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~;~~;~Y;
p ra i Low _camaxse :-a•thts Proaidence Zsr. God
has prosaered our great ComtnotiavialtiL The
will of_the people Alas called an humble citizen
to the performance ot'- the duties of her Chief
'Executive office: In accordance with the requi
sition-thus made upon men and in obedience to
the provisiens of 'the Constitutien, I appear-be
- fere-fOrt-tadtif ,PorPinie -subscribiag
to-die oath of office and assuming the duties.—
arenflanceathis opportunity to_ express the pro-,
----lfeellowara this people far thia
distinguished mart of their; confidence.
--Incentemplating the high and delicate nature
A f the ilsitiefa appertaining tethis stetion—their
complex and difficult character, the magnitude
of the interests'involved:in their:faithful per
forinance," TAM most solemnly impresaed with
the responsibility they necessarily impose. The
junior of all mypeecedessors in tbis-high station,
Teiatit ;upon the dm' Ch of iti-alitieS With the
utmost distrust of my own cituttifiCtitiODS /Or-the
task; - I have., however, resolved to devote my
best -energies, rayhopes and prayers to a faithful
ediecharge of the obligation I have just taken,
and leek to She people for - that - generous tidal
gene which has ever eshimaCterized their action
teraardi public servants - who have honestly era
a ea ssarea - to perform their whole duty. The ef
- -forts of ratu,,7_,-iit. best, ' ate but feeble; all the
aid_that his wisdom ambring to the p
lush-accom
ment of. any great purpose ro.ust fail, unles
oing:larded and controlled by the guardian care
of nita gives direetlo3:o3 to allhuman affairs.
oii Ills `limier and good pleasureritf
aliresults mint
- depend. - On Him we should rely in a spi
humility and Ohristian confidenee.
- Our republican institutions are based upon the
_
that the -people are the only rightful
- source of -gaffer_ Ender these institutions, thus
foinded, the will of the people reflected through
the ballot box., gives direction to public affairs.
Through this mediate the humble citizen, not
—less.than the most distinguished, can stamp the
bnpress of his will upon the publicpolicy of the
country. , This feature of our Republican aye
. tem is. its great distinguishing characteristic,
and; goided by the general intelligence and pa
triotism of the people, the cause of our sucoess
as a nation. The right of suffrage should,
therefore, be held most sacred and inviolate, and
its, independent exercise enjoyed by every citi
ten. To prepare the minds of , the people. for
'ilia high trust, by general education, by Mein
- enkation of moral precepts and religious truth,
-jahould be fascia - anted the noblest -purpose of the
evernment. All thatwe are, and all that we
kl
can, hope to be, as a ration, is dependent upon
this source of power. The right of the citizen
- over property--lais personal liberty and security
-the freedom of speech and liberty of the press
,:.=the-free toleration of religious sentiment, are
alike subservient to this great-source of human
lair. How important is it, then that this great
bead should' remain' pure and independent.—
'" When the fountain - is pure, the stream ema
ting therefrora' will be also pure." Then, by
promoting the , la:veal and intellectual culture
the. of
People--the sperm and vitality of oar gov
ernment—our laws will be made wise, our insti
tutions be preserved pure, and our country re
main free, prosperous and happy.
The experience , of the world seems to demon
-:- strate that general intelligence and fepublicanism
• must move together. The successful government
•• of the people is the government of intellect, di
-Meted by virtue. A thorough education of the
youth of nurentrary will, therefore, tend far
more to the sera:ay - et our institutions and the
:'maintenance of &ir -national honor, than till oth
er-means besides. Common sehool education,
high _literary adaleatient, a- knowledge of the
arts and sciences, a comprehension of individual
rights, and the principles of the Christian reli
gion, constitute the very bulwark of our repub
lican government. The schemes and machine
tie= of the demagogue will fall harmless before
a s lieople thus thoroughly educated.
',..Theslangerous tendencies of monopoly, and
the :'corrupting influence of money, are met and
counteracted by the power and virtue of this
knowledge. Liberal expenditures by our goy
erninent for the purpose of education, may well
be regarded as rigid economy, and the payments
of the people for the support of this cause, as
pure devotion to republicanism. It should be
• the first care of the parent and the government,
audits fruits armeanted the richest legacies we
- - can leave to tiosteri6a
In the discharge of the various duties of the
office I have just assumed, - it will be my anxious
desire to do "equal and exact justice to all men,
a of- whatever persuasion, religious or political,"
__B4 -especially to advance the interest of this
great Commonwealth—to increase the resources
•a of her treasury—husband her means—diminish
her debt, turilelevate the standard of heramedit
-:to :favor -such measures as may be calculated
. -to develop her vast resources, and stimulate
• alike her .agricultural, miming, manufacturing,
f,_ Mechanical and commercial interests, and co
-
operate 'most cheerfully with the legislative
hrearkof the government in the adoption of such
policy as May tend to lessen the present onerous
btorthens of the people.
- Our vast debt should be reduced as rapidly as
taracticable. Its injurious effects upon the growth
of :our population, and the migration of capital
• to the State, is much more potent than the casual
observer would suppose. This may not be most
readily accomplished by a too parsimonious use
of the means already secured to the treasury.—
It may be wise to apply a portico of these to
complete public improvements now far advanced
in construction, but yet unproductive. The
_abandonment of such improvements would in
:valve the loss of a large amount of capital al
' ready.expended,. and sacrifice entirely the chances
• of - future returns to the treasury from these
. sciurces.' Indeed the speedy completion of the
North Branch canal, is, in my opinion, consist
_ ent - wi — th the truest principles of economy
Pennsylvania is, perhaps, unrivalled by any
of her sister States in natural elements of great
neas:and wealth. She is no leas the garden spot
of our common country than she, is the " Bey
stone" of the Federal Arch. Abounding in in
exhaustible and varied mineral resources, an
abundance of well located water power, admire
-big-adapted to manufacturing and mechanical
Operations+, together with a vast extent of the
;
best agricultural soil, shesian doubtless employ,
.siitaist mid prosper a greater number of , human
beings than any other State in the Union. Her
ineuntains, her rugged hills and lovely valleys,
are-rich with natural advantages to man. Her
people are intelligent, 'industrious and enterpris
ing, and if not restrained by unwise legislation,
will soon occupy and improve these advantages
_Mei& fullest extent, arid thereby render our be
loved State prosperous Mid wealthy in an emia
neat degree.
A thorough knowledge of the science of agri
culture by our people will have a most beneficial
-- effect, if not quite essential to the prosperity of
our State. I am, therefore, much gratified with
tha.affort now being made to accomplish this
great end. Our own experience, and the history
of - other countries, fully demonstrate the impor
-, Mace of snob scieotifie education. The study
of this science, combined with the practical
la
-bar, of tilling the soil, is no less calculated to
elevate dignify the farmer, than to reward
liim'for his toil. This great first, most digni
fied and independent pursuit of man, so peculiar
,:ll'adatitecl to our State, and the inclinations of
our people. hould command the fostering care
- of_governixtent:
- Pennaylvaida is blessed with a rich abundanice
enst variety of minerals, adapted to the practi
cal uses anal necessities of man. Her mineral
interests constitute a great and growing source
of wealth, Ocintributiug largely to enhance the
receipts of onetreasury. The appreciation thus
given to the value of prpperty—the population
thereby;_suistaineaa—the.improvements made for
.their development and advanem
cent, as well as
the direct trade they furnisli to the public
works belonging to the State, greatly promote
this end.
The rich.deposita of coal and'
and extensive
Aran ore within the borders of our - State makei
her particularly essed Her anthracite cdo
oal;
beds, furnishing: ti choice and cheap fuel for
mesticiptirpesetr, for generating steam for the
stationary and locomotive engine, as well as for
time of our ateamships, give to her a
trade althostiicolugively her own.. For-the snip
- ;:ply of this article; shills without any confider.
able rival. Althongh this trade is comparative,
Tly. in its infaxatY, it h a s.already grown to one of
great magnitude. -
The value of the product of the mine is made
4, mainly by thehealthy, invigorating labor of
the hardy miners, whilst - those engaged in this
trade constitute an' industrious and aaluable
einatituency, with'Whose interests -tare prosper
ity and greatness of our State is identified:
It will afford Me the utmost'pleasure to favor ,
allpmper meat:sures calaulated to advance our
:Ui rc lsth p tuina ;: a -co gri aispo t uri mael try Ybi s : llniti i o sth e tatt em e f tea s in a:b l 3 3 ;l e e i c a : o t a f e nt r ai d a e °°. ctrot7:l ll2 e n diff !T eta sts. h tli e t,
important, this question_ not only,
error s daeus duties of the
of cm, aystent
are
of :The(
---itdainiToils-thFacter o the most - sednetive;
----"artiAtmainly ;
ee ammmt_ :
,stion o f
ineelv i ar er j-5144 a ar g .A'
of praiided for rte redemption The
be taken to:
guard sit'
''lg-titrateziOyi and to' s e c u re • '
-People
_
liee=-Pfithm--2-MediturC----.ithis:.steurity:- may be
measurably afforded by imposing On the corpor
xtors :tn-thefullest-O.ktentZ>;--
-..1..-.l,ol3iijitirja'eflbOte of an.eialSiiii 4 setke,lef
paper. money , , leave been : so fiequB° y demon•
Strated7iii • thie enntitty W.es4,,experrottectir4
it is quite' nrinecestaty tb,,diSouSS
lire iUeation
on this 114asitin:' 1 .1 1 i:Ce 14110rerii# 1 4itimerO lte
mechanic( the*anizfacttirer And miirOltant - 40%
alidetipb - interested in hairiedlotinitentratioji.
No pretext can justify-the creation of a supnia
bundant amount of piper money, and it is•with
painful alarm that I have witnessed a growing
' disposition -aver, the-entirelcountry to increase
the use of this medium; on'a small specie basis,
regardless of the inevitable effects- of the large
accessions of- coitywhicirCalifomiais furnishing
to this country and to the world. Every people
must have a circulating medium, as a-matter of
convenience. Ours should have wbateyer amount
the' "transaction of wholesome
"business a ffairs
may demand ; but unfortunately weare too un
willing to stop' at the proper, period ' in tkelerea
tion of this medium. That as coin becomes
abundant, it should supplant and render unne
cessary the use of paper, 'is to'iny mind the
plainestteliching of common geese; such pre°.
tical effect is demanded by the true interests of
the people. A superabundant ainountef money
of any kind, cannot fail, to enhance nominal
values above a properstandard, and thereby en
gander a spirit of dange rous ; speculation, and in
the end prostrate the great commercial and I .
manufacturing interests of the country. The streets.
manufacturer is more vitally interested in this
than any other question of governmental
Without asound currency, the incidental aid re
sulting to this great interest from the revenue
laws of the general government, can never have
force or stability.
.1 would not he understood by anything I have
said, as holding the opinion that mere legisla
tion, however wise, will give protperity to a
country, while bad legislation may restrain its
energies, no matter what the labor, industry,
virtue and patriotism of the people may be
Wise legislation can only afford opportunity for
the legitimate rewards of natural resources de
veloped by unembarassed labor. There is, per.
haps, no more dangerous political heresy taught
in our land, than that the prosperity of the coun
try is to be created by its legislation. A just
policy can only guard and protect the legitimate
means of production from special privileges, the
devices of the cunning and wicked. The people
. should rely on their own iiireidual efforts, rath
er than the mere measures of government for
success. Legislation should give to all citizens
an equal opportunity of enjoying the natural ad
vantages which surround them. Corporate pow
er and special privileges too often produce the
reverse result, and should therefore only be
grantedlo facilitate the accomplishment of great
public purposes, not within the reach of indivi
dual means. Capital and labor, co-operating in
a proper relative position, have made and will
continue to make our country prosperous and
happy. The rights of the latter should never be
sacrificed to the interests of the former. Special
legislation too frequently has thie teudency.—
Capital can always command employment and
profit—labor, less able to command either, should
receive the watchful care of government.
I am most happy, my fellow citizens, to meet
you in my preset:it capacity, at n period when
our common country is at peace with all the
world and prosperous in an eminent degree.—
The dangerous conflict touching the subject of
slavery, which for a time seemed to menace the
stability of the National Government, has been
most fortunately, and I trust, permanently ad
justed through the medium of what are gener
ally known as the Compromise Measures. The
general acquiescence of the several States in this
adjustment gives assurance of continued peace
to the country anti perminaence to the Union—
permanence to that Union, the formation of
which gave our Nation early influence and dig
nity, of position with the other powers of the
earth. Her rights have consequently been res
pected by all, and her wishes heard with pro
foitnd regard. Li war she has gained a high
character for military prowess, and in peace se
cured the confidence of all mankind. The jus
tice and liberality of her institutions has con
strained the oppressed of every land to seek an
asylum within her limits, and enjoy, under the
ample folds of her National flag, political and
religious freedom.
The continuance of these unequalled bless,
ings is dependent entirely upon the perpetuity
of this great national compact, and this can
only be snared by a faithful observance of the
terms of the constitution under which it was
formed. The Union and the oonstitntion are
one and indivisible. The former cannot exist
without the latter, and the latter had no purpose
but to perfect and sustain the former. He,
therefore, who is not for the constitution, is
against the Union ; and he whb would strike
at either would commit political sacri
lege against the great fabric, sanction
ed by Washington and Franklin. The Fed
eral constitution must be maintained and exe
cuted in all its parts. It is the paramount law
I of each' State, and it is the imperative -- duty of
their respective governments, to assist in the
just and full administration of all its provisions.
To Congress undoubtedly belongs, in the first
instance, the duty of making provision to carry
into execution the intent of this instrument;
but it is the right and duty of the States, mov
ing within the limits of their reserved rights,
to co-operate with the general government in
this legitimate work. They should certainly
never attempt, by means of their legislation, to
embarrass the administration of the constitution.
Such interference cannot fail to engender hostile
feelings between the different sections of the
Union, and if persisted in, lead to a separation
of the States. So far as legislation of this kind
can be found on the statute book of this State,
it should be speedily repealed. Of this charac
ter, I regard the great portion of the law of 1847,
prohibiting the use of our State prisons for the
detention of fugitives from labor whilst await
ing triaL In that work I shall most cheerfully
participate, as I shall also aid, as far as I may
properly do so, to suppress all attempts to resist
the execution of the laws of Congress, whether
providing for the rendition of fugitives from
labor, or for any other constitutional purpose.
The necessity for such action it fully demon
strated by the fetal consequence resulting
from such an attempt, recently occurring within
our own borders.
The loyalty of Pennsylvania to the national
Union cannot be doubted. She is now as she
ever has been, for the constitution and its com
promises; She will maintain and execute, in
I letter and spirit, the several adjustment meas-
urea as passed by the late Congress, on the sub- , 1
eet of slavery. She regards these measures as 1
a permanent settlement of this dangerous geo
graphical conflict, and will discountenance, to
the full extent of her influence, all attempts at
future agitation at the questions settled by
them. She has planted herself on the constitu
tion, and guided by its wise provisions, will seek
to do justice to all sections of the country,- and
endeavor to strengthen the bonds of the Union,
by cherishing relations of amity and fraternal
affection between all its members.
I need say no more, my fellow-citizens, of the
importance of the Union. You are, lam con
fident, abundantly impressed with its magni
tude. Without union our liberties never could
have been achieved, without it they cannot be
maintained. With the dissolution of this na
tional compact would fall the hopes of the world
for republicanism—the cause of political and
' religious liberty—the peace and prosperity of I
our people. To the end, then, that its great
blessings may be preserved, and its advantages ,
vouolumfed to posterity, it becomes the duty. of
all to yield a patriotio submission to the laws
constitutionally adopted, and cherish feelings of
affectionate intercorse between the several mem
, bers of our glorious Union. Admonished so to
do by the immortal Washington, let the injunc
tion be regarded by each and all of us with
Christian fidelity. Let our habits of acting,
thinking and speaking of the Union be. as though
it, were indeed "the Palladium of our political
safety and prosperity—watching for its preser-
Iyatiou with jealous anxiety, discountenancing
- Whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it
can in any event be abandoned, and indignantly
frowning at the first dawn of any attempt to
alienate any portion of our country from the
rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now
link together the various parts." Then shall-we
have performed our whole duty—day to our
selves-,to our sister States, and to the cause of
republicanism throughout the world.
ar The Ladies' Assooiation of Friende of
Hungary are doing well. They numbered two
huared and eeven4y at noon, on yesterday ; and
are rapidly increasing their numbers. We predict
th a t f rom this movement There will come more
"material aid" than from any other enterprise.
The ladies are warmly enlisted in this cause.—
They" are always side of Love and
Mercy. •
- .
Res, COB' . 24.
• _DIVO- olur„i- Jalt.-,,,
~.0.
. ,
FOBREE,T
New 2 . , Forriiit.7'
in iha-,, her ://24?
ch , •
.jury pronounce l.. -The
. Vf:-.•7'
ran - • - -;-: - -
- ' ~,ardict,
~..noyl." i,lidgl4ll7. :.a
is
•,"-Il!/e,'"!- 164t, t! . ---- - -.." gu ilty :;'DEo4,(44 '...,-
- '
,Im,VO.
~
__..-...--- •
';isa gii*: --._ka----!, ok:iltqf'. '-',-.
.----
43-etii, 41:14e
'' ,'-. ": --
amount In irony ,
adollars
ihiath°
f3a'''''ifll - '-' 4liilii
6 ""
-•—•:- k:.'t:.
OFFWt4 JUIIBIV4I QF'3Yil CITY >. c • `;.
tivactHAUff!_4',...4.4TilikVAoo l tOr s
Harper & *HA * . s,c4 . li4c PrOpriateri;;:i.
{ '~v~
TUESDAY DIOENING
DEMOCRATIC TICKET.
Pall PRESIDENT OF TOE UNITED STATEs :
JAMESIISUCFIAN AN,
(Tr PrSitSYLVA.NI A .;
Subject ta-lissisitavtif=the-Denocratic ficnenti Vonvennon
' , •
• ' FOR VICE-PRESIDENT :
WILLIA..NI R. KING,
Or AI. ADA RIIA
Subject to the same decision.
far The address to KOBSOTII from the \tin•
Were of different denominations, will be deliv
ered to-day a three o'clock, by the Rev. Dr.
McOnt, in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church
on Sixth street., between Wood and Smithfield
This address, together with the reply,
we expect to publish in the Post to-morrow.
Gov. Bigler's Inaugural Address
The crowded state of our columns yes•
terday morning deprived us of the pleasure
of giving this interesting document to our
numerous readers. Our columns were
already full of matter of great interest to
the public at the present time. Kossuth,
the late Governor of Hungary, is in town,
and we lure Surrendered our columns to
become a recce of his movements, and
those of his. Iriends, who have received
him with so much enthusiasm, The peo
ple, for the day, are unprepared to think
of any one but Kossuth and his patriotic
mission.
We have, however, read Governor Big
ler's Address, and fully endorse every sen•
timent he has uttered, and will refer to it
in detail in a few days. Our paper of to.
day is a rich one. It not only contains the
sound DeinoeratiC Address of the Govern•
or of Pennsylvania, but the fervent appeal"
of Governor Kossuth. We hope that both
will be perused by the public with profit
to the readers.
THE FESTIVAL FOR HUNGARY
The Festival, at Masonic Hall,
.yester
day, was, perhaps, the greatest demonstra
tion in favor of Freedom that has ever been
made in Pittsburgh. The immense Lecture
Room was filled to overflowing. with the 1 ,
beauty, and intelligence, and patriotism of I
our city and its vicinity; and the speech
of the great leader was pronounced amid
breathless silence, and deafening plaudits,
according as his profound arguments and
startling oratorical displays met the ears
of the audience. We regard the address
of Mr. Looms as a most chaste and beau
tiful production; but the reply of Kosstrrtt
was like his own great mind, an emana
tion that evades comparison. It is do
quent, chaste, sublime, beautiful, and pow
erfully argumentative.
The chair was taken at three o'clock,
by A. W. Looms, Esq., and ex-Governor
Johnston, Mayor Guthrie, of this city,
Mayor Fleming, of Allegheny, Gen.
Markle, orWestmoreland, Th. Umbstaet
ter, Esq., and C. 11. Loomis, Esq. A
large number of the musicians of our city.
under the direction of H. Kleber, Esq.,
were arranged in front of the speaker, who
enlivened the scene with soul-stirring
Kessunt being introduced to the multi
tude by Win. 4V. Irwin,Esq., he VMS ad
dressed es follows, by A. W. Loomis, Esq
ADDRESS DT A. W. LOOIIIIS, ESQ.
Participating in the universal sentiment of
kindness to your person, respect for your char
aoter, and admiration of your services in the
cause of freedom and humanity, we bid you a
sincere, a cordial and enthusiastic welcome.
Politicians of all parties, sectarians of various
denominations, philanthrophits of all classes,
happily and joyfully unite and harmonize in thin
spontaneous demonstration.
The Pillars of Hercules are past, the lofty Al•
leghenles have been surmounted, and now you
stand, for the first time, in the very entrance to
the great Valley of the Mississippi. Before you
are multiplied evidWa of industry, of enter
prize and prosperity. The hand of toil and the
spirit of liberty have gathered around the moul
dering ruins of Fort Duquesne ; the elements
of power, the evidences of wealth, and the
means of defence. Before you lies a region of
wonderful and surpassing interest. In the ag
gregate and diversity of happiness, prosperity,
and promise, the world cannot produce its paral
lel. Institutions the most liberal, governments
the most free, combined with singular advanta
ges of soil, of climate, and of commerce, have
given to the enjoyment of life, realities never
surpassed by the truths of history, and rarely
equalled in the creations of fiction.
Though, in the characters and habits of those
who dwell in that extraordinary valley, you will
doubtless find some things to censure and con
demn, you will find many to love and admire.
A manly spirit of independence, an indomitable
love of liberty, are leading traits in the charac
ter. They bow submissively before the power
of the Almighty, but before none other unless it
has emanated from the people. Tyrants and
tyranny are unknown among them. To oppres
sion they will never submit. They will sooner
surrender existence than liberty. Many a battle
field has afforded sanguinary evidence that they
are insensible to fear. Among such a people
you will find sympathies in harmony with your
feelings ; aspirations delightful to your heart.
The States of the West owe their origin and
much of their singular development and almost
miraculous growth, to the great system of free
government established by the federal constitu
tion. That system was the result of ages of
trial and suffering, of discipline and prepare-
While the power of steam and the wonders of
electricity reposed among the undivulged mys
teries of nature, improvement was scarcely per•
eeptible. Now the brief period allotted to the
life of man beholds more of progress and im-•
provement than the lengthened days vouchsafed
to the patriarchs.
Once, old governments were seldom subverted
or new ones established—stability and duration
were inscribed upon the existing order of things
and the prevailing systems of government. Now,
under the magic influence of our liberal insti
tutions, new organizations of government, with
all the appliances of enlightened freedom and
regulated liberty, sprung into being like the
Goddess of Wisdom from the teeming brain of
Almighty Jove.
Other stars will soon arise in our political fir
mament to run their destined courses around
the great central luminary of constitutional free
dom- Other states, now covered by primeval
forests, will, ere long, become the free and hap
py abodes of the oppressed of every clime.
Here is emphatically the great and glorious
,4 Temple of Liberty." Reared by the toils,
adorned by the genius, enriched by the acqui
sitions of the votaries of freedom ; it ie, and
ever will be, the object of our devoted affection.
With us, liberty---the love of its enjoyment, is
not regarded merely as a sentiment, a princi
ple, a logical deduction, an appropriate unit in
the eternal order of things, but an instinct, a
spontaneous,. resistless, and overwhelming pas.
aim. The American citizen expects to feel in
his daily experleoce the influence of liberty, of
order, of proteotioa and subordination, as om ,
tainly, as.the genial influence , of the , greAt lutol
aartaf Heaven; He would regard itimilfier
slow ea&eat d'cOliniitY , as the existe n ce , of the
~yluu that
temple libertyis a living, - peOlad
..
ing.o3lMlirs late, onzootMo cootrolling name;
~~.-
itiuttiityie.-palpaitlepOtentintexisteutte, Thieugh
all the organizationi of 'Dili 'Widely extended
~nation,, those vitaf2:-,nlementM,'4un a ceaseless
course ; security, ,protection and pros
perlty to ; mi lions -of intitiperidOrand content-
AmtdrierierißeitiattAielergeous canopy sits
etOroatiti in trip hearts and affections
ofidore - AtiOwenty minnow' off
.people. Her
''YPP:lettiff:-*ti'corarnandfithe adMiration of the
'world. Before her influence creivrts and thrones
and sceptres will ultimately disappear from the
earth. At the sound of her voice, kings and
tyrants quake and tremble. Yielding to the
'impulse of her silent but augmenting power, we
fondly hope and devoutly pray that in God's
own good time, despotism may flee from the
Habitations of the oppressed, and man himself
everywhere, asserting his dignity, and his rights,
-may, amid the acclamations of political redemp
tion, attain his legitimate destiny.
To all these scenes you have received a cor
dial welcome. The voice of this republic severed
the Chains of your captivity and restored you
to freedom. Her flag delighted your vision on
a foreign shore, her batteries gave you protec
Lion across a distant sea. Delighted and happy
in the enjoyment of such institutions and bless
ings, we sympathise with the aspirations and
efforts of freedom in every land, wherein and
Wherever the devoted patriot arises and asserts
the rights and dignity of man, we hail him as a
brother, and cheer him onward in his career.
In the struggles of your -patriotic people for
liberty, the hopes and the sympathies of this na •
tion mingled with their efforts. Thanks to Al
mighty God, the crescent andti r e star stoodlike
the pillar and the cloud of old between the des
pots of the North and the favored of the Lord.
We sympathise sincerely and deeply with the
sorrows and sufferings of your afflicted country.
One brave heart survives that will never quail at
the approach of despotism, one trumpet voice
that will never tremble before the insolence of
power.
You now enjoy the powerful and -cordial pro
tection of a republic that can securely defy the
world. Her power at home and abroad is abun
dantly adequate to the protection of her princi
ples and the safety of her rights.
Proceed on your mission under the eEgis of
her Constitution. Speak freely, speak confi•
dingly to her people—the voice of freedom is
music in their ears—the herald of liberty is
sacred in their eyes. Their instincts and im
pulses yield to the influence of persuasion, but
not to the terror of the sword.
You have received honors never before ac
corded to any Man unconnected with our history.
and our struggle for freedom. These, and all
the indications around you proclaim n profound
and pervading interest and sympathy in your
person, your efforts, your prinoiples, your des
tiny and your country.
We love liberty and ardently desire its ditfu•
sion throughout the world. Before God and man
we fearlessly and earnestly proclaim our feelings
and sympathies. No league of tyranny—no
combination of despotism—no concentration of
power—no, not the world in arms can restrain
whatever expression of sympathy or determina
tion of action the American people may deem
appropriate to their interests, their power, their
position and their principles.
JANUARY 27
AT TEE
PITTSBURGH FESTIVAL,
Monday, January 26, 1852.
Kossuth said—Sin: The instructive and high
ly interesting information which your kindness
afforded me about the peculiar character of that
new world of wonderful and surpassing interest.
in the very entrance of which I now stand, im
presses my mind with a presentiment of unlook
ed for and unexpected events.
Since I am in the United States, I always felt
a kind of majestic attraction towards the West.
It was as if my guardian angel whispered into
my care that there, there is the place where the
hopes of my bleeding country will be realized,
and the anxiety of my heart relieved. It was
a sort of unconscious instinct. It was like a ray
shooting up to the horizon from the yet unseen
sun. You, sir, have shown me the sun in the
full majesty of its lustre and of its waving
flames. I humbly thank you for it You have
transformed the instinct of my heart into a con
scious conviction of my mind. And here upon
the very threshold of that West, I bow with ad
miring awe, but also with joy, before it, like as
the fire-worshipping Thebans of old Persia,
bowed before the rising sun, as the source of
light and life.
Indeed, sir, it is a great and joyful view to
see, as you were pleased to say, politicians of
all parties, sectarians of various denominations,
philanthropists of all classes, uniting in the
spontaneous demonstration of sympathy for a
cause which a humble unpretending stranger
pleads. I, for my humble self, see—with thank-
Iful acknowledgement of the bounty of Provi
dence—in that fact, the revelation of the truth
that like as the magnetic fluid pervades the
whole universe, so there is a sentiment which,
independent of party affections and bubbling
passion, pervades the breast of all humanity
And that is the love of freedom, justice mad
I right. The chord of freedom passes through
the hearts of all mankind, and whoever touches
it elicits a sound of harmony. Tho harmony is
in the ohord—not in him who touches it.. There
is no skill in the breeze which sweeps through
the. YEalian harp ; and still a sweet harmony
bursts forth from its vibrations That harmony
of sympathy which I meet is the most decisive
proof, gentlemen, that the cause which I plead
is indeed the cause of liberty, the love of which
sparkles in the breast of all humanity. And in
deed so it is. Allow me to take this for the top
ic oT my addresi.
Gentlemen: The cause of Hungary, were it
not intimately connected with the cause of Eu
rope—nay, I dare say, with the cause of free
dom on earth—the cause of Hungary were, in
in itself, worthy of your country's protection;
and the operative sympathy of all generous men
on earth.
5.47:
•,• • ••• ••K•0i".%;4*,., , 47.:,•! :•"*'•
• t
tt it .A v
•• • • .
KOSSUTH'S SPEECH
And in making this claim, I intend not to sup- I
port it by the heroism of my people, or by the
heart-revolting perjury of the treacherous dy
nasty of Austria. My .people hove bravely
fought, but we often meet with heroism in his
tory. My country has experienced the fall per
jury of kings ; other nations have often expe
rienced the same. Our bravest bled on the
scaffold for freedom's sake; but that is the sad
fate of freedom's struggle not crowned by suc
cess. Tyrannies are always cruel when they
have the power to be so : it is only the people
which knows to be generous in victory. Or, let
me rather say, it is the people which was gen
erous—for the future I hope it will be just. I
hope this, not because there is a deep truth in
those words of the poet, who, though he thought
but of his dear " green Erin" which he loved as
if it were
The.draL dower of the earth
The first gem 01 the, sea,'
was the interpreter, not only of Irish sentiments
but of the feelings of all oppressed humanity
when he sung
Revenge on 5 tyrant 'is sweetest of a
No, gentlemen, it is not for that reason I say
that I hope, when the oppressed nations of Eu
rope strike once more the blow, they will not
stop half way, and will not saorifice their future
to untimely generosity : but I say this, because
they have all too cruelly paid for the lesson, that
with tyrants there is no faith, so there shall be
no transaction with them.
Gentlemen, it is not on account of allthose
claims that I say, Hungary's cause in i th tself,
were worthy of the support of every friend of
freedom on earth: my olalm is founded upon
the feet, that it is in Hungary where, by the - Who will he free themselves must strike the blow.
most striking violation of the laws of nature's
God, were trampled down those principles upon We are prepared for it: and to say more, aphist
which rests the very exstence of the indepen- Austria we require nobody to fight for us.—
deuce of nations on earth;et and therefore if the Take away the prestige of Russian aid, and I—
law of nations is not restored to its full value strong in the confidence of my people, will
there, where it was trampled down by saerilig. crumble it with one single battle, as 1 crush this
ions violence, there will be no security ! to na- paper in my hand. No 1 claim the maintenance
tional independence, and to the self-government of the Law of Nations,—which establishes the
of whatever nation on earth. The precedent is right of every nation to dispose of its own do
laid down ; the league of despots will make it a mastic concerns---against that flagrant violation,
rule, and humanityhaving quietly adopted the by foreign interference, to rob freedom, lade
precedent, will hear a united hue and cry of all pendence, and self-government of the European
the despots of the world against every people Continent, now lies sacrificed, a bleeding victim.
that dares to appeal to the right of indepeud- And, suppose I succeed in my mission—which
ence and self-government. Without principles I indeed consider to be a sacred one, because it
recognized to be inviolable on earth, and put is the cause of all oppressed nations, and of all
under the guarantee of the indignation of all who will yet have to feel the weight of the
mankind, there is no right, no law sure on earth, league of absolutism, raised upon the principle
more ; no nation can more be the master of its of Russian interference in Hungary. Suppose
own destiny, and oppression in a new form, un- I succeed in my sacred mission:—what will be
heard of in history, will rule the world. the immediate result of it ? Russian interference
Yes, oppression in a new form, gentlemen.— checked, Hungary will crush the tottering power
History has recorded the time when one migra. of the Austrian dynasty. That dynasty crushed,
ting nation has driven another from its territory. Italy becomes delivered from foreign dominion,
It has recorded the era of conquest, and it has and will playfully dispose of its little domestic
recorded many a mournful issue of unsuccessful tyrants, alike powerless as furious by them
domestic) struggle against oppression at home:. selves. In Austria, the nation will become free,
But the new doctrine that all the despots; of • And instead of being employed to fetter Reese
the world have a right to interfere with witty:, Cassel or Schleswig Holstein, will become an
attempt to resist oppression at home and iMPeFtant ingredient of flermon 'independence—
to replace domestic affairs at home—the new taeraiall liberty. And, at the contemplation - of
doctrine, that - to alter the forti of govern= -this ' i
glorous result of a new and successful
ment and the institutions of a country, neith, struggle n Hungary, burning shame - will Mount
er the will nor the power of the respective to the cheek of the *each, and. the inglorious
nation is sufficient , sectuity, becalms 'every usurpation of Louis Napoleon will be shaken off
oppression is safe-gtutrded 'l4 the "Czar; and like empty Jetrsw• :„..'••
_,
put under the guarantee - of-the principle of Those who are so% I ,l l9ser:Whq fear to be op- -
absolutism, raised to 4110 position: of an arbiter pressed in Europe,—those wb are i n t ere sted in.
in the person of the Ax,ttocrat , of litutsia-4-tlio the cause- by their' actiie anderings„ add their
doctrine m'oneinore dangerous to hustaadti tban , well founded :fearis4--theie =who cerperienee' Ire'
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anything that theVorlidlutiyetentau elemPelY, _
there was:a hops thlit , oppreiala;;OV l A :c "- 0
with the deatKot:nnetppressor,iithltlaler
able opportubity to shake-offtblelYoltli7ertit fu
tem nerAtriclyhopOemeitiefheeit:iiie,S edo * a n d
itedePetidencd are,rhy precedent
declared innit'asiStent With-Abe principle of: abso
iiititrat(iiii:earth f. and the security of abseliffism
isdeeltired.icanpremeriil4itieiorablO iker'hell
yield.
Now,
to 'Which every other consideration must
Now, indeed, there are many strange things
in the world, and "not to wonder at anything,:
is an old rule of classical wisdom. Ent even 1,
accustomed in the school of adversities not to
be easily surprised by strange things, could not
forbear to be astonished when, with the view of
these, alarming facts before the eyes of the
world, I first heard my humble claims contra
dieted by telling me that the cause of Hungary
was not worthy of much consideration, because,
after all, it is only the cause of our enemy.
I have read in history that the Borgias were
wont to say that Italy is like the artichoke—
[The Governor refers to the European Prickly
Artichoke.]—it must be eaten leaf by leaf. Let
me tell those who don't care about the violation
of nations in Hungary because it is but in Hun
gary—let me tell them that the freedom and in
dependence of the world is like the artichoke; not
even the jaws of despotism can swallow it at
once, but only leaf by leaf; but he who is per
mitted to dispose of the leaves of the artichoke, is
the master to dispose of the whole.
And, do you know, gentlemen, with what ar
gument that strange depreciation of the cause
of Hungary is supported by my opponents?
They say, I myself confess my cause to be that
of one country only, because, there is, in my
views, an ostentation of noninterference, which
proves that I have no intention to benefit other
nations, because I will leave them abandoned to
their oppressors. Now, indeed, I may be per
mitted to ask, is there no truth hethe world sure
enough not to be distorted into a mockery?
Russia is the principle of evil on earth. The
assurance - to have the support of the Czar in the
work of oppression makes every petty tyrant
bold, and the assurance to have to meet Russia
either directly or itthis satellites, makes every
oppressed nation depressed in spirit, and des
ponding in hope to resist oppression successfully'
because it has to calculate not only the forces
of its own oppressor, but also in addition, the
forces of Russia, ready to support every despot
who cannot succeed to beat down the spirit of
freedom in his own country by his own force.
This certainty of Russian aid is dedisive in
the scale of events—not as if the Czar were
very powerful for himself, but because, he is
powerful as a rearguard—as a support. We
have fought the emperor of Austria; we have
beaten him, crushed him to the earth, till he
flew to the foot of the Czar, mendicating his aid.
Our victories were, of course, not gained with
out sacrifice on our part. You know that on
the battle field it is not only the vanquished who
have to mourn over a loss. You know that your
"brave Duquesne Greys lost in one action more
than half their men. Now if, after a
gained at such a price, when the enemy is
feated but the rioter himself also weakened, fa
tigued and exhausted, Russia steps in with 41
fresh force, well provided with every means of
war ; that circumstance of course must turn the
scale, though that force be not absolutely form
idable in itself. Herein lies the reason why
Russia is dreaded so much. It is not powerful
in itself. It cannot send more than 250,000
men arose the frontier, and never had more
than 100,000 men assembled on one battle field.
But with this force it is formidable as a rear
guard, falling fresh and with full weight upon a
nation when it is exhausted by its very victories.
You have conquered Mexico with a handful of
your brave men,—and a glorious deed it was.
But suppose that after you had defeated your
own enemy, your regiments, exhausted by victo
ry, would have to meet at the very evening of a
hard battle day, a new, fresh host of only 100,-
000 well disciplined, well provided men : what
would have been the fate of your gallant army
which entered the city of Montezuma'.'
That is the condition of the European conti
nent. That is the key of Russian preponder
ance. Now be pleased to consider the practical
devlopement of consequences. Russia, in vio
lation of the law of nations, interfered in • such
a manner in Hungary, when we were exhausted
by our very victories, and had no time and no
means to repair our losses. And Russia has sent
in support of its fresh army, the still more dan
gerous power of its diplomacy,—of which I will
ask the liberty to say something hereafter.—
W ell, by this interference we were trodden down,
and Austria was restored—not to its independent
position—that is lost forever—but to a position
of a tyrant at home, obedient to the wink of his
master abroad. What was the consequence ?
Relying upon the precedent established by Rus
sia, the King of Naples, the fleet of the Queen
of Spain, and, above all, degraded France inter
fered in Rome, and the glorious Republican
struggle of Rome, worthy of the brightest days
of the Eternal City's history, was crushed. The
Emperor of Austria, and the King of Prussia,-.--
both ambitious—both relying on Russian aid—
were both quarrelling about who should rule
over Germany. Some German papers raised a
cry about the horror of a battle of brothers,—
whereas it would have been buts quarrel of am
bitious tyrants, out of which Germany might
have issued a free nation, delivered from both.
Well, before they drew the sword, of course they
went to the Czar for permission and advice. The
Czar told them at Warsaw—"l forbid you to quar
rel; and I order you to unite for the reconstruction
of the German confederacy of 1815, without the
slightest addition of whatever Constitutional ele
ment. Yon, both Austria and Prussia, are order
ed to send your armies to Hesse Cassel,to interfere
with its domestic concerns, and crush down by
your bayonets, the lawful resistance of the
people, against the praiseworthy undertaking of
the Grand Duke, to tear to pieces the sworn
Constitution of the land. And, as to Schleswig
Holstein, which dared to claim its national right
of Independence, the German Confederacy having
dared to countenance the rebellion, shall, for
punishment, now have to do the contrary, and
will have to request Austria to send an army
against Schleswig Holstein, because I want the
whole of Denmark, with all its appurtenance's,
conserved in its integrity, as a satrapy for my
servant and nephew, who has to inherit the
Danish dominimons." So ordered the Czar;
and so it was done. And after it was done, the
Czar again, ordered the withdrawal of the pa
geantry of the Constitution, which the Emperor
of Austria had promised in the hour of need, to
the Austrian Empire. Well, it was withdrawn.
The Czar of course, does not like the word
" Constitution " in his satrapies, even if it be
not intended ever to become a reality. And
when every popular movement was crushed,
every shadow of freedom withdrawn, the scaffolds
of Hungary and Italy saturated with blood, the
prisons filled with martyrs, the exiles driven
from every asylum in the uropean Continent,
and permany reduced toa condition worse than
whet the Unholy Allianoe was at the-full tide,—
thee the Czar wrote an autograph letter to Louis
Napoleon, the perjured President of France,
and ordered him to strike the death blow to the
French Republic, securing him of his Imperial
grace and benevolent support. And Louis
Napoleon, obedient to that power which sent
his Uncle to St. Helena, struck the blow.
That is the condition of Europe now. And
every oppression, every sacrilege is evidently to
he traced to the common source of evil, to that
overwhelming preponderance of Russia, imposed
upon Europe, by its interference in Hungary.
And what is that I humbly beseech the people
of the United States to do for my people? Is it
that you should fight Austria for us ? No ! a
thousand times NO
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-; ,
MEE
their own conditionLthidreadM:pregrei*Otlid foCtie!..,44.liiifillting,6; a.4_t.lity2. r ott:' ~' P4.,',. bk.
teluthierem-reaults, cif,..:Russian'interferettee,iti ..t.hurgs an therstra:belieVOTtiartioP4he, hada It
Hungary, all 1111(10Taka-tair*elttlfii(j;liatiorte easier and'xittettlif4 tri*lgy:cupkgsfitis, ligewyL;
P
anne orm Y.eauss, and the*eiglit;Opityjnissien,. to impress the,world,Witira.belief tuft etretigth - . - -..
It is, therefore;' thatthii-Poor - Hungarian exile, she has not, that - -lo lti fo Orginline 02 Oft
once ruider!thef-pio7iimitiokof the Star spangled that strength. _ . . ... .dilu _
Banner, 16`45,14'lled*itli:unia ridleled sympathy, And to come-to that aim, BUssian dip lomacy
and accompanied hi bia:mlssion`rbr the: warm is not restimti'd to diplomatic prtleeedingiti
wishes of. atiMis 0 Aiffeientillimatps, of differ- Brilliant saloons of fascinating ladies; .as well ,
eat races, from Sweden deism to Portugal and as.marriages, are equally departrneuttf , C f Ittu..
Italy. Who could hive imagined, that having shin-diplomacy.
this verdict of Europe with - me., here, in free, The secret service money at the . dispisaVvt.
.
republican /interim, I should meet the objectien all other diplomatists, is alrrays liniited.,2elat
that I plead egotistically, but my own country's has only been exceptionally used.; Dtit , ei
Mule, which after , all; is but one country, and Russian diplomatist, in whom confidence it( re.
nothing else- .T.. 0 Po sure .I advance-the,V.ll4oe. posed, has ur4imited,credit and is allorredieu. die - ! :
of non-interference, because it is written to the horse any sumto 'o,-ol'ne-ie"atL'taeqn'atiVnintiv.,
eternal Laws of Nature and of Natures God,— Their traditional 13xperiencp,leachesetliera hciw'
because without this' principle there is no to attain their- plaint ; ; th eir- dila:meth:ln on be '
„indepenslence of nritie*on_earth, and with- relied OD ,ttla heyDraellOtii. rotery,,,,pertsibll
out independence, no freedom, no self-gov.. means of reaching men, directly' and Italica*,
eminent. Bat I-advetiateithis principle not as pulling frig - neatly:the stringaEofetherortghly un-,
an exclusive privilege for country, but consciouepoppits.---....,--____
as a Law of Nations, as a oirmmon.benefit to all In Constautinople,-.that,great—work-shop of
humanity. And, if it should be-my-lot to ale- diplomatic-skilh.Witirtlry of le -, ' , re... - elatte interest
ceed in this my mission, I would feel entitled to thanNvaibestowed-uponlittill now.
from : Amer.
the conviction that I hOTODIOre elregtivelyserved ica—because there wilt lie struck the: the most •
the cause of fieedom on earth; than if I were dreadful blow:hi:the indeperdence'OeVsiiV e- -
'
going on with an army of half a million heroes, in Constantinople; where ..RuSiiit,WßlAirreit
from land to land, to proclaim republican insti- grand vizier out ef:olliceit -does u o t,,i i ttbik . .
tutions with. him : it praises kite ratliir; and Spiends , ther
Let interference be checked; let nations be- rumor of, having,him,inimo,y,Lavvios sure
come—as they ought to be—the masters . of their Hutt foreign-influential. diplonatitsWirtfito, oat
own fate, and rely upon the, magic, power of, for it the hatedt ratati-vizier. , A zWiimer,llieiithi
your glorious example. Republican institutions er hand, a grand vizier is waveritiglit hittytositiOn;
will spread as the light of the sun from.the clear and. Russia_ likes him to eentinne; , iiVtlifteci;lt
sky. Yes, gentlemen, though the .cause of my attacks him witktbe-greatest. eitioitiarotor.6nli?
country were in itself, worthy of your generous Hefty. '' - "," - '''-•-' .-- - -.'- -.....t x ,..f.,7.; - „..,...,
sympathy, still it is not upon the narrow-ground Russia hates.llotalWiys the min Thentrikrtp. ,
of one country's cause,.thatl ask your generous pears , to hate, and loves, notilitiff.:ooatin
support- My ground is broad as the world, be- whom it appears to love. Russian diplotadoiht
cause it is the ground of eternal principles of a subterraneons power,ddipperYliketiflualte‘- , .
1 international law, common to all humanity burrowing like the mole ;, and wkcii...it„htus - to
t Mn. President! A great crisis in human oome out in breld .day.light,_it Writchea te:the: - .7
1 affairs, instinctively, universally felt to be ap loft when it looks to the right llUnsittitiVittlif-':
preaching, has placed my humble self in the struotions never to allow her to be-lEll3Oly de ...f,"
singular position of being able to claim for the fended by tho.preis. That Watild r lead - t0 , di5 7 :: . .. - ,
cause I represent, a universality which is not mission and further exposure:',With regard to
restricted by the geographical limits of Cerrito- herself, she wants silence -L.-the silence of the
ries, or by the moral limits of nationalities. I grave. But her agents devote months of SOILODi,'
preach principles indispensable to the independ ing, and any sums required. to atlabh-her...epp0,.......
ence of nations; and the crusade of these pria nents, to get up discord, or the appearance --of',
pies I preach not against Austria, which has no division amongst , them, or to popularize any.
vitality by itself, but against the principle of 'momentary view which suits her,poVey, eivi.dte - .J.':....
evil, Russia. I can appeal to my political course delights in doing so through apparently Atestiloi:
since my departure from Turkey—nay, to my and therefore unauspected'agents. 7 •- , -;',.' -
suggestions in Turkey, which I honor and love— So is Russia powerfu Vift
l*: ii.igi1,14,4-146.4% . .
that I have always dismissed Austria in a few as a rearguard to-stipport nAeciy gespots .. 7withf.
words, as a dead body which moves only by Res- powerful by itamihenclifiey.laiiet-iniPiguropetin :
sian galvanism. I have dismissed that Austria continent; powerful-by having Fished:Other:des - ' 7
we have twice crushed in the field, and will pots into extremities Where • theYhivtliti - all
crush easily a third time, now her independence independent vitality, and coold„niat:-iitil4o 3. "
in evil is gone. I have dismissed her in a few themselves but by throwing d:naelves fitpleatr 4 ~ -,..
words, to attack_the Russian despotism, that are and discretion into the-iron grits - P..4*v
common enemy of Hungary, and of all mankind, Czar ; but above all, Russia is powerfor,l4e" Hs:- --
which has nothing left in Europe but its enemies secret diplomacy. ,
and its tools—not even.worthy to be classed any But this Colossus, gigantic, s ituppears tdlie
longer its mere accomplices. —the idol - , -..,,:•..,..„‘-t...,; `s -- - - - '• ...'.
No man, therefore, on the pretext of his be- . With front of brava but feet of elay7t - ',::;: - ..Y_
E.
ing connected with or member of adifferent pep
may be overturned—easily overturieft,froirL i
i.
ple—a Berman, Italian, Pole, Frenchman or
frape pedestal, if the glorious nev-bite:o'4kt
on the ground of the comprehensive nature 'of
United States oppoaeg - to it ; with restolute - xiiii - z -
universal sympathies too large to embrace less
!tide, the , tk -.-
Law of Mathias and dose 'kit. iiiiwiro - '
than a whole continent—no one, on the pretext
pies before " accemplishedaritabia tfAter7, :
that he is a universal philanthropist, who feels Find
but interested-in the civil and religious liberty, The mourofnl , condition of Itintgerkiehirisltti- ..1
be pointed out by Providence in the Unftia ,
when he can vindicate it for at least all E urope,
can refuse to grant his sympathies especially to:i States as en cipportnoity to s aws- n i un kintl - fr o m
the cause of Hungary ; because it is the air- Russia without ouy secritioe'Aall';',WhOlicia tgp.: -
cumatancial privilege of that cause to epitomize opportunity lost--I say - ..it
,tkitir the- -,,inapirafieir
all other. If, in fact, I were, for instance, a of p rophe cy—there are IrlairY.,herettt tWIIIO. _
who will yet see the daywhen the linited , Stutqe', -
Pole, a German, or Italian, egotistically patti
shall yet have to wrestle-fop lifeand...fleath:4o."" ~:
olio, and anxious only to serve Poland, Germany
all Europe absorbed by .11ustsia'' • ' ' :,
',-,, , i ! ,, .. 0 .- , , ..:,
or Italy, I could not more readily attain my I know where I stand,.-gen tlemen,
object, than by tan-eking Russia, their only sub- -:Tricltoy,
your power and the indomitable, heroic spirit of"'
stantial enemy.
What would the petty princes of Germany, in 90.11 r people. It is not with .ffivdn'tenacW4ii.,: --
create appreliensimi that I'artytidar r -the'qketPAl -
1848, have been without Prussia? And what
of the United States %are -nrdrOdkeli*tik:''.?; l '' ,- y
was Prussia, when her Capitol was in the hands
know it may be that Russitii-eveannftert -tkikeiftlez
of the people, without the certainty of the
absorbed Europe, , will notdorit,touttactOdtre4tty ,
Czar's support, which imparted boldness to the
King of Prussia, to butcher the people of Ber- the United States. 'But. it tray. tisAb.witiw,
lia r such he could not have dared to do without dare eve n this- Some - ti°l:ttest iensitmll6l7
his son-in-law, the ambitious come--no nation is sufeeig9:l4.tt—tl!e Pill}rit):
the reliance on t2
:-.,...-.-''.
ofpartionlar interestmay cantle 8,563 turß-ent 4 * '
Czar" What would the petty despots of Italy
discord. Russia. will fosterrit, - . kt,its secret . diP' , .. , ....,_
have been without Austria? And:_ what was
lomaoy, to which nothing,•ia- snored- on -earth
Austria when her armies, driven' from the - soil
and when irritation comes*,' the , pitch, ' anti fhr,.
of Hungary, in a series of pitched battles, were
ties of affeetion:beentacfkotpOtent - loo Se y t h eir"
so demoralized that nothing but the treacherous
perhaps Russia may itap-in.in a.,mornet& of :. --
disobedience of a General prevented - our-armies
from extinguishing, in Vienna and Olmutz, the interior ,weakness, from which not the greutrait
nations are exempt: ' Massie will begin _bf-i* di-, ~-
decrepit absolutism of the Hapsburgs'? What
prevented me from afterwards crushing it? The vide," and will perhaps eame-to--Airapera , ".lAll.: - . -
this may tio,PpetCl an sairteitlitti - yesnornOthnt.:,'
aid of Russian despotism!—the intervention of
Russia. Always, and everywhere, each effect one thing lam sore at; mad thatP.3,thotAUSSia.Atsit
is traceable up to the first cause of evill—in and will attack you in - your MOJA Vita littOt.eo3._i
u
and can hurt yotnortally g . witheatiejen..iegortz. ,
which it is the characteristic of this volcanic . s' ...-.-,.:=,',-T,...7- . .
crisis (which by its portentous Sign impresses jug to war-. 7 "'""..- :!---
the hearts and minds of men against their -will) Be sure, gentlemen, ` so sMii....titrlttOluitlPF!„..
achieved the triumph of almolufistiatierbroiffes ,
that all other causes of political evil are ab
sorbed. on the European continent;. and consolidated4t*'
il 'bi
u,ndisputed preponderance;toe- toe stelPia t -
Absolutism has understood and declared that
its repose is impossible, whilst a free Press and to exclude ,the 6011tee'rdn:;;Or Oftriop.'„from.=-.
Europe,' by tr prohibitery,systentofutuit*4 o * -- ' ,- ,
free institutions exist everywhere. At this time
there le_ po free Press..f , ” the -meth/out. of 1 R." - 1 31 - 1 1L-' lt • 1 4us1- 9 - , it.- 1141 41Y . ' 4 7, 9a4 r :::.
preeari — • owzi • o on di- eommerce is tne Ricam t
ottve 'of prineiple%;"?..-,That::
Europe - and exeept lie . _ --- is more sure yet than whata:gentterattrig,:',l_Terr
lion of Belgium tind Switzerland, no free
institutions from the Atlantic eastward. France,
Austria and Prussia, are the three chief Procon
sulates of the Czar. Belgium, Sardinia, Switz
erland and the rest of Germany, trembling on
the eve of absorption ! Turkey on the eve of a
battle for life and death against the traditional
policy of Russia, bequeathed by Paler and point
ed out by the triumphal arch =of Potemkin to
Catherine, in the Krimaa, saying=" there is the
way to Constantinople:"
Formerly the absolutist powers ,adhered at
least to the principle of legitimaoy, to the
principle of the so-called "divine right"
of hereditary dynasties, which they advo
cated by bayonets and the scaffold as superior to
every right, to every law. And provided this
false principle was respected, they did not care
about the regulation of dordestie institutions,—
they did not contradict the development 'at least
of Constitutional monarchies, by which allow
ance the otherwise ineomprehensible attachment
to monarchies was conserved. But now the
despots have thrown away even the principle of
dyna,stieal legitimacy; and they haveadopted as
the only rule of their policy, the principle to
oppress free institutions and constitutionsi goV•
ernment everywhere. And whiever is joining
them in that infernal design "is welcome to the
league, though he be an. Weimer. let him_ be
an enemy of the so-called " divine right" of dy
nasties, oven;—they don't care;for thattPsavid
ed he be an enemy to free institutions an 'con
stitutional governments. Thus it came that4he
legitimate pretender to the crown of France,
Henry, of Bourbon, was• repulsed and rejected
by the despots, while Louis Napoleon, the most
inglorious of all usurpers, was> encouraged by
them to murder, fratricidedly, the French Re
public ; and the. Czar sent an autograph letter to
him assuring him of ,approbation and aid. And
Austria—honoring the man its Russian master,
delights to honor—has also complimented with
its gifts.
War!—war of extermination against free in
stitutions everywhere ; and the establishment of
obsolutism under the protection of the Czar !
that is the principle which, in Europe, goes on
developiug with the Most rapid, most dreadful_
progress. Will the United States---can the Ela
ted States look on indifferently and see the butt
of freedom become extinguished, ray by ray, on
manhood's sky Can they look on indifferently
because seventy years ago it was a wise doctrine,
appropriate to their childhood, not to care about
European matters ?
Let, it not be misrepresented that the obsoln
tistieal powers leagued in the principle of blot
ting out free institutions from the earth, have
already gone do far "isto settle a plan of the par
tition of Europe upon the basis ot absolutism:
It is known and publicly reported that Russia
has decided to incorporate Turkey, and to rule
three quarters of the earth from Constantinople;
and that, to get the willing consent of his tools,
it grants Italy to Austria, Belgium and the
Rhenish provinces to France, and the rest of
Germany to Russia.
The Czar, acting like the Persian Kings of old
when they sent garments of honor to their 83%
traps, flings in the addition of a few provinces
of kingdoms to their satrapies.
And oh! Almighty father of humanity is,
there no power on earth to stop this execrable
annihilation of human and national rights, of
freedom and independence ?--though .thereis a
Republic powerful enough to do so—a Republic
founded upon the very principles which the des
potic powers have put underaniuexerable ban!
Gentlemen, ',have dwelt perhaps too long on
the condition of Europe r bat it was necessary
to show that though there be no Russian eagles
painted over the publie offices in_Germany,
France, still the Russian frontier is really ex
tended to the Atlantic.
People of free America, beware, ere it be too
late! Hurriedly and by eadden violence, all
civil and religious liberty mast,for the repose of
absolutism, be trampled out of Europe ;
„and by
more deliberate perpetuation, by diploMaey, per
suasion and gold, the way must be prepared to
trample it out elsewhere by ulterior violence.
Paie' here I claim permission to say something
about the most dangerous power of Russia—its
diplome o Y
It ,is Worthy of consideration that whil e-ds ffia starves her armies and underpays her RA'
eiale, - who live by peculation, still, abroadAM:
devotes. greater resources to her diplentatty., thai,
any oh9r power has ever done. .
A0449111/16- ffial#ol/Wsli/ehl:ife:-Mili-1,
'Otitu3S4-14 facts, bAt 44*SW respecting
.- .
I,' ",
^, - .- .'
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• ,2 " r-,-:-H;r 24-,61F:40*-:4EW,0,41:i:,;,-,;.:-.*:4:.-::!....-:-..,"1--b.--_,._r-gtz-','---;,,,i,;•:,-•••;-.:•,•-e.•;',-•_-- -?•_-'1i'47=-;••;.4,..•,-4,T.-'iti-Prt'•--'•e:-.;',.:.w.
- -- "*-•`---•-•,- ' i.: ..-*••-; ----"-!---'•`-,'-':;::-•.,..-r-',Z.i:..?;7, .- ~.,,,..,,,, 1/4•7,,-:,-,,-.,,.-..--.-•,.,•?,..,..v--,c,,-
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.::• • i" -,- .-•SZ:: •-•!7;,` I ' NA
-Ik‘ - , - . %- ' - ,-.: ,-, ,• :',' - . ' .. ''-, ''''s: ''''''' '. 7 ;•• ' ,:=, - .,'' ' Z_.' ' ':,;'' ,- . L VHJ''. ' k -'=-,: : , ; •- . •R!, A
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,;:: '',:,:47*.,i'3`.
',._-...
. .
HESE
=MI
MEM
MEN
... ._.__, ~ . .
York so clogneeti,rtoldthat.ft the.ffsariAngl*--;. - ,-:: , _
is a democrat:" AbOliltitiem'could ialorikritiglak .
moment rale.Europe'.."With 'SonOti.tyot:Ettrapee.,=7- -.._
remained in to mix i erciaCintercouree , .witftlinP*l7;;: - _, - ., , ,, : ,,.,
!icon America, And secondly, Russia willies
chide yourtride.frimillurtipe, bectrase-(ntidlet ".. -....
the great valley of - the'lfeetnatirkii)hocaes4, - ,: -- - - fi.
your immensely developing agriculture
most dangerous,
.competitor txr..,Rnesinti Wheart/il, .'.- -• ' .
corn, en the inOrketsrOf.A.**ifgl;:giliier,,you` -., .:._
must.-bebacinded-frout the:tradewith - Enropeo-or •.„ -...
Russia cannot find trtes,rhajcir. itsilamLi': '-;'.": . ss -.'-:`
Only think:geritloned,:.by, n Ocintitientalp#. .-.
hibitive sYstein, ishieh.i.onatio-ithC-44tfIVeg
..-,
result of Russian, prepondessice-÷nnly ,, Autlf„i;
—the wheat, • the corn, ..thel.natemitid "the - to:,
bacco of the United "Etatei,texeltultid-*orn, Ett- .
rope for it . . couple 'ciflearsl: l ;?: - What:a. dreadfa -
catastrophe is Ittriring_iii , -.. fOUr L iireiririeirni-..
PeritTju this"P*4 l o 4l -7 - 4 1 ; - ' ~ ..,..- ,,,,. ..,., , ,t_2 -
And when. mnY'Ttltisl l 4, PPPAi - -1,9,-, - r-,,_ 1 • - "PP!'" •
willing- to ask reel ' , "--Witikurrsn't -, nutusn..s...a.. r •.
single year-,"gOntlemeoli.4rhasike'..lCtritlitr ,,, *
single year,. the, league ; .of deePOte'7l.C.i44 , hat , :i .
tared asunder-4f, within.a-yeariiJOutigary_l:now.,
not at - least commence: Use , fight: for:ltn* - : - -
inde
pendence, which ik'nquirsde4t,'.lareek Water ~
ag ainst - Htisilae - prepotidere4cC - ,..nhis i ltit l fia , , ,
der the:protectorates c,,r:1pzi..44);6.740:1*.-00661..... ,
dated for a long while biaccemplislilegthe par.-4
tition of Ecirope4ithhr.a-,f4tf-K:"':"iicitdea ran
only he balanced by - - palnelidealasol*ltsh;hy
republican Inatiintious--Trntightetiriathit.e4tl,,..
ence by. des-law -of .eatlinsidesPoilstajiyt. o oll`
and re ligious-liberty. - ,Thluis.tbe;:e4U,s_i o :Whin li s
I advocate . .I.t . is not u the : caries of .'. 11. .iixt.*li
alone :it is yonrs — it iiilie.titirlds: ;;"117..Inie:af".. •
determination.de,alisolite..anitieltrettin-ns 'ilia-
_, • - .
'potism. i , - Lc- ;-.. ,__ .. J..4..g.... ~.; .-..,;:-1 .
-... J3 *..., .
have
Hungary weel.L.f been_ .00nlent, if
Russia had . net interfered, - to oppOie defensivSly • ~..
the immediate ,Anstriatu instrumentoPita', - ..0p - J-
pression. ' Now, Is, it is‘; God,:-fee seine beneil....
cent porpose,„ha"4-: - A.lnPlittlte" ft in my -breastjlte -
conviction that the independence of-Eur0p.04154 '....-
the indepetideagi .0 Eiongary,ii_ith,",i , .tin`niitt•
be definitively Securedzon , the:Aleskwa,anttort
the _Neva, in the lirefalin,-and-in,tliegt•lasit .tfalf,of Bt . George '
For„this purpose, in which, aB?lhs4,the 1440..
to state, you yourielfeii!areree*tallfinteitated ,
we do not claimfrom yourto,tighteur battles - for -.,-
us. Lodi - - to the nations. , a -Europe' ..+, greening . "
under Russian weight. -...L00k,...ih - the hiSkUtie, .
to Sweden, end 'fratif"HWitdciii nerose Poltuid • toc -;
Hungary, and frOh/.l4inattiri - -1...-44FW.YsZ 41 4i. t .i* -- --
betve Ciroassia. .-Thelirsh.inaiiptnisahisasiepi.i,".-
hereto, is the indepettilenconfilungary.;iiid. ie..;
this is wanted, somo' - faubstantial.; 'eid , ,:for: n the, -- ..,.
neaelisary.-preparatkine; fied: frea :o*,t.tro: e i with'_': :: ..:
you, and- the prommciation - ,a:thni;Lasts4:l 4 O -- _.
tions, Supported by the authority of,yourVort , ".:'
one position cf.,:t-LiAporrer_v”extly.'. ' - That j 4 -
all . : the' frost - may be, 101, - 19 , : oni';c4rii iiire,c'Wt,k
those chancenWhielle464464'"ln--*4e511.".:L
-at Harrisburg ;:As.n.d during:tny,:."sfay - - - 110 , -Eil z .,r.=
land, at liirittbighani.:_„. , ;:". :„..-,-Z,--,... - -:"4F.
-. Yell,"l'nju'in"4 *tie 471E' " : 'ili * * 7-i.f-'l°'l4-'- - '0 " 16 . ;
tixe riglat of `ererf:natiina t4,...regig4tii its : own. do
mestici concerns to be anoininottlty!:Of iiiaticis.,,.
and foreign interfereeoh a iitilittierref-thia4nW„ _
this -your protestation -will burespeeted:bfßuaj..
,sin." . .-. • : --..--,.---,','-',..,
. -..- -.... .
f If I had the-hen-or -to le-wintszettlif -=th.e 11ni
ted States;_.%".l4ol.4-b416..a 4
higher
'porter and_ osition of tb.i.B—:cgreki:geottb - vp,,404 1
instead of letting 'smch h.:donbtr enter into* ,--
heart, and should be indiried tii..' - talinforArttin',..
suit against Ilds•Ottuntifshoittir; if n.frOigner
dared to pronounce iineh 4 doubt. on* 70iphisp.ess
of our power is thi:Sureet7. , g4eraitOk,lit s, :kur
power—do:Oat ofit, , ielosenfi it.:,- , , , ,... ,, , - ..
B u t I o y,Jtulialti - tri!tiesPelitYbeedielitratin ' n,
-0r else it,w4ll , n - re Silo! . fregoS.rieflee:Anwni to
Turkey andCireassio, Sc Oortnalt. - moves With
160,9 0 !: ta 20;601},n 1 0.'40 1 0 3 t"' 13 iiniatfi- -- (atid
.with realt - dOo4..V , lsi)all 14* '44tri.. - kitalViii- 7 .
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