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OffitcoLyrics, 1110. 2.
I had a cousin, rail- and gay,
And grtmerul as a fairy;
l'he sweetest flower beirtath the skies,
\ Vas' my dear cousin Glary;
I wrote tier sooes and Oanzottets,
And sonnets Ity the dozen :
I I , wed her; and I, told her so,
For why! Slid was nay Cousin
Innen think and ponder o'er
Those walks we took together:
When both our Ifearts.vi ere young and gay,
And light as al?* feather;
How lovingly 1 clasped her hand,.
And met those tender glances;
And brew bed a tale. - surpassed by none
Of Richardson's romances.
I gathered nosegays, and flearned
The language of each blossom:
I envied every bud that blushed,
And faded on her bosom ;
And then at last I 'gave a heart,
It was a worthless proffer :
And yet 'twas worth the world to me,
As all I had to Direr.
And then so prettily she turned,
And said that she :mould ever
nettletither Me—a h no inneed !
She could forget me neior ;
She begged me then to think of her,
Ilut an a loving sister:
I promised it, and,hke a good,
And gentle brother—kissed 'heil
And FO it ended—rime passed on:
I met her two years armor :
I greeted her an cousins should,
She greeted inelwith laughter:
And she was married—she had gro vn
A world or knowledge wiser:
She was ins friend arid confidante.
cousin and aaviser.'
I told her of the many shrines
At which toy kme had bended
Of scrapes and ni" AWures du cceur,"
llow they beg+ and ended. r
A cousin!—'us the dearest tie
The sweetest of relations
Camino; erai kiss and smile away`,'
And carry on flirtations:
Cousins can write long folio shels,
Can stoop to tie a sandal,
C0 , ./.11 , 8 can lea n.upon your arm,
Atid nut one word-of i.eandal:
And when your poor heart's jilted-through,
By conquests by the dozen.
Think-1 the prettiest jilt of all.
Was not your gentle cousin.
Front the National Intelligencer
AIR. CLAY'S S;.'l:EC'll,
epon his lioedotitnis concerning- the 7ur and
,thEr grcat ohjects of public poills.
IN SENATE —March I.
The resolutions baying been read— -
Mr. `CLAY rose and addressed the Senate
nearly as ffllows : ?Mr, President. The resolu
Aions which have jest been read, and which are
to form the subject of the present discussion, are
of the greatest ihiportanie, involving interests of
the -highest character, and a system of - policy
which, in
.my riPininn, lies at the bottom of any,
rcstoration of the Prosperity of the country. In
di:ea-sing them, I would address ms self to you
in the language of ? plainness, of soberness and
truth. I did not come here as if I were entering
a garden.full of flowers and of the richest shrub
bery, to cull the tea roses, the japonicas, the jas
mines and woodbines, and weave them into a gar
land of the gayest colors, that by the beauty of
their assortment and their fragrance I may grati
fy fair ladies. Nay-is it my„ - wish—iris far, far
twin my wish—to, revive any sub:teas of a party
character. or which - Might be calculated to renew
the animosities which unhappily ,have hitherto
prevailed between the two great political parties
in the.country. My coUrso is _far different from
this: it is to speak to you of the sad condition of
our country, to point out not the remote and or
iginal, but the proximate, the immediate causes
ohich have produced andare likely to continue
our disq
esses, and to suggest a remgdy. If rev
one, in or out of the rienatr;, has imagined it to
he a l ly intention, on this occasion, to indulge in
any ambitious display of language, to attempt
any rhetorical flights or to deal in any other, fig ;
ores titan figures of arithmetic, lie will lind - hims
self greatly disappointed. The farmer, if he is it
judicious man, does not begin to plough till he
has laid off his land, and marked it off at proper
distance by planting stakes by which hisplough
men arc to be guided in thc.r movements; and
the ploughman accordingly fixes his eye upon the
stake opposite to the •e nd of the destined furrow,
and then endeavors to-reach it by a straight and
direct furrow. These resolutions are my stakes
But, before I proceed to examine them, let me
first meet and olzviate certain objekiens, which,
as I understand, time been or may be urged a-.
gainst them generally. I learn that it is said of
these resolutions 'that they present only general
propositions, and that, instead 'of this, I should at
once haveintroduced separatc,bills, and enter in
to detail- and shown in what manner I ,proposed
to accomplish the i ebjects 'which the resolutions
propose. Let me here say, in• reply, that the an
dent principles and mode of legislati At which'
has ever prevailed from the - 'foundation of this
Government, has been to fix first upon the gen
eral prinCiples which are to guide us and_ then to
c irry out eh -se principles by detailed legislation.
Such has ever been the course. pursued, not only
16 country from which we derive our legislative
institutions, but in our o.vn. The. memorable
resolutions olTercd in the British. House of Com
mons by the eclebratal Mr. Dunning, is no doubt
faunhar to the mind of eNery one—that "the pow
er of the Crown (and it is equally true of our
own Chief Magistrate) bad increased, was in
creasing, and ought to he diminished." When
I was a member of another legislative body,
which meets in the opposite extremity of this
Capitol, it was the course, in , reference to the
great questions.of internal improvement and other
leading measures of.pnblic,policy, to propose spe
cific resolutionii'geing to mark out the principles
'of action which Might to be adopted, and then to
carry out these principhs by subsequent enact
ments. Another, objection is. urged, as I under
stand, against one of these resolutions; ' Which is
this that by the Constitution no bill for raising'
revenue can originate any where but idthe House
of Representaives.; It is true that' we cannot or
iginate such a bill but,',undoubtedly, in contern;•
plating the-conditi4n of the public affairs: and in
the right consideration of all questions touching
the amount ;ff the revenue and the mode in Which
it shall be raised, and involving the great questions
OM
....$2 GO
. - -
. .
LEASURS •-Dlt. JOHNSON
"I' WILL TEACH y g U TO PIERCE TUE "WEI S HE TH E EA RTH; - AND EIHNO OUT Tram THE CAVERNS OP MOUNTAINS, METALS Timca WILL HIVE STRENGTH TO OUR HANDS AND SUBJECT AEI. NATURE TO OUR ,
USE AND P,
. .
, . .
VOL
of expenditure and retrenchment, and how fttr the
expense of the GaernMent may safely and prop
erly be diminishea, it is perfectly .legitimate for
us to delibeiate and to' act as duty may demand.
There can be no question but that, during the
present session of Congress, abill of revenue will
be sent to us from the other linuse ; and if, when
it comes, we shall first have gone through with a
consideration of the general subject, fixing the
principles of policy prope's to he pursued in rela
tion to it, it will greatly 'economise the time of
the Senate and proportionably save alargh amount
of the public. money.
Perhaps no better - mode cam be pursued of dis
cussing the resolutions. I hare had the honor to
present, than to take them, up in the order of their
arrangement, as I preseniCil them to the Senate,
after much deliberate consideration. - -
The first resolution declates,-.
"That it is the duty. of the General Govern
ment, for conductMg its adminiAration, to ,pro
vide an adequate revenue within the year_to meet.
the current expenses of the year; and that ably
expedient, either by loan. or Treasury notes,
to supply in time of peace, a deficiency of re
venue, especially during successive years, is
unwise, and must lead to pernicious consequen-
ens."
•
I have heard it asserted that this resolution is
but a truism. If so, I regret to say I regret .to
say that it is one from which Governments too•
often depart, and from which this Government
especially has departed during the last five years.
Has an adequate revenue—been provided n j.t.hin
each of these years to meet the necessary expen
ses of the same years! No;‘ far otherwise.
. In 1837, at the called session, instead of im
posing the requisite amount of taxes upon the
free articles, according to the provisions of the
compromise act, what was the resort of the Ad
ministration To Treasury notes. And the
'same expedient of Treasury notes was ever since
adopted, from year to year, to supply the deficit
accruing. And, of necessity, this policy cast up
on the Administration, succeeding an unasc.er.
tained unliquidated debt, induci.lg a temporary
necessity on that AdministMtion, to have resort
to the samemeans of supply. •
do.not advert to thes'e facts with any purpose
of erinfinati , n or recrimination. Far from it.—
For we have reached that state of the public af
fairs when the country-lies bleeding at every pore,
aqd when, as I earnestly hope and trust, we shall,-
by common consent, dispense with our party pre
judices, and agree to look at any measure propos
ed for the public relief as patriots and statesmen.
1 sav, then, that during the four 'years of the ad
ministration of Mr. Van Buren, there was an ex
cess of 'expenditure over the income of the Pov-.
ern mcnt . to the amount of between seven and eight
millions of dollars; and I say that it was the du
ty of that Administration, the moment they found
this deficit to exist in the revenue, to have resort
ed to the adequate remedy by laying the requisite
amount of taxes on the free articles to meet and
to supply the deficiency.
I shall say nothing more on the first resolu
tion, • because I do hope that, whatever the previ
ous practice of thi t Governinent may have been,
there is no Senator here who will hesitate to con
cur in tle. truth of the general proposition it con-
MEE
The next three ri , olutions all relate to the
same general subjects—subjects which I con
sider much the most - important of any here set
forth, and I -shall, foe that reason, consider them
together.
The second resolution asserts—
Th such an adequate revenue cannot He ob
tained by duties Ort foreign import; without
adopting a higher rate than twenty per cent., as
provided for in the compromise act, which, at the
time of its passage, was supposed and assumed as
a rate that would supply a sufficient revenue for
an economical- adioioistration of the Govern
ment "
The third resolution concludes 7
" That:the rate of duties on foreign imports
ought to be augmented beyond the (ate of twenty
per cent. so as to pioduce a nett re l / 4 enue, of twen
ty-six Millions of
m dHars—twenty-tWil b for the or
dory expenses of government, two r the pay
ment of the existin l g debt,' and two millions as a
reserved fund for cringe' cies."
The fourth re'sol tion a.
"That in thQ ad3ustm(Li
amount of twenty six ! in
principles of the co nprom
he adhered to, and : that
rate of ad valorem Iduties
from which. there 'ought
as possible."
The first questi n whir;
g,eSt is this: Wh• t.shoulil
annual expenditu sof thii
on this point, I sl all not
sible, to be exact nd preci
may be. .We calonly 11
No man, in his private a
tend to say, at the licginn i l
ly what shall be the aino
ing the year ; that must e
seen continzencies, wh'icl
cision be calculated before
dine is to make an apprOij
to be or what :may be t!
consider that question,.all
an assertion made first by!
Carolina, (Mr. Calhoun,:
the Senator from Missciuri
and I believe by one or
W ti
that the Whig ,party, wh
ed that, if trusted with th
minister this Government;
ditilre not exceeding ;I:
1;101 an assertion was act
all of the gentlemen, that
ed again without resortin
I know of no sueli posi
%V hiparty ; pr by any r ;
Whig party. Sure lam
pledjed itself to no such
expenses—none.
And lapin say that I
section is repeated, the pl
'For in this case, as in 01
rust, before such an tia-•
oofs will be adduced.
heti; that which , is as
serted and reiterated comes at last to be believed.
The Whig party did promise economy and re
trenchment, and I trust will perform their prom
ise.' I deny (in no offensive sense) that. the
Whig party ever proniised to reduce•the expen
ditures of this Government to thirteen MillionS of
dollars. • ; but 'this' was what they said.:: dur
ing the four years of the Administration of Mr.
Adams the average amount of the' public: expentli
tureiwns but thirteen millions,, and you ettirged
that. Adtninistration with outrageoins
ge4ce, and came yourself into power on promises
- ,-_:,.:
•
~IT
,
•
ECM
t of a tariff to raise an
'lions of revenue, the
e act generally should
[specially a maximum
Ishould be established,
o he as little departure
these resolutions sug-
be the amount of the
Government Now,
ttempr wh it is impas
se in stating}what they
take an approximation.
airs, can say, or pro
ng of the year, precise
' nt of his expensesilur
epend on many unfor
! cannot with any pre.
hand : all that can be
•
miation to what ought
io amount. Before I
ow me to correct here
the Senator from South
and subsequently by
near me, (%tr. Linn,)
o other gentlemen, viz.
'n out of power, assert
s helm, tl)ey would ad
at an amount of expen
-13,000,000. I hope, if
ally made by either or
!It will .never be rc:peat-
to proof to sustain it.
ittiot ever illicit by the
ominent member of the
itiat. the party generally
reduction of the. public
~:41r: r"Sif~.~4 % eS':: t r ~S:`{ - ::'s+:s'`3~`;-~~d
AND POTTSVILLE GENERAL ADVERTISER.
WEEKLY BY BENJAMIN BANNAN, POTTSVILLE, SCHUYKILL COUNTY, PA.
to reduce the annual expenditure ; but, having
obtained power, instead of reducing the public
expenses you carried them up to the astonishing
amount of near forty `millions--But, while the
Whigs never asserted that, they would administer
the Government'with thirteen millions, our op
ponents, our respected opponents, after having
been three years in power, instead of bringing
the expenses below the standard of Mr. Adams's
Administration, declared that fifteen - millions was
the amount at which the expenditures should be
fixed. This was the ground taken by Mr. Mc-
Lane, when he was at the head of the Trea'Sury.
I have his report before me ; but as the act, I pre
sume, will not be denied, I forbear to lead from
it. He suggests, as the fit amount to be raised
by the tariff he proposed, the sum of fifteen mil
lions of dollars as sufficient to meet the wants_; of
the Government.
I hope now I have shown that the Whig par
ty, before they obtained power, never were pledg
ed' to bring down. the public expenses either to
thirteen or fifteen millions. They were pledged,
I admit, to retrench unnecessary expenditures,
and to make a reasonable deduction whenever it
could properly be made consistently with the pub
lic service : that process, as I understand, is nbw
going on in both Houses, and I trust the fruits
will be seen before the end of the present session.
Unpledg,ed, therefore, as the Vhig party was,
to any specific amount ; the question recurs, at,
what sum can the expenses of the Government be
now fixed
I repeat that the exact amount is difficult to be,
ascertained, I have stated it in the resolution I
now offer at twent,)•two millions ; and I .shall
soon show how I have arrived at that amount.—
But, before I do that, allow me to call the atten-,
tion of the Senate to the expenditures of the pre
ceding Administration; for, in attempting to fix
a sum for the future, I know of no course but to
look back upon the experience of the past, and
then to endeavor to deduce front it the probable
amount of future expenditure. What, then, were
the expenditures of the four years "of the past Ad
ministration ?
In 1837, the amount was $37,265,037 15
In 1838 it was 39,455,438 35
In 1839 37,614,933 15
in 1840 28,226,534. 81
Making an aggregate of $142,561:045 46
Which gives us, un aggregate per year of $35,-
640,486 38. •
The sum I have proposed Is only twenty=two
millions, which deducted from thirty-five es above,
leaves a reduction of 13,640,000—being a sum
greater than the whole average expenditure of the
extravagant and profligate administration of Mr.
Adams, which they told us-was so enormous that
it must be reduced by agieat retrenchment and
reform."
I am not here going to inquire into the items
which composed the large expenditures of the four
years of Mr. Van Buren's administration. I know
what has been said, and will again be said on that
subject—that there were many items of extra ex
penditure which may never occur again. Be it ere,
but do we not know that every administration has
its extras, and that these may he expected to arise,
and will and must arise under every administration
beneath the sun 7. But take this also into view in
leoking at the expenses of that administration: that
less was expended on the national defenres:--less
in the construction or r3pair of fortifications—less
for the navy, and less for other means of repelling
a foreign attack, than, perhaps, ought to have been
expended. At present we are all animated with
a common zeal and determination on the subject
of defence ; all feel the necessity of some adequate
plan of defence, as well upon the ocean tic the
land, . and especially of putting our navy and our
fortifications in a better state to defend the honor
and protect the rights of the nation. We feel this
necessity, although we all trust that the calamity
of a war may be averted. This calls fur a greater
amount of money for these purposes than was ap
propriated under Mr. Van Buren's administration;
besides which, in; the progress of affairs, Unforseen
exigencies may arise, and do constantly occur,
calling for other appropriations needed, which no
man can anticipate. Every NliniAerin every Gov
ernment—every administration of our own Gov.
ernment, has its extraordinaries and its contingen
cies ; and it is no apology for Mr. Van Buren's
administratio'n to say that the circumatances which
occasioned its expenditures were extraordinary
and peculiar. Making all the allowanCea which
its warmest friends can ask for the expenses of the
inglorious war in Florida—a contest which has
profusely wasted not only the resources of the
Treasury, but the bust blood of the nation—mak
ing the amplest allowance for this and for all oth
er extras whatever, the sum expended by the last
administration still remains to be far; far beyond
what is proposed in these resolutionsais sufficient
fur the present, and for years to come. It must,
in candor, be conceded that this is a very great
diminution of the national expenditure; and such,
if nothing else were done, would redeem the pledge
of the Whig party.
But - let us now consider the subject in another
light. Thirteen millions was the average annual
amount of expenditure under Mr. Adath's admin
istration, which terminated thirteen years ago. I
should be authorised; therefore, to take the com
inencement of hie administration in 1825, being
a period Of seventeen years, in making a compar
ison of the progressive increase of the national ex
penditures; or, at all events, adding one-half of
Mr. Adam's term, to take the period as running
fifteen years back ; but 1 shall not avail myself of
this perfectly fair calculation, and I will therefore
say, that. at the end of thirteen years, from the
time when the expenditures were thirteen millions.
I propose that they be raised to twenty-two mil
lions. And is this an extraordinary increase fur
such a period, in a country of such rapid increase
and developement as this is 1 What has occurred
during this lapse of time 1 The army has been
doubled, or nearly so; II has increase] from a lit
tle over 6,000 men to 12,40. We have built six,
eight, or ten ships of the line, (I do not recollect
thi precise , nue - thee ;) two or three new . States
have been added to the Union; and two periodi
cal enumerations have been made of the national
population ; besides which there have been, and,
yet are to be; %lA, expenditures on works of forii-'
fication end national defence. Now when eve
look at the increased number of members in both
Rouses of Congress, and consider the necessary
:and inevitable progress and growth of the nation,
is it, I ask, an eitraordinary thing that at the end
of a period of thirteen years out expenditures
should increase from thirteen to twenty-two-mil
lions of dollars? If we take' the , period at seven
teens years, (as we fairly may,) or at but fifteen
years, the increase of expenses will be found not
, j
-F.
SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 26, - 1842
to go beyond the proportionalincrease of our pop.
elation within the same perked. That increase is
found to be about per cent. 'annually ; an d t h e
increase of government - expenditures at the rate
above-stated, will not exceed that. This is inde
pendent of any augmentation of the army or navy,
of the addition of new States and Territories, or
the enlargement of the numbers in Congress.
Taking the addition, at the end of thirteen year s ,
to be nine millions of dollars, it will give an an
nual average increase of about $ 700,000. And I
think that the Government of no people, young,
free, and growing as this nation, can, under air.
cumstances like ours, be justly charged with rash.
ness, recklessness, or extravagance, it its expenses
increase but at the rate of $ 700,000 per annum.
If our posterity, after their numbers shall have
swelled to 100 millions, shall find that their ex
penses have augmented in no greater ratio than
this, they will have no cause of complaint of the
prof?senesa or extravagance of their Government.
But tt should be recollected that while I have
fixed the rate of expenditure at the sum I have
mentioned, viz : twenty-two millions, this does not
preclude further reductions, if they shall be found
practicable, efier existing abuses have been explor
ed and all useless or unnecessary expendit ures
have been lopped off
The honorable Senator from South Carolina
(Mr. Calhoun) has favored us, on more occasions
than one, with an account of the reforms he effec
ted when at the head of the War Department of
this Government ; and no man, certainly, can be
less disposed than I am to deprive him of a single
feather which he thinks ho put in his cap by that
operation But, what does he tell us was his ex
perience in this business of retrenchment? He
tells us what we all know to be true—what every
father, every householder, especially finds to be
true in his own case—that it is much easier to
plunge into extravagance than to reduce expenses ;
and it is pre-eminently true of a nation. Every
nation finds it for easier to rush into an ettrava.
gam expenditure of the money entrusted to its pub
lic agents, than to bring down the public expen
ditures from a profuse and reckless to an economi
eel standard. All useful and salutary reforms
must be made-with care and circumspection. The
gentleman from South Carolina admits, that the
reforma he accomPlishod took him four years to
bring about. It was not till after four years of
constant exertion that he was enabled to establish
a system of just accountability, and to bring down
the expenses of the army to that overage, per man,
to which they were at length reduced. And now,
with all his personal knowledge of the difficulties
of such a task, was it kind in him, was it kind or
fair in his associates, to taunt us, as they have
done, by already asking, o where are the reforms
you promised to accomplish when you were out of
power 1 "
01r. Calhoun here rose to explain, and observ
ed that what he had again and again said on the
subject of reforms was no more than this, that it
was time the promised reforms should begin ; it
was lime they should begin; and that was all he
now asked.]
Very welt; if that is all hd asks the gentleman
will not be disappointed. We could not begin at
the Extra Session ; it could not then reasonably
.be expected of us, for what is the duty of a new
Administration ; when it first comes into the pos
sion of power ! Its immediate and pressing care
is to carry on the Government; to become acquain
ted with the Machine; to look bow it acts in its
various parts, and to take care that it shall not
work injuriously to the public interest. They can
not, at once, look back at the past abuses ; it is
not practicable to do so, it (bust have time to look
into the pigeon holes of the various_ bureaux, to
find out what has been done, and what is doing.
Its first great duty is to keep the machine of Gov
ernment in regular motion. It could not, there
fore be expected, that Congress would go into a
thorough process of reform at the Extra Session.
Its peculiar object then was to adopt measures of
ithmediate and indispensable relief to the People
and to the Government.—Besides.which, the sub
sequent misfortunes of the Whig party were well
known. President Harrison occupied the. Chair
of State but for a single month; and the members
of his Cabinet left it under circumstances which,
let me bore say, do them the highest hone/. Ido
not enter upon the inquiry whether the state of
things which they supposed to exist did actually
exist or nut; but believing it to exist., as they did
their resignation presents one of the most signal
examples of the sacrifice of the honors and emolu
ments of high station, at great expense and per
sonal inconvenience, and of noble adherence to
honor and good faith, which. the history of any
country can show. But I may justly claim, not
only on behalf of the retiring Secretaries, but for
the whole Whig party, a stern adherence to princi
ple, in utter disregard of the spoils doctrine, and
of all those baser motives and considerations which
address themselves to some men with so great a
power. I say, then, that the late Extm Session was
no time to achieve a great pied extensive and diffi
cult reform throughout the departments of the Gov
erriment—a process like that can be attempted on
ly during the regular session of Congress; and do
not gentlemen know that it is now in progress ; by
the faithful hands to which it has . here and else
where in Congress been committed and that an
extraordinary committee has been raised in this
body, insomuch list to effect it the Senate has
somewhat ah"ot from its usual and appropriate orbit
by establishing a standing Committee of Retrench
ment If the honorable Senator from S.uth Car
olina took lour years to bring down the expenses
of the War Department, when - under his own im
mediate superintendances. I may surely, with con
fidence, 111.1titi my Appeal to his sense of justice.bnd
liberality to allow us itt least two years before he
approaches as with a failure in a work so much
mole extensive.
I will now say that, in suggesting the propriety
of fining the annual average expenditure of this
Government at twenty-two millions of dollars, from
this time arid fur some years to come, it is not, my
purpose yi preclude any further re'uction of ex
pees° by' the dismissal of useless officers, the abo
lition ()fuseless institutions and' the -reduction of
unnecessary or extravagant expenditures. No
man is morn desirous than I am of seeing this
Government administered at the smallest possible
expense consistent with the duties entrusted to us
in the management of our public interests both at
home and *broad. None will rejoice more if it
shall be fotind practicable to reduce our expenses
to eighteen, to fifteen, or even to thirteen milliciPs•
gene. I repeat it, rejoice in such a triumph
of economy more heartily than I, None—none.
But nevi allow me to proceed to state by whet
Proeesal have reached the' um of twenty-two mil
lions, as proposea in the teselition-I have offered.
ME
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The eeretary et the Treasury has presented to
Us estimates for the current year, independent of
permanent expenses of a million and a half, amount
ing to about twenty four and a half millions, which
may be stated under the following' heads, viz:
For the civil list, foreman intercourse,
and mi scellaneous, $ 4,000,987 85
For the War Department including
all branches,
Naval service,
. ,
And here let me say a single word in defence
of the army. The Department of War comes to
us with estimates for the sum of 11,717,791 27
and those who look only on the surface of things,
may suppose that this sum is extraordinarily large;
but there are many news in that sum. I have be
fore me a statement going to show that of that
sum only four millions arc asked for the military
service proper—a min less than is demanded for
the naval service proper, and only double the a
mount at which it stood when the honorable gen
tleman froin South Carolina left the Department.
The sum was then about $ 2,000,000 ; it is now
not quite $ 4,000,000; while, during the same
period, \ the army has been nearly doubled, besides
the raising of mounted regiments, the most expen
sive for 4hat very reason of any in service. I think
that thd gentleman from South Carolina, if be
looks into the subject in detail, will find that the
cost of the army is not at this hour greater, per
man, than it was when it was under his own per
sonal administration. So lam informed; and that,
although the pay has been raised a dollar a month,
which has very largely augmented the expendi
ture.
The Executive Branch of the Government has
sent in estimates amounting, in all, to twenty-four
and a half millions of dollars, for the service of the
current year„, which, with the million and a half
of permanent expenditure, makes twenty-six mil
lions. How much is to be added to that amount
for appropriations notl i yet estimated, which may he
made during the session of Congress, to meet hon
est. claims, and for other objects of a public nature.
I remember one item proposed by my friend near
me ( Mr. Mangum ) for a quarter of a million for
`the building of a steam ship, an item not included
in the estimates, but for which the Senate has al
ready appropriated ; besides which there are vari
ous other items which have passed or will pads
during the present session. When the honorable
gentleman from New Hampshire was at the head
of the Treasury, he made, in his communications
to Congress, constant complaints of this very prac
tice. He well remembers that he was ever com
plaining that the expenditures of the GoVernment
were swelled far beyond the Executive estimates,
by appropriations made by Congress no( estimated
for by the Departments. I have calculated that we
shall add to the twenty-six millions of dollars es
timated for by the Executive Departments, or per
manently required, at least one million and a half;
Which would raise the sum for this year to twenty.
seven millions and a half.
How then do I propose to bring this down to
twenty-two millions? I have, I' own, some fears
that we shall not be able to riffict it-; but I hope
that, we shall so far reduce the estimates and pre
vent. unnecessary appropriations that the total ex
peniliture shall not exceed.that amount. The
mode in which I propose to reach such a result is
this!: I suppose we may effect a reduction of the
civi list to the amount of half a Million. That
genkal head includes, among other things, the
expkises Of the two Houses, and as I have heard,
thejother House has already introduced o report
which, if adopted, will cut down those expenses
one, hundred thousand dollars, though I think that
they should be reduced much more. I estimate,
theh, three and a half millions for the civil list in
steedpf four millions, then I estimate nine mil
lions for the War-Department instead of $ 11,717,-
006. In a conversation which I have lately held
wit the chairman of the Military Committee of
~ i
thi body, he expressed the apprehension that it
co u d not be reduced below ten millions; but I
hello it may be cut down to nine. As to the na
val, service, the estimates of the Department for
that branch of the service amount to $ 8,707,500;
an amount I think far too high, and indeed quite
ext r avagant. I was greatly astonished a( learning
the amount was so large. Still I know the Navy
is the favorite of all, and justly ; it is the boast of
the nation, and our great resource and chief de
pendence in the contingency of a war; no man
thinks for a moment, of crippling or disabling this
right arm of our defence. But I have supposed
tha 'without injury the appropriation asked for
micht be reduced from $ 8,707,500 to $ 6,500,000.
Th s.would put the reduction in the naval on a
foo ing with that in the military appropriation,
any still leave a greater appropriation than usual
to {hat department. The reduction to six millions
and a half is as large as I think will be practica
ble, if we are to provide for proposed experiments
in {he 'application of steak, and are, besides, to
ad ii largely to the marine corps.
ow, then, will the total of our expenditures
stand! We shall have—
Forthe civil and diplomatic expenses
Of the Government,
For the Military service,
f i or the Naval service,
For permanent appropriations,
For appropriations not included in the
bstimates,
I Making on aggregate of $2: ,000,000
To this amount I suppose and hope our expen
sesimay be reduied, until, on due investigation, It
shall be discovered that still further reductions may
be l effected. .
Well, then, having fixed the amount i at twenty-
MO millions for the ordinary current expenses of
Go l vernment, I have supposed it necessary end
pro Per to add two millions more to make provision
forlthe payment of existing National, debt,' which
is, ' n the event of the loan being taken up. seven
teen millions. And then I go on to add two mil
lions more as a reserved fund, to meet contingen
-
Pie'; so that, should there he a temperer/ rise of
th expenditures beyond twenty - two - millions, or
an sudden emergency should occur which could
1 1.
no be anticipated or calculated on, there may by
thf requisite means in the Treasury to meet it.
Nor has there been a'single Secretary at the head
-of i the Treasnry since; the Jaya of Mr. Gallatin, in
chiding - the respectable ' gentleman from -New
H , rripshire opposite, (Mr. Woodbury) who -has
not held end expressed the - opinion that a reserved
fund . is highly eipedient and proper for contin 7
genties. Thus I propose that tvventy-tvvo millions
shall he , appropriated for ordinary expenses, two
intions more to provide'for the p u blic. d,:bti "mih
of er two millions a reserved fund to ineet contin
ge ales; making in all twenty-six millions.
EMEM=
EN
WI
11.717,791 27
8 0 705,579 83
$ 24,422,358 83
I o ill now show you that the ex priers from 15:36
to 1811, inclusive. a period of six years, amu - int
to $621,004,125, being an average annual amount
of $10.1,500,687. That I take as presenting a
safe ground of calculations for the future. To
this I propose to add alum per cent. for profits—
in which I do but follow Mr. Ewing, the 1 rte Sec.
retary, in his report at the Extra Session. It is
certainly a great profit, [I include of course all ex
penses and charges of every kind, and with this'
addition, the annual amount will - be $1 I 8,958,-
rB7, ssy 119 millions. Deducting, (or the inter.
eat and principal of the American debt abroad, ten
millions per annum, it will leave a met amount of
109 millions. There can be no as to the
propriety of such a deduction ; the debt exists ; it
must be provided fur: and my fear is that this a
mount will prove too small to meet it. I think
that much more may propably he needed; but cer
tainly none can u!iject to the reserve 01 ten mil:-
ions. 'We thus get, as I said, a nett balance from
our annual exports, including profits, of 109
Of this amount of importation how much is
now free (rem duty ? The free goods, including
tea and coffee, amount to 30 millions: from which
amount I deduct for tea and coffee, assuming that
they will be subjected to moderate dutit s, mil-
Ilona, leaving the amount of free articles at 18
millions ; deduct this from 109 millions, the ,e•
mount uf exports, and it will leave a balance,of
91 millions, which may bo assumed as the amount
of dutiable article for some years to come.
How, then, out of those 90 or 91 millions of
dutiable goods are we to raise a revenue of 26
rio man, I presume, will rise hero in
his place and say that we are to rely either on di
rect or internal taxes.. Who has the temerity to
meet the waves of popular indignation which will,
flow round and bury him, whoever he may be, that
should propose, in time of peace, to raise n reve
nue by direct taxation ! Yet this is the only re
source to fly to, save the proceeds of the public
hinds:on which I shall speak presently, and which
I can satisfy any man is not to be thought of.—
You are, therefore, to draw this amount of 26 mil
lions from the 91 millions of dutiable articles im
ported ; and, to reach the sum, at what rate of per
cent. must you got
I shall here say nothing. nr but a
ward nr two,
on the subject of home valuation—a subj. ct which
a friend has care of, ( Mr. Simmons ) titan whom
none is more competent to its full elucidation. He
thinks, as I understand, that there can be deviseti a
satisfactory system of such valuation, end I hearti
ly wish him success in the attei tpt. - I will only say
that, in my opinion, if we raise but ten 'billions,
without any reference whatever to. protection,
without reference to anything but to mere hones
ty, however small the amountkmay be, we should
ourselves assess the video ditto goods on which we
lay the duty, and not leave that value to he fix: d I
by foreigners. As. things now stand, we fay the
duty, but foreigners Gx the value of the gouda.—
Give me but the power of fixing the value of the
goods, and I care little, in co:lTT:twin, what may
be the rate of duty you impdse. It is evident that
on the ad vidorein principle it is the tarrigtict.
who virtually fixes the actual amount of the d u ty
paid. It is the foreigner who, by fixing that vat
ue, virtually legislates for us; and thtt tit a case
whore his interest is directly opposed to that of
our revenue. I say, therefore, that inifrp.atiietit_
of all Cullailetotiolls of protection, itaieru rutles,t . oi
all ends or motives hut•the preventing.l those in
famous frauds which have been the di-glare ...f
-our custom-home—frauds in which the fureigner,
with his double and topple and quadruple invoi
ces, ready to lie produced, as circumstances may
require, fixes the value of the merchandise taxtd
, —every consideration-of national dignity, justice,
and independence demands .the substitution of
home valuation in place of foreign. What street
such a change may have in the augmentation of
the revenue I am not prepared to say, because
do not know the amount. I think .the rate may
be set down et . _ from twenty to twenty five per
cent. in addition to the foreign value of imports.—
. Ido not.speate with great confiaence. If the rate
„iii.twenty"-five, per cent. thew it would add only
fiye [ per:efnt. to the rate of twenty per cent. es
tah'isheil by the compromise act. Of course if
th.. home Vii Atilrgtitpted for t h e foreign valuation.
the augmentation of dal ' twenty per
$ 3,500,000
0,000,(100
6,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
=1
The next inquiry .which presents it-elf is, how
this amount OU#llt L./ be raised There are two
modes of estimating the revenue to he domed
from foreign imports, and either of them presents
only ground fur a conjectural tesult; but so floc
lulling is the course of conintortai, that every one
must see it. i to be impossible to estunate. with pre
cision, the axact amount of what it will yield. In
burning my estimate, I have taken the amount 01
exports as presenting the best bas 4 of cat ailation.
But here let me add, that at the Treasury they
113 Val taken the imports as the lia-is; and I sin
gratified to be able to state that, I understand, on
comparing the results arrived at, although the cal
culations were made without concert, those of the
Secretary turn out to be very nearly, if not exact•
ly, the same with these to which 1 have been con
ducted. I will here state why it is I have taken
the exports as the ground of my calculation, ad
ding thereto fifteen per cent for profits. ex-
I po r t s are one means of making foreign purchases.
Their value is ascertained at the ports of exporta
tion, under the act of 1820, and the returns gen
erally present the same value. The -price of
cotton, as an example, at home is alw lys regula
ted by the price in the Liverpool ma-ket. It (al
lows, therefore, that by Wittig the value of any
commodity at the place of ita export, you reach
its true value: for, if the prices realized abroad be
some times above and sometimes below that a-
Mount, the excess and deficiency will proliably
neutralize each other. This is the fairest mode
for another reason. If in oily one year more for
eign goods shall be purchased than the exports 01
that year would pay for, a credit is creat.il abroad
which must be extinguished by the exports id
some succeeding year;
[ Mr. Buchanan here inquired if any deduction
had been made by Mr.. Clay from the exports, to
pay the interest, &c. on American debt held a
broad. , Mr. Clay replied that the Senator would
presently are that he had. )
I think the Senate will agree with me in assu
ming that &I exports form a more comet and re
liable standard of estimation than the imports:
however that may be, the accidental coincidence
between the results arrived at, in eithelr Mode for
tifies and proves the calculation itself to have been
founded in correct principles. These results, as
shown by the Secretary of Treasury, aro now, I
believe, in the House, and I regretted that I could
not examine them before 1 rose to addrtms the
Senate.
=
ccia. vetil•im iese ivy Lat,l4l
er it =ay he:. loVithoitt, however. eoteritig itao
die queslion Of home valuatiup; tint, leaving _ that
subject to he erraputl . itereirfter;f (lest - the Cub.:
feet u if the present syetctu of fereisrr faletiou.
is to continue,
'Melt returned to The itiquiry. on in
uon arnouniitietu ninety-one millions; how nitwit
duty must he imposed in order tonaisa - nett tee:
cnuo of twenty-am Millions I question does - •
not admit of peal* accuracy ; the uttnest tftst can
be reached is a reasonable aPprosunation. Cup-
pose every erne of the imported articles to by .61):
jeer. to a dutyrof tkirty per rent, then the- Omer
revenue will amount to $27,300,000. Deducting: .
the expenses bf collecting. Which may lie istatetl at
$1,600,000. Will give 700,000, or tine°
deed thousend
. dollars less than 'the propotit 4%
mount of,twebtraix millions. . .
But I might us well take this opportunity- to
plain a subject which is not well understood. 'lt
has been supposed, when I propose to fix a Tara '
of advalotem duty as the maximum to be alloik.;
ed, that my meaning is. that.all articles, of every
des-ription ate to be carried up tp that pOllll, and
Ilxed at that rate, as on a sort of bed of Procrustes.
But that is not my idea. Pio debt t certain aril.' '
des ..ulbt to go up to the maximum—l
those of prime necessity belonging to the data. of.
protected There are Where, $14 , 11f is jet. :
.lry and watthes, and some 'others of smsll bulk
and great comparative value, and thetefore erestly
smuggled, and presenting a groat temptation to ,
the evasion of duty, which on:ht \te be stijectc,!
to a less tate. • There should, therefOre.:
erimination allowed under the maximum rate,
cording to the exigency- of the respective ciretunti \ .
stances of each punt:War interest cencerma—
Since it will require a duty of thirty per cent. on
all articles, to give the amount of twenty-five
lion seven hundred thousand dollars, and since
some of them will not bear so high a duty as tide-
ty per cent. it foliates that less:than that rate, will
certainly not answer the necessary demands of the
Government, and it may in some particular cased -
require a rate somewhat higher than that in order
to raise the proposed sum of twenty-six millions. - : 1d
But as the re,erVed4und of two millions for con
tingencies will not require an annual revenue for
that purpose, should the amount of duties levied
less than twenty->i millions, or even between
t•venty-four and twenty'-five mlllions,:the reserved '
fund may be mode up by accumulatiors„durin4
successive years and still leave an amount stet i•
cient to meet at: annual expa i nliture of twenty.;
tivo millions, and two millions fur the public .
debt. •-• •
NO. 13
I now approach the consideration of a very int.'
portant branch of the subject tri its connexion
milli the compromise act.
I shall mot here attempt to go again into the his
tory of that act. I will only say that, at the time
of its passage, it was thought right that the coon.
try should make a fair expelituent of its •efreilt
and that: as the law itself met thdapprobation.of
all parts of tho country, its provision ought not
lightly to be departed from ; that the principles of
the act should be observed i n good faith; and that,
if it be necessary to raise the duties higher than
twenty per cent. - we ought to adhere to the prilici•
pies of ha compromise, then, as for as it should
be possible to do so, I have been animated, in
propositions I now offer to the Senate, by the
same desire that prompted me, whenever the act
has been assailed by its opponents, to stand by it
and defend it.
Toe DAUGIITF.U. UF Cue.. Bunn.—Every one
who knows aught of the history of Aaron Berri
must recollect the mysterious death of his only
daughter, the wife of the former Governor of South
Carolina. She left Charleston in a brig for this
city, as was said, with a large amount of money
and plate ; but the brig never reached the pert,
nor was ever heard of after. Years passed away,
when a sailor in Maine, on his death-bed, confes
sed to have been one of the crew of the btig, anti
that the.passengers were all murdered for their,.
money. Some few years since a sailor in Mobile
died with a similar confession, and we-ford in the
N. 0. Crescent City of the 2d inst. the following •
paragraph concerning the same matter: .
tt A gentleman from Texas—an oi.l utuf
friend, and one whose veracity i$ unirnpeacitable
—informs as that an old sailor (*Testily died at .
Matagorda, who made a full confession of a num. ,
her of piracies itt,witich he had been engaged;and
stated that ho was one of the crew of
_Olevessel .
which sailed from Charleston; with.Mra. 'Alston
on board. When three. days out, nsonsultation
was held, and it was determined - that'the passen
gers should be rubbed and retkered.
of death commenced, and all e were killed, Mrs.
Iston being Oita last victim 1t s; Was Made to
walk the plank. Her image, be'itaiti, was always
beftru him. and he could not 'die wallow, go nf;',.
sing the horrid deed. The closing scene of his
life was horrible in the txtretno—he' raved with
madness, exclaiming, 'I here site is nuty
—I see her standing before,me —away •
t. Many witnesses were present who can heat •
testimony to the confession, and 'we think there -
can do longer exist any doubt on a sui.j. , :c!. winch
has long been veiled in mystery." : •
ERln n o s .—The N ottinghant_paperegive a
melancholy account of the prospects of thu
ing classes in the manufacturing villages of that
county. So peat is the despair of any amend
ment, that very extensive and active measures
have been mule by BOUM of the principal machine
owners, smiths, and others, to emigrate and re
move the lace manufacture to foreign States, prin
cipally to this country. Never, at any period,
says the same paper, thu Nottingham contain so
many aching hearts— all classes, except the high
est, seeming to give way to despair.
The Effects of Teetotalism
Norco(' good than we cantell,
More to buy with, more to sell,
More of comfort, less of care.
More to eat and more to wear.
Happier homes with faces bright.
All our burthens rendered tight.
Conscience clear. minds much stronger.
Debts much shorter. purses longer,
Hopes that drive away all sorrow,
And something laid up for tomorrow.
Sperm 7 . us BA Lt. -A largo Tariff mitetinie
without diAinction of 'party was beta in Deaver
county, on the 7th inst. •John Dickey and S.
Uut hint, Esqr's. addressed the meeting, end a
preamble and resolutions were passed. setting forth,
the rho/ of protecting-An4rican IMlustry in a
mot able manlier.
As At Dix:stns.—An English raper
says that a decision has just been given in the
Court of Queen's Bench, Ireland, vv hich I.il car-.
ry iarminto many a family. All marriagCs
.fieland, celebrated by Presbyterian ministers,
where both parties arc not Presbyterians, are de
clared- invalid. The Presbyterians in Ulster
amount to upwards of 600,000, and, we muter-
stantl, nothing was more common than the etle- .
bration of : Marriages between Presbyterians and
the members of other eommunities,hy Presbyte
rian mmisters.-,Phda.
LON' D9irlop.—Thomqs Hutchinson and S.
AlcNtel!on, of Augusta, Geo., being in lOveTwith.
the same girl, became so very icaloua of each
other, that on the night of the Bth. inst., the Too-
mer drew a knife end killed the latter. •
8137 AUT R - 0132 essE.—A truer from IrYnshirii;
tan states tliat,thli barinico thie Alcorn Swartwoug
to.the olgi'ernaient lias Itcrn 'etinck.ond Unit it is.
$300,000 i'yestred f a milltod. Of this. Mr: S.,
03,11 ho can sutisfactTily show that $230,000 . 4 .
due by arsiabor person.
To Le continued.)
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