' ----77— `` . "7" . - 17 ‘ --
, - , '1
';-, ' - ";77.:"-- - ;,'. -= -: - -•
Two DOLLARS per nnum, payably semi•annpal in
advance. If lot pall ithiit the, year, jg . bp w ill b e
charged. .. - ---1,.7:---,_,-. - • ...,•,..-,......-
i4rTaimg,delixel :, 14 fiaC1 : 1 1 7 1 4.U 1 5.4, 1 4 -
ed 2.5 centeeitra.
~ , i •• .
' Advertisements - eat exceedhirtatilire irnen , will - be:
charged*: for three ' dens-mind Alicentsfonene:
insertion. , Larger 30:11n„,
oem i n,,. ,
izt
~
All ddrertismentiti Ihe thsertaa' datil iitiiiiivid • ul
un less the time for ar ich*thiis ninth infeontittited in
spee ffiedoted.will be hargetinticordingtr...,: . V. .
Yeuly advertisete: ilk he.chargel .$ll per annsia ., .
i e einding subseiipteiti taii`"the paper= - •With - alleprivllege
of keeping Ina advert -mew not exceeding '2 squarer
standing donne they . coed the inaertioo of a smaller
one an each. paper :for. • - successive times. , • ri
All lettentaddres -, to.the editor pout be poit pai d
otherwise di attend will will bequild to them. '
Alt notices for .. - .• nge. dtc. and other notices which
have heretofore ..... inserted gram will be 4barged
25 cents each. except . triages and Deaths.
, Garde. Bills of lading and
sr.ription, neatly printed at this
prices.
;07. Painvddets. ' .
fkredbiUs of every d
Office at the loweg
THE Pill LADE
Plll4 & SUSQUEIII ti N&
OPPOSITION LINE.
TRI•W F EKLY
BY
AND
NEW POST COACHES.
Via. Reading; •Pott.roiie, Port Carbon
Cooper's, Shamoktn, Sunbnry,
Nort4mberland, and
61.1tawissa.
jQ THROUGit BY DA Y-LIGHT.JII
Subscribers having mad e arrangements to
A ' form this route in connection with the Daily
Line of Potl, Shoerier, Finney. 4 , Co. on its arrival
in Pottsville from Philadelphia. for the purpose of
transporting passedgers from Philadelphia to the
Susquehanna, through the SHAMOKIN COAL Ftemm,
have hailed a Tri-Weekly Line of Stages, to leave
Pottsville on
IY3, W EON ESD AYS, ♦ND FRIDAYS,
immediately on the arrival of the Philadelphia Op
p..gitioil Line. at . 3 o'clock,,atid proceed to COOP
Ell., where two lines will branch off; one going to
SltA MOIL'S, where in will arrive at 8 o'clock, and the
picaugers after sleeping 'here. will arrive at-Pr-ice's
ii;tei, in SUNBURY. and Lee's lioirl,at
Loin, early next meratne, In Uwe to take the Pick
et Boats. .
inherl'route from Cooper's, will proceed to
Brody's Wel, at CiATTAWI..A, where it will arrive
likewise at 8, ti clock. in time to take the Coach in
Illoorn.hurg, , Rerwick, and Towanda.
RErUßNlNU,lpaasengers will leave Noarimm-
Beata ND at 14 1 0'cloclk in the morning, and the Depot
°line PortsVit.ut Odd DANVILLE RAIL ROAD at Sun,
bury at hall inst. 9j proceed to SHAMOKIN ter dinner
and arrive the RUUD evening at POTT.VILLic
From CATTAWISsIA Returning. pasi.engeiN will
leave a t 9 A. 11,1,. dine a t Coupe's', and rtiaeh Porre.
Mi
VILLE to 'ka :et : the next morning's Oppetaitior.
Coach to Philadelphia.
RATES OF P.A_RE.
From Phtl,d'a. (hrcrto Northumbet land, Km
" do. .do to CattllWlSSa l 6,0 11
" POttsyttle tE Spohns',.(Broad Mt..) SO
do to Cooper's, 7.5
do to Shamokin, L,50
" 'do to Sunbury, via. Pottsstille v2s
& Danville R R
do' to Northumberland, 2,50
do to Cat ta w issa, 1,75
J.W0.8 KRAM & Co. Shamokin.
JOSEPH 11 MEL & Co Pottsville.
,JOSEPH PAX ros & Co. CattOwisso
RO HOE TV RS.
For seats in Philadelphia, apply at Sanderson'.
Hotel, 4th St., Mount Vernon 6House, 2d St., Con
great, 11 a 11. '.3d St.; United States Hotel and Marshall
Hou.e, Ch nut Street.
ID" Adel y line will. shortly be eittablished on the
above rout
Puttsvillei. June 29
- EXCHOIGE HOTEL,
POTTsvILLE
II iliiana G. Johnson"
-, : HkS taken this commodious establish
17 uv occupied by Joseph Weaver,
A
~., , me,. reoen
Esq. AD me '• National Hotel," cower of Centre and
Callowhill ntreeta, sad has materially improved it.:
arrangetnent for!the accommodation of customers.
The situation is pleasant and central, being contig
uous to the Poat Ptfice and Town Hall, add in the
business part of the hi-Hough 4 and three Daily Linea
"of Stages.arrive and departfrom the Exel,airge to
and from Reading, Northumberland. Danville and
Cattawissa. t
PRIVAfEF VI ILI ES warp desire spending the
suirmaer months a the Coal Region will be furnished
with parlours and chambers.calenlated In please the
fancy and: render comfortable theonost fastidious
guests; and TtavIELLERS will always find those
accommodations which are- mist desired, and the
strict attention Of servants.
. it were superfluous to say twat his TABLE and
BAR will alwayis be furnished with the choicest
viands and liqurira ; and with a wish and exertions
to gratify his gilesta be anfic.pates the patronage of
the public.
Pottsville, april 13, 1839.
Dares Safety Lamps,
OF the beat censtruation, and most approved kind
also makes , new gausea to old lamps, and other
epaire dune Blithe subsertbar's Clock and Watch
Maker Shop, in; Centre street, Pottsville.
June 1 ta-tir JOSEPH COATSWORTIL
/Ai BARGAIN.
Fdr Sale or to Seat,
7 ..,,,." ACRES I Land, with Waggons, Schntes
•••Sordeos, nding„&e., all in complete order
for workibg, aving 3 good . Veina open, situated
near Middrepor -; and known as the Lewis 4. Bull
Tract. F r terms apply to '
'JAM
t , a
Or JA B PETERS, Philadelphia.
~ ;- • Aissigliecii of Jaucob 801 l & Co.
March 23 i • . 12--tf
, I
ritriplAlT SPRING STEEL
Cram Strained' Saddles.
'UCH." D V.' SI 1101 ER A
Saddle, 11 "tile„ and Trudk Ma nufacturer,
ReSPOCTFIJLLV tenders his sincere thanks to his
Cusufgnersnd the Public in general for the very,
i
liberal eurioura menc he' has received from them. He
now info6n" t m that he ham an improvement an the
construction in • Saddles, for which he hash patent
„sight. and reco ~ mends them to the Public as being far
superior in du bility, ease, and comfort to the rider
titan any other i et invented, and he recommends his
Steel Spring V . as-Strained Saddle to the notice - of the
public. with co. fidence. He therefore respectfully in
rites the Pahl) to call at his shop next door to Mr,
ihrtz's Store ~ early opposite the Exchange Hotel,
Centre street, P. tuville, and examine for themselves.
He also Icee , constantly on hand a general assort
' ment of ill kind of work. such as Saddles, Bridles. Pat
ant Fly Nets. C. ach. Gig, and Wagon Harness. Trunks.
Notices. Tier: mg Bags, Gig and Riding Whips. &c.
Every descriph.n of work in his line will he made to
*dor , on the ah , rtesrttotice, with neatness. durability,
and en terms as lowas it can be done elsewhere.
' May •25 21-tf. ,
'E HOME MAIO/FACTURES
EX COL RA;
Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!
- BUCKETS AND HOSE,
111 kW,. equal tesnythat -eas be procured elsewhere
and sectosp, by /*HARD D. 811,0ENF.R,
May 22 24
. , .
~-,-. y • - . -.- A , 7 4, it: . Al'Arr.- - . 4 7 - " . ..- - 1 - 1- .:' , ... - 7, 2.' , .....iiitYi.;" ~. ~ ,.. a-V7.:1,....,.'".....7.,.a - V7.:1,....,.'" . ....7.,.
1 0
•
.
a „
„.,„,,_. , !.47' ---,; 4112111)
..
I wilt cli fop koAierce;
IMMI
v 0 iXy.;
L V 400 t.
THKEE D 4 ItS LATER FRO
. .
The packet ship Oxford, at li
from Liverpool on the 21st, Oc 1
New York Afternoon papers, and
Commercial 4diiertlser, we cop&
items. , . . ,'
• ,
The intelltgiroe by this arrivallhiArterefy the
same cheracte as :lhat of the Gifeat,,Weiterti. and
indeed' it cooldi not be expected Wel modals would
produce any e ange otmeimeca. . TiCe worst feature
of it is the con 'need decreer° of specie in the coffers
of the Sank o • England, as shown , in the quart:illy
average. •
We quote 'O, article from the' London Spectator,
in which it is stated that application has been made
for ao order iii council authorittirig the issae of one
pound notes. -The same statement was made in
papers brought by the Great Wstern. •
The weather had been fine. and the supplies
of grain were sufficient for thej demand. Wheat
and Flonr continued without any altetiation in
price. _
The arrivals of Flour from America at Liverpool
were considerable.. Over five thimvand barrels bad
reached there thp week prevatoux, and more,it was
stated, was expemed.
The duty on Grain !except ftir Rye, which had
advanced) was the same.
The Cotton Market had undergone no material
alterations. - Prices no better.
Elderman, the last living member of the National
Convention, who voted for the death ut Louis 10th,
died at Stratshurg the'begiring of October.
The British Queen had only3o berths taken on
the.lBlo or October; and not 201
as before stated.
The. Oxford has performed viiiyage out and home
in the wonderful short ume of filly-three days.
The London Morning Post °tithe 19th sayer—
"Wc have no amendment to houhe in the conti
nental exch.nges. The quotatiois are still drooping
and, but for the support given to the market by the
hotise of Baring, Brothers & Co.. who are believed
to be acting 'Or the Bank of England, it is not too
much to suppose that they cotild not be maintainea
at any thing like their recehtHelevanon. It is a
question not very easy of solutiun;httw it is that a
balance of trade should still be interation against
us. - The payments made and ima ing, for foreign
grain, are, it tS to be presumed, much more consid
erable than 'the pOblic are aware of; and rise expor_
Limon of our manufactures is still so inconsiderable
as hardly Co be worthy of beiqg taken in account
at all as a niedbm of exchange; Last year whipped
nothing to the Dorn growing lamas the'conti•
rent; this ye at there is the sa., e absence of orders,
and we &upon.% at may no's gie burly understood
at this branch of our export trade has ail but
cetinZd."
From the London Spectator ol Oct. 19.
It is stated that the Bank I DOecturs are very ear
neat in pressing the Governmeht to issue an order
in Council ter suspending in their favor lite act of
Parliament, by which the bircitation of notes for
sums of less than .£5 is prohibited . The Ministry
are, however, understood to havrefused compliance
with this request. The-usual iinonthii statement of
the liabilities of the Bank will be published to-mot
row ; and it is generally belieVed, that the amount
of bullion in, store will nut be aUginentcd, as, though
there have been some' large importations, the neces
sity of paying the small dividends in cash has •b.
structed 700,000 soveseigns ircim the Bank coffers ;
but, as this bullion has not been reported. a considtir
able part of it must soon :tind its way back again.
The foreign exchanges hatte declined slightly 1
and the appearance of them is heavy. It is under
stood, that the Bunk has CrestSo upon Pirria-to the
full extent of the'atnount (X 1,001.4006) that the hank
of franc° unde , took to di.count; and. as this sup
port to the exchanges has been l withdrawn, a t r
decline is anticipated.
STATZ . pr. TNADN IN ENGLAND AND
preient, it not absolute distress; noun mbarrasa.
inegland anxiety prevail in Ehgland an erica.
l'he Britian Queen, which arrived on Tuesday last
from New York, brings accounts of the continuance
ore unghtv struggle with coinmertial and monks.
ry difficulties. ;ben efforts to pay their debts to
this country axe combined with operations incurring
'resit liabilities to Ea.glish capitalists.
The same -vessel winch einfries bullion and bills
26-ti
al exchange representing _ i iriodnee. shipped, also
brings bonds and post nmett.and•other promises to
pay exorbitantly for immedisite accominodlition.—;
And it would seem. that, atthOugh the meat,' adopt:
ud by Englishmen to raise finds in America s
not of the 'lame description, nevertheless the mar
kets of the United States are resorted to for the pm..
pose iarobtitiuin g ready inoney.
It appears that,immense quantities of.mercban
rime have within a month been sold at auction 03
New York and Philadelphia, at low prices, on se
count of tnglish owners. No doubt the gain of
such transactione rears eventually with the porches
er—the loss With the needy seller ; but the wean
time, additional pressure is put upon the American
money market just when it most needs relief.
This state of things is natural as well as dishes.
sing. Permanent, or evert of long duration, it an
not be; btit - the symptoms or speedy improvement
are not visible.
15-ly
. The manufacturers of the North of England are
preparing fur a dull season. `ln cmusequence of the
ii
unto orible prospects of the , co p ing winter," says
the Manelester Guar-dicia; "a a tuber of individual
spinners Sod manufacturers, , in
, arious parts of the
neightu3urbooo, Rare already passed to light up their
factories. • ,
We have not heard any agreement to that effect,
but understane, that acacial lineetinga, for the pur..•
pose of considering the sequel, are in contempla
tion. The sarelgn exchaniOs, in defiance of every
cffort to support them, cant/ i nto to decline ; and a
farther contraction of accomhoodation by the Batik
of Englaurt is anticipated.
London, Oct. 20.—1 t is said that at the weekly
meeting of the Board of Directors of the Bank of
England on 'Thuraday, it waii resolved-to adopt more'
astringent measures in regard to discounts than
those heroolore acted upon i the directors being now
more than ever convinced that the uufavorable !tate
of the exchanges and the eonsequent. drain Ohm
their coffers for gold, can oUly be checked by keeP•
ing money dear and Scarce. 1
' E.eptorian of tke Royali George—Portsmouth.
Oct. 17.—The result of the Uxplosion in blowing op
the Ilostalqeorge, last Tue ay, has been attendeo
with success; the greater pa t of the wreck has beeo
successfully displaced: is morning her bows
were landed at the dockyar : Should the weather
continue favorable, the divert fully expect to remove
far greater portion of the ill sled vessel.
A Man reacted from a iter by a laoa.—A Burr
correepoildeut. of ligs Du T b
to Post, dated Friday,
miry—. since I came here - 11 have heard an anec
dote of ooe of Bitty's bona, Which shows tbo sagaci
ty of that noble animal inl a remarkable -point of
view. Those who visited; Batire menagerie, in
.Duttlint wilt remember that* bad two boos and a •
tiger tamed together in the lame cage, and whilst
exhibiting ata micrea t t tote days aim. the heiper of
these animals, whilst in the cage with them, 'mined,
tit
hii foot end felt upon the ti r, which was , lateep at
the moinenti The anima became enraged, end
jumping op caught the a fortunate man,.by the
thigh. A thrill of horror pervaded the hundreds of
spectator" wlici.-4reie visiting the exhibition at the
time,
iime. and the, man's deg/minion was deemed incrit.
able, when, to the inexpreseible joy, as well , as
9.,
_ _ _
MM
' • • " • f
• SON.
• Hag& sed vadat* olt-Rootto to gar ape aikd 01U4
I • • ••••°'. - r;-• , _r.
• •-•e• . - •••••..' • .
" •":1;1N ; ?<it;
Weekly an, titelasylkAll - C..anaty,, , reitasylval . 4%„
- • •
'
w Yor sailed
.1. ',tom the
i pilly the
I , e. following
IREL , Nit
- • ;`' .g.; °
• 5/ATV& DAY , 111 1 011.31,1NG. - 4110VE 31 - 11Elt 1 23:4
, • • . - , • • -4 , 4 %. -i,..z.74.14 f,•,11
,
amusement, of all - present, •4. , .. 4 *, - e
by the neck, irtectitged it jai 'once' tereltexpride ,
hoikvittilse,te-inan , •wai , dragibruit of uke dale
Weeding rata dreadfulmandint.;' e waeirnerritate.
ly platted under the care of D ' ..Tyriam,. of this
town, arid* now quite recover
.. . ,
Bravery a Peteelie Preis Donut tfte 104 1 ).
of Clopute a l„.4he• (Catholie) Birdie of Ross litho bad
displayed greet zeal . refuting irermy trirelieve
the besieged place , wins made pr . by
Lord Brog.
hill, who bad become in auxiliary of Cromwell."
lie' bad been too distingniabed n the war Mildest
the parliament to hope for me cy. Still Broglitll
promised the prelate his W. un ete.dition that he
timid use*.is spiritual authority with the go mit on
of a fort near the field of bat tl e, and persuade it to
capitulate. The Bishop of allowed himself to
be led IR the front of the fort. that the garrison
could liar his words. The holy man then raising
his voice, without losing for a armlet his calninesa
and. amenity, atrenuously _exhorted the • soldiers to
hold out againsiohe enemies of -their religion and
their country. He then came; hack and resigned
himself to his late. His enemies," says. Lelarid,
"could discover, nothing in this• conduct but inso.
lence and obstinacy, for he war i papist and pre.
late."
1; is the .carrent report at the Post Office that
stamped labile, saturated with gifm, ail to be.itExini
on the direction side of the letterey,_ HI be thei'mtions
used for,cartying the new Penpy Teoitage ActAntci
operation. Mr. Rowland Hill 'a to have, it,te'said.
ae superintendent of tts working.A salary 11,50 UL
per annum: V r
, .
Balling, Runde:sr - Night. —The august and, solemn
rite of the consecration of% bish&pf the Oatholic
Church, wok place in this tocrn WO, the Right
Rev. Dr. Feeny having been - niecrated bishop of
the diocese of (Lila', to item anus with th e man
dates& his Holiness. in the r ut of th e Right Rev.
o r
Dr. O'Finan, now 'resident in lielfr.t: The eeremo
'ny' was celebrated in the'magnificent new cathedral.
Although completed on the exterior, with the ex.
certion rif Abe stupendous towihr, its- interior is as
. yet in quite en unfinished state, litile r thore than the
shell of the edifice existing,,and the altar being only
a temporary erection:
SCO F xNW
- - .
Locomotive power a*ied id Canal triasu. —on
the 21st and ithid instant an, experiment was con:
ducted on the Friurth of Clyde' Canal, of a novel and
highly interesting nature, by ;John Maclean, C. E.,
and emisnliing engineer to the canal company. Ii
is well known that the hauta4e of boats on this ca,
eel has hitherto been perforthed by horses, the-rates
of speed being 'for the bevel' "loops, brigs, &c 4 to
the London, Dundee, and other trades, about one
and ' a balror two miles 'pet hour, when drawn by
two or five horses, according to the state of the weath
er, and for the swill or peetsenger boats between
eight and -tine miles per hoon on an average, when
drawn. by taro hones, ' The °eject of the experiment
was to aseeitam the possibilly of using locomotive
power to drew the boats inad 01 horses ; accord
ingly, a single line of reds upon blocks, like an or
dinary railway, was laid - delve fin a . onnsidereble
space along the canal banks, near lod,k . stxteem, end
a locomotive engine and tender, built by Mr. Wil.
flaw Dodds. having been breogitt down the canal
and vet on the toils, on the morning of the 21st, Mr.
Macneil. Mr. s lohnson; the 041 director, and sev.
eral engineer and gentlemen', being prevent; line ex
periment commenced by attaehing to the engine the
towing line of the first passenger boo r t that made its
appearance, and winch tontaftsed upwards of ninety
passengers, with thAr luggage. There was a. tri.
fling delay in disengaging the horses andAying the
line to the engine, but this wits amply compensated
when the "Vesterio" briskly Iset off, and almost im
mediately gained a. speed, oil seventeen miles and
three quarters per dioter,,whieb ehe kept up around
two curves,:and until the i rminatioikoi the rails
made it necessary to stop, • id the cheers. f the des
lighted passengers. This e periment was repined.
-during the course di the dit with each 'passenger,
boat as it came to its trolled space, and with equal
success each time. On one !ion a towing-rope,
which was mach decayed, go fool with it curb stone,
and broke , but without cane ng the slightest incon
venience, except about one :nte's delay. The en
Pine employed being Intend only for • slow trade,
was not calculated to go at , a greater speed than
eighteen miles per' hour; belt it was the opinion or
all present., that .with pronerlpessenger lecomotivee r
a speed might - be obtlimed..Aual to the 3 upon the
best railways, new of the lotieripossersing the advan
tages secured by the eanal bank, of a perfect level
throughout. The nature °lithe melon was highly
gratifying to all the passengferi, being more steady
and smooth than when they boats were drawn by
horses. Several of the . heav (maned) vessels were
also 'taken in tow during the two da vs ot trial, at the
rare of three and a -half, for, and Sve miles per,
hoar; and, on one occasion, two loaded. sloops, and
• large wagon boat, were together attached to the
engine sod hauled with ease at the rate of two
miles and three quarters per hour. whilst one foindi
of the steam was allowed to pass the throttle valve.
The foreg f oing' etatemeata render palpably apparent
the imiremeuae advantages which might 17 gained
by this flew adaption of steam power—a great econ
omy in hauling exoenaes,! as one engine might
draw at least sax sloops wicb now would require
from eighteen to twenty fei r horses, and. if necessa
' ry, at double the presents ; and a proportional'
increase of the important tr ffic on the canal, which
might be reasonably expec ed. Passengers would
c S ed
increase in a great proport l ion, when attracted by
economy and speed of trans rt. The Onion Canal
might be traversed in two hours, and the Forth
and 'Clyde Canal in one a d a half, inatead of four
hours and three and a balt as at present, and this
by only-assuming .sixteenmiles per hour, though
more might easily be peqo ed, ai the experiments
nave shown. i .4
WA
. Welsh Literature.— rho poems at Lewis Glyn
Cott's, a Cambrian bard of the nineteenth century.
i
the second part of which ar sadversiled schw weeks
since, as having been just üblished by Mr. Parry,
of Chester, and Mr. Gee. Denbigh, under the edi
torial superintendence of e-Rev. •Walter - Davies,
and the Rev . J. Jones. ap r calculated to impress
the reader with.en dere idea of the poetic claims
of the Welsh people ; and t e preface. which is writ
ten id English, gives some interesting and original'
material connected with the wire between the rival
beans of York and Lancarter.whieh cannot fail of
being equally instructive to the antiquarian and the
historian as well as to the general reader. 4
We understand that the director. of /A Chester
and Crewe Railway Com . .3 , have ,made • an_ ar
rangement with the dine . re of the Grand Junc tion..
Railway Company, ethic will have ' the !Sect got
- into the' litter, 'nn firms
ir• tatekiicoinit the`depre•
the onecompaay; and
the enhanced.value of the shares of the .other. , it
111 ei mear.
1111 -be vantageous to • heater that to powerfuisi
company me a a dire interest, i n the line of
railway, y 'which it is br ght Into direct ;ounce
twin. by means of the lead' r linen.' railways, with
the me tropolitan. and faeturinidistrieta. -
\ ifs L,
Tfig roest.— " Throe foams dajenrotoplendid
weather awe wrou g ht a • oat beneficial alteration
in the ap ranee of the o t standing erope, - end en;
.bled the h rvestnten•to • . . =with thaneeitseary
operating, p ping. no , earriying.N We rejoice.
to learn that thikiiiptpr,
tit last.thpac i ,wepka hal ,
ow pranced id rtnibh, nil lie W•iiiitoliclpated. a •
though some piteheireye . , king Ivry, bad. „Alt
itoing here audition " visibleveotifienroris.—
Wow Er:gland, lielatseloasd Illootland,thi alicocuita
on thewlxilfsriselafonAkir -
merging the former 'obje
advantaoona. tak
filmed value of the:attares
FIMME
... .
rh. ceiammyst : ...2141....--mispuic IJroeir
ppf in from Anne a iieethiar„ilie ship triton; from
&kilo!, Wind tollie 'Ceps rd - Good ,linill'ind the
.800th Bcaa. On Saidify 'night 'last being. , a caw
leagues to the scrothugd.ra'Lainly lakeal.the wind
blew a heasemile from the W 8 W., and continued
iie
with,locreastog violence for thirty hop*:
.. it ihe
vessel came wife to anihor In ibri Dar The'
blissiewattes, eleven m *nOmberowith alai wi -
and Families, though they have snlEtrred Much bona
Bea eickre.'are sit well. I
Oyster Catcher. sr Sr. ilfsgpie.—A mastibeaoti
tol,specimen ("hie rare and curious bird "as shot
last week. from off the Marine Terra* Aberyst
wyth. It is now in possession Of Mr. Shiw, of
Shrewsbury, for the purpose' of being preserved.
A,berysticyth.—That autpuScent work, the liar
hour, bas steadily extended heat; the benefits likely
to mese have become visible, by the tides baYint
-paned thewbeated albs entrance into the hat.
r more than two Met: The fact was proved late-
ly in the case of the Creole, a 'vessel of 350 tons.
which got in without diffieuhy, which never occur.
red to ber beforcwithriut bring damaged. . For sev
eral seaming she could notenter the harbour at ill,
being unladen in the offing. i The _brig Fisher. with
timber from Quebec., enterfikthe harbor &short time
since witb-all bor eats set; illso the Argus, a large
t;isitsel of upwards of 300 .t 0 . filtered with perfect
calm. None as this never utired 'before, to what
are we to 'morale it but to new Pier? - The wall
has been carried out 600 reit into the ref, )end al
though in an imperfect state, it her been louno to
offer an effective Barrie IQ the south-western swell.
MINERAL COAL .TA VEGETABLE
Fox the purpose of showing that, I am not so
speculative as some may imagine, I wilt found my
c.slculauuns upon different data.
papier end Anderson, who have given ranch at
tention to growth of vegetation, assures us of a fact,
to the truth of which every one must be sensibly, viz:
o That the mutt faille soil would nut cover the
earth, when fresh cut. half an inch deep. " Then a
bed of solid moss, two and a half feet Mu*, allowing
half an inch to be produced annually, would require
.110 years. This wouid yield, admitting it to be box-
Wood, six Inches of coal which would require .60
years to grow the materials; and if Wi 200 feet
would regime 24,000 years,. and 900 feet 108,000
years. I
These are pretty close approximations, fur a sub
ject of thin kind, to the preceding calculations. But
it may be contended, in answer, that vegetation was
more luxuriant in those days than in these. 1 will
concede this to have been the fact immediately about ,
the coal•lakes upon the admission„eueugh can ;
not be claimed to balance that which I have granted
in supposing all - that was produced to have been box
wood. it is well known that the vegetation of the
coal basins was of a .yery filament character, yield
ing but one, and at most, two per cent ; of carbon.
Futheraibre, it may be contended by some that
the great length of time which I have shown to be
nerweetry to grow the materials for the coal beds is
no objecuon to the theory in question, Inasmuch as
time .cost nothing to a mere theorist; but I aill op
pose a difficulty which cannot be removed by a
bail. * A majority—l might add, the most consistent
—of geologists bet the vegetable matter to have
grown where thei coal is now found ; but no one
contends that enorigh has been produced in one year
to produce a coal bed. Then it follows that, • great
number otrairs, as I have shown, were requisite.
But if time Wiwthen hawked by'seitions,atid of course
changes of tempeiature, hew did it happen that the
vegetation of mutt summer was not, in a great meas
ure, covered—atieast mixed—with the debris of the
'subsequent spring I Coat was formed in basins,
the margins of which were sand; and still we can
discover none• of it in the coal. If r were to
stop here, my. readers would conclude that it is
physically =potable for coal to be a vegetable pro
duct. -
VI. And last, Drifts of logs, trees, plants and
brush have been considered, by the fruitful imagine
twat of our geologists, to resemble very' closely that
which must hive peen, originally, the case with the
coal beds Mr Comstock says that—
.. Those wtio have seen the pine forests of our wes
tern country can, perhaps, have some conception of
the vast pde which a single equate mile of these
trees would form if thrown together. how, if hun
dreds of square miles of such Umber wee...accumula
ted, we might suppose there would be a quantity rut
tier' to form a single bed of a large coal forma
tion. "
Mr. Mintier informs Journal, vol.
3,)—that there is a dwii at the wouth of lied River
sixty miles lung and fifteen wide
.; and that during
the fresuet of 1812, 8,000 cubic feet of timber &fold
ed oat of the Mississippi e er minute. Capt. Basil
Hall states that—..oll . a tongue, of land nearly op
posite the month of the Mississippi," there are drifts
of Umber many yards in thickness, covering sev- ;
eral hundred square leagues of surface. "
A few facts relative to coat basins and forests, with
• few says of common aeon, will expose the, ab
surdity of such dresmings about- probabilities and
poestbilitbis of beds of coal hiving been produced in
Ibis manner.
A coal basin contains from one to sixty beds of
coal ; each one reposes on a bed of shale, (counisin
ly nailed slate,) and is. eowired by 'one; and this,
again, by one of sanii-stone. If the basin, then, con
tain sixty beds of coal, the causer taat produced the
shale, coal and sand-stone must have regularly re
curred sixty times. Apinl- from the b.on informa
tion now had on the subjeit, coal beds maintain •
uniform thickness throughout the basin oreclose
and compact, and ddstituni of any foreign matter, u
clay, 'skid; and gravel. - They may be, and indeed
generally km divided into strata by layers of shale,
ironoreriwpilme-stone,'whdeb are parallel to each
other uul tothekurface of the coil bed. -
As regards forests, no one will aihiend that the
earth's surface; at thistime, an exhibit woe of pine,
or"any other timber: which; if felled; meniar cover
its compactly, Uwe than three Inches deep.
Aboin. Orthil may beregauled as carbon.
11 this. The' yonintrrial twain et Penn
41winta Contains 2rout 500 square . - f indica ;
And several of its awl bed are 28'feet .
,cif, with a
purity of '9B per cent of flthir:, 'One ;hew +bold
feriae 208 feet of solidlneit jituber to -nuke it,
winelanusefurve beenirfidm472,ooo square
saes fist iiissfacii;andilion Eriuiiitiea so cieselj togietb
er that not - A puucle of foreign flatter could, be
FtwdektAir 43 -Ins Orh 4- o, l 44o l .oeirts,L i r
4 0444, APPA sla9***li*Ajui4Plar 1 . 4 ii_WesfPlA
gl
uniform
Admit mrbek htve'biosiipnioducecifrom adluo
~F~: .
- ,,, - - I" , s 1-, ;1"Ati , Nr - r.'3 , "'v'?r , " ,, I", , ,:er.- -:'" ' - , — .4.'.. - 4' "'":":: - - rit: - ..'144 , ;_ , ' I* . =` , " l.l , ..tktralf-wftix.i.l'i-,.---
' '. 'A,.t. , ': •';,-.- -- ,
I. :1. , -.1-s. 1 .114 9 .= 'ol*, .A- ,- •••
".„!,-.
e .
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.
3-
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.. . / 1 4ir'a -e z-.liji; i-- ,, l•4ftu - t: - 1 4'...,.;; , , - tiii: l ,-7-4-7.f 7 4-isii ik' 4 " , i , i::4".
E. Fricisior gi . , 4 1 . --- - . : 1-- -.,., ;. Le 1,''''''..1,.„..•
From the DiewrYor,ker.
Scientific Essay..--1.
Br PILOT. W. 1711.0 PO-WILL, A. 0
PRO I%
[Concluded.
OEM
EMI
6
limbs*, sad then eipliirriS'silio csio s -thir manner by
Which the eve/begs beelinti'dirided hither.e strata of
rhale, or irwri, Or lime*; or all dime, furring
plane surface and uniform . thickness; and how it
happened thatao foreign matter was drifted.
the timbers. Drills of trope et ibis day arefassesia
tad with' mod. sand and gritrei, inter:paled. Every
• thing 'canneettd with coal and its shales, indicates a
'quiescent condition of the.water in the basin,, which .,
excludes the idea of drift'; hat leaving this out of
the question, how was the timber brought to the la
sit i N o thing lees thane current could do it; out
t .
the same rrent that brought it in would trinsport
It out— e cept inch as 'might lodge, which would
possess re arkable w irrequalities.- But the coil br;tle
were farmed, and so were their shales and sand
stones, before any strong currents entered their ba
sin, as is evident from their unbroken character—ex
cept it points were rivers subseqnently broke through
them.
Admit the necessary drifts to have taken place:
bow were they covered, first with shale, and this a
gain with fiend stone ? De LS Biche (p. 434) tells
us that upon this segetabliMass sauda,.silt Of mod
were accumulated ; ' and 4erives Ira to infer, from
his next paragraph, that they were transported from
some adjacent region. What was the nature of this
transporting agent? At one time it brought mud,
and at another sand ; or they were both bfought at
the sane time ; and if so, how were they separated
so as to place the mud underneath the heavier par
tides of sand ? That is, bow did it happen that
the finest, lightest and most impalpable particles were
deposited first? This is not ,the law of drifts, inun
dations and transporting basins of
_Water: But ad
mit that no difficulty exists in explaining these unu
sual phenomena • what produced the regular recur
rence of the coal beds, with their shales and sand
stones? Will it be contended that the requisite e
drifkior a coa l bed was produced every year 1 Can
Piedicate the most exact regularity, order d ar
rangement, to obtain sixty times in succession, upon
accidental or unusual inundations? Suppose ,the
requisite drift to obtain for one - coal bed : %%hence
could another be' had, to form a:second coal bed, in
leas than a liundredijearal Finally, will any one
contend after: reading the expositions f have made,
that coal is a vegetable product ? Yes ; those mho
stand committed before the public.
Grant that coil is a vegetable product: and what
is gained to the-science of geology ? Does the ad
mission enable us to account for the beautiful har
mony that exist/ll—for the abides and sand-stenea
—iron-ore and lime-stone 1 Does it give ua an in
sight into the reason why anthracite and bituminous
coals are never found in tbe'geological place of %fit
other?—and why-lignite is never found in the place
of either of theml—Or why bitumen is found with
out coal, and vice versa ?-,-Or whir some shales con
tain the impressions of plant* and others neither 1—
Or why it is that lakes of -bitumen now exists in
which nothing is- discoverable that indicates a vege
table origin, or that super-incumbent pressure ever
obtained 1— Or why it to that a coal bed, in a state
of formation, is not known to ex l itn at this time 1
I have now examined, withvatire impartiality, all
the important evidence that kenevilly brought for
ward-in defence of the theory 'which attributes min-
era! coal to • vegetable Origin and find, to my sat
isfaction, that it is not austuined. On the contrary,
I am brought to the canclusiott;,that mineral coal is
any thing the than a vegetable product. AS r have
no opinions to cseriah at the price of truth, • I will
feel much obliged to any gentleman who will expose
fallacy, of any one argument I. have used.
My next essay will present a system deducted from
facts—not a theory —that wilt explain all rho phe
nomena of a coal formation ;—a positive ik lEN CE
on the subject, and one that is equally applicable to
all other regularly . formed portions of the earth's
crust ;—one that exposes the causes of crystalline,
drifted, and bedimentary rocks, and their mudus
erandi.
St:RAPS 'FROM LONG ILAAI.)
The presentis a matter-of-fact age, when fancy is
strangled in her cradle, and nothing but rugged real
ity permitted to come to maturity. 'The bright, but
useless flowers, which gem with their beauty only, the
path of existence, are trampltA in the dust, whilst thl•
blossoms which bring forth useful fruit alone are ChM
jibed: Perhaps it is for the best, but still there is
h lingering charm about the dreamy tales of the ol
den time, wh...n every dark wood bad ita n . ) mph, eve
fountain its sprite, and every wild flower 01 the
field its guardian fay, who sipped the dew from its
leaves, and sang as it rocked in the evening bre, ze.
Tales of thisTfund are gradually yielding to others
of a more practical nature; the budding hours ut
the child are no tungerrsolaced with the idea of othe
rail and beautiful beings hovering around his couch,
or flitting from feat to leaf, and from flower to flower,
is he rambles in At.e green fields. His young at
tention is turned to thole things which may be of
service to him in after-life; the gilding is stripped
fief his infancy, and he becomes a man before lt / is
(inc.&
It was a beautiful _fancy that .first :peopled the
world with . ethereal beings, and placed then homes
amid the blossoms of the woods and fields. Often
in my ramble: hi when pausing to phack.a,flower, btu
the idea crossed me, tbatd, aught be destroying the
shade
. of some sprite, who, though invisible to me,
ras even then imploring my_nterty„ And, sparing
the flower, I have walked on with a feehng of plea-
SUM as I heard in fancy her tiny voice warbling out .
a song of thanks, But now the race of sputa with
ban and apell l is fast disappearing : the present ge
neration_ iv Psi knowing to he pilled by tales of
stitches and fairies Stalking about in the moonlight,
under the force of cats and rabbits ; and such is the
Orpcocitr-of the Prottent‘Pfle. that a veritable ghost
story, or a welt anthentiaucd tale of a haunted house,
P received with the most decided parks of disbe.
lief. • It is. thfrefara„,wit4 s l feeling of deprecation
EYmy, owls d •credence, that I venture
to 0 14! the 4 1 Pmnikktiteta of Cote, which
Was nitrated to• me one warm .stiouner. afternoon,
es I lay i tn-a histiriam grove of locusta..overlobk
hig•tha. Long ilshintleflinnid •ItAkenolit devaiily
credited' in their neigitborhoodi. localities are
familiar to all 4, and • Kront, thia , titdestregro in • the
plum, sweats to its 'nab,: WhaLfunber proof can
•be required 1 ! • ..K;%:
RA LPIt cttAirr
1L lf WEND OF GLEN
ilintleta#sgoVer es thianototiotui - place
on•undeethe unintrking appellation
iitillaiguito clove, art - i ,idlert‘equally nototigtweiiiti
the town"; flOnitiheirdifien a.talet th. neroe o Ralph
41.
OM
=MENNE
IMMEEREMS
,~.. _
•
=IC
I=l
Ohitt froto•Whois, it is 'maned'
_ - descended 10
Came. Everii4lsipii iiis i tio,. _natured align!
bond, who bangs about - ,tits' . p —t ii.v.aar heavep
k opwaltnirs****olo4,ll4 - : il iti, 444a.g.
rroni lhe *.litividie - P , kii I Wi-, t.
..-to Mb
g e n t korMi ?A ll :*.i`.sob lig i n e • r, 4 ,6 * . 9t. `hol
for several .ticcess 4 l):Pnerett': '-'
a;. 4 . bailliin*Alatis
t l rft .. faaalit the +it of ''''''"_ ' ''.. ' ' .. 4 - 14 4..- - **, •
sm..ntleil In s theit:niie, Piertiml n .tilteratedt feti 3 O -
tither to anti 'until - the etfoteniia ' atfeaftth4RY 4 '
ral B ener ati,a h l . - / . t iterellii i ' . '.''' . 1 : g1in r 4 4 344
was a atePaigoitOftlia Para#: 4-Yia 4l l P..kr i ftta
the influeneeviii! , tarteigantv( licrimlllifelthit%
roundly, keepingltink,itrinentill übjectionival , 4 l 4.t.
romradel liV - bailili t e rror, ' '"
i" 11-414 ‘PPI , " I A
tharu g h ikekritdvidi Azinc. I liiti Attiamittlitila.'i
notoriety.' It 4- airilk generally .-ha „found . 1111 L141104 a ,
with her natal kind eiscrimitiati , , has tak.4.4isitts4
eular cite in' thew- solnedinig 1 n the lot of : opry
man to milurlithrneetomfortai and rg, wareant,,,
me. that a free, jolly-hearted fellow never lived•but,
, ~..
was bullied, if not'etidgeila by* helpmate.
-Be that as it may, Ralph faun& : e rUne in hist i
Car ; he was =monarch of all he rw7ed so hug,
alibis face was M
turned sway Ginn is it dwell:lain- i
ofhut the moment he crossed its reshOld his soul
sunk within Ihim; his jests Were bnitbed, his - swagger,
laid aside, hilt voice dwindled to something betweett
a whine and a whisper; , his step became,quiet and
stealthy like that of a cat, and he always listened ,
to her lectures sea dutiful and henpecked husband' •
should—in silence; and so great was his tenderness t
for her feelings, that be had never been known to
utter e• word against her, except ;hen she.was out
of heanng. Ralph was not holvever, singular in
his feeling of awe; everrhing under her sway par-.
took of the general influente. EV I CS the dung=hill •
cock, who at a distance wattled and -ruffled among! •
the poultry with a very petronizing sir, seemed to
feel a weight upon bill spirits when under , her eye: .
his strut was quickened toe sideling run, his tail was
ducked down to dodge a blow, and his eocifiribus
crow was frequently cut short in the middle.
It is but justice to Mrs. qraft,however, to remark
that if good advice could have l effes:ted a change in
her husband, he would have been e'paregon of eked.
lence ; for he never entered 'his duelling withatit'
having 'his worthlessness held up to his own idiaap-,
probation, and be never went to hit bed withdut be*
ing shown the - oily' of his Ways, and being fully
convinced that e was' 0 disgraee to his wife arid hey ,
connexions. o all this Ralph had hut a sings ie- 1
ply .that his father was a vagabond before him.
anA,„Mat what was bred in the bone noel came out'
at the flesh '
Like many persons of his discriptidn, he was
something of a sportsman, and jfrequently whiled a.
' way the long sunshiny days of summer in kiting a
bout the neighboring woods with his gun and dog,
until every part of them was as &Thither, aye, More
so, than his , own drilling. -
It happened one day, that Ralph had been loiter
ing about the village, with a vagabond crony dill",
spine calibre with 'himself, and, in the excess of his
I clings of goal fellowship, had indulged in potations
of unusual -profundity. (In returning home, urged
•
on by the unwonted stinulus, he mustered courage
to venture upon an expostulation with his Inlpmate.
-The result was inevitable ;he was thrust neck and '
heels from the house, and oldigetl to sue for terms.
Fortunately for his cause the domestic I..riler was
empty, and his wife made it a con tlikap of the treaty,
that he should forthwith sally Dual/the dog and
gun, and replenish it with genie. It was also hint
ed th it in case ho returned empty banded, he would '
find the doors closed against him. Ralph, glad to ,
make his peace 00 any terms that were nut enforced
by a broconstnit, set about his task with alacrity.—
He replenished his horn, adapted a new flint to his
ghn. and whistling his (log •Grtm' to his side, direct
ing his stole towards Dominus Lane. It,_was still
earty in the day, and being a tolerable shot, he had
no fears fur the result of his errand, undone, right
happy at being obliged to undergo a penance so much
an consonance with his owninclinatuni. On enter
ing Dursonis Lane. he whistled Grim into the bushes
at the road-side, whilst he sauntered slung, keeping . -
a waichful eye on the brushwood, and occasionally
glancing upward, in hopes of catching sight of a pi- •
geon aniongs the thick foliage overhead. His search
was fruitless; he reached the end of the sombre lane ,
without having started any tiling ex-tept -a black
snake, which glided swiftly across his path and dis
appeared in the opposite brbshwood. s
•Ouniforiable this" muttered 'he, as he onc e more
whistled for Grim, and leaning on the end aka; gun
•
ran his eye oar r the landscape. At the foot of the lull ;
on which he stood, lay a small lake, and on the op
posite side rose the wood clan peninsula, now known
as Livil g toils Island. It was a beautiful and cloud. .-
less afters on; the lake lay •in massy smoothrie4
Tethering in its tranquil bosom the pincN that .
darkened the Wand. Nut a tipple broke its calmness,
save when now and then some fish dashed in pursuit ,
of an insect, or itself the aim of some more voracious
of its' tube. in the hope of escape, darted forth like a
spark of silver and fell glittering back in Mei pare
aliment Nature, too, was 'in lie rainbow gar i k and
wore the thousand tints wallah - i spoke the' 'arming_
year, and which decked the furestil for a season on
ly to mark more strongly their desolation.
Ralph's mind, however, was engrossed with other
of than the scenery: He ran his e‘e narrowly a ,
long the raargin,of the lake. Nothing was to Se seen .
except a solitary kingfisher parched upon a rail over
hangiqg the water, and who, In judge ham LlolooNriti
air, had been sent oat on the sade errant as hunself.
After a long and unsatiseatbry survey, Ralph der.
scended the hill, and 'as it 4ras growing late, redoub
led his speed and esqruons. In vain, however, he
scoured the borders, of the pond, And beat through ,
all the swamps slid thickets of the neighborhood ;
fate seemed against him, and just as the last rays of
sun disappeared from the sleeping waters of the
Sound, he stood 'Upon its - beach as empty4haudiel se ?
ever. Flock of crows, high up in the.air, wererwing
ing their fight towards a distant forest. Distant cat
tle were slowly Ivnifingthiiir way to the farmlyardf,
of their respectiveowners; the pale disk of the atom:
was justlfeeping above the eastern boniest, and
several hsti were begining to flit about in the twti
light. Ralph seated bimiolf disconsolately upon 'a
stone, supporting the sides of lie head between hut
hands, with his eyes wistfully fixed upon the itiiiria
ing Sound as its gentle billows rippled over this peke.
bles at" his feet. Grim, too, seemed to sympathile
with him; foe 'whenever Ritlph received a 'weigh wel.,
come at home; Griin wak Buret° paiteite of the same
fate. He seemed,aware of, tbit.natirre-4 the errand s
on which they had been sent': he had d we kis ea'
most, and now stretched .himself panting at MiLfeer
of his master: - • 1 ...
.
- At a short &Stance from the ,spot was a tiro*
strip of swamp; generally known as flagitrocli, itt4
the idea eidderily occurred to Ralph, that as it was
not yet dart, ha might meet with something IA that
quarter. With a great deal of alacrity, and arno- --
thing life hope, he set out; but had riot goner - at fie
fore the twilight diniPened. and the thick..;shadow of
the woods which bolindild one ode of, the sioulip,
made the dbacurity equal 14 thai of nightoJlher4
was no longer any
• opi;)iiiid . forcing hi5:1.4104
of the hoshmand th e , itigida gun upon the mound,
Ralph *nit himself' , 'de it and began Anpriti•
nate upon , mattil a thingiit home. ' futlnti6eim
time the - Maim foie oar& in le heavii.litly
i ? ii
throwfpg the' !Blinder of the gigantiis l , t4 . .,,Qite',
w h iten
Imlay. far out l in a narrow ,fieldt.prfritortilijm '
trilth" Swamp. I ,7. • Iti ;;.- .14 tr.qc
44ertdi the den'ets had that fife °Nigher ejiefilit
`ud j,,,,:0 - 4 - tiipeir an hi d elbow r9111141141a1a
in .4feeil;el , Peke" 'au empty ite+faer aglialr_
name: better Al Aut. all. itight' , 'As ha mut..
tereethiK.hostenek Ito a thoughtful whistle. ' 4teli7(
el
:==
g