WI
El
[
04 .
meiit or the Receipts and
r.tk ,. .4 Expenditures_
illfl. F.4 I(ILL 00. FOB THE -TEAR 1E47.
, s. q., Treastirer of file CAW, of &FRO.
coast with tie Cminsissisaws ofsaid County
E3th o f lasosat-y . 4. D., 1847, is Ills Oil of ,
1848, taslosisq.
I.it;tl -1,,,. Dr. I.
Zellealitemianing In the habds of the Tree.
. islettlement, As petteport of Auditors.
' peek.*7. 1847, r3BO 55
544nfeeiredfor taxeson unseated lands, 1025 07
Cteceived - for unseated lands sold at
L ...,.... r'. sale; 703 45
'Tr* eirea fr r unseated lands sold at
4 01 .. 1 nevi' sale, 3799 50
elyed formnseated lands redeemed 1728 06
'": •J from Jeremiah Reed, tato Sheriff,. .
nd verdicts, 69 p
'd from Leonard. Moyer, balance of
full, 10737
o n=d from Francis Barth for one bond
at, 520 00
Pied Francis Barth, for interest due
110r064 30 00
;
tagt-ers.. d, John Holder for strays, 65
..W. , .' Alexander Hunger for strays. • 6 07
' , 411....1. Jonathan Kistler do 3 Hi
• ' Viriri''; Lewis Reeser' • :do .15 85
dis'P'-' , .. , John Bunsen for storm , - 701
• : .•"410:Beckts.Bnyderfor old lumber, palor,tc3 51
.1144 .. .'il Jacob Reed Esq for fines ' 25 02
'.." 41.;YPhilip Weiser Esti for fines 15 07
,-•' •-,14 , ..61:. Wm B Lebo Esq for fine. - 25 00
•,."'". 40,i7i•Pcter Kutz Ju r oror tines . 266
4 14. - ,..!. 0 /11 Straub fine collected of
•- ,• - H D Lewis 10 00
-'!-.--. ,'•:sr- I T Werner sheriff for 6nes'end
."S verdict.. 491 75
' .- . ...*Pj Philip Weiser, £sq., rent 'collect
. .. - "i" ed of R. Kline.
`,-'d._Benjamin Pott for 2 deeds, 2 . `
---
off..: G. 11. Stichter forJos. Grohs' note
•in full, 33 75
‘,..,,, • ;
i'..7lfea William Garret for L. Hiller &
'," -""' Kitzmiller on a ante; 37 00
- z..4- ' 7 : 40.` . ,' WineFrailcy furl old stove & pipe kc. 6 79
i , des.'-', Frederick Beck, rent for Court room; 1 00
• f::sie f :' , - r - G. B. Zul ich for two year, rent for
' 1.7-.., ,, 4 - • Rooms In Court-House for Tit
`.;i,". ' tonic Lodge,
—Nf:i4lo: the millect'rs of the different tOjirri
. •
.ir;i4 ships, i? wi.
', 11 b.•,iti , , i,•,>24 • Norweg::. - 1 'iownsllip.
' '' ' ' 'Wi&ilinghani for 1844, in Rail 11 15
'Ya 04:* feCouner 1845, dO 11055 01
,ro:,,rF .,4 ooonner 1007, 1271 oo
_
• • ---- 1327 17
nJi
Branch Township.
v '''''464.isler for 1845, In full . 346 28
a nit ..,4;:vonser 1846, 1517 SU
,IVe filer 1847, 539 00
---- Uri 21
IVest Brunswig.
t0i,1940. SRO 97
I re. 1847„ • 185 00
-- 1005 97
zr9.5).
=heir:
•'`.lerd'lor '1843, in full
- Scath Alsatian
u'a
t,.;ii,:gramm.r for IM,
• ' artolet 1847,
Norla Martha=
• iiiisibert forlS47,
la, Li:itll
Adu;,r(4,4 Porter Townstip.
n ha ,r4ierlint for 1841, in fall 103
' 1/101-r 1843, do 11 76
wa '//1110z 1844. ' ' • 'l4 50
nral/4151611iesrler 1845, 17 50
•
15115111 Saw; 1846,
60 00.
F. .
---- 136 79
--f......,+:
~.2:Mi ' Pitlegreve lotonship. . .
, r Schrope, 1641, . 135 00
litlte, 1844, In. Ain, 156 29
owl, 1816, , , 660 00
, CIP rge r , 1847; = • 150 00
-- 1001 29
Pineg"Ve Baruugh.
100 00
larelmbazlt. IS-15,
166 00
.Idiankuke,.lB46,
..
'CD ilf.':':...-,' East Brantwig• '
, • SB5 00
I n e traver,lM6 . ,. .. _
100 00
„1-y05t,1,647,
Orwiksburg.
fall ',16114hu, 1847, In full, 294 49
. Blythe
tb.° tttl ys6, 1947, to full
Lower Mahaltoeigo.
683 00
)rertAlgtlitzman, 1646,
.11ressler, 1847, 870 00
'wo r, ...,, Upper Mahantongo.
,oil rlablititsiler, 1812. In full, 49 83
has 412,W.Ifeppler, IWO, do l5
•it 31811184 1846, .. 3 66 u 0
*r R.:N10ck,1517, - 411 00
J, If
; , - ~;,';
• ~ ' .
Wayne.
to k iwi Teich, 1645, In rut d 215 08
fbonylteehsoni, 1916,1 646 00
'''''''' WI Vir.,l3 dine 4, 1617 , 440 00
the'? - -:-" , ..e - ...-
~t - ,,, , ,.'
.....`",,,,,,-'-„ Schuylkill Towns/ .
up.
, r ,1111.01451eeckle, 1841, in
I" ,
I''' WOW. Koch. 1546, dol'4ll
.• 538 'O7
i
tut: ) Inign Yost, 1547,' 168 00
rite. -`;
Tamaqua.
, Ilifbeck, 1846,
'''' 'l3illliett, 1817,
I lac '' s ' attl ".4 n
zeiPn '
':- - ' cZimmennae. 18 48 . -
:en .:- - n Zimmernin,ls-17„
er. ; 84 11 , :est Penn.
ir o . -,,1. ? , • Schuylkill Harem
i
- 48hdv,1445, in full
a'vennern. 1846.
''' ''' Koch, 1547,
,; '''.4 :VC. .:: _ r ilinei•srille.
i
,-„.* , nvost, 1645 , In full •
'"" lot t o ; 'lmstnplter, I&16,
... , 1 ... tf . o4o:nes, 1n47,
155 06
420 00
516 00
; '.„.18i 6 ,
I L * " *Ocile, 1517, in full
'..i , 1,.:
lake: v...., „4. . Union
~ A, . {honey, 1911, irauit
'
Dreher. 1416,
' t: '''' - Alfeteeh, 1847,
i:1..,..: ::". , : s.
. Ruih.
~,„ 404441.1ndner. IMS, In full
rlllllKaup, 1846,
.AOl .:..,...1 •
,;,/...: fi- ,,, .1 • . Berry,
11** 80111.18 11 , in full
Allsyder. 1444. do - 47 41
.
jangler, 1815, do -
46 45
h,'
..
r„ ./?eueler, 1846, AGO 00
,to
litn, Ml._, ,6 86
Aye
. 100 00
3':, ee.l
Tire .
HWilout, In full ianheim‘
.ta a Y•.!....
. _......
Putt:viiie
.. --
.•• Cr.
nit I- Iniglgpald Philip-6. Clouser for et bond In tun rg 00
, r ,t : -Interest due on hoods
-, ' '""./' -' 4 % Treasurer Schuylkill Co. Alms House 55 00 00
1101 ' • • •:l "., Supervisors of Barry town'p. due them 393 50
wend;: de Ploegrove township 518't47
5,.•. • do 1.- Mahantongo Ownshly 78 '45
•-•- .'' . do Sehujlkill township 71 56
_
TiThil 'do West Penn township ,7 48
do • Manheim township • . 47 97
- -8., do Rush township Jr• 53 23
C L. , ", -, Auditors for auditing accounts for 1848'' 24 00
anti is r ' - ' J. P. Hobart for Auditing Proththono-
N,'...... I.; tory account ~ 18 00
Assessors wages: .
ix- e g g*. Road and Bridge viewers
/ 823 47
474 50
Dili ii to Grand traverse and Petit Jurors and
„,.. ~...:i Constables 3529 10
m- •••• •• - 14
. Justices and Witnesses fees and mile-
Eli•r: -:,,,,,, ago..iti Commonwe•lth cases - 1717 84
, ~..4 :-.4, Constables fees and 31ilcage in Coco
- ~4:• monwealth cases
'C i '''''' -,"4126 Return judges &c. for Opting and fall
,h . O , f - .,:. elections
1- '' . l2 Coroner and Justices for holding In
quisitions 509 55
~_. . rall • Constables fees & Mileage in making
...„„,,.2c:.1 • returns _ 117 09
- , ft' Inspector. of Eastern Penitentiary 451 03
.
. i'-' l'. ar Michael Graeff for boarding ...furors in
1'.,,.': - .2 . 4 Catl . 269 00
• "842 • Dr. Samuel R. Medlar medical attea- .
ir E..• . 5 . ,'s dance to Prisoner 25 00
„ ~ ',nip' Dr. 8. M. Zullch do - 38 96
' ..''','-, J. F. Werner for Sheriff's fees and
3 ' . ,' - '; :1,`,4 boarding prisoners - 198162
';", ,/" :. 7 '.‘' Inn Hannan Esq. for two Iron posts 14 50
',...; ‘ , - ,..7 4 - : Peter F. Ludo ig for crying commis
,_:., r stoners gala - 10 00
''''' Joint Agnew for 1 Lever press and 1
. • Locks
'''''••-
• •7 '' Premiums and Justices fees on fox
31:3'.‘ ....
scalps • •
..!•`,... - - - g C. 111. Straub, and others for lands re-
C;' . - ' u"I• deemed
' '' , Abraham Lookingbill and others for
taxes refunded . 36 00
''''''.`,. ;.:, Ja c ob A Leib and others for arresting
''''N ... .g.:.- . Martin Shay • 230 00
.
'•- "I George 11. Stichter for amount over
6 •''^.7. purl on 1). Hill's license 4 00
" 2 ''' ..-.:•-• Andrew Swaim for bedsteads In prison 16 62
.5111 Reuben Miller and others for damages
to
'' t
. , ~ done bra road 20 00
';'•••' 4 .f.';'121 William I. railey for I stove, pipe 4-c. 21 32
on '''.,16744 John Bannon Esq. Counsel for Com
no' '`,-,...--• miusioaer's 200 00
0 ,'"lf - F. W. Hughes Presenting Attorney - 243 00
t r
'''' ‘•-• -'-'' IL E. Nke Esq Attorney, Common
ri.,w". - , 2 - . ... .. wealth vs. J..Riggs
;ol.4. -.14$ D. E. Nice Esq. serving Subpocena •
1 5 ' - triq John Eitleohour furnishing a room for . 4
54
1 --.',.% election • .' t
„ r, '
Ham ; C. M. yterub FAq. Clerk Sessions fees 567 29
no
".• . I - Aliq Ferdinand Rimer Court Crier • 73 00
~.,„. y..,.4112r, Frederick Beck Commissioners wages 290 25
;''''„'!
. -7 114zt 0. 11. Stichter . do . 215 50
'• ''''-,
"dad Lewis Dreher - . ' do
i 237 00
~,3 y . " Isaac Betz do . •_33 . 00 00
"'• I- - 40, J. Hoffman attending Courthouse See. 100
" •‘'.g' 0. 8. Zulich Commissioner's Clerk 500 On
ue ." . •
~ .: Robert IL Hobart assistant do 16 25
l 't 't. - 426( Daniel IL Shogner do do 13 62
- ..,.6v - clist Thomas Rutin no do 15 00
~,•.!; ilr.* J. Allebach lot keeping Court House
''''''' •". •" - -tr.; • ,A (lick In order • - • 10 00
~, i , r 41i . , 111-1 Frederick Beek travellingexpenses In
09
14
...,- :=,,:, : ,•:-.,A, holding appeals
._.
'l",, 5117-, - . Lewis Dreher and F. Beck, travelling
''.• 1 •'.• - - -:. - ; - "1 expenses 41 39
'' i '''''.lli••••o John Moyer for building agallows and
„,1' . ,-..,..-; Armin, • 2.5 00
' .'" ...6y . A4 Isaac Defrebn for making clothes for
e se-:"
.....4 James Rlcgs . - 500
l' lll '''''
~ • •• • ' 420 Henry Rutz Cro nits rope, 5 00
1 •',, 1 :/,51 Israel Walleisor for boryingill, Riggs 10 50
d''''',,' ":.:410 Ferdinand Kreter for makings fence 100
• 0 ,.',: • : _AB . Christian Seitz emoreying County
,' ",`, .....-1 - 6 Conandesinners on business 350
1 . •• ' • ,_.-- lsrael Walleiser for delivering Blythe
itch - •
, a ..... mem. 1 50
e / ' • 4
I;.r . e Freek Beth far Inkster& 4.1100 pens 113
John Hannan, tar a thermometer for
. . -Court room .
o Bickel ti. Mellon Air extm work le--
bridge at Pinegrove ::200 00
Dania) Boyer repairing bridge at Lands
'sieving'l 05
- .
~
-2 • of Joe. Moyer do do at Schall's Forgo ' 11 16
n Dan'l Knob do do at Middleport 110 00
- o Wm. Bickel balance, on bridge at
Plnegrove 227 16
o . Virm.BierkW for bridge in Bury town'y. 050 00
o Wm. nickel for bridge at Pahl'. - 1140 00
.'Henry Faust far bridge at Jones' 1900 00
• o Henry Faust fur painting bridge • 600
o.,Chas. Brum fat furnishing a room to. .
. •
hold an inquest • 3 00
a• n Joseph Hammer for bill of ned'z'a ''
56,76
- 0 Bickel& Medlar do • 3 32
• n Jacob atintainger, Jr, do - , i 165 47
2 ILA. r: Demmer do - ' ,20 93
Eltocar_r 41. Goad do • 1 00
VOL. XXIV.
By do Lewis Dreher do' 11 68'
By do Augustus Mendleson 'do ' I • "3t 52
By do • Frederick Beck for bill of shoes, fke. 27 80
By do J. &J. C. Rahn for m'd'Z'e . .21 30
By do Jacob llnntzinger, Sr. fur oil. &e. 694
By do Christian Zoller for binding books 21 95
By do Jno. Bannon for printing,& stationery 169 67'
By do • Shunt & Bigler for printing ` ,. 113 25
By do J. W. Brewer do .--,---•,.-,- 25 00
By do Voute & Dohrman do . I - 13 75
Bo do 81.172. Palmer. ' do I 145 25
By do E. O. Jackson 1 do 1 . ' 117 00
By do J. P. Bertram do • 117 00
By do Frailey &Hobart do ,I • 133 64
By do Wunctu & Rautuazt do I r 15 00
By do He n :Vitiate. stationer)! 34 09
By dr. Vdule & Hobart for keeping ConitUlss.
&loners' docket . I.
By do Michael Lindner for delivering as
sessments, , 1 - 12 00 -
By do Mich'l Lindner for woik ffir prisoners 50
By' do Treas.of Porter town'paehool districts ST IS
By do "of North Pinegioveg . e. do 159 44
By do liam'i Gass. Esq.,interpreting In court 300
By do " for repairs in public office 280
By do -Geo. H Stlchter for Wm. Bickel from
'S. Shindies, •• • 37 16
fly de- Chas. Dengler for dividing Lower
513 hantango • 51 00
By du Chas. Mahn for postage 247
By do Jacob Hoffman and others pumping
• water 52 09
By do Christian Berger. smith work 7 8 54
By do Danielli Graeff, do ' 33.48
By do Nicholas Walleiser formak ing a drain 67 00
By do J.'S. Pulsifer for surveying road from -
' New Castle 12 00
•
By do 3.8. Pulsifer for levelling a drain 600
By do Wm. Shnener for making ballot boxes 650
By do Mrs..llager for making pants, &c., fur
' prisoners 15_69 . "
By do C. M. Straub and others for repairing ,
press in Prothonotary's Office 19 . 43
By do Dr. J. S. Carpenter for making post
mortem examination, 10 00
By . do' Dr. J. D. Steinherger; for do : , .15 00
By do Dr. 11 J. Smith. for • do 500
By do Drs. Brady & Williams, do 10 00
By do Dr. J. 11. Hale, do 20 00.
Be do Dr. Stewart, do OO
By do Patrick Caro' and others funeral ex
penses
on dead bodies ' 36 43
By do John Kreterand aliens for work done
at public buildings . 37 29
By do Jas. Day and others watricinglail 19 00
By do Dan'l Rose for guarding Martin Shay 500
By do Christian Seitz for hauling coal, he. • .13 22
By du Jeremiah Loy for stone coal for Court
House, &c.
60 80
,
By do Henry Hay for hauling stone coal 10 10
By do David Stauffer for hauling stone coat 21 09
By do Dr. Halberstadt for making post-mor
tem examination 10 00
By do Fred'k Freed for posts and wood to jail 550
I By do Jacob Snyder for carpenter work at
public buildings - 29 41
.
By do Treasurer's sat arY . . 429 93
By balance reniainmg . in the hands of Henry
. Krebs, Treasurer ' , • 6269 84
12 II
1 00
1113
MID
MICI
318 00
40{00
732 00
1330 00 .
830 00
206 00
1:1Z3
830.696 02
Statement of tke outstanding debts tine tAs County by the
Collectors of the different townships:
Pinegrore Tuwnship.
Christopher Shrive, 184 110 69
John Folly, 1946 , 806 89
Thomas Berger, 1917 623 03
194 49
Oil 88
GM
Smil4 Manheim
henry Brummei;lB.lB
Abraham Ilartole, 1647
903 00
Tamaqua
Thomas BirkbeeP, 1544
Ass Barnett, 1847
CID
,
Wm. Kaup. , :
Charles Brause, 847
1313 08
East Brunswig.
Ttaniel Weaver, 846
Jonathan Yost, !F
1079 8
• lkirwegian
Edward O'Coaner,lB47 •
80 00
173 00
UM
Anthony Reehaom,' 1848
John %V. Liottnr, 1847
Ipper Mahantango.
Isaac Ilan m,.18411 2 , 8 91
Peter R. Klock, 1647 345 55
135 00
655 00
2'6 00
1000 00
Samuel Dreshei, 1 648 .
John Breda), 1947,.
1001 06
Barry
rands Dengler, 164 , 4 37 1251 77
John A. 0tt0,1E47, , 2
. _
North Manheiai,
George Deibert, 1547,
Pollaville.
Daniel Christian, 1635, •'.
Elias Derr; 1E46,
-- 1241 09
Schuylkill;
John Merte,lB42, 725 00
Benjamin Y01i,1647, 430 27
1100 111
Peter Ftroup, 1944, 2110 On
Henry Christopher, 1846, , 1381 04
John Jones, 1517, • 2.20 /10
215 29
3 - 5 00
300 00
UM
g,l 4
4430 06
11 '54
151 00
150 00
EEO
37 93
80 00
DEC
John Muni,
Abraham Hessler
Renjamin
1010 69
m
West Brunswig. -
Abraham Albrmht,lBls, 345 35
Henry Fahl, 1817, 855 18
w5O
30,696 OR
Joel Younat, 1639, 1--. , 1178 S 7
Philip A. Cliieser. l ll3lB, %. 835 95
Henry Brent er,1847, )369 87
l z 4--- 3E84 39
• , Lower Malsantango.
Philip Osinan,lB39, 60 52
•
Peter Stutzman. 1516, 519 54
Peter lireieler, 11517, . 530 00
I - 1510 08
- :Se huylkill Haven. -
Roiland Mice, 1843, 147 01
Daniel LavenNerc. 1846, • 317 17
William Koch; 1847, 217 :8 .
.
------ 681 31
1,.. , 1 Pinegrore Borough.
George Ilvr, 1841, 143 90
George Heiobach„ 1845; , 116 44
Adam Apankuke, 1846, 225 73
Frederick G. Werntz, 1847, 233 96
02
I
EMI
EIS
Benjamin Zetmer, 1845,241 07
Samuel Zimmerini n,1846, 187 69
Benjamin Zimmerman, 1817-, 310 85
--- 776 50
$20,210 00
To the Honorable the Judges of the coon of Common
Plea* of the :Comity of Schuylkill.
The subscribers Auditors for the County of Schuylkill.
Respectfully do report that we have audited, settled. and
adjustiel the account of the Commissioners and Trriasurer.
of Schuylkill County, and submit the above statement as
the result of their CRltillillelol7lF from which it appears
that there is 'dile to the county of Schuylkill by Ilenry
Krebs Esq. Treasurer, The rum of,six thousand twohun
deed and sixty eight dollars and efgtiTy four cents (60261,
In witness whereof we, have hereunto set our hands
this eth day of January A. D. 1048 _
CHARLES lIENNETT,
J. W. ROSERERRY, Auditors.
DANIEL FRITZ.
irr
166 89
MD
Pottsville Steam Planing and
• , TURNING MANUFACTORY.
THE undersigned have made complete nnB perma
nent arrangements for the cannufactorion'of Floor
Boards, Window Sashet Sawed Laths, Bed Posts, Ta..
file, Crib, and Washstand Legs, Awning.and Hitching
Posts, Bannisters, Stump Feet, Rolling Pins. Potato
Smashers; Bench and Band Screws, Porch and Newet
Posts, 13c.1 Pinb, and a general variety of turning of all
kinds. They, will keep constantly on hand Yellow and
White Pine Floor Boards, finishing and Laths, and other
finished work worthy the attention of !Milian'. They
have circular sac's tor elittinit" ate to any dimeosion
required ('ti "Miildins or other 7.'d,pcses.
reti_s4s-0) 11. STRMICII &
uOO
2 87
110 w I do Wish I Could get
' MY SORE AND WEAK EYES CURED
IF that be your sincere desire, let me tell you that for
the enormous rum of 25 cents, you may have your
wish gratified; by calling MI either of the following gen
tlemen and purchasing a bottle of
DR. EVANS' TONIC EYE WATER:
0. RAN NAN, J. H. C. M ARTIN, Pottsville;
Shissler, Port Carbon : or J. R. Falls, Mlnersville.
There Is nothing afloat half equal to it to curs sore
eyes In man or beast.
Prepared by DrAlvans, No. 32, North Sixth street,
Philadelphia. tin29-5-3m
i Ne w Goods.
CHEAP" DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES.
THE subscriber having taken the stand formerly on
copied by Messrs. Epting, Myers, & Co., in Centre
street, opposite .1. G. Brown's Drug store, and has laid
in a hesh and splendid stock of DRY GOOD, stick oo
BLACK, BROWN, and OLIVE FRENCH CLOTHS, for
clinks and dress coats. Ile has also a good assortment
of Mous. de Laines, Castimeees. Callen, black Bomba
zine, Queen** Cloth, Muslin*, Under Shirts. Drawers,
Woolen Sear*, Woolen Stockings, Handkerchiefs,
Suspenders; ets., which will be' sold very low for cash.
Those In want agora! cheap goods will please give ht .
rDell47-30] J. Roll NS
MEI
The latest, Cheapest. and Best
of all Cotih .Medi,%.:scs taw in ass is
RITTER'S :COYMOUND RITFP OF TAR AND
WILD 0116 . 0. '•
(IF this Pict a single trial will tag;". 11 ! 6 ,n / Q 2ll
V_lskeptical. It contains no mineral or narrow: ngre
dlent,rapses no Inconvenience during Its id ministration
Is very palatable, will ha taken with avidity by even
the youngest children, and will afford latent relief In
Croup and WhOoping Cough If given according to the
directions when the paroxyam comes on. A few dolma
will allay the Irritation of the brogcbiat tubes. incident
to Cough and Rona Throat, and by removing the cows
will In a short lime, produce tbe effect desired a perma
nent cure. One haute, ap price of waist, is bat 2 cts,
will In nearly every Instance cure a cough however inve
testae, of bowessr longstanding.
or sale by storekeepers generally In bliand adjoin
ing Counties and wholesale by ibe proprietors.
Decji 47.50.41 m) L. & B. J. RITTER.
Wbofesata Druggists, fNt, North &Ist.,
9 99`
MINERS'
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY , BY BENJAMIN BANNAN, POTTSVILLE; SCHUYLKILL . _COUNTY, PA.
0 00
1549 50
177 42
61 91
E4~
53 'l3
375 57
MS 80
ENE!
11378 •
245 13
138 8J
303 53
537 46
QM
=EI
63110
CM
329 99
500 05
1030 04
614 4
ME
91 56
229 93
END
ME]
CIIB
839
775 72
1485 37
EilCl
Porter
84 96
51 05
138 34
VI 60
1945,
1646,
1647,
[EMI
EZE3
Branch.
bleat Penn
AND POTTSVILLE
I will teach you to pierce the bdwela of the Earth,.ind bring ant from the caverns of Mountains, Metals Mika will give strength to our band; and subject all Nature. to 0 -7 o; ale and pleasure.—Dr.
Terms of the Miners' Jeturttal.
SINGLE sEtISCRIPTIONS.
Two Dollars per annum, payable• semi-annually In
advance,to those who reside In the County--and a ann.
ally n advance to those who reside nut - of the County,
The publisher reserves to himself the right to ehaege
IS 50 per annum, when 'payment Is aslayed longer
[banana year,
TO CLUBS.
Three copies to one address, ! •5 00
Seven . - Do Do 10 00
Fifteen _Do
Five dollars to advance will pay, for three yes r'sautt
'scription to Journal.
_ RATES OF AOVERTISENG
One Square or itillnes, 3 times,
Every subsequent Insertion,
Four lines, 3tinie,,• •
Subsequent insertions, each,
One Square, 3 months,
Six months,
One Year,
Balinese Cards of Five Unit. per annum.
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OT
HONI A. STEWART,
, 1 Of Pennsylvania,
review of els- Free-Trads doctrines conturnid in Mr.
Walter's Annual Report on'arhe Finances. • Veneered
in the House of Reyresentatitu, January 11, MS. •
Mr. Stewart, in rising, said he wished to avail
himself of this first opportunity presented of le
viewing some of the leading topics of the late Re
port of the Secretary of the Treasuryin
vindied
tion of free trade and the tariff of 1846. He felt,
however, strongly tempted, before doing so, to say
a word or two in reply to seine _of the remarks
madethy the gentleman from Illinois. (Mr. Me-
Clernand.) That eloquent gentleman has just
pronounced a studied and high wrought eulogium
on the President. A eulogy, not upon one of the
departed, but upon the living, ruling, and patron
age-dispensing President of the dry. The gen
tleman calls Mr. Polk .!the Model President."-- , -
Washington, Jefferaon,'and Madison dwindled in
to utter ihsignifieance before the finished perfection
of James K. Polk ! And the gentleman tells
us, that it has been reserved for' this, nu; model
President, to build up and finish the great "Dens
erotic Colutnn," whicth was to stand as a bright
and enduring monument of his illustrious Admin
istration. Now, sir, what is this column, and of
what iv it composed I In the first place, we are
told that, to prepare • a foundation fur this new
column of the progressive democracy, our Presi
dent found it necessary to get rid of the rubbish,
by tearing down and removing the old Democratic
column, erected by thejoint labors of Washington,
Jefferson, Madison and Monroe. The elements
of which were, Protection, Faith and Justice;
toward al nations, and Peace and Ilaretionyisviih
ell T—adherence to the Constitution—economy in
the Public Expenditures. 7 above ell, opposition to
Standing Armies—to Ware—to National Debts—,
and to heavy and • oppressive*Taxation—cthese
'were the elements which cornpour4 the old-fash
ioned Democratic column, which 151 r. Polk end
hi: party have utterly demolished and ecattered to
the four wind's—peace and protection, rivers and
harbors, economy, constitution, and all. And in
its stead, they have erected this new and wonder
ful column of the progressive democracy, decked
oil' in real 'splendor, with a crown upon his head—
built with paper money, and baNed upon an empty
sub-treasury. The next element in this splendid
democratic structure, is military glory—war—war
made by the president himself, in violation of the
Constitution. by sending an army to Mexico, in:
stead of sending his message to Congress, the
war-making power, then in session.
Neat in order cornea o standing army; and over
shadowing navy ; then follows, of course, an en.
minima national debt, pension lists, and hr avy and
oppressive taxation—not levied on foreign good:,
but upon our own people, by 'direct taxation.—
And should the people complain, then; like his
illustrious friend Santa Anna,. with his standing
army done hundred thousand men, this "Model"
Plesident of ours can administer an anodide of
balls and bayonetsi . .to cure the discontents, and
teach the people suktission to their masters.
-Such is the-magnificent "Democratic column"
erected on the ruins of the Jeffersonian column of
-other and better days—a new column, all bright
and dazzliag with military glory, built of the bones
and cemented with the blood of thousands of the
best men of the Republic. . Sir, the gentleman
seems to be in 'emblems with his model master
and his gorgeous,colurrin; in celebrating its ca
sein, they seem to have quaffed their goblets of
glory to their bitter dregs. But in the very midst
of their revelry, sporting their pleasurethosta in
the oceans of blood and rivers of tears which war
and pestilence have made, and listening to the.de.
lightful Music made by the groans ofthe ;dging,
and the shrieks and cries of dispairing widows and
orphans, all at once the gentleman is4tartied by
a
the shadow of'quilitary chieftain" a panthorn
which rose suddenly. "to sear their eye halls," in
the midst of their joyous revelry ; and looking
across tolhis side of "the Howie, the gentleman
from Illinois exclaims, "don't gat behind that
'military chieftain.'" And why shall we not rally
under this noble old chief? Is it because he never
leads his followers but to victory 1 But if the
shadow of his nodding plume, and the distant
rumbling of the coining, storm, has so alarmed the
gentleman and his friends, how will they feel when
they behold "Old Rough" irs their midst—when
they hear the rattling of Capt. Bragg's grape and
cannister—when they hear the cracking of the
rifles, am: the roar of the big' guns! ' Sir, the
gentleman and his party, his "model President,"
and all, will fly, as did Etna:Mexicans at Buena
Vista. But the gentleman contends not only that
Mr. Polk is the "model President," but that he is
the reflex of the popular opinion of this nation !"
Polk the .'refiex" of public sentiment ! Sir, as
to that matter, let the gentleman but leek at this
side of the House, and then at that; at the last
session, there was a majority of abuut two to
one for the President; now we haves majority
sgaintt him. This was one "reflex:" hut there
was another at hand, the "reflex" of "Rough and
Ready," the blaze and brightness of which, would
utterly confound and consume his enemies. But
enough of this. I leave his "model President,"
his "Democratic column," and this "refl e x" t o th e
gentleman and his Elections.
will elm proceed to the task Wore me—the
eiarnination of Mr. Walker's late Report, which
has peen lauded to the skits as "the greatest pro?
suction of •the 060" , —tt Uneurnent which has-been
printed in German, and t know not how many
other languages, end by thousapds and tens of
thousands scattered broadcast over the land—a
work of great labor and ability, and admirably cal
'collated, if not intended, to mislead and deceive
the people in regard to the practical operations of
free trade and the tariff of 1846. And I will
here say, in my place, which I hold myself bound
to make good, that there never issued from an
official Source a document containing so many,
and such groin and palpable misstatements, as are
contained in this celebrated Report. Misstate"
meets...not of hundreds and thousands, but of.
millions and bun lreds of millions of dollars. I
Will show, by his own Reports. mistakes and er
rors, amounting to fifteen millions in regard to
the revenue in a single year—eighty millions in
len years—one hundred and seventy-six millions
in regard to another matter—and twenty others
of smaller or larger amount: I will give gentlemen
on the other aide, day and date, book and .page,
for what I say. I beg them to submit these state
ments to the Secretary, and with his aid and as
sistance, disprove them if they can. I ant not
surprised that the Secretary was worn down un
der the Herculean task. It is an easy matter to
make the truth appear to be true, but to make
appoar to be truth, was a task too heavy for
gie ackn ed ability of the Secretary, who,
we are told, uriN' the effort.
The Secretary, in his 1,:„^orl, has labored hard
and with greet ingenuity, to est.abloi% three
lions. First—that OW duties 'lima produce f in
increased amount of revenue. Second 7 .-that
seduction of atici have not Only increased irgpppts.
but also exports; and especially the pawl. of
bieadstuffs and provisions. Third.tbat low du
ties favor A mericanlabor—aricultuitil, mannfec
toting, and mechanical—and promdte elm opj9gel
SATURDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, 1848.
wealth and prosperity at large. Now, I assert
that precisely the reverse of these sevetal propo.
sitions is proved by the whole espifileceM of the
country, from its foundation to the present time,
and I will prove it by reports end documents furn
ished for the most part by Mr. Walker himself. •
THE EFFECT OF THE TARIFF OF 18115. AND OF
HIGH AND LOW DUTIES GENERALLY,' UPON
REVENUE.
The first position of the Report is, that tow
duties *twain increase revenue. and thab such has
been the effect of the tariff of 1846. The. tariff
of 1846 has reduced the rate of duties, on an av
erage, about one third—from 22 to 32 per cent.
Under the tariff of 1842, one hundred millions of
dutiable imports yielded about thirty two'millions
• of grass revenue, of course it will not require one
hundred and fifty millions. one-third more, under
the tariff of 1846, to yield -the same amount of .
revenela ; to get the same reventre.you must export ,
fifty / additional millions of dalliers, and destroy
fifty millions of present American supply, to make
aim for these additional fifty millions of foreign
• Dods—thus suppcitting ind enriching foreign
labor, instead of our own. •
The President and Secretary both repeat, that
the tariff of 1846 has not only greatly increased
the national prosperity, but . , that it, has actually
increased the revenue eight millions of dullan.
Now, so far from this b'eing true, it clearly appears
from the Secretary's own showing, that the reve
-1 nue would bare been $7,202,657 more, had the
tariff of 1842 continued in operation: So thank.
stead of gaining eight millions, we' have lost more
than seven millions of revenue iy the Un' of
1846—a blunder of more than fifteen mil:ions in
a singleyear •
Noisr, for the facts I refer gentlemen to the Best
pages of Mr. Walker's three last annual Reports
on the Finances; they will there see it stated that,
in the 6s tell year - 51345, the revenue from customs
was $27,529.112—that in 1846, that revenue was
s26.7l2,667—producing an even!, amount of
revenue under the tariff of 1849. o. $27,120,3,9,
Whereas, in 1847, under Mr. Walker's great rev
enue tariff of 1846, he himself states that the
revenue from customs is about $23,747,864
nearly three millions less thin in 1846, and nearly
four tandems lees than in 1845. Yet we are told
in the face of these 'official facts, that the tariff of
1846 has increased the revenue eight millions of
dollars. But tbie.is not all; by, referring to the
Secretary's late Report on Commerce and Naviga
tion. (not yet printed,) it will be seen that the
dutiable import! in 1847 were $111,365,404 more
than in 1845, under the the tariff of 1842; and
had it been Still in force, this excess,at 32 per
cent, (the average of the duties under the tariff of
1842,) would have yielded $3,416 429 of reve
nue, which, added to the excess - of revenue re
ceived in 1845 over 1847, $3,786,228, makes the
sum of 57,202,657 more revenue under the tariff
of 1842, had it remained in operation, than has
been received under the tariff of 1846.. Now
what has become of the Secretary's eight millions
of increased revenue 1 Instead of eight millions
plop, his tariff of '46 is seven millions minus.—
Or to prove it in auother and simpler form ; -Mr.
Walker says the average of duties under the
tariff of 1842 was 32 per cent.; and q,ndet.the act
of . 1846, th ey are 22 per cent .— consequently, the
revenue upon the sane imp ntts, moat be enothird
less. Su that instead of $23,747,864, the amount
received under the exiting lave,. we should have
received, under the tariff of 1842, one-third more,
viz: $31,663,812. Then are mathematical results,
derived from Mr. Walker'eown Reports, and there
is no escape tar him or his defenders. II call on
them to deny it, if they can. But besides all
this, Mr, Walker, in hie annual Report last win-
ter, page I, estimates the receipts from customs
for the tecal
' year 1847, at $27,835,731; he has
received, ho says, but $23545,863—f0ur mil
lions less than his estimates. Yet the President
'and Secretary both boast th .t the unitrof4B46 has
more than realized their exp. eta,blins. Now if
four millions lees tthin their retimato equals their
expectations, then they (oust have, fur the purpose
of &ception, deliberately made their cenmate
four millions more than they expected to receive.
Can the Secretary explain this I I hope he'll
try, but I predict he wi:l not. ,
But Mr.W Riker contends thatthe tariffuf 1846,
havmg greatly increased the exp et of domestic
preducte, has, as a matter of course. brought in a
corresponding increase of imports and revenue.—
CI 00
OS ( 1 0
500
8 00
3 00
ET:I
But has the tariff of 1846 increased the amount
of domestic exports I say it has not, and I will
prove it by Mr. Walker's own figurer. I will
show conclusively that the only increase of ex--
ports has been in breadstuffs and provisions, re-
Roiled to prevent, starvation, end would have been
taken to the same extent, and paid for in same
way, without regard to our tariff, or any thing of
the kind. Now take the export of domestic pro
ducts for trn years past, from 1835 to 1R45, and
deduct therefrom the amount of breadritutiii and
tpriavicone, arid it will be found that the annual
export of domestic produces. exclusive of Mead
s:MU and provisions, was $91,813,589 ; then take
the export of domestic products during the last
fimsl year, under the tariff of 1846, viz : $150,-
637,464. and deduct the breadstuff,' and provis
ions, $65,906,273, and it leaves of every thing else
hut >34,720,191—m0re than seven millions less of
domestic exports last year, exclusive of provisions
and breadstuffs, than the average - of the preesid
ing ten years; yet, in the face of these facts, Im
bibed by his official Report On Commerce and
Navigation, he gravely tells the American people
that free trade and the tariff . "( 1846; and not the
famine in Europe, has produced the great increase .
.cotexp.nta and import , . The Report not being
printed, I cannot refer to the pages from which 1
derive these facts, but they are accessible to gen
tlemen who wish to enquire.
Next as to the ramble operandi,. the legesde
main, the aleight.uf-hand, by . which falsehoods
are Made to appear true, the plan by which the
President and Secretary attempt to make it out
that they have received more revenue under thn
tariff. of 1846, than was received under that'of
1842. Haw is this done! It is done by cutting
up, the years; taking a few months of one year
end a few months of another—five months under
the tariff of 1842 and seven under the tariff of
1946. Now everybody knows that the tariff of
1846. was passed in July. mud did not go into op
eration till December; 'during this wield i er four
or five months imports paying duties were almost
entirely arrested. The fact being that the duties
would' in a few months be greatly reduced, a very
large amouut of goods which would have come,
.in and paid duty according to the then existing
tariff of 1842, were withheld till the duties came
down. ' They were piled up in warehouses or kept
in bond till the tariff of 1846 and low deities took
effect; besides, Foods which had paid heavy duties.'
were re-exported, aul the duties withdrawn from
the Treasury, to be returned ,when the duties came
down—thus a pipe of brandy, for instance, which
under the tariff of 1842 had paid one 'dollar per
gallon duty. the owner, by re-exporting it with a
drawback of-the duly, d re-importing it tame.
diately after the tariff of took effect, reducing
' the duty nearly one-ha vietald clear forty
cents a gallon ; thus robbi g the tariff of 1842,
and giving its revenue trite tariff of 1846. Due.
ing this period of five months, of course little
revenue, in comparison, was coming in, though
the country was still nominally under the tariff of
1842. Now these are the months which this
very candid Secretary takes for his estimate of the
produce of the tariff of 1842. As soon as the
reduced tariff of. 1846, went into operstion,4ll
these goods, which bad been held back waiting for
the reduced duties, were at once poured in. *Win
pours revenue by millions. The goods and duties
withdrawn from the tariff of 1842 now return
under the tariff of 1846; and these are the months
which this truth-seeking Secretary takes, as show•
ing the comparative product of this model tariff,
contrasted with fire months of the tariff of 1842,
giving a little over seven millions for five months;
when, for two years before, the revenue had ex,
needed an average of twenty-seven millions!—
And this is put forth as a fair comparison. This
is no deceptigp. Oh, no; this is fair. This is the
way to bring Truth to the people! He might as
welt compare.the strength of a giant and that.of a
child, but putt ng down what the giant could lift
when on tr,sick bed and in his last holm, pnd
what the child could lift in the vigor of health and
under a sodden and violent excitement. Would
;is be a very_ satisfactory way. of proving that the
child We: strong" th en the
pins= would o: just as fair
giant 1 Yet the.com
•The next thing the terdned•Secretary attempts
to prove is, that under low duties more revenue is
alwar o b tained
tai than antler high duties. • Te
show this, he selects ten years income under high
tariffs, and ten years under a low one. He selects
t e n years, from 1832 to lBt4, ander the canape,.
roisc bill, for his low tariff, and ten years, under
the high tariff of 1824 and 1828, with two years
under the tariff of 1842, as the high tarlf period.
Now, I assert that in those very years, his own
figures prowl' that we got eighty4wo millions-more
under the high tariff than we did under the low.
For the proof. I refer gintlemen and the Secretary
to his own. official - Report on the Finances in
1845, page 956. Here you have his own report.
Take it down, gentlemen ; I desire you to make
a minute of what I state, for what I say I can
prow. II hope the ex-chancellor of the exchequer
(Mr. litcliey) will pay special attenuon to their
statementa.l I say, on Mr. Walker's own 'show
ing, ihat under the ten years of low tariff the re
ceipts were $214,885,858, and that under the high
tariff year. the receipts were $297,842,215.
The differmiee in f.vor of the high tariff la $82,-
950.356-88,294 635 per year ; and yet the Sec
retary and the President say that all experience
proves that low tariffs give the in let revenue !
Whether much gross miwtatements proceed from
ignoranue or design he would not say. but it was
one or the other. I refer (said Mr. S.) to date,
book arid page. , Let them look at it. I went
Mr. Welker himself to look at it. I suppose when
he senile* his Report, with all theie confident
stater:mill!, supported by figure.. too, be thought .
*would answer its purpose. He 'owes it to his
'character for truth and candor to come; 'out and
admit or deny this statement, or authorize some
friend tp do it for him on this floor. Will it be
done! We will see. Here are the fables taken
- carefully from Mr. Walker's report:
Baratta for ten years, tin- Revenue for ten year., un
der lloiv tariff. front 1832 'der tbe high tariffs 0f1824,
to 1912. ' 1828. and 1842.
1833 ! 8124,177,578 1E23 877,633,871
'lB3B 19,960,705 1826 . 26,083.861
1833 .. 35, 8 9 0 . 728 1827 6 27.948,956
1836 30,818,327 1878 29,951,231
1837 18,134,131 1829 ',„f 27,688,701
1038 19,702,825 1830 . 2,9,389,311.5
1839. '25,534,533 1831 . 38,596,118
1810 . 15,104,790 1832 . 29,311,173
1941 r 19,919,402 1811 1 29.936,357
PHI 16,622,746 11315 ' 30,952,416
Difference in favor of high tariff in 10 yrs. 082,030.338
Loss of revenue in ten years under the low ta
riff $8,295,635, per annum!
111 e. COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF 111C11 AND
LOW TARIFFS ON EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
—BALANCE OF TRADE, &e.
The Secretary here affirms that the balance of
trade is always in our favor under a IoW tariff;
chat our exports exceed our imports, end that the
exports of breadetuffs and provisions are especially
increased. Now (say that, deducting the imports
during
the. ten yeani of high tariffs, selected by the
Secretary for comparison. tram the imports during
the ten years of low tariff+, and it will appear that
the balance against the country,under the low ta
riff Ms 2 . 401.976,076—equal to $40,197,706a •
year; an deducting during each period the goods
merpwted, the balance against the country would
be increased to the,sum of $423,455,724. , And
bow bad it been paid! By two hundred millions
of State bonds sent to Europe to pay•for goods„ a
Mercantile debt of nearly an equal amount, re.
salting it the end of the low duty period, in 1840,
'4l, end '42.in repudiation and bankruptcy, State,
national,.and individual, throughout toe land.—
Yet we are told by the President and Secretary
that low tduties proem prosperity, national and
individual. and especially the prosperity of the far
'merit and laborers-01%e " toiling millions," "the
voters"—those who control the policy and .meae.
urea olUovernment. Yes,.sir, these are the very
man they would thus deceive and ruin. Here are
the tables of exports and imports taken from Mr.
Walker's annual Report on the einances, dated 3d
December. 1815. page 956:
Imports in ten years underjmports In ten years under
I..‘v tariff or compromise. the Ugh IN riffs; of 1821,
I 182 6 . and 1812..
1833 A 103.118.311 1625 1 096,3401175
1831 126,521,332 1026 91,974.477
1075 119,895.742 '1627. - 70.401,060
1536' 169,1150.035 '1629 85,500,821
1837 140.060.217 1820 74.402,527
1859 - :13,717,401 'lB3O 70.676,920
/ 10391 162,02,132 1831 103,191,121
1640 197.11.1 519 1832 . 101,029,266
1811 127,016.177 1811 108.435,035
1912 100,162,097 1045 117,2.4,561
Yet we are told that low tariffs always favor
the country and promote the national prosperity.
But this is not all. Take the exports from the
imikos during thsse ten years of low duties,*and
it will be fotitol that the debt against the people
of the United States in favor of foreigners; is
$176 166,242. What a corn of national property
is beie exhibited ! But Mr. S. said there: was
another very important fact that he wished here to
'bring to the attention of the Hollis anal the coun
try—it was this: That, during eight years of the
highest tad& of 1824 and 1828, one hundred
and three millions of surplus revenue was applied
to the payment of the public debt, end that during
a corresponding period of eight years of low duties
under the compromise bill, after wasting! forty
millions of surplus revenue, debt of about forty
millions was contracted; showing a failure of rev.
me to meet expenditures, under the low.duties,
of about eighty millions in eight years; andit fur
ther sppearr,that after the tariff was mused in'lB42,
there was paid io the foot years of its exi s tence,
neatly' forty millions •of public debt; and now,
since the repeal of the 'tariff of 1842, and the res
toration 0'1o:a duties, the revenue has again run
down, and the national debt is againruonitig • up
at the rate of forty or fifty, millions a year. t.. Here
are facts that speak volumes as to the effects of
high and low tariffs on the revenue and national
prosperity. Whet a commentary is this on - Polk
and Vlr sikers theory of low duties producing high
,revenue, and high tariff. producing low revenue!
Such is the @eidetice in favor of Mr. Walker's
position, that low tariffs always turn the balance
of trade in our favor.. Such ere the happy effects
of his policy of free trade.' Low tariffs always has
been,: end always will be the ruin of the country.
Let iny man look at the scenes of general distress
whic&Slways have followed thisinsane policy;
the ruin of flourishing establishments, the multi.
plication of bankruptcies, the advertisements of
sheriff's sales, the destruction of credit and confi
dence, the prostration oeenterprise,lhe stagnation
of trade, the general condition of discontout ana l
Misery which have invariably succeeded the ad,
option of these false and virionary theories; and he
will find one of the boat criterions to judge of their
political soundness. And such, I, say, will alwaya
be the consequence of a repetition of thek.xperi-
meat, Mr. Walker says they never have. follow
ed. I say they always have. Their whole the.
ory is i mistake, and practice will ever prove it to
be ; and when it is put forth in the very face of
facts which every intelligent man knows, it is
difficult to resist the conclusion that it is done to
deceive; that there is an object to be attained by
misleading the public mind.
- Again: The Secretary useds that low duties
have always been accompanied bj a greatly , in
creased
export of breadstuffs. And he attributes
the sudden augmentation in those exporui during 1
the last season, not to the famine in Ireland, and
Over the Smith of Europe—not it all ; tint solely
to his model tariff of 1846 ! 'That is What has
done it all. Low duties, not starvation, have in
dared,
the people of the old World suddenly •to
eat Indian meal, and call out for American' flour
and American beef. But I wish to ask him—and
I put the same question to Southern gentlemen
in this . House—it this redaction of duties is the '
thing which has produced so large an export of
breadstlffs, pray why bad it not, in the sine de
gree inmeued the exports of cotton and tobacco,.
The export of cotton under this model tearer our
moder President, has been less by four millions of
dollars than the average exports of ten years put,
(from 1835 to 1845,) leis of tobacco bye million
and a half--less of manufactures by nevi) , two
of the predations of thelorest
lasi of almost every thing but breadatuf6s.aud pro
visions. How hi this . to be accounted for 1 Dr.
Wniker'S specific of '46 has a double operation—
purgative as to breadstuff. and Ptoiblionst, but as•
tringent as to every thing else. Who on doubt
that famine; and nothing but famine,has produced
this greatly Increased exportation of breadstuff.?
But what produced this felling off under this
beautiful free trade policy 1 Was' this too, the
fruit of the tariff of 1846 1 , Why has there been
no !Pursued exports of 'Cotton tikitheil ge n.
\- ,
GENERAL ADVERTISII,,
#214,6&5,853
.297,642 211
214,853,853
. *011,5870;SO
Earn's. Imports in ten
Yt•ara of low tariff *lOl.
000;100—equal to forty mil
-1 horns' a year against the
country.
X 1,226,563.956
621,581,680
$.131,976,076
Omen, cotton growers, how is this 1 And you, 1 - will not as much for our cotton!" 'What a
ye tobacce"growers; how comes ifthat, under Mr. financier—what a statesman is this, whose Ile.
Walker's patent! machine to increase exports, the port is proclaimed by his friends to. he "the
l a greatest production of the' age." He reduce s export of tobacco has fallen eta and
, duties orui-half to increase this' reveutte. And half! What say vim to that Was this the
how!? By doubling our imports of Britisffgoods,
happy effect of the tariff of 18461 The Becre-.
het had mailo b tip of British agricultural produce and Brit
little or nothing to do with the consumption there an laworrono,fancoonr the
of oar breadstuff's ; nothing whatever . Well, the f wond rrd
er his report was printita by order" the
er of the
starvation 'has ceased, liresdstuffi are down, nail British House of lords. of which Mr. Walker
the redoubtable Mr. secretary Walker is like to speaks with so much pride end exultation. AIM
be caught in his own trap! I tell you that in ir the gentleman from Illinois, (Mr. Itlcelernand,)
few weeks more the cornlaws in England, sliding is in eestacies with the Report; and he too tells
scale and all, will ba" in: full operation. They us of the wondere-the tarilf of 1346 his done for
ware merely suspended, not repealed, during the his constituents, and for the farmers and grain
famine; and now, when the famine is over, and growers of the West; free trado,loW duties and
'Mr. Walker is caught in Sir Robert Peers trap, British goods, is the very thing for them. Now,
the corn laws go-into full effect on the first day of he wished to tell thegentlermui one thing, and
March neat, and then exports aerie. the revenue he hoped ho would take it down and examine it
fills off. and Mr. Walker will hive to appeal to us —it was this: that under the low tariff in 11336,
to restore the triad 1842. to replenish his empty his constituents (assuming that they consume
sub-treasury, end feed his ing arm i es , mid of. .goods and export breadstuffs in proportion to
the rest of the people of the Vuited Steles) rtr
ficers, civil and military. at home and abroad
chased and consumed *373,000 Word' of British
Referring again to the low tariff period. from fzd r s . , o e n o e i .e iti i .t . i , tig a t ti 46 jr o(l % fl aii % i v e o t rtl o i 'of breads:2l, -
1833 to 1842, under the compromise bill, and the
high tarif f period , from 1817 to 1832, the Secre.. lays worth o? breadstufli . Grea ' t B e ri ve a s t e eo ve k fmm
Lary says: "The average exports of breadstuff+ them; this result wasp
reduced by dividing the
bud provisions were much larger in the years of whole amount of imports of goods and exports
low, compared with high duties." Indeed he re- of breadstuffs by 230, the number of ReP resell:
pests this over atl over again, that the "export of latives on this floor. To show that those
bread:tuffs and provisions was much greater on. littioneWerti correct he would furnish the fol
der low than high duties," - which be says "the lowing table, which he commended to the car-e
-ta/des of the Treasury clearly prove." Nom, I ful examination and consideration of the farmers
propose to examine some of these tables, and will end grain-grower of the United Steles.
"elily prove by them" just the reverse of the -
, Seuettry's position, to en extent that will, astonish
the Secretary himself, if he can be astonished at
any thing. I will show that, during four years of
the period referred to, unt:er;the tariff of 1828. the
highest tariff we-ever had, we actually exported to
Great Britain more than. one hundred' limes is
much bread,tuffs and provisions as we did doting
four years ti..der the lose duties of the compromise
bill.
, Mr. Holmes said, you mean, I presume, one
hundred per rent. not one hundred dimes more.
I mean, (said Mr. S.) what I say, re hundred
fimcadnore:
Mr. Holmes.—Please give me the facts.
Mr. S,—l will,.and I want you;to take thorn
down—examine them at your' leisure, and disprove
them if you can ; here are the facts taken from
the annual Treasury Reports on "Commerce and
Navigation," carefully revised by an offiCeeof this
House: , I refer to Great, Britain, not only be
cause she is our principal customer, • but because
Mr. Walker has referred particularly to our ex•
ports of breadstuff' to England and says, we must
take more of her goods, or she will have to pay
spicie for our breadstuff*, and not having it to
spare, she will reduce the price on cotton." But
here is the table which he would give to the geri.
Semen from South Carolina, (Mr. Holmes,) for
hie special attention.
Import. from tExporta or bread
Great Britain. ',to& to Great Bri
lain.•
40.10,00 ' .1,777.12 t
26,000,000 1,000:38.
7, LUDO
• 1 12 3,000 5.5703,5n2
511,787
Four ye2rS . UTIlitT
high taritrof
*ll2, 000,000
*15,5(0,000
LJhLlf
Imports from lExport of bread:
Great Britain .tutro to Great
Britain.
Four years under
tow larlifF. Com
promise bill.
416,000 000
1:0000.010
52000 000
99,000 000
$453.000.000
803,940,000
Average per year
Thus it appears, from official documents, that per cent, down to 20 and 30. On bar iron the
duririg four years of our highest tariff—the tariff duty. had been brought down from 75 to 30 per
of 1828—we took abottt halt' as many vole from cent. —from $25 to 10 dollars per ton ; ouvhe poor
Great Britain, and aluOrook one hundred times as man's coal the duty had been reduced from 67
much of our breadseiffe a' she took during four down to 30 per cent.—more than hatf the tax had
years of our harvest , Yet, Mr. Walker re- been taken off foreign coal; now this all looks
peace. over and over ag in, that our export of very well for the consumers of iron and coal - . but
-breadstuffi has always been greater under low after a while ho cornea to speak of another class of
tariffs than under limb tariff.; and refers to Tree. the r. toiling millions ;" the voter's of Penner/lye
sury, tables-no prove it! . Has Mr. Walker looked nia, who make iroh and dig coal; and now hear
at these reports! Does he know what they con-, what this consistent Secretary tells them. He
fain? He surely, does not, or ho never would tells them that the tariff of 1846 is the very thing
have ventured upon such statements as these for them; he cOngratulaies them on the fact that
Hera it is seen that, in 1836, we took 86,000,000 e coal and iron pie in greater demerit!, are bring
dollars worth of goods from Great Britain, and inrr . better prices than befete the repeal of the
she took 1.684 doll as word' of breadetuffs Item tariff of 194 1;" these were his very words. Now
us in payment. Yet Mr. Walker says in his how the tariff of 1846Cansethe aims lime reduce
Re; ort of 1815, page 13, that we muittake more the prices of iron and coal to favor =striders
English goods, otherwise 'r the increased sum and raise into favor producers, is a theory I cannot
England will have to pay for our trcadatuffs we understand:---it is an up and down, yes and no
will-not take in maeufacturee. but only in specie, operation; which it , will puzzle the ingenuity of
and not having it to spare, she brings dower, even the Secretory himself to - explain.. But, then he
to a greater extent, our 'cotton." Either sixty hal another; and a worse ditliJulty to eiplSin.
millions of Brdiah goods Will not pay for 1,684 Tee. oljoctof the tariff of 1816 was to increase
dollars worth of A m erican breadstuff'; end the the revenue. Now, what his'been its eirectl It
balance England will have to pay "in epeCie.and has destroyed mare than half the revenue arising
not having it to spare," will tieing-Ape/iv the price from these very articles,' without benefit to any
of our cotton! Is not Lis cool—is it nut mosi body but the foreign importer who sells us his
wonderful! iron. according to Mr. 'Walker, for -a '" better
But Mr. Walker sass the f;rmers are particu. price." pays ten dollars instead of teenty-five into
larly benepied by free trade and low duties;. the Mr. Walker's empty sub:treasury, puts the fifteen
dear farmers the toiling millions"; the "Voters" dollars as additional profits into his pocket, which.
—who control the affairs of Government; these, under the tariff of 1842 he would:hive paid into
he says, are the men most henefitted.• Benefitted the Treasury. Now the same thing may be said
by what! By importing; °s in 1836, eighty-six of coal—instead of six cents a bushel, the foreign
millions of Otters worth of British breadstuff's, impOrter now pays less then three, sells his coal at
raw materials and labor combined in the form of a "Setter price" and fobs the difference. Who
British goods, in exchange for one thousand six thetVdoes Mr. Walker's tariff henefiil The for.
hundred and eighty-four dollars sioith of bread- eigner, and tit. foreigner °Mr, at:the expense of
stuffs .takenr from us! What makes foreign -the American Treasury and the American people..
goods! Agricultural produce and lablir-=Otti- Salt was another article illustrating the folly of
ing else. The, raw material and provisions con.' low duties, the effect of . which wattle destroy
stitute more than half of the value of all foreign' revenue end increase prices; the prices are in
goods, nod the balance of the price is made up of creased by diminishing home supply, and giving
the wages'of labor and profits of capital; these the foreigner the control of the market, and the
are the elements, and the whole of the elements revenue •is reduced by the operation. Nearly
of price; and this is, in Pict, what the American three-fourths of the duty was taken off salt to favor
farmer pays his money Air when he:buys fcireign the poor—the earrialt is, that foreigu - salt has raised
goods—foraigni agricultural produce, and foreign 25 per cent. and the Treasury : has lost three
labor—while American farmers are left without a fourths of the revenue., And yet Mr. Walker
marker for' their Wre - etl and, provisions, and their insists that his Ora feiors the poor and increases
money sent to import it in the form of cloth and :he revenue! This same 'thing is true in an
other articles, from abroad. Is this not true to infinite variety of similar cases, which he had not
the litter 1 Yet this, we are told, is the 'policy to time now to particularize ;he would however,
favor American farmers! Our learned Secretary refer to o ne or two for the benefit of the South—
knows very little of the character of American -the cotton-growers, the great admirers of the tariff
farmers and mechanics, he thinks he can gull of 1816—now how has it affected these gentle.
them with such stuff es this. -' menl Tlio duty had been greatly reduced on
Mr. Walker talks much of breadstuff's: His cotton bagging; ,hilthecked the domestic supply.
Report is stuffed 'with breadstuffs, ad nausedin, and the price, I acif, credibly informed, hasincreased
He is endeavoring to mislead and deceive the pee- from 12 cents per yard, under the tariff of 1842.
pie on the
. subject ; but he oan't do it. it was a to 20 cents under the glorious free trade tariff of
fact susceptible of the clearest proof, 'that from- 1846. The Treasury getting less, end the coo
the day of our independence to the present hour, gamer paying more ; the price of the cotton itself
we have imported twenty dollars worth of bread. has been reduced nearly one-third, amounting to a
stuffs in the form of goods from Great Britain, to lose on the cotton crop of twenty millions of del
one dollars worth she has taken - from us halts raw lers.%. Cotton, under the tariff of 1842, brought
form. What proportion of the price .of goods ten cents per pourid, it - is now down to seven, and
was made up of the breadstuffe consumed by, the still declining. • The. sugar business, I am told,
labor employed in producing the raw materials, has fared even worse than the co ton. Mr.
and afterwards in converting them into,goodsl-7.' Walker is himself obliged to admit that the cotton
Take a ton of iron or a yard of silk, it was ail interest has suffered ; and
universeS- what Southern
the interest
labor—labor from the ore to the anchor, and from has not! The injury is Land suffer
the worm and leaf to the finished ribbon—all ing muet soon become so, The famine and the
labor. And what did this labor get 1 It got what potato rot had saved for the moment the North'
it eat—brelulstuffs--bread, and-hardly enough of and West; but that over and the floods of foreign
that; and this is what we payour.money fur when goods will soon sweep away their last dollar.
we boy foreign goods. Taking this view of the Such always has been and always will be the
subject, Mr. Brown, a distinguished British Mi. effect of low duties. Nothing but mae and fum.
ter, has lately said, that "Great Britain exports Inc has' saved this Administration ;it is now the
more agricultural produce than any - other nation daily bread it feeds upon; destroy the war a: home'
in the .world'—exported in the-form -of goods, and the famine abroad, and it cannot *survive an
Now, he wished to inquire What part of the value hour. u • .
of foreign goods consisted of breadstuff.; he be, Before leaving this topic, be wished to make
tiered one-half would be a fair calculation, but to one other remark. it was this: that it appeared
prevent cavil, ray oneeighth. And what follows! from' the Treasury Reports 'that the imports of
It follows mathematically, that in 1836, under Mr. iron, eclat, salt, &c. had het' l / 4 1„but very little in.
Walker's low tariff, we imported from,Great Bd. creased, so that the Treasury had actually lust
tam, in the form of goods, sixty.three dollar* and 7more than half the -revenue on these articles,
eighly4 h ra , anti worth o f B r i t i s h b rea d stu ff*, t o amounting to several- millions Of dollars, which
every cents worth she took from us in its raw Was so mach clear gain to the foreign importer.
state. Here are the facts;
,and Mr. Walker, who while Mr. Walker's " poor people" had been obli
is great at figures, eau make the calculation_for Bed to pay more for these necessaries of life,
himself. In 1836, we imported eighty-six 'millions imported from abroad, than they had to pay under
of d o ll ars wort h o f B r i t i s h goods ,
an d s h e t oo k the oppressive and much abused tariff of 1842.
1,684 dollars worth of our breadstuff.—that is five But there is another position taken by Mr.
hawked end ten dollars and sixty-eight cents,worth Walker in favor of the free trade theory, which I
of 'British 'goods to one cents-worth of our bread. cannot let pass unnoticed. Mr. Walker distinctly
stuffs. Now, assuming that one-eight Out ofihe' avows it to be his purpose and his policy to pre,
price of goods is made up of the breadstuta con. vent "the substitution of rival domestic prod Oms",
slimed by the labor employed in their manufac- for similar foreign goods. This purpose was 1110f0 I
tine, and it will amount, as stated, to s iats.thiee 'than - Mt:ice avowed by Mr; Walker in hiscelebrated
dollars and eighty-the ee,cents . worth of bread; report of 1843. It is his declared policy to put
Stuffs imported from Greatßritain in 1836; loons down the productions of American.. industry',
cent's worth that oho took from an; and yet Mr. AmeriNan "rival products," and give the Nailed-
Walker says, we must bike more British goods; cur market to our foreign. rivals. And the are
otherwise she "will Lave. to pay us specie for the principles and policy openly* avowed by an
our breadattiffs, anti not having It to spare, S4 B ' I Atherican Secretary and sanctioned by an Amer.
tti .1
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F 4
THE EFFECT OF I.OW DIITIEs AND FILER
TRADE ON LABOR AND PRICES.
• Thus it appears that the- learned Secretary's
facts and his theories are always at war. • His
utopian schemes look exceeding well till his farts
ate brought to bear upon th.rn, then they vanish
into thin air. lit.fortunatelY for Mr. Walker,
ingenuity cannot overcome truth, for truth is
mighty and will prevail." To show the contra
dictory character of Mr. Walker's Reports, le
would here cite a few, out of a great many in
stances.
49,504.211
*1,376,050
.2.9,017
1,661
1,412
62,11211
In one part of his Report, the Secretary boasts
of the heppy eff,cts of the larder 1846 is reduc
ing taxes, lightening the Burdens of the poor, of
the• Millions." In come in Lances. he
Rave, they have been nducial from 100 and 200
$91.629
4413,65-
NO: 9
grliFl:2
i rh
4C. 16.
.98N
n-^..; :To./
4 •:b.
ican President—to pMfer the produesionsof foreign
to those of American induetry: to send ourlttioney. -
fifty millions of dop e rs more than was required
under the tariff of 1842, to get the samia'Surimmt •
of revenue. Ana why send this fifty additional -
millions to support and enrich foreigrl labor. '
instead of our own?; Why destroy the Markets
tot fifty millions cif the Productions of AdFarican
,agriculture and A 9icrican labor combined, and
supply its place with the productions of forcign
agriculture andforetgrelabor .1 I demand airman ,
for preferring foreign to American produmione." I
ask our President,and Secretary why they prefer
foreign hats, shoes,iboots, coats—everything they ! :
eat, drink and wear;—to those of Amencacilmenu.
facture? Why, they prefer foreign anger, salt,'
iron, and coal, when our resources are abundant 'l.
and inexhaustible, and our labor ready and will.
ing, with proper protection and encouragements
to bring them forth! . But no! This must not
be permitted. " Domestic rival producter most
not, says Mr..Walicer, be eub.tituted for three of
foreign countries, and °specie ly for those of Eng. . .:
land ; for, says Mr', Walker, if teedon't take more',
LBritish goods, "England will have to pay specie
for ourbreadatuffe' and not having it to spore, ehe• •
will bring down the price of our cotton,' Nu '
wonder this Report was printed in the House of '
Lords; and its author would appear mach better
advocating such doctrines birdie the House of
Lords, then bcforei'the American Congress They
were . British ductrm &—not American ; and they .
must bo so pronounced by every, true American
heart. Yet we ate 'told that Mr. Polk Es "the
mod.; President; "Band Mr. Walker the "model"
Secretary ; and al pretty parr of " modelle" they . '
are. (A laugh.) I 9,ueen Vtc would surely giant
a patent for such)" model" American statesmen
as these. But let them look out. Old ROugh Is • .
coming, whh, his Cheek shirt'and home made mete
to pitch all these! miserable models
.and 'plash
doctrines oserboaid, to go where they belonge.to ,
Her Majesty, or their friend Don Antonia Lope;
de Santa Anne. ‘.
But sir, Mr.elker's ostensible objec is rev.
i
enue. He redo a duties to increase revenue,
and this can ontsbe.done by increasinglimPoes I
in a greater ratio than the reduction of duties--
for instance: he hits reduced the duty on hats from
fifty to thirty pee,' tent; on shoes from forty.five .
to thirty per cent:; on ready-made clothing he has
„I , dared the dues intim fifty to thirty per cent.;
on smith werk Boots silty-ore to thirty,l making
an average 'reduction! of mote than twenty per
C•nt, on these siticles. This will, of course,dim
inish the revenen twenty per cent. uple ss the
imports ore incrleasral in the same preportion.
NOw, why import Itwo fifths more shoes, iclotning,
hats, and blacksmith work from abroad, andihrow .
our own roechani4s out of employment, to fieg.or .
starve, and give Our money to fortignere by- mll- '.
bone, without adding a cent to the revenue—
robbing American industry of its just ieWards,
and giving it toloreignersand thicis the way
Mr. 11'alker favo s and supports American labor,
the ~ toiling Millions!" • ' _. 1 .
I ,
IA DIALOGUE. -. 1
.
Suppose Mr. Walker calls to settle with his
hatter on the Avenue,' hit. 'Pod, saying,? ...Sir. I - .
sot sorry to leav you , but 1 must get !my bats 3
from England he .
miller, to enable her to Pay me a
high price for cuton ; hut remember, sir, I am a
great fiend to th e .. mechanics and workingmen,"
1
and particularly I the " voters ;" would! not Mr.
Toil be very apt to tell him that he would vote
for those who supported American industr y land ,
American mechanics, instead of foreignerie, and he
would be very likely to receive the same kind of -.
comfort from hisl;tallor, shoenaakit,' .bleeksmith s
and all.' . .1
Suppose Mr. Walker next ail tresses the iron,
the woo'en, the'eetton, the paper, the glass, and i..
other manufacturers of :the United States, saying.• . :
s gentlemen, you must cease to substitute - your ,
, domestic product ' for foreign goods ; and to corn. ' ,
pel you to do so, I have taken off more than half
the duty levied bylthe tariff of 1842 on the foreign :
• rival products.'"; But why,. they maylsay, Mr,'
Walker, thus destroy American capital and Ames..
iron labor, giving lour money and our Market:to •
foreigners 1 Why send millions of money abided
to purchase foreign wool, and other Agricnltgral
produce—bread.tuffs and raw monists in dia. ,
guisefashionrd into goods, which we an better
supply at home, made of American agricultural
produce, and saving millions and huhdreds of ,
millions of dollars:to fill up the channel - « of circu
lation of home, making our own, instead of foreign • ,
countries prosperoUs! , " Well, there is some force
in this. ;But gentlemen," says Mr. Walker, " I
reduce the duties 10 increase the revenee. How
wilt you answer ttiia, gentlemen!" The answer, -
sir, is plain ; thesallow duties never did end naves
will increase - revenue. The revenue has always
went up and down with the duties, they being the
source of revenue. In,:this country,. where the '
revenue is a volistataiy, and not arcuippulaory
contribution, by the people to the Got/eminent,
the way to make a nich Treasury is to mike a rich
and prospeious peo?'e. ~Bend your money abroad, ,
break down and impoverish your own citizens.,
and you of course impoverish your Treasury.,
When do people i' purehase and consume ' rich, .
goods, paying higfilduties ? `When they have the.
ability, when. they are prosperous. IVhen du
they abstain 1 When they are pent:, and without -
money. if You wish, sir, to enrich Tint exch.. . •
quer, give protection and prosperity tuiyour own, .
people, and the one is al.ways the, consequence et
the other. " But, gentlemen," says Me; Walker.
" I have another reason 'for reducing deities; It is
fa favor the po'o'r—the toiling•millions--4by reduc
ing the price of their goods." ' Well, sir, bow. ill
this? Have you ffone it 1 You tell ue that yon
have, by the tariff df 1816, reduced the i duties ork
iron, coal, salt, and many other leading articles,.
more-than one-half, and yet you yourself tell us .
in your late, olificiali report that the prices of these •
articles are now higher, under the tariff of 184%.
than they were before the repeal of the tariff of. .
1842! Can you explain this' ". Weill, gentle.
men, not exactly—not at this moment." Welk : ,
sir, will you allow us to'do itl "Certiiinly, gen,
tlemen, certainly; if you please." Well, sir, by
destroying pFoteution, and opening our ports to
foreignere, you alarm capital—you check invest- •
ments—you break down competition, and yuq of
course diminish supply and increase price. " De
mand and supply regulate price." Give protec
tion, increase your
. machinery, start new factories,
stimulate competi tion, Increase supplY, load yog i
reduce price. 'Phis; sit, is a law of trade as centers .
in its operitionsas the ebbing and flowing of the
tides. t , Well, gentlemen, lam not practically
acquainted with these matters. I am a cotton
grower; I wish to make money plenty; and prices
high abroad where I sell, and maks' it'scarce and --,
prices low at borne whereh I buy ; I *set to-sell in ,
•
s high, and buy in a llow market. • I"liatre not now
time to discuss this imeotion further. I am very ,
busy, I Must sotto the Treasury, but I ibeg you to
believe that I 003 the special friend of the Arend-
can mechanics, 'Workingmen, and particularly the 7 :-
voters.. Good bye,; must be oil." I
But Mr. Walker has,not only Wooed the duties
on the produetiorie of American mechanics, but
he has reduced still inert the duties oe the !urn.
jag of the rich.: Among the rest, he has - reduced
' .he duty on foreign I brandY and spirits distilled
from grain nearly one half; and this, too, is done
to increase the revenue. We must therefore im- •
port ace drink doable as much brandy, aid spirits
as we 'did under thy tariff of 1842, otherwise Mr.!
Walker will lose revenue'. Yes; sir, import and a r„
consume double as Much brandy to gerthe same
amounteifrevenue. Instead ofreducing, he shookl
base doubled those dirties and if he and his friends
will drink foreign liquors; let them pay for it.-.,
But Mr. Walker's revenue has gone down, and ha.
now calls on Congress to, make up Pori the loss of '
revenue on brandy. hoe cloths. and other luxuries.
by taxing the pod, 1131/3111 tea and coffee. lot
him restore the dudes on dm rich man's brandy.
and other luxuries, ed then talk of taxing tea an 4
coffee, and not bef oretland till he does this, he
will never succeed in perpetrating this outrage act
the American people, . I •
' Kr.oering that lOW-duties always invite fleets
sive imports, resulting in a large balance of truths
against the couutry; ending in.bankruptcy 'orgy
ruin, Mr. Walker undertakes ,Olsow that an.
unfavorable balance ef I trade Isof mo icaportritice ;
that the balances j against us base been frequent
and hiaiy. Yet; lie says, our country has mu•
rived and prospered - t - - •
Bat does Mr. Waker know that excessive MI ,
ports, end an unfafoiable balance of trade, are .
always followed by the'exportation of specie, with
all its dtsastrous consequencesl._ ,'
Mr. Walker might as well tolls farmer in Peng
llllyttlis, Mho sold his whole crop to a merchant
from whom he got all his supplies for his bendy, '
that it made no difference to him whether, at the
!end of the year, the balance was in his favor or
agiinst him. A melon is a family Upon a large
scale r , and the icame principles of industry Ind
economy that sienna wealth slid "proipdtlty to the '
one; will secure it tO the other.-The greet error,
lon this - point, , eonsisea in the assumption of a PIO '
that is nottrue—that the foreign goods we par
chain are to be' res Old I where they - We imputed,
for-consumption, and ere consumed; and the bile
ancu against the cohntry has to.be paid in melt,
I most hasten on-bat I cannot omit to notice,
for . a moment , one 'of Ithe greatest ebsurdities tlf
this extraordthery Report. Mr. Welker gravely
tells ua, that oqrdomeatio 'products amount' to
$500,000.000,000 - ti year; of this:we exported
last year $150,000,000, the balance being reqttltsd .
for the: supply of 'the/ how . . market ;. but he says
by adopting low duties .we might !montane ottr
exports and imports to $900,000.000, and our
revenue to $9(1.1/00,000 a year. This be makes
nut .11 supposinipllagainst 411 urriento„that
, .
• ' 1
1,
- 1 •
~
•