.•
The., present legal.tender acts were.war measures,
nrid;:while the repeat of those provisions which- made
the 'United Statereatotes lawful, money.is' not now re-'
commended. the Secretary is -of the opinion that they
-ought notito - reihaln in force one .day longer than shall
be necessary to enable:the people to • prepare for a re- •
.turnt.to .the constitution - al currency. He thinks' that
the work of retiring the legal-tender notes:should be
commenced • nt. ,once.. and 'gradually and persistently
continued until all are retired. • • . • •
The rapidity - with • which the government 'notes can
be withdrawn will depend - open the -ability:of the Sec
retery to disfinse of securities. The infinenc - ftm of tuna-
Ing upon the money ',lecke wily sufficiently prevent
their tnempid•withdrawil • The Secretary, however,
, believes -that a.decided movement towards a contrac
tion of, the currency is not only it public imeessity., hut
that It Will speedily tliseipate• the apprehenitikaa' which
vet y '
exists, that the effect - •of such - A policy
'Must nece ssarily'. be to make money scarce and to,di
tllitlit-th the prosperity of the country, .• •
' • To prevent wide - spread disaster encotirnze produc
tive inde.stry. and relate high prices, no much telt by
• the poor. the remedy is, in the opinion of the Secretary,
'to he found in the reduction of the currency
The paper circulation on the Slat of October last wan
$70.1.118.038 2.0, and likely to be increased. •
The:Secretary. respeetfully but . earnestly recom
mends
First. Thitt Congress dociar. that the .Crimprmnd in
terest notes Shall - cease to.be a legal tender. fun_
the.
date of their maturity. , - • •• . •
'Second. That the Secretary be -authorized - in his ilia
: create' to - sell bonds of the :United •States,
terest nt ende not exceeding six - percent. andredeem.
able and. payable at such - periods - as .may be conducive
to the interests of the government, for the purpose of
retiring.not only compound interest notes, but-the Cni
-ted Stares notes • • • .
:It is the opinion - of the Secretary. as hue been elready,
stated. that the process of • contraction cannot he Juju-.
rionsly rapid ; and that it will not be necessary to re,
tire - more than one hundred: or at .mnst two: hundred
millions of United States-notes. in addition-to the corn
ptinnd notes. before the desired result will be attained:
Bat - neither the amount I redaction: nor the nine that
will be rennired to bring up the currency to the specie
standard. can now he estimated with any degree of ac,
. curacy. The BM thing to lie done is to establish the poi.:
. Icy, or contriction. When. this is effected: - the. Sect eta •
'ry believes that thelan.iness of the country a% ill yeaoily
accommodate iteelito the proposed change in the action
. of gtivernment. and that. specie payments may be, re
'stored without a shock to trade,.aisill without it dimintt‘
•
tine of time public revenues or of pr..ductive industry.
The Secretary speaks of the. national debt, and the
necessity of removing it: •This - can be dime by increas
ing the national income beyond the national expendi-
The first 'step to be taken is to institute measures for
funding the Obligations that are soon to mature Toe'
next is to providefor raising in: 4 manner the least pdf-
Aius and oppressive to tax-payer,. the revenuemecessa.
ry to pay the interest on the debt; and a certain si-a.
'nice amount annually for the reduction of the principal.
The Secretary respectfully suggests that on this subject
the expressi9n of Congress should he decided and cm,
iihatic."..O. is of the greatest iniportance. in the Man
agement of a-matter of so - surpassing interest. Oat the
start should he made.' Nothing hut revenue will.
;sustain the national credit. tintl nothing less than a
axed policy for the reduction of the public debt will be
.likely.to prevent its increase. •
On the 31st of October, 1565.. the. public debt was i'l.-
"June
55; The receipts for the fiscal year
June 30.: 1 , 31;5,- were $1,595.632 9a3 24,: the expendt-
Awes; $1.U97.674.224 99. ' Leaving a :balance in the:
Treasury 'on- the lat day of Ju1y,1995; of .isss,soir 15. • • -
" The follioving. - statement exibits the items of in-.
cre?ise and decresise of the ptiblic debt fot the fiscal year
Amount of public debt June 30,4905,' $9,031593,00 53
" • " " ,1561, 1.740,990.439 49
. .
•• Total increase • ' • ••• Ststl,ffiartia 'O4
The statement of the probable receipts and expendi
tures fur the next fiscal year is in the highest degree
satisfactory. 'According to-- estimates which are • be-•
nested to be reliable, the' receipts of that:year•wilL be
sufficient to pay all current expenses of•the govern
ment, the interest on the public debt, and leave the
hatelsome.balance dr $111.681.81S 12- to be applied Jo
ward'the payment of the debt itself. '
• The Skretary belieyes that the debt can he paid with
out irreatly.buidening the nation,. in. thirty years.
- After careful reflection the Secretary concludes that
no aet of Congress (except for .raising the neces: , sry
revenue). w o uld be na,,rit acceptable to. the people, or
better calculated 'to strengthen the national credit;
than one which should provide that two hundred' mil
li, ha of dollars, Commencing 'with the next fiscal- year,
shall berannually.iMplled to the payment of theinterest
and principle of ,the national debt. The" estimates for
the'neit fiscal Year indicate . that a very much larger.
amount could be'so apPlied without an increase of taxes.
• .The Secietary.recomtriends reyi,siou .of the present
system of internal revenue. ' • : l•
•
.•
• The Secretary speaks of thelaluirs of the commission
the subject,' Messrs'. David A... Wells, Stepnen Col
well HaYes. and _says: -
It is tinderstood to be the opinion of the commission-.
ere that it would be inexpedient at once to make any
radical aid violent changes in'tbe nature' and working,
of the'pre,ent revenue system, and that we ilsonlitratb
er-seek. through experienee.and study, to. perfect tbe,
present system b)i .. degrees sr) as to gradually adapt -it
tai. the industrial habits and fiscal capacity of the people.
The Secretary is also; informed- by the .commissioners
that it Seems certain to them. without any increase in
the rate of taxation, buthy the enactment of some mod
ifications and amendments of the - present law. coupled.
possibly, evedwith some reduction in the rates. "an iu
crease-. 4 agenue from comparatively - fete sources to
, the extent of some fifty or sixty millions of ,sources
fair
annum - : over and above that now-obtained, may he con
fidently relied on. If this shnu'd. be the case_ an early
repeal of a multitude of small, taxes which-from the in-:
:quisitorial character of their nietbod of c rilection, have
becoine-eitrenaely odious and eqjectionable, will be ad
.
. . .
The attention of Congress ig,niz.ain' called to the im
portance of early and definite action' upon, the subject
of our Mineral lands. • in- .Which !titled are involved
queStions not only of revenue, hut social queetions of a
most interesting character. .
.By the report, of ilin'Comptroller of .the Currency it
appears that sixteen Mindred and one banks had been,
on the Met of October-last, organized under the Na-•
tional Banking act. Of these. sic hundred and seventy
nine were original organizations. and nine ,hundred and.
twenty-446 conversion. from State institution&
The national hankieg systemltyas designed not only
to furnish the people vrith.a•eonrid eircidation. but one
of uniform value and this ie not likely . to be fully. ac
complished until the hanks try compuls ion or their own
vtiluntirry art. keep their notes at parin the princtpal
money markets of the Country.
•• The establishment of the national banking system is
'one of the great compeneations of the war—one of the
great achievements of this remarkable period. In'
about two years and a halt from the organization of the
first natirotal bank. the whole system of bankingnnder
State laws has been superseded, and the people of the
Unibql -Stites have been furnished -with- a:circulation
-bearing npntrit the seal of the TreaSury Department as
a guaranty of its solvency. It only remains that this
circularion-shall bee redeemable Circulation redeema
ble not only Mille counters of 'the. banks, but .at the
commercial cities, to make the national. banking . sys- - .
-tent of almost ineorteelvahle benefit to the country.
. 'These are. he important points of the"report. which
is lengthy. We have not room, for a lengthier abstract
of this eery. interesting.doentnent. . ' •
. .
Seer of. War.
The 'military - approprintiims •he the last .Congress
amounted to the sum of five hun d red and sixteen mil , -
Hone two hundred and forty thous ml one hundred and
thirty-one dollars and siventy-cs!nts. (416;44p:131 Tn.)
The military estiaitea. .forthe next fiscal year, after
careful.revtsion, amount to thirty-three. ndllionseight
hundred andlourteen thousand four hundred and six
tv-dne.dollars and eighty-three •crnts f533.:i143 4 .31.5 .3
The national tnilinny force on the first of May, 761;5.
-numbered one million five hundred and sixteen
ii proposed to reduce the .military'establishrohnt to
fifty and' over eight' hund red. t hon grind
have.already been mustered .ont of service. What has
oreasbnied this reduction of. force and•exiwnditure. in
the War Departnient,• it is the purpose of this report' to
explain.
ore' MILITARY routine.
Official reports sho*. that on.the ftzsli - of March. 1665,
the aggregate national military force of all arms. offi;.
teni.and men.. was nine hundred and sixty-five thtustmd
five hundred and ninety-ono. to *it : '
Available force present for linty • • •
On detached service In the different military de
pArtmetits .112.636
In field hoSpitals, or unfit for duty..:............31.6.28
In general hospitals. or on sick leave at home.. 146.419
Absent on fmlongh ot as prisoneits of r.•ar • 11.691
Absent without leave 19,683
• •
Grand aggregate 965.591
• This force was augmented on the first of May. 1565,
by enlistments to the number of one million five hun
dred and sixteen of all arms. of and Men (1,006,516)
READINFHS FOS TOEZION' WAR
• The war appropriations at the' last session of Con
gress. as has been stated, amounted to the sum of $516,-
240.131 TO. The estimates for the next fiscal - , year,
commencing June 30, 1865. are $33,814.461 83. • •
The' stimates are based opoit a standing force of fifty
thousand men. &organized as to admit-of un increase.
without additional orgsalzations, to 82,000 troops of all
This' estimate bas 'been nude after conference and
careful consideration, and is 'believed •to be ; adequate
for any national exigency. if the e;untry should be
blessed' with peace. The reductioa 'of the national
military force in, its rapidity and numbers. is without
example, and if there be any alarm - in the ; . public...mind
because this reduction is made while- grave qu&Ptions
at borne and abroad are unsettled. a briefeonsideration
of the subjectwill show that there is no tatusie forap
prehension. . - • • , '
The force to be retained-is small compared With that
which was organized to subdue the rebellion. But the
only reaaons'for demanding • greater force arc-Ist;
newel of the insurrection:'9d, a foreign . . war. For
either tir.both emergencies the national resources re
main aniple. The chief demands for s war, as shoWn by
our experience; are, let. : trbops ; 2d, ars and aminu-.
nition ; 3d. clothing '; 4th, transportation';and 50 sub
sistence supplies.. , ' The Secretary shows conelusively
. that, we hare abtmdance'of all for any war that can be
waged against us by any nation.. '
Besides the signal success -vouchsafed to our arms,
other causes contributeil to overthrowthe rebellion.—
Among the, chief of these may be reckoned: ,
, 'l. The steadfast 'adherence 'Of the President to, the
measure of emancipating the slaves in -the, ebel States.
Slavery wasavowed by the leaders 'of the rebellion to
be Its corner stone. By that system millions of people.
constituting nearly • the whole - working - population of
the both. were' mployed in prodncing-supplies on the
• ' plantation. in the. workshopsarid mannfactoriet. and
-wherever labor was requited, .thut enabling the white_
population to fill the rebel armies. The hopes of free
dom, kindled by the emancipation proclamation, para.
'• lyzed the industrial power of the rebellion.' . Slaves
. seized their chances to eseffpi.: discontent and distrust
were engendered. the hopes of the , slave, and the fears
of the master, stimulated by therouccess of 'the Federal.
. arms. "book eacirdarmore and-more :thee• fabric built
on - humerrsitivery, -., • .. - -
2. The resolattpUrptiee of Congrees jo maintain the
Federal Union at ali hazards, manifested by its legista
. non. was an efficient canoe . of. oursuccess; Ample
supplierapPropriated for the army and navy,: revenue
laws for supplying 'the' treasury, careful revision and
amendnient ot the- laws Tor tecrutting the army and
IWI
enforcing the draft gare practical direction to the pa.
triotic peewee 'of 'the- people to' maintain a regional
existence
ofithe thatF s e h deral thdoould afford
protection and respect by •
mean, n. - • - .
• ',3:.•Patriotic matintrea adopted by the Governors of .
loyalfitstres. and the - efficient aid they rendered the
War Department fn , filling up the rankle urthe ermy,
andfurnishing emcee and relief to .he sick and win g.
ed. ins ely contributed uu the national. preservatiot..—
Ofthesehreasitree dee of the matt important was th e
aid:tendered by the Governors , of Ohio. Indiana,
nois, and Michigan, in the opening of the cempaigu of
The result of the , presidential election of twit er.:
erted an important influence upon the war. Intercepted-.
letters anti despatches betweenthe rebel leaders thew-•
ed that their hopes of poems rested greatly upon the
presidential election. If the' Union patty prey e il e i ,
t h e prosecution itt the war until the national authority
.should be restored appeared inevitable, and the rebel
muse desperate. Even on thebaule.field the influence
of the election was felt. The' overwhelming - widow or
the people at the presidential election encouraged the
heroic daring of our Own troops. and dismayed thos e
who were fighting Ina hopeless cause.
b. The faith of the 'people in the national mem% a s
manifested by their *won of the government credit,
elk, contributed Much to thenttspicione result. While
- thousands upon thousands of brave men filled the' ranks
of the army. millions of money were required fur the
treasuzy:- These were flitnished by the people, who ad
vanced their money on trovernmeot secutittes. and free
ly staked their fortunes for the national defence.
Looking to the causes .that have aceompl ished the
national dellvetance. there se ms no room henceforth
to doubt the • stability of the Federal Union. These
causes are permanent, and mast al wept have an active
• existence. The majesty of national has been ex
hi bit ed in the courage and faith of our citizens. and die
, ignominy of rebellion is witnessed by the hopeless end
of the great rebellion. -
• . ._Postmaster •Geseral.
The revenues of this Department for the year
elided June 30; 1865; were $14.5M,158 70, and the
gb penditures $13,694,728.28, leaving a surplus of
The ratio of increase of revenue was 17 per
gent, and of expenditure 18 .per rent., compared
with previom year. -
The estimated expenditures for the year ending dune
. 3Q 1867. are... .. $lB GIS 000
The numhsr of postage stamp. issued daring the year,
was 387.415,455.' representing ' a 4,090,781.50
Stamped envelopes, 2;040,425.: 1:4 00
Stamped wrappers, 140,150. representing 21 . 41.3 00
Making in an. . $12,647.437 '4O
- increase 411,873,108 ovor the prvious Year.'
The amonnt sold was $12,:P9,727 85, - being $l,-
623,138 27 more llian the previous year.
.. The mail service in operation ,on 80th of Jane,
1865, embra •ed 6,012 routes, - of the arzrvgate
rength - of 142.310 miles, costing $6.216,884 (ezelu
f.i.ive of conipensation to route and other agents - ,
amounting to $556,603.75). - '
Railroad. 23,401 miles, costing ." $ 4 2,707.421
Steamboat, 13,088 miles. costing '359499.
Celerity, &c., 14.3,351 miles. • Mating 3,/79.9KS
, The aggregate miles of transportation were 57,903.-
40t. • : •
. .
lbalroad , .
• -24,087,663
-
Steambunt .. ' • ' • 2.444,696
Celerity. Sc . - . . 31,461.430
The .00dt per mile, for Armitiportation by rail
rmi,l'svrol, 11i cents; etelmaoat, Fit cents; celer
ity &C. 40 cents. . • - - .
The increased 4mgth of. ratites was .3,163 miles;
of transportation, 1,678,137 miles ; and of cost,
1428,415. .
The number : of 'routes ordered into operation in
States lately in rebellion i 5 241-; their length 18,-
640 i chile ; and rompeosation 5721,949 reduc
tion compared with former cost Of service in those
States, of 8881,109 per aininin.
;The aggregate portages, Oa,. inland,- and
. _
foreign, upon the • corre.pondence exchanged
with foreign - couLtries, amounted to :1,819;928
The number of post offices established•'on the
30th Jnne,-1865,- Including suspended offices in
southern. States,. wse 28,882; number subject
h , :aptx)intnient by the President, 712; by the
Ptistmaster General; 28r,170.
New offices established during the year, 586:
offices distiontinued, 582 ;, changes of names and
sitf.s, 200. ' .' .
The number of dead letters received, examined .
and disposed of was 4,368.067, an increase of 859,- (A ,
,262 flyer the provions'yoar. . .
.The number containing money, and reinkilNl .
to OWIIVS, Wel 42,151, with enclosures amounting'
to 5244;373 97. Of these, 35;268, containing 5210,..
951 90, were delivered, leaving 6,1336 undenvered,
with enclosures of_the value of $33,41.9 07. The
number containing . Bilryg - leioi than one dollar was
16,709; iimonntirig to 54,647 23," of 'which 12. Git,,
',ciaitaining 53,577 62, were delivered to the wnters.
The number of registered letters and packages
was 3, 91.6; - • • .
The number of letters containing checks, bills
or exchange, deeds, and other pap.lrs of value,
was 15,304. with-a nominal value of 63,329.teei, of
•whieli 13,746, containing $3;246.149, were deliver
ed, leaVing 'uni;bsimetll.ssB, of value 683,731 •
The number containing photographs, jewelry,".
and miscellam ous articles way 69,902. Of these;
41,600 Were delivered, and. 28,302 remain for dis
posal, or being worthless, - have been deatrOyed. -
the number of valttablr, letters s,int•ont was 107,-
979 ; an increase ef•347792 over previous year.
-There were returned- to public offices, induding,
franked•ietters, 23 677 •
.
The number containing, stamps and articles cf
small value was 8,209; - and unpaid and misdi
rected letters 166,215. • .
-The number of ordinary dead lettera returned
to the writers was 1,188,599; and the number not
delivered was 297,304' being about 2.3. pe r -cent. of,
the whole. Of. these not delivered, lees thsn 4
r cent..were refused, by the:writers.
.. The • nuniber of ; foreign letters returned was
167,449, and the 'number received
_from' !oreign
countries, was 83,361. -
- The bomber of postal money-order offices is
419, inclUding those .in the Pacific. States and
Territories, and some of the 'principal offices in
the SOuthern States. Orders have been issued
for putting into operation fifty-five additional'
BalanceS Were due from Southern' postmasters
at the outbreak of the rebellion amOunting to
:=369,027 87, few of which have been paid. Means
are being .employed, through courts and other
agencies, to collect the amount due to the Guy
eminent.
Although the service has been restored an each.
of the Southern Staten, it is - not eo general as the
department has desired and the wants of the citi
zens require, because of the'defticulty of procur
ing contractors and postmaetere,• who can take
the oath prescribed by the acts of July 2, 1862,
and March 3, 1863, requiring Uniform. loyalty to
the GOvernment during the rebellion as the con
dition of holding office and for the . conveying of
the mails.. -
M . . ..
r. Dennison expresses the hope that the De
parturient may-sown become 6'olf-supporting, and
tliPt not onlv domestic but international-paltsge
will be reduced., . . . -
.--'*l..ioioto • -,lttelligeoro-.-
A FAIII.--A fair, for the benefit of the M. E.
Church in St. Clair, will be held ut the Depot Hall. to
commence on Monday. Deeemberllth. iStib.' The doors
will be opened from tP. M. to 10 P. M., every day du- •
ring the week. The community are generally Invited
to attend. A pleasant time is anticipated.
• Dec. 3. t 65. 4.+4't
. Dedication:7.TM new M. E. Church jug com•
pletdd,. in Muhanoy City, -will, ProCidence - permjttlic,
be dedicated to the worship of God on Sabbath. rth
inst: Services throughonfthe day. Rev 3. B Mc
.CWI-fled' of -Pottsville, Rev. J. Aepnlof.Minenville,
and others, will assist in the dedicatory service: .31
Tar. Rector of Trinity. Church ; requests .that those
members, of- the congregation who were prevented from
contributing to the collection taken up on Thanksitiv-.
Ing Day for the Fishbach Chapel, would deposit their
offerings on Sunday next, inn bat, which will be pro
vided for the 'Purpose. • -
. . .
.. - ; • . NOTICES. ' .
. Irk7Trinity•Episcoisal Church.- Atibile the
Church is undergoing repairs services will be held in
the Court Rouse at 10)4 O.OOOC. A . M , and Th' P: M.
nr.Welsla. congregational Church.' P.m% E.
R.. Lkwts„serviees every Sabbath alternately, at lu
o'clock, A. M.: - and G'o'clock, P. M.: '
rirlist Ittiptiest Churich.—Sanday morniug ser.
vice fl nie;. o'clock.) corner Mahantongo and ith strest4,
Sunday evening service ti o'clock.) Sd street; near Cal
lowhill. , - . R. H. AUSTIN. Pastor..."
• Residence Mahantougo above 7th, Street.
Union • Prayer s illeetimg, every Sunday •
morning, from Sy; to 9X o'clock, in•the frame Church
onSecend Street, between Market and Norwegian Sts.
All are invited. - • . .
ria—Evatultelicul. Church,. Callnwhill. street.—
Rev. Sass.t. G.'lbtoaus, Pastor, will preach Gerrinin ev
ery Sunday morning at 10 welock, aud:Englieh in the
Evening nt 7 O'clock. - :
Cir - .Germinu: Reformed, Church; Market
Street, Rev J. C. Rectica. Pastor. Regular service',
alternately, in the:Gerinan and English languagee. ev,
ecy Sabbath day, at 10 A. M. & 7 P. 111.. Y Prayer Meet-
Ijlld Lecture every %Vediteeddy evening at 7 P. M.
,haotier Sib' and 22d, English in the morning tuil
German in the . evening; .
-
Octoliei-ifith and 29th, German in, the-Morning - arid
English inthe evening. • • ,• •
• rk—.llietitoditit.E. ChurCh, Second street. above
Marker: 'Rev. 3. s.'.3lcCet.t.onou, Pastor. Servici.s :
Sabbath, at ln, . M., and 7, P. M. Prayer Meeting,.
i'vesiiay evening., tit 73,1 - . • --
* ar — Fri re. i resbyper ian Church, corner lie.
hantongo and Third Streets. Rev. isaao Rtt.ev. Pax.
tor. Services, Sunday-1034 A.:11. and 7P. 31. Let.
tore, Thursday . evenitig . at • 7 - P. Prayer Meeting, •
winner before .10, . Sunday morning. Smithy School,
g'P. • M. Monthly public meetin; 1.1 Sand :v . -of every
• -
month.
' 31.r . 2d Presbyterian Church; Market Scoare:
S, Pixere, D. D.: Services Si aeoh
mornings Linos 4)'004"k: I'ivenings, at 7„V. Weekly
Lecture and, Prayer • Meeting. - Friday evenings at:
o'clock Pastor's , reeddeece Mabantungo St., corner
I Gth or Conrtland etrect. - :• •
MA HRIED.
A Marriage Saices munt be azcompaniefi with 25,
cents tonppiai in JOFANII.I. • • - •
-IX)E.RFLINGEEtFERNSLER— : On the 7th of
at the tesideuce of the bride's father, (3vwrAv A. Lei kW
LI SGLX to AtO,o HA,nen ELIZ,LUNTLL Cbillgt!Wr of Fr 4 d•
erick D. and Harriet Ferneler. .
. , .
JONESBEDDOW—On Suielay, Nov. 29tli. by the
Rev; Mr_ Watkins, of Minersvilltu lYsvio A. Jostv,
Req., of Pottsville, to Mire MAev` Bzooow. of, 'Wipers
ville;Pa. . . .
. . „
LETCHER—SIIEPPERD—On the 7th inst.. by the
Rev. Joseph McCool. Mr. Jolts Lercitta to Miss SAss
Sur:event , . both of Potts% Me: . • .
. . .
MILLER,TILL— , M the house of the bride's parent&
on the.eeeuing of The nksg,ivine Day, by the Rev. J: B.
McCullough. Mr: ILtaerr Mit.i.r.a. of Springfield: Ot
aega County. N to Miss Emn.t Tux of thia Borough.
PALL—BANTONAGE,On Nov. 4th, a Orwige.
burg, by Rev. D. Z. Evmbt,q. -Mr. Wll. PAUL to Miss
EMMA. HANTONACit, both of. Bart BrunawickTownshlp •
SCROENE4i--EV.ANS—,On the 23d 'of Nov.: by Ver.
D. Z. Aerobe'. Mr. SA uttlL SULIOLNEY to. Miff Pima
Eva e, both of Ortelgehurg.-Fa.'
MANGEB4ELL Sunbury; Nov.. Vith. the
Rev. Dr Dickson. Capt: .F. hfartoca of Asuised.
'Schuylkill County,. to Mho • KAT - Y ; BELL of -Le.wi,-itar ,
Union youutp.
..:.• • . • •
•
W••••AYN—In Beniville..BerkiL.Dianty."Pa. , Decomber
tp,IS6S, MM. RENHATTA .51.••WAvN. wife at
T. Wtiyn,•aged 55 yeats:l month end IS ' •
"Adorn. thee - Graves of the Dead."
„ . .
THE .MAR 13 LE YARD
ATININERSVILLE.
• , •
finabeert rem . oved to the cast end of the town, corner
of Munburf ntreetnad Pottoville Road.
The. undersigned . respectin Ily mile the erten non of
the public to his stock of . • '
AMERICAN & ITALIAN MARBLE,
Which he. to matmfacturiog into Tombs bitgrafilent6
. Head and Foot Stones, Mautlepieces, Table andßures ts
h
Tops..WlndoW .and Dour Sills: Steps, &c., also
ot the
, tko
• with Hailing, for cemetery purpOses. .Lettericg
best styles done in German and hMelLsh characters• and
all kinds of. only *MENTAL WORK
CICCa
ted'in the highest style of art and the most Subsuintial
manner. He also has now'Maily. some beautiful scui•
tures Made oat 01 Dalian Marble, cohabiting of
ca some-_.
very neat designs for cemetery purposes. *aches rvoi
Lambs,' Flower -Vases. Urns, Doses, &c. Piesse
and- examine for yourtelves. Prices are very
Work delivered ar a distance tree of charge: ' •
P. F. EISF.NDHOWX formerly of Nortleand Co.
Anguat •t 4
DIED.