:zzaz
CS
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ficettl thclotnesicash prices •
TUE lIIINERSI4OURNAL.
II E I) I '• FAIR,
Al' THE PENNATLYASIA HALL
Thol large cities of this great:,,growing and' glorious
confederacy—with all their regal magnificence and
squalid! • poverty — pleasures and miseries—honesty
and raScality—religion and infidelity—virtue and
vice—their specie paying add non-specie paying
banks-=their charlatans-, quacks, humbugs, and irn
postorsl of any and every deg t —may
, boast of their
soirees, parties, dealls, - mat hurtles," masquerades, the
atres, museums, circusies, zoolligicalinstitates, aqua
tic regattas; civic-inid military tpagearits, and.all the
other . eiceteras whi:ll form stich a captivating arid
intoxicating aggregate. of ain f rsentent and excite
ment ; but,-after all, give us a pair—a Ladies' Fair
—such !a Fair as is got uPin some beautiful inland
Pwn-- . —Poitsville, for instanee.r We had a Fair at
the Peritisyl):ania Hall last we+, got up by some of
the most intellectrial, refined, ladautitul - and romi).g
ladies of our flourishing town, for the most commen
dable of»11 objects. We then 'stated that we should
probably give this week an exitended notice of the
sayings tins doings of that Fai;l arid we now hasten
to redeein the partial pledge vvi gav•e.
'The Fair opened on Thurstl)iy natrning, the 9th
inst., at It) o'clock, A. M. —vve4eVe :o be particular
—and dosed on the Satuid4 evening. following.
The twit bu l ge rooms, on the rnyiltside of the Perm
sylvania". Hall ; were used for th:e occasion, and were
decorated in a s:rnple yet elegant manner; evincing
all that natural, in-born taste and beauty for wlfich
woman. is so reMarkable—no mittter in what station
of life site may, be placed, nor in svhfat chine her des
tiny ma'y call her. The chafideiiers and mirrors
were clothed in nature's roost enticing:drapery, arid,
from the;' ceiling, the ivy arid t.lte ever-green hung
iu graceful festoons. The doors there scarcely opened, -
before (hle.. loutia4 were filled to their utmost - capacity.
The old, he young, and the middle-aged were thei r
—males and females, sw,ethearis and• wives, demo
crats and loc..facoss, matrons unit maids, wives,. and .
widows, trusltands and batchelois.. What just:ings
and •reueontres ! What strairee faces, handsome
faces, and ugly faces! 14' tio i); thin ludo yonder, in all
the gloW of youth, health aid butauty—just budding
forth in all the charms of w• i matfilood-- a thing of
light and:. lover At her side is a' most queenly
figure. She looks as if she h4l sprung from the
mould of Juno. They are eviOntly under the es
cort of Mr. What a luly dog! The heat
IS almost stifling, but still let usi take. a look at Abe
tables, a 0 see wk.) are the fair Merchants. At table,
No. 1, the have Mrs. .1. W• Mts C. H. (of
Port Carlton, we believe.) Nol3, Miss L. No. 4,
Mrs. %V T. No. 5, Miss W. No. 6, Miss
end Mis 4 M. No. 7. 'Miss A. NI and Miss M. No.
A, MN. 11ee. amid rs. No. 0. Mrs G. and Mrs.
E. No. lU, Mrs. M. No. 113 Mrs. Mrs. W.
and Mrs. M. N. 12, Mrs. G.Q.C. W. arid Mrs. J.
No. 13. Miss V. 11. No. 1,5, Miss C. and
Miss IL No. 15, Miss A. andl Miss M. No. 16,
Mrs. C. and Mrs. B. • -
Doting the fist day, nearly all—if.not quite all-L•
the fancyarticles prepared by the v%eie p.;linpt
ly disposed of, and readily cominailded liberal prices.
in the evening i we. visited the fuOrn_4, and our readers
are already aware of the effect pr:eduee.d by beholding,
such a gay, glaricils and gorg,eons group of coirgre
gated beauty, then and there assiimbled :
; •
tVitmltath not proved how feeLly words essay
tii one spark of beauty's 14venly ray
Wholdoth not feel, Until his filing sight '
Faint's into dimness wall its own delight,
Ills ChingiilZ.cheek. his anikilig beau confess
The Might—the majesty of loielmessf
Groups of tiurchase-rs 'were gathered ahaut the se
veral tables in-a delightful stale lof confusion ; some
bargaining with much apparett(eirnestness for the
many br.autiful trifles that weii i e displayed before
them—Some bolting down cakes tad contitures—
some sipping coffee—so tie eating creams and ices—
some flitting—some talking load—some I;,itighing
loud—eyes flashing—heads tossih-g—glatic_s enahan
ging, &4, &r. Let us chaille ihe'tense, take a
ramble through the routes, and !have a gossip with
the fair ones
Ab, Mre. Ff., how :Ore you
- lou."
.4 I wi:th I could retue.n the complimetit."
.4 You are not to eurisresir
4- Sever wus iii earnest Llaug•in4l in my life."
" 'Pi 1, when —"
" Hush !"
" Who is that - lady cooling tills way
"Don't know ; but I du kuut she has a very pru
dish look, and prudery, you are b ware,.
—is beldam,
tieen with wit and bealityt seldom.
'fiti,a virgin hard dill:attire,
Old. - and void of all goodltiature;
Lean and eretful—wouldtseeni wise-- -
Yet -plays the foul before .she dies.
Here is a ,fortunc teller. Shall we tear the veil of
futurity aside, and take, a peeti at. oining 1.% Hits ?
What la-to be,Athis is a recent thscio cry) cannot he
dvoiaea and if disapp•Onttnentlis in store (or us, hy
facing ii, we may rub it of half les sting. The snit
ling goddess who is thus disposing our fates, at only
a levy a I.w4d, is far too beautif{il to be related to the
"Weird Sisters." It is inure than probable that she
is a near relative -of the Wilt° Lady of A'venel.
What a beautiful countenance So full of thought
and feeling !
And on that check, and o'er that brow,
So soft so cahn, yet-elm' JCjit,
The smiles that win, the ti its that glow,
• -But tell of days in goods spent; .
A mind, at peace with all b low,
A heart whose love is ini ocent.
We must Speak to her.
" You see, Miss L.-----, that Saul's exatnple has
not•been lost upon us. We sick to penetrate into
-the mysteries of the future."
Your wishes can be accomplished by the pay
- went of one levy only. Linliktiyou newspaper pub
lishers; I'durt't require tlie:moary in advance."
Ah,.if. you had but one )jear's experience its a
neWspaPer ofti e, feu would tied that your polite.
ness would give way from
" Shall I turn the magic card; I"
Agreed.”
.Now listen : Your life will
py one."
Whom the duds love, die y
.-~w:.,--,..::r-,~ "~M
• r
. 4
••
crt .
o You should never nnerrup a bihyl tinting her
incantanonsAv '
•
‘• Beg pardon."
Well. Now "attend cyerse‘cre and iyou will
overcome all the difficulties that at preSent beset
your path—your future wife will be troubled with
an obliquity of vision, and a fiery temper, to corres
pond with the sanguine color of her hair--,-(this an
nunciation drew from us an audible groan]—a con
sistency. in politics will always mark youricourse—.
ut no very diStantieriod you will go out to the Sand
wich Islands as a missionary—bother groan]—you
will be obliged to dun the subscribers of the Miners'
"Journal frequently before they pay up theirisubscrip
tions—z [very likelyHyou will acquirea'high char
acter for-honesty and integrity, but you will be poor,
very pour— [two groans, one for ourself, and one for
the wife, whose eccentric appearance has been
ded,to]—you will enlarge your paper on the Ist of
January next--(a very witch ofEr.elor, save in youth
and beauty].--7but no-additiunal charge willibe mado
to tie subscribers— [such liberality should ; ever be
held in gratefut remembrance by our patrons]—this
Fair will cost you at least ten dollars—[oh! uh.l. live
subscriptions to our paper]--you
1 . Enim,4,b, Miss, in all comcii nce. Here is the
fee."
A smite and a nod were mutually exchanged, and,
as John Bunyan would say, w,e; went on tiur way
rejoicing." But had we any cause to rejoice? Ten
dollars, indeed !
What a crowd there is about "N 0.7." ' There
is Mi,s N— dispensing her smiles and
goods v‘ith a grace peculiarly witching.
ller brow is white and high, her cheeks' pure dye
• Like twilight rovy still with the set sun ;
Short upt.er op—sweet lips! that make us sidlr
Ever to have seen such; for sheNs ono
Fit fur the model of a statuary. .
io Ah, Mr. B—, you here, too."
" Of course. • Where.else could I be ?"
Hot—is'n't ?" ‘•
Very." I,
It produces a singularly unnatural thirat,"
Will you take a drink !"
OP water 1"
Certainly."
chiobfied or unquahGt
Qu-unqualdied :t"
Allons. But hold. Who have we here"!
She shone all smiles, and seemed to flatter
Mankind vi an her black eyes for looking at her.
k iy impossible to resist those glances, There
must be a giving of notes instead of taking them
here. Oh, Mal ten dollars !"
The fortune teller was half right. Port Carbon
would_ certainly make a most desirable residence.
We left the rooms, and soon after our nose was
buried in a glass of ice-water. Pure, delightful,
sparkling beverage ! Doctor Sangrado was right.
after all. Is there any drink to equal water—genu
ine, uoadulterated spring water?—in the marnigg,
of course.
Mahoinet proved himself to be not only an 'impos-
Mr but a brute, when he asserted that the daughters
of Ellie had no souls. They have souls, and "their
sours are frequently encased in forms the most at
tractive and bewitching. What a contrast to the
lords of the creation ! He-fellows, in breeches, that
drink cobblers, juleps, and slings—that then, snuff
aud smoke-land pick their teeth after dinner. In
looking at a group of the fair and beautiful, one has
sometimes strange and queer thoughts. They can
not be represses. Take the group—that's hardly
the proper word—we have just left. A few, short
years, and what a change will come over the spirit,
of their dreams' What a change Hill be wrought
in their personal appearance ! Many of them are
but just verging into womanhood. They are enter
ing into the gay, busy and'^bustling scenes of this
life with hearts beating in unison with high and buo
yant hopes. How lovely this wicked world Of ours
appears to them, filled as at is with every species of
deceit., corruption and rascality. Not thefir& view
of the
. Promised laud to the panent.and lung suffering
Israelnes—ridt the rich and fertile plains of Italy,
when first they met the ardent gaze r..:( the Ccirsican
Chief, after, he had passed the Alps—not Ithaca,
when first its rugged shoresirroke upon the delighted
vision of the Godlike Ulysses, after his long.absence
—looked half so beautiful, half so inviting, as the
dawning protepect of this life appears to those gay
and innocent creatures. They leek at life through
a filse and deLeptive shade. • The tottleur c 4 ruse
tints the surrounding.bbjects. All is bright yet soft,
brilliant yet mellow. The most rough and forbid
ding landscapes arc changed into fl iwery meado; and
even the two-legged aiale descendants of our first ,
parents seem to them purged and purified, until the
leaven of Old Adam is no longer a part and parcel
of their-nature. It's delusion ; but are we not all
more or less deluri , ed, from the prince to the peasant
We said a change Would ere long be wrought the
personal appearance •of that lovely group. Those
flowing Irks and clustering curls hill soon be win- -
toned witlithe frosts of age. Those smooth, maul
fled brows, will soon a1i0...7 the effects of care and
anxiety, of trouble and disappointment, and the
marks of Father Time himself—that relentle.iis old
villaui ! Those glowing orbs—...,the mirrors of the
soul—will 'soon lose their fire and eloquence. The
beautifully -chiselled nose, the well formed mouth—
now wreathed in smiles—the dimpled chin; will
soon become misshapen, and loose all traces of their
present loveliness. Those buoyant and elastic:lolms
—those steps, Finn, }et light, graceful and ,agile,
must soon give place to the feebleness and hapless
ness of accumulated and accumulating years. ~Vani
ty of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities;
all is vanity. What profit .bath a man of all his
labor which he taketh under the sun? Gne 'gene
ration passed) away, and another generation cometh:
but the earth abideth fur ever." But this is digres
sing with a vengeance. The o previous 'quSkn"
mast be,called, and we must return to our d
• We gave the reader some idea of the occurrences
of the first day of the fair. The seem] day ;there
was a slight falling off in thO number of visitorS, and
consequently in the amount of . business transacted.
There was a rally the next day ; and thefinedS, that
evening, passed off in the most agreeable manner.
We were present when the last of that gay throng
retired. We watched their retreating forms until
they were lost in the perspective ; listened to ! their
merry laugh until all was hushed and silent l ., and
the'n but we had better cut 'short this article.
Its already too long. • •
Deligh
COE
ECM
.
ItAsii.--A violent and unprincipled partisan PM,
tor in Tennessee had the hardihood to aasertL just
before the eleftion, Wet if a majority of the people
could be prevailed,on to vote for-Gov. Polk he syould
he elected 'Pltutiblushing effrontery ammo of
Irmo political editors is enough to make a horse
•
b a short, but a bap-
MN
r _ . - --
"I wilitench you to piereetbe bo4s of tbe Eaith,and bring out from theCavernu of Mountaine,Metale which will give strength toour an 4 sand subjeetall Natureto ourusea4dpleasure".—Dn•Jouticuri
VOL. XVII.
AND POTItS.VILIL4E GENEII.IAL ADVER4ISER.
*lireekly by Benjalmin ilannan Tilottsithe Scbtiylkill ouilti, Oennsyll;ani
SATURDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER IS. 'IS4I.
t)obblcbcbons.
Oh there's a time. a happy time,
When a boy's just Italia man:
When ladies may kiss him without a crime,
And flirt withf him like a lan;
When mamma With herdaughters will leave him alone,
II he will only seem to fear them;
While, were lien man, or a little more grown,
They would never let him come near them.
These, Lilly! these wet e the days when you •
Were my boyhood's earliest flame—
When I thought it an honor to tic your shoe,
And trembled Ito bear your name ;
When I scarcely ventured to take a kiss,
Though, your lips seemed half to incite me;
put, Lilly!! soon got over this,
When I kissed—and they did not bite me.
Oh! those were gladsome and fairy times,
And our hearts were then in the spring,
When I passed dry nights in writing you rhymes,
And my days in heiiring vou sing.
And don't you remember your mother's dismay,
%% hen she found in your drawer my sonnet;
And the beautiful verses I wrote one day,
On the ribbon that hung from sour bonnet I
And the seat we made by the fountain's gush,
V, lime your tank you went to say.
And. how 1 lay under the holly bush
Till your governets went away; •
And how when top tong at your tank you sat
Or whenever a kiss 1 wanted,
I'd bark like a dog, or mew like a cat,
Till she deem:4 that the place wars-haunted?
And do yon not, love, remember the .days,
When 1 dressed you for the play;
When I pinned your ler( Inef, and laced your stays,
In the neatest and tidiest way ?
And do you forget the ktss you gave,
When I tore my hand with a pin,
And how you wondered the men would not shave,
- The beard from their horrible chin?
And do you rementher thegattlen wall
I clutad up every ni_ht;
And the racket we made in the servants' hall,
When the wind had blown out the light—
When Sally got up in her petticoat,
And John came out in his Olin,
And I silenced her with a guinea note,
And blinded him with a squirt?
And don't you remember the hptrible bite
I got Iron, the gardener's dog,
When John let her out of her kennel for spite,
And she , seized me in crossing the bog ?
And how you wept when you saw my blood,
And sumber'd me wit h Love's martyrs—
And how iou helped me mit of the mud, •
By tying together your garters?
But, Lilly !now . I am grown a man,
And those days are all gone by,
And Fortune ina).give you the best she can,
And the brightest destiny;
But 1 wouldtive every hope and joy
That my spirit may taste again,
That I once more were that gladsome boy,
And that you were as young as then. '
Message from the President of the United States,
returning, tl•ilh his objections, the Bill " to Pro
vide for the better collection, safe -keeping, and
Di.n i ur s nzetit of the Public Revenue, by means
ofq Corporation, to,be styled the. Fiscal Corpo
raltan,ty the. United States." SEPT AM FIER 9,1841.
the House of Representatives ofthe U. S.
It is with extreme regret that I feel myself co.'•
strained, by the 'duty faithfully to execute the office
of President of the Vatted States, and to the best of
my ability to preserve,'proteet and defend the Con:
solution of the U. Staten; n return to the House in
which it originated, the hill "to provide for the bet..
ter collection, sate-keeping anichlishur.ement of the
public revenue, by means of a corporation, to be sty
led the. Fiscal Corporation ár the United States,"
with my written objections. -
In my message sent to the Senate on the'Hith day
of August last, icturning the hill t• to Mewl - wale
the subscribers to 'the Fiscal Bank of the Unrtcd
Stater," I distinctly declared that my own opinion.
had been uniformly proclaimed to be against the
exercise "of the peover of Congress to create a Na
tional Hank to operate per se over the Union ;" and
entertaining that opinion, my main objection to
that hill was based upon the highest moral and reli
gious obligations of conscience and the Constitution.
I readily admit, that whilst the qualified veto
with which the Chief Majistrate is invested, should
be regarded, and was intended by the wise men
who made it a part of the Constitutior, au a great
conservative principle of our system, without the ex-
ercise of which, on important occasions, a mere
representative majority might urge the Government
in its legislation beyond the limits .ixed by its fra.
mere, or might exert its just powers too hastily or
oppressively ; yet, it is a power which ought to be
most cautiously exerted, and perhaps never; except
In a case imminently involving the public interest,
or one in which the oath of the President, acting
under his cunvictions, huth mental and moral, un•
periously requires its exercise. In such a case he
has no alternative.
Ile most either exert the negative power intros.
ted to him by the Constitution chiefly for its own
preservation. protection and defence, or commit an
uct ofgross moral turpitude. Mere regard to the will
of a majority must not, in a constitutional republic
like outs, control this solemn and sacred duty of a
sworn (Juicer. The Constitution itself I regard and
cherish, as the embodied and written will of the
whole People. of the United States. It is their fixed
and fundamental law, which 'they unanimou.ly
pre:.cribe to the public functionaries—their mere
trustees and servants.
- This, their will, rind the law which they have
given us as the rule of our action, has no guard, no
guarantee of preservation, protection ar.d defencr,
but tire oaths Which: it prescribes to the public offi
cers, the sanctity with ti (`rich they shall religiously
observe those oaths, and the patriotism with which
the people shall shield it by their own sovereign
will, which has made the Constitution supreme. It
must be exerted against the will of a mere repre
sentative majority, or nut at all.
It is alone in pursuance of that' will that any
measure can reach the President; and to say that
because a nu. jority in Congress have passed a bill,
the President shall therefore sanction it, is to abro
gate the power altogether,. and 0.0 render its inser
tion in the Constitution a work of absolute super.
crogation. The duty is to guard the fundamental
will of the people themselves from (in this case I
a/mit unintentional) change or infraction by a ma
jority in Congress. ' And in that light alone do I
r gard the constitutional duty which I now most
reluctantly discharge.
Is this bill now presented fot my approval or
disapproval, such a bill as I have already declared
could nut receive my sanction ? Is It such a_bill as
calls for the exercise of the negative power under
the Constitution? Dues it violate the Constitution,
toy creatin•g a natiothiLl bank, to operate per se over
the Union 7 Its title in the first place describes its
general character. It is "An act to provide for
the better collection, safe-keeping and disbursement
of the public revenue, by means of a corporation, to
be styled the Ftbeal Corporation of the U. S.
sty I( , then, it is plaMly national in its character.
Its powers, functions, and duties, are those
• w hich pt rtain to the eolleting,keeping, and' disbar.
sing the public reSenue. The means by which
' these are to be excited is a corporation, to be styled
the Fiscal Corporation of the United States. It is
a corporation created by the Congress of the United
States, in the character of a National Legislature for
the whole Union, tM perform the stsca. purposes,
meet the FISCAL wants and exigencies, supply the
ft:cst. uses; and exert the FISCAL agencies of the
Treasury of the DnUed States. Such is its own de
scription of itself. Do its provisions contradict - its
Ode T 7 hey do note
It is true, that by lite first section, it provides that
it shall bo mtublisheid in the District of Columbia,
but the amount of its capital—the manner in which
its stock is to in pubscribed" for anti jitisj...-the per
--. - mac---a•
-- ~=-~~=~ = --.- `~ , .~•~t.;cs~ ~~Y , ~ - __- eai:-4;,
_-c-~ fa- - z~-'~:zrxc-:.~~•.~~rxc'--^:-a~c:..~ , z
VETO MESSAGE.
• - 6 -
•
• q
• "'•-"r11
4" j r4
ye 44 : „Mb) A 2. •
"
c•r4...., . 0 eh
sons, bodies, corporate and politic, by whom its
s ock may be held—the appointment of its direc
tory, and their powers and duties—its fundamental
articles, especially that to establish agencies In any
part of the Union—the corporate powers and busi
ness of such agencies—the prohibition ofG‘mgreas
to establish any other crirporation with similar pow
ers for twenty years, with express reservation in
the same clause, to niudify or create any bank for
the District of - Columbia, suthat the aggregate cap
ital shall riot exceed five millions; without enumer
atin other fcatures•which are equally distinctive arid
characteristic, clearly show that it cannot be ri gard
ed as other than a Bank of the Umted State, with
powers Eceniingly more limited than have hereto
fore been granted to such an institution.
lt.operates per se over the Uuiun by virtue of the
unaided, and, in my view, assumed authority of
Congress as a National Legislature, as distinguish.
able from a bank created by Congress for the Dis
trict of Columbia, as the local Legislature of the
District. Every United States Bank heretolbre
cruiled has had power to deal in bills of exchangr,
as well as local discoubte. Both were trading priv
ileges 'conferred, and both, exercised, by virtue of
the aforesaid power of Congress over the whole Um
oA, The question of power remains unchanged,
without ieferenee to the extent of privilege granted.
If this pi upb.-ed Corporation is to be regarded as
a local bank of the District of Columbia, invested
by Congress with general pow era to operate over
the Union, it is obnoxious to still stronger objec
tions. It assitioes that Congress may invest a local
institution with getotnal or national' poweis. ith
the same propriety that it may du this in regard to
a bait'k of th.e. Disti let of Columbia, it may as to a
State Bank. Yetikho eau indulge the td,a that
this Gto,ternincnt can rig by making ti State
bank its &cal agent s invest U with llio.abbtAule and
ungoulitied power:. cunlerred Ly this ball 11
%Viieo I , c uti ni hi lo o k at the detail., of the Lill
they du nut reconhilerni it strongly to my adult? tun.
A bn t notice ut sonic of its prosisions
First. It may justify') substantially a sy.tclit ut
discounts of the must übj,cuutiable character. It
is to deal in biilts exchange tlrau.'n in u..e Stale
and payable in another, v, &tricot any re,tra
bill Ed exchange may liavu ateutillinited Owe to
run, and its renewability is rio where guarded
against. It /clay, 10 fact, assume the most °flee
tionable form of accommodation paper. It is not
req iireti to rest on any actual, real, or substantial
exchange basis—a drawer in one plaeo becomes
the acceptor in another, and so on. in Um: the acceptor
may become the drawer, upon a mutual understan
ding. It may, at the seine hint, indulge in mere
local discount under the name of' bills of exchange.
A bill drawn at Philadelphia on Camder., New
Jersey ;at New York on a border town iii New
Jersey ; at Cintnnitati on New port, Kentucky, nut
to multiply other examples, might, for any thing in
this bait) restrain u, become anicre matter of local
CILICtI IiIUS relatively situated
accumniodation
would possess advantages over cities otherwise
hated, of so decided a character as most justly to cz.
cite dissatisfaction
:/d. There to 110 limit prescribed to the premium
in the put chub° of btila of exchange; het eh) , Cor-
reefing nom of the evils under which the commu
nity now Mors, and uperating most injuriously up.
on the agricultural Statctf, in which the inequality
in the rates of exchange .are must severely kit.
Nor are these the only consequences
lion of specie payments by the banks of th. se State,,
would be liable to indefinite postponement ;tor as
the operation of the agencies of the tote. tor would
chiefly consist in settling bills of exchange, and
the purchases could only be made in specie or in
notes of banks paying specie, the State hunks would
either have to continue with' their doors closed, or
exist at the merry this national monopoly of
brokerage.
Nur can it be passed over without remark, that
whilst the District of Columbia is made the treat of
the principal bank, au citizens are excluded from
all participation in any benefit it might afforo, by
positive prohibition of the Bank lrom all diacoutiiing
-4;
within theDistriet:
, These are some of the objections which prom'
nentli , eaint against the details of the bill ; others'
might be`targed, of much force, but it would be un
profitable to . dwell upon them: suffice it to add, that
this charter is designed to continue fur twenty years
without a competitor: that the defects to which I
have alluded being found in the fundamental law of
the Corporation, are iinqueable ; and that iT the ob
jections be well mended, it yrould be over iniurcious
to pass the bill into a
In conclusion, I take leave 'most respectfully to
ea} , that I have felt the most anxiouaseilicitude to meet
the wishes of Congress in the adoption of a Fiscal
Agent, which, avoiding all constitutional objections,
should harmonise conflicting opinions• Actuated
by . this feeling, I have been ready to yield . touch, in
u spirit of conciliation, to the opinions of others ; and
it is with great pain that I now feel compelled to dit:
ler trove Congress a second time in the baffle sea-.
810 E.
At the commencement of this session,inclined from
choice to defer to - the legislative will, I submitted to
,Congress the propriety of adopting a Fiscal Agent
which, without violating the Constitution, would
separate the public moneys from the Executive con
trol, perform the operations of the Treasury, without
being hurthensome lathe People, or inconvenient, or
expensive to the Government. It is deeply to IN it
gretted that this Pepartment of the Government can
not, upon constitutional and other grounds, concur
with the Legislative Department in tins last meas
ure romped to attain this desirable object.
Owing to the brief space between the period of the
death of my lammed predecessor, and my own in
siallation into oilier:, 1 was, in tact, not lett time to
prepare and submit a definitive recommendation in
my own regular int.ssage; and since, my !mod has
been wholly occupied in a must anxious attempt to
conform my action to the Legislative tall. In this
connimmeation„ I um corifined by the Constitution
to my o:ijections, simply to this bill, but the period of
the regular seSston will soon arrive, when it trill be
my duty under another clause of the Constitution,
.• to give to Congress information of the Slate of the
Onion, and recommend to their consideration such
measures as shall judge necessary and ex,pedient.'
And I must reepectfully submit in a spirit o f har.
mony, whether the present differences of opinion
should be preseed further at this time, and whether
the peculiarity of my situation does nut entitle me
to a postponement of this subject io a more ausinei.
ous period ibr deliberation.
The two Houses of Congress have distinguished
themselves at this extraordinary session, by the per
formance of an immense mass of labor at a season
very unfavorable both to heiiith and action, and have
passed many laws which I trust will-prove hig:ily
beneficial to the interest of the country, and fully an
swer its just expectations.
It has been my good fortune and pleasure to con
cur with them in all inea;ures except this, and why
should our difference on this alone be pushed to ex
tremes I It is my anxious desire that they should
not be. I to have been burdened with extraordina
ry labors of late, and I sincerely desire tim e f or d eep
and deliberate reflection on This,
the greatest
culty of my administration. May we not now
pause until a inure favorable time, when, with the
most anxious hope that the Executive and Congress
may cordially unite. some measure of finance may
be deliberately adopted, promotive of the good of our
common country.
I will take this occasion to declare, that the con
clusions to which I have brought myself are those of
a settled conviction, founded, in my opinion, on a
just view of the Constitution: that, in arriving at it,
I have been actuated by no other desire than to up
hold the institutions of the country as they have
come down to us from the !muds of our gad like an
cestors ; and that I shall esteem my efforts to sustain
them, even though I perish, more honorable than to
win_the applause of men by a sacrifice of my duty
and my conscience. JOHN TYLER.
WIIINgTON, September 9, 1941.
~, ~r ~
Eiprecb on the ("tariff
Extract from a speech on the Tariff in the House
of Representatives of CoogreSs, Janutr . q 31,
OE
The great excellence of this system has been, that
while it raised funds to enable us to tal the debts of
the nation, no man could say that hte,rneans were
limited in the smallrat d. glee by its operation. The
profits of the laborer e nbt dintini,hed, nor did his
labor yield less. This system, then, not only fur-
nista:J . l2s tho funds to pny 1)..31 debt.,, but, in the Ve
ry operation of raising these funds, enriched the
people. This had 1301'11 its greatest virtue. That
_this is so, I appeal directly to the people; I ap
peal to my immediate cwistituents, and I put to
them this question, what were the years of your
greatest prosperity ? To this question but une
wer cum be given ; and that will be, the yeara in
which the highest duties num laid, alai the largeat
amount of revenue collected. Go, sir, to every far
tiler, every mechanic, every manufacturer, and to cv,
c•ry day 1ab....n2r, and put tlj.s quc•elioa to him, and
you will receive this answer. Look, sir, over the
lace of this wide extended country. The enlur,;Ld
improvements, the farm houses, %111,,ges, Towns, and
cities, which have sprung tip as if by encipitaleilt,
within the period of these years, which catch the
eye at a Very point, bland ail living and loatittg mon-
ufnents of the truth of this pu.itiun. Whin, In the
hiatury of this cuuutry, hag there but:ii, in the :aria
space of time, any thing hike au tqual increase in im
provements and prosperity ? Look auto the Wittily
of other nations, and no cx.auip:o can be found 1.1
equal advance in the waren of civilization and gener
al prosperity. I then uak, shall wo bo precipitated
in changing, a ssskin which has dune so much for
One to which we are 6 J hugely indebted?
One which has made us 1 . 41 and happy as individ
uals, and prosperous:- and Independent as a natiuti!
Above all, shall we exchange this 13) ctent for that
miserable one which dunk this country into that state
of poverty and bankruptcy Irons which it le just now
emerging 2 I ask gentlemen to pauf.e—l entre) t i
thou, to reflect before they proceed to this work of
destruction . ; for, sure I tun that they who do 'the
deed will be held responsible Ly an iijurcd
and an offended community
If this bill passes, it will atTect the labor and in
dustry of thousands of our citizens. It wil reduce
them to want and poverty. Tiny will be left desti
tute ef.einployment, and thrown into a state of idle
:tess, one of the worst conditions of man. These
peoli!t; STO BOW happy and pri.ipi roue. fly their la
bor, from day to day, obicli is their own capital,
they are earning, by the stsengtlL 4 of their arms, and
skill of their hands, a comfortable subsi.tence. Th. y
are educating their children, arid thuo preparing them
A resunip
to be useful and. honorable members of society, to
tuke their places when they are removed from this
scene of in•iustry and action. Blot trim existence
all the maautacturing cstablishinents of the country ;
scatter abroad the many millions of capital now cm-
ployed in them ; compel that capital to seek other
channels of employment ; throw the many thousands
of people now employed in manufacturing business
upon the world, destitute alike of menus and employ. '
ment, and I ask, bow greaeTwill be the shock ?
Why, Sir, no just estimate can be formed—no month
of business will be beyond its reach.- No business so
high, perfect, and secure, se not to be effected by it;
and none so low as•net still to be pressed lower.—
Chsoge of employment, both of capital and labor, is
always attended with greater or less loss. In this
case all employments, m err including that of the far
mer. will be rile paralyzed that neither capital nor la
bor nil! find profitable employment. It will sacrifice
millions of money, and blast the hopes and mar the
prospects of thousands of our people. The manu
facturers will no longer want the wheat, the flour,
'veer, bacon, and other products of the farmer. lie
will no longer want buildings erected, foundations
dug, or meths which give much employment, and
furnish a valuable market ; all of which are now paid
for at high prices. The farmer and laborer u ill no
tenger be enabled to get those things which he needs
for himself and his family, in exchange for his com
modities and labor. The only market the farmer
now has will be destroyed. No man can for a mo.
ment doubt that the prosperity'of the country must
rapidly decrease. under this depression of these great
and vital interests.' The truth of this representation_
appears to me as clear and indubitable as the exis
,tence of matter itself. Much :has been said uhout
monopolies. Pass this bill, sir, and then we in ill have
monopolies . which are to be feared, which confer no
benefits, give no employments, but are enriched sole
ly by the distresses of the poor; granting them no
relief, but, by taking their property for less than One
tenth of its cost. I mean, sir, the men of capital, who
never buy but from him who is forced to sell,
The manufacturers are not now before us asking
for further pretection: they only desire that they
may be permitted to enjoy the benefits of the exist
ing laws; of laws which brought their lusincss into
existence; of lavis in the faith of which their money
war invested and labor employed. I hate already
said that their calculations have been made so as to
conform to these laws. The nation stands pledged
that they shall enjoy the promised : Protection. It
would be unjust now to withdraw it I changes in le
gislation-ere always injurious ;in this instance they
would be ruinous. it is time that we should have
arrived at something like stability in our actions.
:Ouch has been said on the subject. of free trade..
We purN import Many millions more than we export.
his is a constant drain upon us. It takes our spe
cie out of the country. Our importations, under all
the duties which have been imposed, are much too
great. We now admit foreign goods into our ports,-
under moderate duties, while Great• Britain prohibits
most of the valuable productions of our country from
entering into her ports. Many foreign Uoveinments
now impose heavier duties upon our productions
than we do upon theirs ; and we are urged Co re
duce our duties still lower. To do this', would be in
judicious and unwise on our part, while other Gov
ernments retain their rigid rules •of prohibition
against us. This has not the semblance of fi l m
trade in its character. It is free on our part, and
prohibition on theirs. There is no reciprocity in it.
Great -lintani never - has adopted, towards us, the
policy which we are now urged to adopt in regard to
the whole world. She very wisely makes her laws
for herself, and for her . people, and not for ua or our
people. She doe& not now, and never has bought
from us because we bought from her. She never
has, and, I. hazard the assertion, she never will -adopt
that principal as the rule of he r action towards us.
-She takes our products when she can profit by it; or
when compelled by the necessities of her people.
NO. 33
11 I'
JOHN BANKS.
~~_~};
,» .
She ceases to take them as soon as she can do bets'
ter • o r w irn 11 4 necessity Mites. With whiit reit , "
son can it nowt tie urgesk,aum us to open our ports'
to foreign importations under these circumstances
Our legislationlsheuld such as ter meet tho Wants
of our petple., We shoutd,guard,atid protect the
, rights of the people and interests ui the nation against
the irttlueuct. and t Jr, toteign legisfation.l, 1 his
tfeam to he one of our Millis st and most toil:tenant
duties.' Whelk other thilernint tits open their purls
to out products, it will then he time fur us tenupen
ours to theirs.
The free trade policy is designed and well calcula
ted to misldad the people. It is addressed to n de
sire that is very, prevalent-in a mat, T —tho desire of
obtaining the largest port Min of goods he can in
change fur ;hit ho bus to.gise. The friends. Of tree
trade say, hit us buy where we please, and 'where we
can.buy cheapest; and this - s called free trade, Mr.
Chairman, indtilge me riinert time, while I briefly
examine this doctrine. 'have already shown that
to destroy the Manufacturing interests of the coup
try is to destroy ' the only market which our farmers
now have. This being done, lot us adopt the free
trade sytem. Lot the Larne, take a cargo of his ag
ricultural products to a foreign market and go to the
foreign merchant and offer him his best w heat, Whi
test flour, best beef and bacon, in eictiango for, his
goods, ho will be told that he cannot obtain the ex
change, much lees sell them fur money; and, in sumo
instances, he would not he permitted to- enter with
his products into a "finish port, under penalty of ,
confiscation. This, Fir, is the right, and also, the
benefit of free trade; and what right dues it, vie to
the farmer ! It, to be sure, gives hi n the right to
buy where he pleases; but. iu giving him this right,
it totally destroys his ability to buy. It gives him a
rizia, without any corresponding benefit. I feel Welt
assailed that no farmer who once tries this expert
went w i ll be much, pleased with free trade.
For argument sake, let us suppose that this free
trade rytem could : eecure the foreign market; hOw
wt uld it operate on, the farmer; mechanic and labo
rer I Vl hen the farmer sells his produce, ltd has
always to deduct the cost of transportation to market
fr,,tu tht price. The meek:hen% who gives him for it,
is excLang'e, articles of foreign manufacture, always
adds the cost of their transportation to the pfito
whit 'a he charges for them; so that the farmer has to
p,,,y for cariymg the produce of his farm to the for
eie,n market, and also fog bringing the foreign arti
cle to his own door. Every farmer, in his own ex
perience, knows this to be so. It is always so. Wo'
may add to this the pr lit Which each one must hasp
through whose hands the foreign goods pass. All
this expense and charge Ia borne by the 'farmer who
consume:, the foreign article of fabric. I then sub
mit to intelligent men to say whether these costs and
charges .would not operate more heavily upon them
than any duties which have ever been I kid by this
Government. Idu insist, sir, that they would be
the heaviest tax ever paid by the people of this coun
try. It would operate severely upon all, but patticu
tarty so upon those who live in the interior of thin
country; fur from market, and this distance land tram- -
poi-union. Many agricultural products are so bulky
as not to admit of transportation to a distant market.
Destroy the home market, anal the farmer Would find
no sale for ileac articles. And, 'what is strange,
these free trade gentlemen all oppose every measure
calculated to I:imitate or cheapen transportation, by
means of roads or canals. flow are the evils which
I have atuted to La avoided or removed ! Adopt u
policy which will erect in eve neighborhood
manufacturing establishmenL IM will furnish the
farmer with a market. Ho &in take 'his produce
Inure, and get in exchange for it, those articles ivhich.
he needs. Ho then saves all cost of transportation,
which, when paid, is a clear loss to him. In saving
this, he will Save more than any duty ever laid by
any of our laws would amount to on the articles he
consumes.
Phe coriLost is really one between the -labor of our
citizens and that of foreigners, particularly of Great
Britain. The question which is presented is this:
Shall we protect the labor of our citizens, or shall we,
support toot of the people of Great Britain I She
protects her own labor by her laws. Her people
tire customers to none but their own laborers. Our
laborers find no market there. Shall we become .
c u s tomers to her labor also, or shall we be customers
to our own, and protect our own I ,Shall we, by our
legislation, force our hatters, tanners, shoemakers,
tailors, cabinet makers, and the entire list of our me- ,
ebonies, into a market, to compete with labor that
c rats but nine pence a day I mean the pauper labor
of England This would, indeed, be a must unequal
contest; a contest which would not be of long du.
ration, or of doubtful character. It would, indeed,.
be most disastrous to our laboring people. It would
reduce this most valuable end very ntinierous class
of citrzuns from the present high and honorable place
which they now so deservedly hold in society, down
upon a level wi,h the most degraded and enslaved
populatiim upon the face of the earth:
Who are these citizens Chit are thus to he handed
over to misery and degradation! Sir, permit me to,
say 'hey arc our farmers, manufacturers, toechanics,,,
and laborers, many of whom are men of the highest
moral and political worth ; men of the finest intel
lectual attainments; men fried for the highest eta-
tons in this Government. They may emphatically
be called.e.o bone ant: sinew" of the countrV.--,
They ore the men that support the Government by
their money in time of peace, and they aro the men
who stand forth, as strong towers of defence to the
country in time of .wur. Three are the n:en who, by
this bill, arc to be postponed to the pauper lab krcof
England. Those who viers to produce - this effect
by their votes may do so; I must lie permitted Co'
say that cannot go with them. It Would ha trench-1
mous to the trust reposed in me if I did nor resist
this bill. It is the farmer and mechanic that I rep.
reeseni here. They ore my neighbors. It i 3 Whit
them, sir, that I have rho pleasure to associate, whew
at home; and theirs are the interests which I shall
support, advocate, and defend, while lam honorert
with a seat here, or have the privilege of raising my!
voice in this hail:
A few words more and I have done.. The -proo.l
penny of the people of this country depends almost
entirely upon ourpgrieulture. It is froth that source
that we draw the largest portion of those thine
which are necessary to sustain life, as well as thesci
which contribute to our highest comforts end most
substantial ebjny inents. bet us thee guard well the
capital and labor that is employed in the cultivatiod
of the 'soil. Let us secure to this labor and Skill the
most ern* returns end rich rewards. Agriculture
may well be said to be the foundation of fill other
pursuits: on this they mainly depend for support aid'
success. It is so now, and must necessarily confide
ue to be so. It iv our duty to lay a foundation firm
ly; without this is done, manufactures, commiree,
and the arts. 'weer can flourish. Withdraw froth
agriculture that protction which is necessary for its
support, and they will all languish and die; they
sink into one common grave.
This protective policy hoes most auspicious influ4
enco upon themorals of the people, it stimulated to
habits of industry. The practip of virtue is always
in proportion to the industry of the people. An in
dustrious people is arty sys a healthy, peaceful, intl+
pendent, wad virtuous people. In proportion to the
prevalence of industry , intelligence, and virtue among
the people, will the coniinunity which they cempesn
ever rise . in wealth; influence, dignity, and . power.
The history of every:ballot:l furnishes obunciaut .esla
idence of the truth of this fact. It also beide equally
good to individuals as it &Rabe corneuunities:Nn4
wherever you find the people contract habits* lel&
Tess, you will find them dinsipated, - mkemblO,dearn
ded and enslaved, wholly unfit to discharge the
propriatu duties of good citizens in a iree Govetlor