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' *Ti! «', s\vC” 44 s * ’ fiW *.. . .1 can hardly be passed, by the indignant tion'from the BntisH Charge d‘AfFair«s to the A convention ieiweeaiho twogcrjeramema.forthe » copy, of the laws under tfhiclf each.class -wan anpply tBo omissions of thole who Jjaie fntnlahoßUttls foT the of " v
4*44 44> r’^ a *. mm ITLlTtniTllt sense-oftheeommunity/nponAQSSwho, Departmentof State, ttat hois anthorijed to as- contracted.- s '.' . /.-„ .V#. «**«*. t , a <md atoands m places of rrfSgetodS^
*• •^ 1 -,'> t '44-T, -1 r*.! 'WUUiJ t/vni* being better informed themselves, have yet ® nr * * e Secretary of S tnte that every care wiU |?eu and ik S?thai I have, from the documents furnished A* Agncoltnral ® u^°V?ht^*44“ l ’i^ e went, is remarkably well adapted to ' 4-
-■*£ 4 r4iv-». * J i4 -4 -•-• v t-1 ■—— -•■ - ■ - IpH nwair „ n ri on 4 ,u be taken that, in executing the -preTentivß mei- Some onexpecied dtfficnluet bus delay* )>«««men i. v t j, B s {ftte n f Texas, determined the duty of collecting and cteect m- tory 'warfare; and vo can scarcely hopothatenv , " .
’ . < t-»'*'* a a f 'i 1 * jLj'Stv 'Xl'* -4 f official journal of the city > a Ay thoardorof yoQth and and ill- Against the expeditions, 'svMch'tbe United juUi6»flfieiucmotiiiareoWenuimbyMexlco,bniin» S P* »® .* mitrrmSmt f° ri untiou-&3 to the. best'idodes r of ctiltiyatioir, tnilitary force, combined with the greatest «St. . _ *.f
* ■ Erected love of -polmcaK liberty; .The States &ment £mUhZ ( as not classes of Paulas whiejr in my judgment lan C rSanuntoely it Be ® feMe * '
t'Vv*' iBOKrnABPsa thohas Phillips correspondence b&tweea this Gdvenjtueat being entitled to the protection of any govern- psmaneeof ihe object, a* of own interc«ts and ob- lai! TOthm tne provifflons K oi me act oi and restonng;-the of ibe Bm x and or pro- By the treaty of Gandalopo Hidalgo »e an i ' -
Harper & Phillips, Editors & Proprietors. and thhtof Spain relating to ment, no interfferenoosh?!! fake place wththe Hn U «J; lmnn _- nnrtrt^t _ Mrtttntgli |,i| c e thuMvem- Congress qf of Septembet* loot)- curing and distributing atta * ud bound to pro teotlho tom torj of Mexico against the
4^4t rr <- 4' ' - lion is herewith communicated. lawful eoimneme of W natfcn. officially informed of the ac- otherj vegetable jW|Ul«bjm A. ;ncu™«msofti,ee a vsgetribes with Sour tar.
fr* • HTTSBUEGH: , - a% , - . L , In addition to the correspondence on this sub- object has been the compaction or attainment of apw- centnneo bv Tpxas ofth e con* regard to the soli, climate* treatment best der*< wUbf equal diligence and energy -as if fbo
>i -- Although these oflenders agaist the laws jeot, herewith submitted, official information bas “g® jfom ocean looceaa, tho laiouesinni tho be«tfor P 7 w‘l mowl thp adapted to tbeir growth, oouldnotfailto be, in same were made wtuin onr ierntory or egabttt y 't
?*£?*£*■ JWEDNESDA7 MOBNXNO::: ::::DECBMBUE 8 have forfeited the protection of their coun» been received at the Department of State, of as- SKgP B ?, tf *e act referredtO, lea the language of Waßhingtaß, in his last annual o ur citizens I have endeavored to comply, u far , i tV
(-4-1* *< ‘4l ."*=*■• ~~ try, yet the Government may.so far as is surances by the French Government that, m the no*?uy Shm«SKS£S£%ttSc andi. sS B id see,’ stockto be prepared, andthe &ve millions, meesage to oreryoheap instrument ss possible, of the Irkty. =Or. ~ '4
X*'* ‘ ffS* s t'i.T-?P‘4t.’-» < < C -<2l “-l' v • « X; -. :, I DEKOCBATIC TICKET. consistent with its «blk»ation« »« «thnv borders given to the SVencbnavol forces, they with the sreatest iegret,th»« MepcoßbouldojiwMany which, are 10 be issued uncopditionallyy -of lmrueuße beuefit,’! ders have been given to the oAcerecommsndni v - '
*«i 4, -“> ~ mn — Jd L
?0B PKEsoBSTor the psited states. countries, ana its fixed purpose to m&m might engage in, to respect the flagof the United world, aadweiiemtSenUdTanuge* u> Mcxicb herself 'lst dav of Januarv 4 861 have been for September, 1860, gisnfasg boTOfo lands inhabitants iraeqnuliy
Vh,w£.2V| T A lin?Q TJTTm AATA AT and enforce the lawe, entertain sym States wherever it might appear, and to commit Impreiscdwiih these •entimeaw and ibeaocMvicuon®, \\4 Jflnu Tvr . , j-_i: waw j « a thp sons who had been engaged m tba mihtary ser- titled to their ptoteettop; and to make all their * - ' * i
JAJOiO DUtllA-NAiN, pathy for their unoffending families and no act of hostmty upon an| P vessel or Smament SS? rea<fy T t country, aaa great meS of plans and arraujmente j,,tb a view tothc'atSi.
■V v t4 , V’-’4i H ’ -or PEBKBTLVANIA; friends, as well as-a feeltngof compassion under its protection die work. Stato of Texas. The authorities of iexas national jusbee nod. mumflcence, uuamrionsde- ment of tins object. Instructiojuhave also been, 5" - J
■' ►- S-A]«i w dtcisim of tht Damxraiic Gfntrai Omentum. f or themsplveo nr> V.r^r, Q , Ministers and consuls of foreign nations are . p ";o“ Bmomh M“ t^?repn^i^L^SJf.us »i™ up. to the present time have nbf authorised sire has been felt.hy the officers entrusted -wiffi mvefflto rho nutf ngents |
& "3 - effortXlf TLnZ SS?» the menus and agents of communication between aiy one to receive this stock and it remains Us immediate «?ovao ß bM.effect to these tribes, .mall treaties, to miS the I /
roa yicjb pbesidest : has beensparedyto procure, the.r© ua aod those natioos, and it is of the utmost un- proapcriiywid wcial progress of the Slates of Central jn the treasurv deDartmentsubiect -to the i^proyisions-;-AU tbe means.mtlun their. c?Ut the : prptectiow : of lour. own r .-- .: •1 .> ;
1 >a WTT.T.T AM R KING lease of such citizens of the United States portanco that, while residing in the country, AmericahaycKotun imd.o severely Kff«ea.Unul n P ’ J trol were, therefore, brought.into .requisition to ciuzcnsappGTarsoTo'tGosohf Mexico, I have no I,- -~ _ . ~ <r
444.4 t| 1 oTtLJk*- ’ engaged in this unlawful enterprise, as are they should fee! a perfect security so long ft „• hp 4 P . expedite the adjudication af claims, andl- a m re« 0o to %bt t!mc,hese have been > . -^4
t wrf ii, rinU now jn confinement m Spam; but it is to they faithfully discharge their respective duties prudently be nude in disposingof the qnesuoa* pending The releases required by law to be de grafified to beablerto-statethatnear onehun- fully earned Wb efect. "Novertfr6l«ss;rt w proW s ' *
Subject to the tame dtasvm hp hIT.!! ,n rP vnn«,4nli,h.h P and are guilty of no violation of ohr laws This Between'fte wo conmn«. “ , ( posited in the Treasury, not having been dred thousanloppUcatioiia haveheenchnadered spito of aH,nnr effiirto; some of the |
. ■, , „L D T: ~ r iff T h ,\ i. the admitted law of nations, and no country filed there, the remaining five millions have and about' seventy thousand warranto issued neighbor, ng states of Moaco may have anffered, f
President’s Message. government of thaj country may not be has a deeper interest in ■maintaining it than the has been bo far accomplished as that pajsengen have not been issued. This last amount of the' 'Within the short space of tune months. If ad- as onr own have, frunr depredations (iy the In- |
ifr rtiivt,V.V, i/Li 0 considered as affording any ground of ex Unitad States. Onr commerce spreads over actually travened it,ud merebandiso ton been trans- ~ ,„ , ue “ ~ I ~ ,t “*5?““ . equate provision be made by law to carry jn to drnns- “
Al * , '^¥SSs^cfi2+ i t?*tK; ef*?ls4*C. 4 4 We issue onr paper for Wednesday morning in pectation that the Government of the Urn every sea and visits every chmo, and oar minis- Ed uMoSlS^ibo^^'pi«!£ 4. withheld Texas until effeot MCSmmendßtions of De pn To thediSccuhlps of defending our own tem- % ’
advance of the nsnal hour of publication, for the ted States will, hereafter, feel itself uhder tera'and consuls am appointed to protect the in- m ™ ot *“ % conditions uponwhtch ft is tobe „ ia confidently expected, flu* before the close ‘%P- H n ed. afe snpcrudde4> * s
* ■?:?*, 5 fv#t t r-if t 1 P nnv nhlioßtinn nFAitv tn mtorr-orin fnr thf. tertßtß fif that commerce, as well as to gnard it ts understood that a ctrarlderaWepartofthoradroad ercc shall be complied with by the Credit" of the next fiscal year, all who are entitled to defendingthar orMerico, thoaodhstarlsefrom its
■pmpsSB-ofgiving;to:onr readers, at the.'.earliest any obligafton ot duty to intercede lor the & fth d ma i nto in the honor te”2e^<SuSi , s^JM^?wmtorJmre , S , tors of that-state, unless Congress shall oth- the benefits of the act will have received-their remoteness, from the Bust have not. right
moment the message of President FrtLHOM- of such persons as are ofI ? 8flog But how can they discharge these wmmrumi.be conveyed erwiBe ofthe , aw . warranto . ,to station our troops mUimbcr fimito, and &t
! &5^S* F 2t6rJvs4 ** . ..... flagrant offenders against the law of nations duties unless they bo themselves protected; and, .1 Whichever of* the' several route* between the two » lie* _i_* l r ~4CheSeoretary of the Interior has.-suggested
ItwSl be readily understoodthat we have not and the laws of the United States. These if protected, it most be by the laws of tho ooun- * nn ?? ~ 1 ? nt>^ 4! message, to whto l i,, 9 report vanons omcadments. of the law re- Sl d®.to. c 9;op6 r ati! _with : oarown:--golong-as this
-had time to treview Am detail in our present lawsmustbe executed. If we desire to tr/m which they reside" And whatto due to respectfully refer I stated briefly the rea utmgto'pensions and lands, for the par
•.•. •- _ .• -i v v. * * . mntn+oin oar owu:publio functionanes rcsidingin foreign reatpDio.doabt that ull of.them wHl.be nsefnitothe SODS which induced, rue. to recommend a pose of more agaiustobuses ?.9f.'H? o ®*!?'H«m:4K .:t
usa9m a matter for future labor, and it maintain our respectability among the na, nßtlons £ eqLQCt i y the measure of what is due to modification of tbe-present tariff, by cod- and frauds on the Government, to all of which mirnsh-the die luduum will naturelly-t^
i - win be attended to. tIODS of the earth, U behove US to enforce the fnnotionao.ei of other governments residing »re expected foe the ad valorem into a soUiSc du- I invite your particular attention. _ toward, fhaUcdunlry where they <cncotwt*i th a
______ steadily and sternly the neutrality ants j here- -As m war, the bearer of dags of truce | Peace has bees concluded'between the contending | - 0 !!r I' The largest accegsions to our Indian -popula-1 leaßt rcaisi'in cc Yot Ihcse sre uoceteary.
_ . Z pasted by Coneress. and to follow, as fai are sacred, or else *ar would bo interminable, Hl,hoped npo ? Y ' ™ 6t ? ver the article imported was of tion confl equent upas the acquisition ofW to rabdue-thenr, and to-compeUhcmto makdthjim
Pwmdpn^ 9 fi Wpeeo Q*p as may be, violation or those acts with 80 » peace, embassadors, public ministers, end B^^!baSfMd|Sst^uS{eSuS! l a character as to permit it, and that Mexico, and Calrfanua and the extension of our
;.*;• yßlUvUV*:JttwßllKy nv.niob«ioni codsulc, with friendly national inter- ihil iofeel asttonglmereguait* imnqwlity. such a discnminatioo should be made, in settlements into^lTtah,;a^d l v.Oregon ) ,.liaye ; '
Ti ° condign pnniehraenu course, are obtects of especial respect and pro- The office of c<£nm», oner m Chinaremain* unfilled, f avo rofthe mdustriui pursdits of our oivn inerted interest and importance to our W will enjoy any Jromflielt altacks.-
■" T '-'"" -Citizens of ■ But what give* a peculiar r criminality tection, each according to the ngbts belongibg Kon o£se£ to oihere, e 3fo?°whom have declined iu country, as to encourage homeproduction, 1 at^ ISJ ? *J f e v ff ' : li’ appe^fidj&fS^i^dhfe^
■ and of 1 to this invasion of Cuba is, that under the to his rank and station. In view of these itn- the ground lof. the inatitjeacyoftho w jtho U t excluding foreign cdmoetitioti. No_matenat changehaß takecplace, within. ooi 4 the
' ongratula leadof Spanish subjecto and withtha aid p "S M%nUane to £ O.’SS&A?
ituuon u of citizons of the United States, ,t had Its “ d lt Xnt Xngout of be practiced upon the revenue, by false in em Territory and west of tee Mississippi river %Zt rSSa^L^SSt
C?j<~4 -t; ’i ,r which origin, with man}, in motives of cupidity vans, the office of ber Catbobo majesty’s consul P° n L^?s. to , bwomln g m °" ,“ d LJ . l S“" .fj m com T voices and undervaluations, constitute an We are at peace with all of them; and it will J <J*s
d - Our Eoney was advanced by individuals, prob- at Newr Orleans was aßßailcd by albf h,a pro- unanswerable reason for adopting Specific tv™dlsv advanmu/iu SS V£2*b£*£&
) world. ably in considerable amounts, to purchase perty destroyed, tho Spanish flag found in die >t<»d ‘ ob » living instead of ad valorem duties in all-cases 8 h howeVer, wilhoal an iticrsaw of the ttmyi^dl
ne,thre On ban bonds, as they have been called, is- “^^^toflletorCperaonKoto 11 '“which . on j mirb.r .toaia nltbe plfLd.m where the nature of the commodity dofes tt A ? ong Meccan frontier, and *gaw recommend that.measnreas indispensable to
itfons W sued by Lopez, sold douotless, slavery mdtg'er Oa ™t forbid,it. A striking illustration pf and Orfgon, there have been occasional mani- ««talb“M eB nmrestioU on
JUbsidir large discount, and for the payment of telhgence of these eventsf I forthwith directed by referene. «, i. Report o, m. Secretary of the these frauds Will be exhibited m th 6 Re festationß of nnfhendly feeling, and some dep- a «S«“ »on
ty and wh.ch the public lands and public property te 6 of the United States residing at port of the Secretary of the Treasury, redations r saUßfied t Z.tm ofZsmt
■ jinus of Cuba, of whatever kind, and the fisca New Orleans to enquire into the facto and the wnh ihc balaacem ihe Treasury os the let July, leso, a howino the i-natnm houqp valuation of ar that they resulted from.tna destitute and ._ Jr taty
“ of the P-P 1 * “ d *»*«—« of -- ffiSfif* — Ae y “ r ’ ,he >nm ° f subject KetS appropriations for the support afthear^
to that island, fromwLtever source to be y^ a Lght make pro™,o? for such ui- i™ , M- ar “‘- rlk "“* penod were sis,- t 0 Bpecl | c duUes, when there was no in ments of ooroiLens them, the
1 ff derived, were pledged, as well as the good denuuty to him as a Just regard for the honor of The total imports for ihe year ending 30th Jane, ism, ducement to undervaluation, and the cus game upon whioh they mainly rely for subsist
- faith of the government expected tobe the and the iespeef which is due to a mere were ,n tom house valuations of the same articles, ence is driven off or destroyed, and theonly ■£ S ffiSSTS
4^Sl ; K‘S§>'- i»- esatblished. All these means of payment friendly power might, m your judgment, setm The ezpoiu tor the un ptnod were, under the present system of ad valorem temuveieft to them metarrabon or plunder. v hich I invito year -k J
' it to evident, were only to be obtLned by sTte” S!d to ° f 4‘“ WOrc ° f dut.es,-so & reduced as to leave no
* a process of bloodshed, war, and revolu- |J^«—doubt of thfexistence of the most flagrant well as an enlightened economy,.do not require
1 * lion. Now will deny that those who set herewlth transnutted —i-I—ssi7Jii7,i3o abuses under the existing laws. This that, instead of seeking to pumsh them for;of- P,- -
S? expeditions against foreign _ The occurrence at New Orleans has led me to on S^'^^^p^,^S,Svr o practical evasion of the law, corp- 7e LtodTfor® 83 showing andufkn of ‘
V. States by means like, these, are far more give my attention to the state of our lows in re- mourned to 87A0t,4» »-, which, however, inetsdes bined with the laneuishing cbhditibn of . wardsjhem, we^^"Saouta- nptjprpvito Thn Bnu°H n r c,nmmU**r,«~ tovfhiim thn '
‘ ■■■ culpable than the i D norant and the neces consulfl I tMnk e the UetolauinTf n «»“?“ >* the fuihel'SiifSf «' some of the great interests of the country, j relymtoeft labor,Sfd : mpagement of tkertffairs of Mlitßy*S^-
osZTIJe 0 ‘.niT ‘4° n* 6 -ulilLSrStS by over.mportaUons and consequent ot f chase, for the meaus of support
4- ostensible parties in the proceeding. These fop the proteotion or the pomahment of consuls. ™ oaUmrized, but wmch was paid in cash from the depressed prices, and with the failure m Various-important treaties have beep pegotip^
originators of the mvitolon of Cuba seem i therefL recommend Sie subject to the con deb. on ih. sou. .too, .xetove of the oblaining a foreign market for cur in « *** S^f
to have determined, with coolness and sys sideration of Congress .lock auihomed io be Iwued atTeras by theaeiof 9th creasing surplus of breadstuffs and provt- wh wn“e“tow to large and valuable teaots or of a Ba tisfacfory title. ■' -
tern, upon an undertaking whrtWld jTf Si VX s.ons, L ulced me again to recommend to t£2i *£»**«£ f
hL^h V f.l 4 W H
■.-.•• and put to hazard the lives of ill informed n g BP OUP frontier Overtures for a convention u the probable available mean* for that year, the ... T1i.0.. joint., commission .under th© -. treaty,: of fnVn f :“riflnatjlnT»irii» , tii?a4»<a?AvCfii>4v4.i.j;'i
' and deluded men You will consider upon this subject have been received from her S» of mfem ® Guadalupe Hidalgo haa been detively engaged in
-Jo\ whether further legislation be necessary Bntamo Majesty'a Minister Plenipotentiary, but p “ cqateSon o® {wnmo running and marking tee boundary line between M n y r n S jl nwd
topre r the preparat,onof snchoffen bswtassrssssK *s£*£ Tan ?^SSl^
cesin future, - otl “ r - Interior, that tee initial pouxt on tee and *
inir th© terms whioh th© British government is Tne total expenditure* for the nextj&seai year are e*- -the point of 'junction of -fihaColo* i 4 n nit?A
wilhng to offer, and tee measures which it mhy nmated at 843.D91J19S 19, of which there U reqoired for rada river htto been determined, pud the inter- w of OM uUerqonrse, andtee
:: , ,® f . ... .. . , f. the ordinary expense* of the Government, other than »*«;»»/*‘Iik®"* nKXnl 7 ••mn atifl uignity;£lD.a.poW©r-„Ot 1 :th©'Xl&llOnv- - vv,
adopt. If arrangement upon this subjeot shall Uto.o com/quem upon the ac<jtuuuoa of oar new Ter vemng hne, about 100 miles in length, run and The expedltion. commanded bj-Lieuteaant De
.f • notbemade- ritorie., enS dedoetine «ho paymems on account of the marked by temporary monuments. Since that
pah lie iebu Ih. nm of «3j}l43.igs ofl, .„d for the per time a monument of marble has been erected at E^f n * c . om ‘ I
• po*e* connoeted directly or mdirecUy with UioseTerri* thft initial nninf nn<i ti»rfnWitonrinnilhmrkfl of •:»«ss*» Bir:J©|m;?^W?kUll^aad^llis:Coia|»llwma. :^v^
«>r.es end in fulfilment of the obiwauotu of the Gov the 1 5 uUa ‘ P omt 7 nn ? permaneat landmorim ot ArcficSeas, returned to New Yorkintht
2flSS^^a®J^3t4*3Sg^3K>^l!3«®f«i®iS^il§f ! ?< i ?S ' eromeot, contracted in eonrequenee 01 iheir ecqei.i- iron have been placed at suitable distances along “T
y tion, the sum of 89,344,101 il 4 the line- . ' 5 month of October, after havmg undergone great:. :: .
.l' If tho views of ihc Socretery of the Treasury in ref* '' peril and: suffering from an Unknown and4to- *
• • erenco to tbo expenditare* repaired for these Temto* gerous navigation and th© ri£OTS of ili flAthoS' - - 1
rie* *h*» be met by correipondiag action on the part of
Cong rea*, aod appropntuons made m acoordanee
■ - therewith, there will be an estimated unappropriated the pbjcqt3 hht Wlth:3apW .©<mtn- ;
bsluace ro the Tressury on the 30ih Jtme, 1850, of 20, ,hllUODS;tO'.sdcnC©'.-and'^v!giflonr.iraLt!l6W'4?- ; 7'
•'• 300.443 90, wherewith to meet that portion of the public M
1 4* A v ' • debt dae on the first July following, amounting to 0,237,- frßqU©nt©a.polar reglOHS. . . Th.fr omC.©r9AQur L lS^
■ - Ml 30. a* well as Any appropriations which may be
~ made oeyond the estimate*.
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FeUm-Citatm of the Senate,
.- and of the Souee of Representatives.
. ..I congratulate you and our common
■;. constitution. upon the favorable auspices
under which you meet for your first ses
.."Bion. Our-country is at peace with alb
. tho world. The agitation, which tor a
' • time, threatens to disturb the fraternal re- i
. iatfons which make us one people, is fast I
- r subsiding, and a year of general prosperi
ty and health has crowned the nation with
—unusual blessings- -Nonecan look back to
the dangers which are passed, or forward
to thebright prospect before us, without
feeling a thrill of gratification, at the same
time that he must be impressed with a
grateful sense of our profound obligations
- to a beneficent Providence whose paternal
... care is so monifest in the happiness of this
.. highly-favored land.
. .Since the close ofthe last Congress cer
; tain Cubans and other foreigners resident
- in the United States, ■ who were more or
. less concerned in the previous invasion of
Cuba, instead of being discouraged by its
failure, have again abused the hospitality
.of this country, by making it the scene of
the equipment-of another milttary expedi
tion against.that possession of her Catho
lic majesty, in which they were counte
nanced, aided and joined by citizens of the
United States. On receiving intelligence
’ ___thal such designs were entertained, I lost
no time in issuing such instructions to the
' proper officers of the United States as
seemed to be called for by the occasion.—
By the proclamation, a copy of which is
. herewith submitted, I also warned those
who might be in danger of hemg inveigled
. into, this scheme of its unlawful character,
-and of the penalties which they would ra
cnr. For some time there was reason to
• . hope that these measures had sufficed to
prevent any such attempt. This hope,
• however,'proved to. be delusive. Very
early in the morning of the third of August
a steamer called the Pompero departed
- from New Orleans to Cuba, haying on
...board upwards of four hundred armed
men, .with evident intentions to make war
upon the authorities of the island. This
expedition was set oa toot in palpable vio
lation of the laws of the United States. —
- - Its leader was a Spaniard, and several of
... the chief officers, and some others engaged
in it, were foreigners. The persons com
- .. .posing it, however, were mostly citizens
ofthe United Slates-.
" Before the expedition set out, and proba
bly 1 before,it was organized, a slight insur-
U Arectionary movement, which appears to
havebeensoon suppressed, had taken place
in the eastem part of Cuba- The impor
- tance'of this movement was unfortunately
- so much exaggerated in the accounts of it,
published in this country, that these ad
; venturers seem to have been led to believe
lhat the Creole population of the island not
l only desired to throw off the authority of
- the mother country, bat bad resolved upon
- - - that step, and had begun a well-concerted
: enterprise for effecting it.- The persons
' engaged in the expedition were generally
(.'- . young and ill-informed. The steamer in
which they embarked left New Orleans
stealthily and without a clearance. After
touching at Key West, shejproceeded to the
coast ot Cuba, and, on the night between
• the 11th and 12th of August, .landed the
persons on board at Playtas, within about
twenty leagues of Havana.
The main body of them proceeded to,
and took possession of, an inland village,
six-leagues distant, leaving others to follow
- in charge of the baggage, as soon as the
■;.! -means of-transd||tation could be obtained.
The latter, havmg taken up their line of
/natch to connect themselves with the main
body, and having proceeded about four
leagues'into the country, were attacked on
. .-the morning of the ISth by a body of Span .
. ish troops, and a bloody conflict ensued;
after which they retreated to the place of
disemborcation, where about fifty of them
’ -obtained boats and re-embarked therein.
They were, however, intercepted among
v'. the keys near the shore by a Spanish steam
er cruising on the coaat,'captured and car- ;
. . tied to Havana, and, after being examined
before a military court, were sentenced to
r, - be publicly executed, and the sentence was
r eturned into effect on the 16th of August.
, - . On. receiving information of what had
; ■ occurred, Commodore Foxhall A. Parker
wasinstructed to proceed io.the steam-fri
. gate Saranac to Havana, and inquire into
. jthe charges’against the persons executed,
. the circumstances under which they were
taken,endwhatsoever referred to their tri*
.; alandsehtence. Copies of the instruc
tions from the Department of State to him,
- and of his letters to the Department, are
... here with submitted.-
According to-the record of the examina
■ tion, the prisoners all admitted the offences
-charged against them, of being hostile in
vaders of the island. At the tune of their
, . .trial and execution the-main body of the
. - invaders was still in the field, making war
- upon the Spanish authorities and Spanish
subjects. After a lapse of some days, he
wing overcome by the Spanish troops, they
dispersed on the 24th of August; Lopez,
their leader, was captured some days after,
...-aad executed oh. the Ist of September. .
Many of his remaining Followers were
hill®i,'or died of hunger and fatigue, and
- the rkst were made prisoners. Of these,
t none appear to have been tried and execut
i- U cd* Several of them were, pardoned upon
application of their friends and others; and
merest, about one hundred and sixty in
*' number, were sent to Spain. final
disposition madk of these we have no offi
_ \ cial information.
Such is-the melancholly result of the
fllegal and ill-fated .expedition. Thus,
‘ - thoughtless young men have been induced
—W false and frudulent representations, to
- violate'the law of their country, through
-■ - rash and unfounded expectatibnsof assist
. 'insr to accomplish political revolutions in
- and have -lost their. lives m
’ the undertaking. Too severer judgment
No individuals have a right to hazard the peaoo
of tho country or to violate its laws upon vague
notions of altering or reforming governments in
other Btates.' This prinoiple is not only reason
able in itself, and m accordance with publio
law, but is engrafted into the codes of other na
tions as well as our own. But while subh ore
tho sentiments of thiß . Government, it may be
added that every independent nation must be
presumed to be able to defend its possessions
against unauthorized individuals banded togeth
er to attack them, The Government of the Uni
ted States, at all times since its establishment,
bos abstained and has sought to restrain the cit
izens of tbe country, from entering into contro-.
versies between other powers, and to observe all
the duties of neutrality. At an early period of
the Government, in the administration of Wash
ington, several laws-were passed for this pur
pose. The main provisions of these laws were
re-enacted bv the act of April, 1818, by which,
amongst other things, it was declared that if any
person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction
of the United States, begin, orset on fool, or
provide, or prepare tho means for any military
expedition or enterprise to be earned an from
thence against the territory or dominion of any
foreign prince or State, or of any colony, dis
trict, or people with wbom tbe United States are
at peace, every person so offending shall be
deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall
be fined, not exceeding three thousand dollars,
and imprisoned uot more than three years; and
thiß law has been executed and enforced, to the
fall extent oi the power of the Government, from
that day to this.
In proclaiming and adhering to tbe doctrine of
neutrality end non-intervention, the United
States have not followed the lead of other civil
ized nations; they have takea the lead them
selves, and have been followed by others. This
was admitted by one of the most eminent of
modern British statesmen, wbo said in Parlia
ment, while a minister of the crown, “that, if he
wished'for a guide in a system of neutrality, he
should take that laid down by America in tbe
days of Washington and the secretaryship of
Jefferson;” sad we see, in fact, that the act of
Congress of 1618 was followed, the Buceeeding
year, by an act of the Parliament of Bngland,
substantially the same in its general provisions.
Up to that time there had been no similar law m
England, exoept oertam highly penal statutes
passed in the reign of George 11, prohibiting
English subjects from enlisting m foreign ser
vice, the avowed objeet of which statutes was,
that foreign armies, raised for the purpose of
restoring the house of Stuart to the throne,
should not bo strengthened by recruits from
England hersolf. . -
All mnst see that difficulties may arise in
carrying the laws referred to into execution in a
oountry now having three or four thousand miles
of sea coast, with on infinite number of porta,
and harbors and small inlets, from some of whioh
unlawful expeditions may suddenly set forth,
without the knowledge of Government, against
the possessions of foreign States.
Friendly relations with all, bat entangling al
liances with none, has long been a maxim with
ns. Oar true mission is not to propagate our
opinions, or impose apon other countries oar
form of government, by artifice or force; but to
teach by example, and show by our success.
moderatioT and justice, the blessings of self
government, and the advantages of jree institu
tions. - Let every people choose for itself, and
make and alter its political institationß to suit
its own condition and convenience. But, while
we avow and maintain this neutral policy our
selves, we are anxious to see the same forbear
ance on the part of other nations, whoso forms
of government .are different from our own. The
deep interest which we feol u the spread of
liberal principals and the establishment of free
governments, and the sympathy with which we
witness eveiy struggle against oppression, for
bid that we should be indifferent to a cause
which the strong arm of a foreign power ts in
voked to stifle pnblio sentiment and repress the
spirit of freedom m any country.
The governments of Great Britain and Franoo
have issued orders to their naval commanders on
the West Indie station to prevent by force, if
necessary, the landing of adventurers from any
nation on the Island of Cuba with hostile intent.
The copy of a memorandum of a conversation
on this subject between the Chnrge d’Affeires of
her Britannia Majesty and the Acting Secretary
of State, and of asnflseqnent note of the form
er to the Department of State, are herewith
submitted, together with a copy of a note of the
Aotmg Secretary of State to the Munster of tho
French republic, and of tho reply of the latter,
on ihe some subject. These papers will acquaint
yoa with the grounds of this interposition of the
two leading commercial powers of Europe, and
with tho apprehensions, whioh this Government
could not fail to entertain, that suoh. interposi
tion, if carried into effect, might lead to abuses
in derogation of the maritime' rights of the
United States. The mantime nghts of the Uni
ted States are founded on a firm, secure, and
well-defined basis; they stand upon the ground
of National Independence and pnblio law, and
will he maintained in all their full and just ex
tent.
. The principle which this Governmenthas here
tofore: solemnly azmoanaed-.il. etill adheres to,
and Tritt maintain under'all circumstances and
at all hazards. Thatpnnoiple is -that .in every
fSgularty.‘documented merchant vessel, the
who navigate it, and thoso on boordof.it, trill
find their protection .in the. flag which is over
them-UoAmericanshipcanbesllowedtobo
viated orsearched for thepurposeofasoertain
ingthe character of individuals, on hoard, nor
can-there he allowed any watoh by the vessels of
any fowrign natioff ovOr American the
coasts Cf the Umted'Stotoifci-tiie'seas.adjacent
thereto. It wBUw seen by the last communiea;
From the accompanying copy of a note from
tho British Legation at Washington, and the re
ply af the Department of State thereto, it will
appear that her Bntanio Majesty’s Government
is desirous that a port of the boundary line be
tween Oregon and the British possessions Bhonld
be autboratively marked oat, and that an inten
tion was expressed to apply to Congress for an
appropriation to defray the expense thereof on
the part of the United States. Tour attention
to this sahject is accordingly invited, and a pro
per appropriation recommended.
A convention for the adjustmenl of claims of
citizens of the United Stateß against Portugal
has beou concluded, and the ratifications have
been exchanged. Tho first instalment of the
eznount to be paid by Portugal foil due on the
30th of September lost, and has been paid.
The President of the French republic, accord
ing to the provisions of the convention, has been
selceted as arbiter m tbe caso of the General
Armstrong : and has signified that he accepts
the trust and the liigh satisfaction he feels m
acting as tho common friend of two nations, with
which Franco is united by sentiments of sinoero
and lasting amity.
The Turkish government has expressed its
thanks for the kind reception given to the Sul
tan’s agent, Amin Bey, on the occasion of his
recent visit to tho United Btates. On the 28th
of February lost a despath was addressed by the
Secretary of State to Mr. Marsh, tho American
Minister at Constantinople, instructing him to
ask of the Turkish Government permission for
tho Hungarians, then imprisoned within tho do
minions of the Sublime Porte, to remove to this
country. On the fid of March lost, both Houses
of Congress passed a resolution requesting the
President to authorize the employment of a pub
lio vessel to convey to this country Louis Kos
suth and his associates in captivity.
The instruction above referred to was com
plied with, and the Turkish government having
released Gov. Kossuth and his companions from
prison, on the 10th of September lost they em
barked on board tho United States steam frigate
Mississippi, which was seleoted to oarry into ef
fect tho resolution of Congress. Gov. Kossuth
left the Mississippi at Gibraltar, for the purpose
of making a visit to Englnnd, and may shortly
be oxpeoted in New York. By communications
to the Deportment of State he has expressed his
grateful acknowledgments for the interposition
of this Govornmcot in behalf of himself and his
associates. This oountry has been justly regard
ed as a safe asylum for those whom political
events have exiled from their own homes m Eu
rope : and it is reoommended to Congress to con
sider in what manner Gov. Kossuth and his
companions, brought hither by its authority,
shall be received and treated.
It is earnestly to bo hoped that the difference
whioh have for some time past been pending be.
tween tho government of tho French ropnblio and
that of the Sandwich Islands, may be peaceably
and durably adjusted, boos to seoure tho inde
pendent of those islands. Long before the
events which have of late imparted so muoh im
portance to the possessions of the United States
on tho Paaiflc, wo acknowledge the independence
of Hawaiian government. This Government
was first in taking that step, and several of the
lending powers of Europe immediately followed.
We were influenced in this measure by the ex
isting and prospective importance of tho islands
os a place of refuge and refreshment for our
vessels engaged in the whale fishery, end by the
consideration that they lie in the oourse of the
ereat trade whioh must, at uo distant day, bo
oarriod on between the western coast of North
Amenco and Eastern Asia.
We were elso influenced by a desire that those
islands should not pass under the oontrol of any
otdor.greut maritime State, but should remain
in an independent condition, and so be accessi
ble and useful to tbe commerce of all nations.
I need not say that tho importance of these con
siderations has been great[y enhanced by the
sudden and vast development whioh tho interests
of tho United States save attained in CaUfornia
and Oregon; and tho polioy heretofore adopted
la regard to thoso islands will bo steadily pur
sued.
It is gratifying not only to those who consider
the oommercial interests of natioUß, bat also to
all who favor the progress of knowledge and
tbe diffusion of religion, to see a community
emerge from a savage state and attain suoh a
degree of oivilizatiou m those distant seas.
It is snoh to bo deplored that the internal
tranquility of the Mexican republic should again
bo seriously disturbed ; for, since tho peace be
tween that republic and the United States, it
hod onjoyod such comporative repose that the
most favorable anticipations for the faturo
might, with a degree of confidence, have been
indulged. These, however, have been thwarted
by the recent outbreak in tbe Stste of Toman-
Upas, on the nght bank of tho Bio Bravo. —
Having recoived information that persons from
the United States bad taken port in the insurrec
tion, and apprehendingthat their example might
be followed by others. Pcaueed orders to be is
sued for the purpose of preventing any hostile
-expeditions against Mexico from being set on
foot in violation; of the laws of the United
States. -Tlikewise issued a proclamation upon
the subjeot, a copy of whioh appeared to be ren
dered imperative by the obligations of treaties
and thegeneral duties of good neighborhood..
- In my last annaalmenage, I informed Congress that
citizens of the Umled Stales bad undertaken the Con
nection of the iwooceansby means of a railroad across
the Isthmus of Tehaantepee,undtr a grant oi ike Mex
ieaaßepabllc.toa citizen or that republicj and iiiai ibis
enterprisevrsnla probably.fia .prozeentea with energy,
whenever Mexico ehonld consent- to such stipulations,
witirlha government of Ibo United Stales astoouM Im
port afeelmgof seoffruy to those who shoaldinvest their
prepsnyintManteipau,.
In tho* rclerring to lbe esumnled expenditures on ac
count of oar newly-acquired Territories, I may express
lbe hope that Congress will concur with me in lbe de
sire that a liberal coarse at po icy may be pursued to
wards tbem, mad that every obligation, expressed or im
plied, entered into in consequence of their acquisition,
shall be falfilied by the most liberal appropnouans for
that purpose.
The value of oor domestic exports for the last fiscal
year, as compared with those of the previous year, ex
hibit an increase af 40,040,323. Al Orel view this coutii-
Uoa of our lrado with foreign nalions would seem to
present tbe most fiatlering hopes of us future prosperi
ty. An examination of the details of oar exports, how
ever, will show that the increased value of oar exports
for the last fiscal year is to be found in the high price of
cotton which prevailed during the first half of that year,
which price has since declined oboatoae-half
The value of oar exports of breadstuff's and provis
ions, which it was supposed the incentive of e tow tariff
aad large importations from abroad would have greatly
augmented, ban fallen flam 68,701,921, in 1847, to 26,-
011,373 in 185 a, and to 21.943,033 In 1931. with a strong
probability, amoanttng almost to a certainty- of a still
fiirtherrcduetlon in the current year.
Tbe aggregate value of rice exported duriug tbe lost
fiscal year, as compared with tbe nrevicus year, also
exhibit a decrease amoamlnglo 0400,917, which, with a
decline in lbe values of the exports of tobacco for the
same pened, make an nggregsne decrease to these two
■nicies of 81,136,731.
The policy which dictated a tow rate of dunes on for
eign merchandise, it was thought by those who promo
lea and established si, would lead to benefit the farming
pnpnlauon of tills country, by increasing tba demand
ana raising the price of agneullanij products m foreign
markets.
The foregoi -g facts, however, seem to show tncon
teuibly that no sach resalt has followed ihe adoption - f
this policy. On the contrary, notwithstanding tbe re
peal of the restrictive corn laws la England, tho foreign
demand for tho prodacis Inf the American farmer has
steadily declined, siuce the short crops and consequent
famine in a portion of Earopc have been happily re
placed by full cropland comparative abandonee of food.
II will bo seen, by recarring to the commercial statis
tics far lbe put year, that ihe vtlno of oor domestic ex
ports has been increased in tbe single item of raw cot
ton by 840.000,01101 over the value of Ural export for
lbe year preceding. This is nol due to any increased
general demand fbr that article, but to tho ghon crop ol
the preceding year, which created aa increased demand
and an augmented price for lbe crop af lui year
Should ihe cotton crop now going forward lo market be
only equal In quantity to Ural of the year preceding, and
be sold nt the present prices, then there wonld be a fall
ing off in the value of oar exporta for tho present fiscal
year of at least 840,000,000, eompared with tbe amount
expanod far lira year ending 3Utn Jane, 1851.
The prodnction of gold in California for the past
jroar seems to promise a largo supply of that metal
from that quarter for some time to come. This
largo annual meroaso of tho currency of tho world
must be attended with its usual results. These
have been already partially disclosed in the en
hancement of prices and n rising spirit of specu
lation and adventure, tending to overtrading, ns
well at homo as abroad. Unless some salutary
cbeok shall bo given to these tendencies, it is to be
feared that importations of ibrotgn goods beyond
s healthy demand in this country will lead to a
sudden drain ol tho precious metals from ns,
bringing with it, as it has done in former times,
tile most disastrous consequences to tbe business
.end capital of the American people.
Tho exports of specie to hquidato our foroign
debt during the past fiscal year have been $24,-
263,979 over the amount of specie imported
The exports of spocie during the - first quarter of
tho present fiscal year havo boon $14,651,827
Should epecte continue to be exported at this rate
for the remaining three quarters of this rear, it
will drain from our metallic currency during tho
year ending 30th June- 1852, the enormous
amount of §58,607,308.
In the present prosperous condition of the na
tional finances, it will become the duty of Congress
lo consider tho best mode of paying off the pub.
ho debt. If the present and anticipated surplus
in the Treasury should not be absorbed by appro
priations of on extraordinary character, thiß sur
plus should bo employed in ench way, and under
such restrictions, os Congress may enact, in extin
guishing tho outstanding debt of tho nation
By {oleranoe to the act of Congress approved
9th Septembar, 1850, it will bo seen that, in con
sideration of certain concessions by the State of
Texas, it IS provided that the “ United States shall
* pay the State of Texas tho Bum often millions of
1 dollos, in a stock bearing five per cent, interest
‘and redeemable at the end of fourteen years, the
‘ interest payable half yearly, at the Treasury of
‘ tbe United States.” ■ • 1
In the same section of the ia« it m further pro
vided “ that no more than two millions of said
‘ stock shall be issued until the creditors of the
‘State holding bonds and other certificates of
‘ Btock of Texas, for which duties on imports were
‘specially pledged, shall first tile at the Trensnry
‘of the United States releases of nil claims against
’the United States, for or on account of said bonds
or certificates, in such form as shall be prescribed
’ by the Secretary of the Treasury, and approved
‘ by ihe President of tho United States.”
The form of release tons provided for has been
prescribed by tho Secretary of the Treasury, and
approved. It has-been published in all the lead
*“£ newspapers in the . commercial citißa of the
United States,, and all persons holding claimrof
the kind specified in the foregoing proviso were
required to file their releases (in the form thns
prescribed) in the Treasury of the United States,
on pr before the. Ist day of . October, 1851. Al.
though this publication- has been continued from
the 25th day of March, 1851, yet up to the lst of
October Jqst comparatively few releases had been
filed by tbe creditors gf Texas.
~ The authorities of tbs State ofTexas, at the re.
quest of the-Secretary of the Treasury, have fur
rushed a schedule «fthe publiodebf ef-that State
created prior to her admission into the Cnozt. with
The report of the Secretary of the I nte< fi
rtor, this ernnmunicp..
tion, will present a condensed statement of
the operations of that important departnjeht
of the Government. i
It will be seen that the cash sales of the
public lands exceed those of the preceding
year, and that tbore Is reason to anticipate
a still further increase, notwithstanding, the
large donations which have been made to
many of the States, and the liberal grants
to individuals os a reward for’military ser
vices. This fact furnishes very gratifying
evidence of the growing wealth, and-pros*
penty of our country.
Suitable measures have been adopted for
commencing the survey of the public lands
in California ondOregon. Surveying par
ties have been organized, and some pro
gress has been made in establishing the
principal base and meridian lines. But
further legislation and additional appro
priations will be necessary before l the pro
per subdivisions can be made, and the ge
neral land system extended over those fe
male parts of the territory.
On me 3d of March last an act was pass
ed providing for the appointment ol three
commissioners to settle private land claims
in California. Three persons were mime
dialely appointed, all of whom, however,
declined* accepting the office, in conse
quence of the inadequacy of the compen
sation. Others were promptly Selected,
who, for the same reason, also declined;
a d it was not until late in the season that
the Berviaes of suitable persons could be
secured. A majority of the commission
era convened, m this city, on the 10th of
September last, when detailed instructions
were given to them in regard, to their du
ties. Their first meeting for the transac
tton of business will be held m San Fran
cisco on the Bth day of the present month.
1 hove thought it proper to refer to
these facts, not only to explain the causes
of the delay in filling the. commission, hut
to call your attention to the propriety of
increasing the compensation of the com
missioners. The office is oue of great la
bor and responsibility, and the compensn
lion should be such as to command men of
n high order of laldnt and the most unques.
tionable integrity.
The proper disposat of the mineral lands
of California is a subject surrounded by
great difficulties. In my last annual mes
sage 1 recommended tho survey and sale
of them in small parcels under such re
strictions as would effectnnlly guard a
gatnst monopoly and speculation. But up
on further information, and in Deference
to the opinions of persons familiar with the
subject, 1 am inclined to change that re
commendation, and to advise that they be
permitted to remain, os at present, a com
mon field, open to the enterprise ond in
dustry of all our citizens, (mill further ex
perience shall have developed the-best pol
icy to be ultimately adopted in. regard ■ to
them. It is safer to suffer the inconve
niences that now exist for a short period*
than by premature legislations, to fasten on
the countryjj a system founded (in error,
which may place the subject beyond future
control of Congress,
The agricultural lands should; however,
be surveyed and brought into market .with
as little delay as possible, that the title
may become settled, aud the; inhabitants
stimulated to make permanent improve
ments, and eater on the ordinary pursuits
of life. To effect these.objects it is de9ir
able that the necessary provision be made
by law for the establishment of land of
fices m California and Oregon, and for
the efficient prosecution of the surveys at
an early day. - .
Some difficulties have occurred in - organizing
the Territorial governments of New: Mexico and
Utah; and, when more accurate information
shall be obtained of the oauses. -a tether com-:
munication will be made on that- subject.
In my last annual communication to. Congress
I reoommended the establishment of an Agricul
tural Bureau, and I take this occasion, again to
invoke yonr favorable consideration of the sab*
ieot ■
Agriculture may justly be regarded as - tbe
great interest of onr people; Four-fifths of our
active population are employed in the cultiva
tion of the soil, and the rapid expansion of oar
settlements over new territory is daily adding to .
the number of those engaged -in that vocation.
Justice and sound polioy, therefore, alike re
quire that the Government should use all the
means authorized'by the Constitution to promote
the interests and-welfare of-that important clots
of our fellow-citizens. And yet it is a singular
foot that, whilst the manufacturing and com
mercial interests have engaged,the, attention of
Congress during a large' portion - of- 1 every ses
sion, and onr statutes abound in provisions for
their protection and encouragement;; little?has;
yet bees done directly for - the: advancement :ot
agriculture. : Itis time that fhiereproach to our
legislation' should be removed; and I sincerely
hope that the present Congress * willnot close;
tbeirlabara without adopting efficient {means to,I
-: The initial point on the Bio Grande has also
been fixed by the commissioners at latitude 82
dog. 22 mm., and at tbe date af tbe lost commu
nication the-survey of the line had been made
thence westward about ISO miles to the neigh,
borhood of tbe copper mmes.
The commission, on our part was at farst or,
gunized on a scale which : experience, proved to
be unwieldy and attended wifh unnecessary ox--
penso. Orders have, therefore, been issued for
the reduction of the-number of-persons employ
ed witbm the smallest lmuts.consistentwitli the:
safeto of those engaged in the service, and the
prompt and efficient execution ,of their import
ant duties.
Returns have been.received from all the offi
cers engaged m taking the census m the States
ond Territories, except California. The super
intendent employed to moke the tnumeraticm-in
that State has uot yet made his fall report, from
causes, as he alleges, beyond his Control: This
failure is muoh to be regretted, as it has pre
vented the Secretary af. the Intenor from ma
king the decennial apportionment of representa
tives among the States, as reqvued by.
approved May 23, 1850. 1 It is hoped, however,’
that the retains will soon be received, and no
time will then be dost m making the necessary
apportionment, and in transmuting the certifi
cates required by law. 7
,Thq -Snp.enntendent.Qf Census is
diligently employed, under thodirectiou of the
Seoretaryof the Interior, in olnssitying and ar
ranging, in tabular form, nil the statistical infor
mation derived from,the returns oftha'marshals,
and it is believed that when the work shall be
completed it will exhibit- a more perfect view of
the population,, wealth, occupations, and social
condition of a great conntry, than has ever been
presented- to the world. -. The-yaiue of .such a
work, as thehaSis of enlightened legislation,man
hardly be over estimated; and 1 earnestly hope
that Congress will. lose, no time, in making .the
appropriations necessary to complete the Classi
fications, and to pubtish the result in a style
worthy of .the subject and-Qf our national char
acter. - , :
The want of auniform fee till,- prescribing the -
compensation to bo allowed district attorneys,
clerks, marshals, and commissioners in cinl-and
cnrnmal cases, is the cause of much .vexation,
i injustice and complaint. I would recommend a
thorough revisiou-of the laws on the whole sub
ject, andthe adoption of a tariff of fees which,
as Ihr as practicable, Should be uniform; and
presonbe a specific compensation, for. every ser
vice which the .officer may be required to per
form. This subject willbe folly presented in the.
report of the Secretory of the intenor.
In my last annual-message T gave briefly my
resons fqitbelioving that you possessed the con
stitutional power to improve, the horbors of our
i great lakes and seacost,andthe navigation of our
principal rivers, and recomlftsg&.that; appropla
tions should be made for.completing-SUCh works
«s hod - already been .commenced, and forcom
mcncing such others as might seem to the wis
dom of Congress to be of -publio and. general im- -
portanoe. '-Without repeating the reaaonsl then
urged, I deem lt-mydutyagoin to call yonr at
tention to this important subject. The works on
many of the harbors were -leftman unfinished
[ state and consequently exposed-to the action of
the elements, which is fast destroying them.
[ Oreat numbers of Uves-and vast amounts.of pro
perty are annually lostfor-want’of safe and con
vementharbors on.the lakes. None but those
who havebeen:exposedtothat'dangerouB-nati-.
gation caufullyappreciate the importanee-of this,
gubjeot. The wholo“north.west rappeals-.to you
for relif, and 1 trust their, appeal will receive,
due considerationat your bands.
The sameps in-as measure true! in regard to
some of theharbors andinleta ontbe eeaooaat. •
The unobstructed navigation of .our-'lafge ny
era is-of equal importance. v Our settlements are
now extondiug to the sources of thegreat rivers
which empty into, and form a part of the Mis
sissippi, and the value of the publics lands in
those ragionswfluld be greatly enhanced by .free
ing the navigation of those waters from obstruc
tions. In view, therefore, of that great interest,
■I deem.it my duty again to urge upon Congress
to make such appropriations for these improve,
ments as they may deem necessary.: ....
The survey of the Delta of the . Mismasippi,
with a view to the prevention of the overflows
that have proved so disastrous to that region, of
country, has bsen nearly completed, and the re
ports thereof are now in course of preparation
and will shortly be laid before you. ,
Thd protection of our southwestern frontier,
and of the adjacent Mexican States,;-against the
Indian tribes within our border,- has. claimed my
earnest and constant attention. Congress having
failed, at tho lost session, to adopt my recom
mendation that an additionalregiment of m ount
ed men specially adapted to that service should
-be raised; alHhat xomnined .to; be donoiwas to.
make the best use-of the means at my disposal.
Accordingly, all the troops adapted to that ser
vice that could he properly spared fifom other
buartershavebeenconcentratedon that frontier,
and officers of high repntation selected to com
maud them. A new arrangement of the military
posts has also been made, whereby the. troops
are brought nearer to the Mexioan frontier, and
to the tribes thej are intended to overawe.
Snffioienttimo has not yet elapsed to realize
all the benefits that are expected to result from ,
these arrangements, bht I hava to
hope that they will effectually check then; ma-1
rauding expeditions. The nature of the country,,
•of the expedition, having been all volunteers for- v i
this service, and - having so condoctedit as to 1-,.
meet; the entire approbation of theGovenißient,: - | ?
it issuggegtc<3,:ason
ty, ~ that the same allowances of extra pay and * |
emolumenta be extended to them-that were made |
to the officers aedmeuoflikfiratipgin'thelate-:'. f
exploring expedition to the Booth Sew.. } -■
I earnest]}' reccotnmend to year attention'the, | >
necessity oE reorganizing the Naval Estabiish'
ment, apportioning and fixing the number, of of- ir
ficers in each grade; providjng -some. mode of
promotion‘tg the higher grades' of the navy, l
having refelehce totnerit and capacity, rather /
than senonty.or dote of entry into-the service; :;i vj: e ;-v
-and for retiring front the effective list upon re
duced pay teoso. who may be incompetent to the : « “
performance nf active duty. As a measure of
economy as well-as of efficiency in this'arm'of
the service,' the provision last mentioned ds-emi
nently worthy of yonr consideration. 4 L -f-
The determination. of the.-iquestiansofrela- .'■ , A
tive rank between the sea officers a&dLeivQ offi- '
j cers of the navy,' and between • officers' of the r* .w!
army-and navy,inthe' varlonsgradesor.cach,' l .
will also merit your. attention. : Tfce failure to
provide any whenooporal punishment -
was abolished for offences inthehavy, Easbeca-:'
sioned the convening of numerous courts-martial
upon the norival of vessels in peu?, ond js believ-,
cd to have had an injurious effeet upon the dis
cipline ond efficiency of the servioe. To moder
ate ‘punishment from one grade to another, is
lamongthehomane reforms -pt‘ thengejbut.to
.abblish one of severity, which 'nppllea sc giber- . ;
ally to offences on ship-board, and protidefiotii
ing in its stead, is to suppose a progress ofim* • ; '■
provement iaevery individnah among'seataen, . ; ;
which is not assumed .by the legislature in res
pect to any otherclassofmeu. -:It is hoped that -
Congress,. in.-the ample : opportunity offered by
the present- session, will-thoroughly investigate
this important subject,and establish.such modes
, ofdaterroinmg.goilt, and such-gradations of pun- :
ishmenV as are consistent with hnmanityand the .
personal rights of individuals, and at:.the same
-time shall ensure the most energetic and efficient -
performance of duty,- and the .suppression of -
crime, in our ships-of-war. -
The stone dock in the navy yard at-New York,
which was ten years in procossr of construction,
hns been so far finished as tnbe. surrendered up: •
to the authorities of the yard. - The dry dock at
Philadelphia is reported as. completed, and is
expected soon to-be tested and ddiveredover to }
the agents of the Government 1 That at Ports- i *~
mouth. New Hampshire, is also nearly ready for [ --
delivery; and a contract' has been • i ",
agreeably to the act of Congress at its last sea- « > -i
gTQU, for a floating'section dook on the Bay of | 1 . - •
San Francisco. X invite your attention in the s ■ \ ’>.
recommendation of tho Deportment touching \ * w # *
theestebllshmentof anavy yardinconjnnction 1 - -- *'
with this dook. on the Pacific. Such & station is j!
highly necessary-to that ocean, whioh must be j
expected to increase with, the growth of cbm- |
merce, ond tfil} rapid extension-of ; " ? '
gaheries over its waters. f ~
The Naval Academy at ’Annapolis, under a re- I
vised ond improved system of regulations, now b ' ,
affords opportunities- of education nnd-inatruo- ' f
tion to the pupils quite equal, itis beljeved, for 1 *-
professional improvement, to those eqjoyedby |
the cadetp in the Military Academy. A. large
class of acting midshipmen' was received at the
commencement of-the last academic term, and q '
practice ship has bus been attached to the iesti- ' '•* -
tattoo, in afford the amplest means for regular
instruction in a steamship, as well as for cruises • - \ '
daring the vacations of three or four months in *, - -
each year ’ - ' ' 1
The advantage of science in nautioal-affairs <• - ,
have rarely been more strikingly illustrated , ,- - - ’ t ,
thonin the fcotptated in the report of ’ -> > , - ‘J
Department, that, by means of the” wind and i' ’
current charts, projected and prepared, tiy Idee- j- , ';
tenant Maury, the Superintendent of tfie Naval ( v *"
Observatory, tho passage from the Atlantic to :h
-the. Paoifio ports ot our country has bemrshortb
ened by about forty days. | *
The cetimates for the support of'the Navy |
and Marine Oorpa the ensuing -fiscal-year will S-*~
be found to be $6,856,472 19, the estimates for »
the current year being $5,900,621. ' ’ * ' ’
The estimates for special objects under the con- ‘
troLoftiiis Department amount t 052,684520 89, ' 1 -
egaipst for the present year, the in- r
crease being occasioned by the additional mail . u
service on Urn Pacific coast and thecdbstrnction of
the dock in California, authorized at the last aes- ' J - '
sion of Congress, and some slight additions under
the head of improvements and repairs In navy' a. '
yards, buddings and machioerp. , - -
I deem it of much importance to a just economy
and a correct understanding of naval expenditures '
that there should bean entire separation of the ap- •*—-
propnations for the support of the naval service
properfrom those for peonanedt improvements at *’ ‘
navy yards and sfations, and from ocean steam- f
mail service, and other special objects assigned to
the supervision: of this Department
The report ofthe Postmaster General, herewith
communicated, present?. aninUreSting sneer tiftite '*?
jirogress,operations,nSdeandfiiQn'of hi* Depart- 1
raent _ ,
At thenlose of the latitsfiscal year, the length,
ofTnffjl rentes within the United Static
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