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gl)3 W9tva4
L. HARPER, snrron AND PROP TOR
PITTSIIIIAVAIIi
TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 16; 147.
?resit Speech of Genekol cs‘as.
We present in exten t so to our readets this
morning the great spee.ch of rert.
Cass, the distinguished Senator from Mich
igan; which was delivered in the U. States.
-Senate, on Wednesday last, on the Three
Mil ion,Bill We' deem it unnecessary. to
request out readers -to peruse this able
speech carefully.: We feel assured that-it
will be tead - not pril Y . by tho. Democracy
but the Whole- American people; iviththe
most intense_ interest. .Gen. Cass has de
livered many eloquent and powerful sPeech
ea,bilt th;i3 instance we' think - he has
excelled- himself. Without the least desire
to underrate the efforts of other -distinguish
ed statesmen, we cannot but express:the
• -
. opinion that the speech of Gen. Case is the
ablest delivered: the present session--unan:
;:livered and unrinsweriible. hastaken,
,an-enlarged and patriotic View of our difri
cultie.s with 111exico, and shows beyond the
possibility of a doubt that our country is
clearly and indisputably in the right, fede
' whig-patriots to; the - cent rary notivith
-standing ! (*• After reading the speech
- i elad the paper to your neighbor.
- Speed of General Cass,
jr i the G. S.-Senate, February 10th1 1847;
_ .
THREE MILLION *BILL
Mr.. Cuss said In the-remarks I propose to sub
; Mit„, Mr. President, I shall invert the natural order
, otarrangement. I intend to present my views of
the causes and - courses of the war thus far, and also
the reasons which will induce roe to vote for_ the
- - _
-appropriation of three millions of dollars. To
.wttichl shall add my views of the best mode of
'proceeding in the Trosecution of the war. shill
lies n hoWever; with the :two latter subjects.
I do. not yise, sir, with the emotions so.visibly
fell ana eloquently described by the distinguished
.eenator irom 'South Carolina. I do not 'consider
this country'or its institutions in the slightest dais. r
- ger. - Never VMS it more . free, powerful, 'or pros-!
perdus than'at the - present moment, when Untimely
'warnings come to us. The public sentinel
MO , sleep upOn his Watch toticor In the distant
horizon, not a cloud as big as the prophet's 14 . 1341
iti.to -be seen, Which is to overspread the heavens,'
eitinchich is to burst in thunder and in tempest
upon us._ -We are, indeed, engaged in - a foreign t
- scar, which -demands the solicitude of every grind
citizen. ^ But the itene of its nperations is two
thousand 'miles 'distant; and come the worst
may, we .can at any time withdraw into our own
country. Disgraceful, indeed, would be such a
itioiement; but it would be- still better than the
evils predicted, and according to the nature of the
apprehensions expressed, it would terminate the
clanger:
Mr.:President, It gives mt great pain to hear
eny,aliustons to the dissolution of this confederacy;
,hid of all the places in this republic, this high
idare is-the last in Which they should be expressed.
The 'constitution is in no danger. It-la's survived
many a -shock, and it will survive many more.
There are those now in the Senate—and I am a-
mong them—who were born before it came into
being.
We have grown with our growth ant strength
ened with our strength, till the approach, of physi•
eat' infirmities, the kindly warnings of nature. bid
us prepare foranother and untried world, And the
constitution, too, has grown with its growth and
strengthened with its strength, till front 1,000,000
it, governs 20,000.000 of. people, and* has made
them the happiest community upon the face of the)
globe. But it is yet fresh in its strength, No in-;
firrnity'has come to tell us that its dissolution is
a near. leis no longer an experiment, but experi•
enee; no long,er a promise, but perforinance. It
his fulfilled all, and more than all, than - its most
.eartguini advocates dared predict.. It is at this mo-1
ment - stronger in.the ,affections of the American
people tiian at any other period of its • existence.
Like the cliff, of eternal granite, which overlooks
the ocean,
and drives back the teas.eless waves that
assail its base; so will this constitution , resist the
assaults; that may be made upon it, come how or
when, or whence they may. In the providence of
Pod no such Tot as ourswas_ever conferred upon
a people. - What we have been and are, the past
sand the present have told, and are telling us. What
we are to be. the future will tell to those who are
t corne , after us, to their joy on. sorrow, as we
cherish or reject the. blessings we enjoy. If we
are not . struck with judicial bliridness, as were
God's chosen people of old, and punished for na
tional offences by national punishments, we shall
cling to this constitution as the mariner clin,gs to
thelait plank,-when night and the tempest closes
around-him; and we shall cling to it the-stronger,
as the, danger is greater.
Mr. Presidenf,l shall not touch any of the topics
before us as a sectional man. I view them, and
shall present them, as an American citizen, look-1
int to the honor and:interests of his country. andl
of-hie whole 'country. In these *great questions of
nationtiLbearing, I acknowledge no geographical
claims.: What is best for .the United States is best
forms, and in that spirit alone I shalt pursue the
discussion.
. A strong desire pervades this country, that a
region extending, west of our present possessions
to the Pacific ocean should be acquired and made
pert of our confederacy. The attempt to purchase
it was made during the administration of General ,
Jackson, and the/ hope of succeeding has never'
since been wholly abandoned. I will not detain
the Senate by spreading out the reasons which
render such a measure desirable. It would give
to us a lar ger territory, a great deal of it calculated
for American- settlement and cultivation, and it'
would connect us with the great western ocean.'
giving it a front along its shore is connexion with
Oregon of perhaps 13 .or 14 degrees of latitude. It
would give us also •the magnificent bay of St.
Francisco, one of the nattiest anchorages in the
world, capable of IsoLlingifttbe.ll avies of the earth;
and from its commindint.position, controlling in
some measure de of the northern Pacific.
Dm, sir. besides thesetAditantages;commercial and
geographical, there are irOpprtint political con
siderations, which point to eftension as one of the
great measures orsaltty for our institutions. The
senator from South Carolina has presented some
views upon this subject as true as they are strik
ing. At the commencement of hip life and of
mine, this country contained 3,000,000 of inhabi-I
tarns, giving a rate of increase which doubles our
numbers every 22 years. There are those yet liv
ing who will live to see our confederacy number
ing a population equal to the Chinese empire. This
sttiperidmii progress outstrips' the imagination.'
The mind cannot keep up with the fact. It toils i
inter it in vain; and as we increase in numbers and
eiterid in space, our power of communication is
still more. augmented. The telegraph has come
with its wonderful process, to bind stilt closer the
portions of -thin empire, as these recede from its
capitol. It is the most admirable! invention of
modern daye. %Ve can now answer the sublime
interrogatory put.to Job: "Canst thou send light
nings, that they' may gn, and say unto thee, Here
we are Pr - Yes, the coruscations of Heaven, man
has reduced to obedience, and they say unto him,
Here we ere. NO man can tell what will be the
effect of this discovery upon the destinies of the
world. How it may bring nations together, and
keep them together. And what influence it may
produce by communicating events almost on the
other side of the earth at the very moment of their
occurrence. I have been industriously engaged
seventeen days in coming from Detroit to Wash.
Ington; and the journey between here and Baltiz
more once cost me two days: Wes have now a
process within our reach, by Which. we can , send
tok.`ilifornia, nod receive au answer from there
more than twenty-times a day. I shall not pursue
• • ' 4.?
ON TitB
• ' , ''S•` I
' • •
.= • 4
. .
- .
-44.-titzi,'
Wl=
these investigations, they are sufficiently obvious
in, their genetal bAring, thongli the practical re
sult of this giiat - measorelfrbeyond the reach of
human..vision.
We.'are at wir:with Mexico. brought on by her
kijustie s erßefore peaceiis:established, we have a:
right .to--rectuire of -ber' a reasonable indimnityN
either' peeumartor territorial; or both, for the in
juries well ;Sy e sustained: Soak- a compensation is.
just in . itielf, and in strict accordance with the utf,- ,
ages Of nations. Oneinemorable proof of this his
Passed in our own time.' When the allies entered
Perlis, after the overthrow Of Napoleon, they ';corri
pelted- the French gaveniment to pay them an in
demnity of 1:500,000000 . of francs, eMial to 300%
000,0pCrof dollars. - In the condition of Mexico,
there is no disposition in this country to ask of her
an unreasonable sacrifice. On the contrary, the
wish is everywhere prevalent, and Lam sure the
government participate in it, that we should de
mand less than ; ta.e.are entitled to No one pro
poses a rtgid .staridard by which the indemnity
shall-be measured: But there are certain territo-
rial acquisitions whiCh are important to us, and
whose cession 'cannot injure Mexico, as she never
can hold them permanently. We are willing, af
ter settling the indemnity satisfactorily, to pay for
the excess in money. The seaator from South
Carolina has stated the proposition - very distinctly,
"any excess on our part we are willing to meet,
as we ought, by the necessary payment to Mexico."
Information, received by the President, during
the last session of Congress, induced him to believe,
that if an appropriation forthe purpose were made,
, the difficulties between the two countries might
soon be terminated by an amicable arrangement.
A proposition for that purpose was submitted to
us in secret session, debated and approved by this
Senate. 'lt was then introduced into the legisla-
titre with open doors, passed the House of Repre
sentatives; and came to us. Here it was discussed
until the stroke of the clock, when the hand on
the dial plate pointing to 12, struck its funera
knell. In his message at the commencement of
this. Congress, the President .renewed his sugges,
tion, and the wholematter is now before us. Such
is its history.
his now objected to as an immoral proposition,
n kind of bribery, either of the government of
Mexico, or of its commanding general ; and the
honorable senator from Maryland, who is not now
in his seat, said emphatically and solemnly, "that
-this project of terminating the war by dismember
ing a sister republic, is so revolting to my maral
sense of propriety, honor, and justice, that I should
see my arms palsied by my side, ratherthan agree
The "dismemberment" of which the hoil
orable member speaks is previously defined by
himself. That is the term he gives the acquisi
tion; but I call it purchase. He says the money
Kill go.to,Santa Anna and pay the army, which
will thui - be secured, and the poor , -down:troddeti n
people be transferred to this counfry "in spite of
themselves," in consequence of thfs -pouring of
gifts into the haqds of.their tyrants."
Nosy, sir, there is no such proposition, as I un
derstand it, nor any thing like it. The object of
the President has been distinctly stated by himself
It is to have the money ready,and if a satisfactory
treaty is signed and ratified, then to make a pay-
I :went into the treasury of Mexico which will be
disposed of by the government of that country
agreeably to its own laws. The propositions, both
_ .
at the last 'session of Congress and this, were iden
tical. The difference in the phraseology of the ap
propriaition has been satisfactorily explained by
the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela
lations, and seems to me of very little consequence:
Be that as it may, it is not a subject which cant
'produce of itself any practical sta.:pity. For if I
there is any member of the Senate, who is willing!
to vote for the appropriation, in the form in a Lich !
Lit was presented last year, and is unwilling to vote!
for it in this, the Committee on Foreign Relations
!will.cheerfu* assent to the substitution of the lad- I
ter for the firmer. "The principle is wrong," says!
the honorable senator from Maryland. • But, in my ;
view, the principle - of this appropriation and of the'
other appropriation is precisely the same. And
yet, the honorable senator from Maryland voted!
for the former, while he reprobates the present, and',.
a inscriber of other senators on that side of the
chaitiber voted the last session in the same man- ;
nes. if the proposition was bribery or unprinci• !
pled then, it seems to rue it must be . . so : now. ! Ex-!
pediency may change with time ; but' right and!
wrong undergo no change!
As to the idea that such an arrans4inent is some
thing
like bribery, it seems to me it will not bear;
the slightest investigation. A strange kind of bri
be. ty this. The .appropriation called for was pre-!
ceded by a message fi on) the President to the Senate!
'in secret session. It was then received in both!
houses, and the doors thrown open. It was dig-'.
• cussed fully, not to say warmly, and was finally
lost by the lapse of time. In secret session 3:3',
senators voted for it. It again takes 4 prominent !
place in the Pmsident's message at the cornmence
ment of the present session of Congress It has .
been before us between two and three months, and
has been home upon the wings of the wind to the
remotest portions of our country. It entered
Mexico long ago; and has been proclaimed in toss n !
and country. It is known to every citizen of that
republic, who knows any thing'of political affairs,
whether the blood in his ,reins is Castilian. or'
Moorish, or Aztec. It has passed to Europe. and!
received the condemnations of many of its jour-
nals. Had it been approved there, I should doubt'.
its policy or its justice. And for ought I know it '
is traveling along the canals of the Celestial Ein•
pire. I repeat, a strange kind of bribery this.
That is an offence which does its work in secret.
This is a proposition made by one nation to alio
ther in the face of the world. It is not to r•tialAr
Mexico to carry on the war, as an honorable sena
tor seems to sup pose, for it is nut to lie paid till
the war is user.
I ! Mr. 1 , 10/tEIIEAP inquired if the bon'orable sena
tor einsidered the present proposition as confining
! the resident, in the disbursement of the money.
oti i
t e purposes to be specified in the treaty, as the
resolution of the last session did?
Mr. Cass said that his understanding of the pro.
position, was that the money was not to be paid
until a treaty was agreed upon. The payment was
not to precede the treaty, but to follow it.
Mr. WEBSTER, (rising.) Will the honorable
senator allow me—
Mr. CAse. I will hear you with pleasure. but I
cannot answer any more questions. I have said
that no money is to be paid until a treaty is rati
fied.
Mr. WrinsTcn. I was merely going to remark
that that is the very turning point.
Mr. CAtiR, I will bit down and hear the honor
able senator, but he must not aslc me any (pies.
lions. If he does, I shall not answer them till 1
have concluded toy remarks.
Mr. WI:I:STEIL resumed his teat.
The whole proposition results from the peculiar
condition of Mexico. tier government is epheni- I
eral. Its members are born in the morning mull
die in the evening. Administrations succeed one;
another, like the scenes of a theatre rather than;
the events of life, and still less of events in the;
life of a nation. The rulers do not dare to do jus- i
tire in such a case as this. It might cast them;
their places, to which they hold on as tenaciously;
as though their tenure were a secure one. There;
is a strung excitement in that country against us.i
Nothing shows this more distinctly than the:
scene which lately passed there, when their Presi
dent swore that the nation would never yield one'
inch of its territory, nor make peace with the in
. vader till his foot was off its soil. A dangerous
resolution to he-thus publicly proclaimed, and one
j more - easily proclaimed than kept. -The sublime
; and the ridiculous may so easily touch, that nations
i should be chary in such exhibitions which mny be
; long to the domain of the one or of the other as
subsequent circumstances stamp their charae.e.
Whatever judgtnent, however, history may pro
nounce upon this ceremony in Mexico it is signi
ficant enough of the disposition of the people to
wards us. Hence the difficulty of the government
is increased, and hence the necessity of their
strengthehing themselves. Their revenues are dry
ing up: They arc always in debt in all their de
partments, civil and military. By a prompt pay
ment into their treasury upon the ratification of a
treaty, the government will be enabled to satisfy
the most pressing demands, and thus to do an act
_
• It is but an act of4ustice to state that theimse
' for from Maryland referred to was not in his seat.
Mr. C.. , s remarks are here ertn.tut they were deliver..
ed. The colleague of Mr. SOILNSON, however Mr.
TEAutr, as soon as:Mr. CABB had concluded, stated
that his colleague had been misunderstood, and that
the proposCd appropriation of last year, and the.
,!ippropriation of this year, were so. widely different•
in their phrasitolegy, as to, render it perfectly, con
sistent to vot3 for the one and to reject the ottter.
NENSI
• " . . , *.f • •.
- •
of, justice at home to counteract nny. ilk effects of
an act*, - of juiticelalmoad:fAtid this is the very
point of the Whole MaTthus tempt
them to do right, while stimuli) , other strong.-cir
cumstances tedipt thito 'tcao ir,ratio. Akto the
applicationof this , money, after,iireaChewthetre'
•
sury pf IlVfe.pco, it is no, - -questiod of - ours, any
More. than w . as Me. application of the caOsidera
tiotrinoney paid to Franca aUd.,,SPain for the per
of Louisiana and Flotida.' We cannot fol
loceit; and it-must take its fate *Mt thebtlier re
sOurces,of the country. It has one advantage,
hdwever, and that is its publicity. If the silver
or gold were carried by wagons to the palace of
the goveinment. the transaction could have no
more publicity than it has now. And this throws
upon the authorities a much graver responsibility
than do the ordinary payment, and one less likely
to be -abused. If all this is 'bribery, / rtin fully
prepared to take my share of it. If it t ,is bribery,
let the honest governments of Europe make the
most of it.
As to the comparison instituted by'the honora
ble senator from Maryland, between this act and
an attempt of the Mexican government to bribe
General Taylor, it certainly gives me -very little
trouble. We bare nothing to do.with Santa Anna,
as the general of an' army. We deal with the
government of MeZico. The very authority that
makes the treaty is the authority to 'which the
payment is to be made. If General' Taylor were
the American government, and had . the power to
cede away a portion.of the American territory,
the analogy would then exist in fact, and now- it
exists but ia fan.'y. And this obvious considera
kon ansivers ail the objection presented by the
senator, when he expresses such an apprehension
that the money would 'Slip from our fingers before
we secured a consideratiOn. Not a dollar is to be
paid till the treaty is ratified and the country thus
onde ours.
Passing now, sir, from the consideration of this
subject to the course before Us, I would observe
that there are but three plans of operation by
which we can escape fibm the difficulties of our
position.
me first, is an abandonment of the war, and an
inglorious return to our own country.
The second, is the establishment of a line over
such a portion of the enemy's territory, as we
think proper, and holding the country on this side
of it without any further military operations.
The third, is a vigorous prosecution of the war
( ' agreeably to the public expectation, and the expe
t . rience of the world.
As to the first, sir, I do not placeit in the cals.
gory of things" proposed; and I cast it from me
with contempt.
The second, sir, is a very ditrerent proposition.
supported by high names, civil and military, and
it ,was yesterday presented to us with great power
of argument and beauty of illustlation by the dis
tinguished senator from South Carolinaf' I
.shall
state as succinctly as I can the reasons which hi
duce me to consider this as an expedient, not to
say an impossible proposition.
A plan of operations, seekir ' s to huh] a portion
of a country properly guarded by fortresses and
furnished with the necessary lines of communica
fiat., and seeking •to do this without publicly an
nouncing the nature of the plan and the determi
nation to adhere to it, is one thing. Ah attempt
to occupy another portion of country, open, unfor
tined, with no natural boundaries, and penetrable
in all directions, and publicly
.proclaiming this,
system as an invariable one, not to he departed.
.rom, is another and quite a different thing. ,
II From the Gulf of Mexico, following the bourn:
. dories of the provinces now in our possession, to
I the Pacific Ocean, is but little short of 2,015 k miles.
1 Far the greater portion of it is open, and touch of:
it unoccupied. Instead of any biles of commons- ,
i cation, natural or artificial, where it must reces-;
Isarily be crossed, it may be crossed anywhere. It ,
is a mere paper line—a descriptive one. For bolo'
I dreds of miles on each side of a great part of such
i a line, the country is the same roamed over rather
than possessed by nomadic tribes, and affording!
I subsistence and shelter to the beasts of the earth."
, If you assume .such a boundary, you necessarily
I place yourself upon the defensive. You omit es .,
1 tablish troops along it, and these roust be scattered
occupying different positions. Your caerov thus!
. acts in masses, while you act in detachments; b.'.
; he attacks you, and is discomfited, he l'alts-bitek i
1 Irchind his impenetrable barrier. A snake cintehed.";
by an eagle is ore of the emblems of the armorial '
bearings of Mexico. If this plan of fighting to on,
air line is adopted, the proud bird will EOOll be
powerless, and the reptile will coil itself op to',
strike at its leisure and its pleasure. In su tit a ,
state of offensive defensive warfare, the enemy
I chooses his time when you least expert him or:
are least able to resist bum Ile gains your rear'
and cuts oil your convoys and supplies; and thus
reduces you to weakness and distress. Or li e !
1 strikes you in a period of sickness, in a climate
to which you are unaccustomed, and whose alter.,
nations do not affect him. on cannot pursue hitn ,
iinto his country, for the moment, the iely instant
1 you do that. you confess the folly of your plan
I and abandon it forever. If you cross your boon. I
; dray you must cross it to hold on, and then you'
have a new boundary, or in other words. a system
of unlimited operations. If you do not cross to'
sold on, what will you do? Your very object in I
crossing is to chastise the enemy; and you most
i pursue him to his fortresses and capture them, it
1 he has any, or you must tight him HI the open field-I
I and disperse him. I repeat, if you do not do this'
Iyo t may as well stop at your boundary; look cis- I
i illy at the retiring enemy, take off your hats and
say: Good We. gentlemen; we will wait till you
come back again. The riches of CrierliA would I
wed away beioie such a system of- lighting . ..no ,
, fighting. .1 - lie laurels of Napoleon would wittier
and die. No exchequer could bear the expense.
No public sentiment the dishonor. There, is but I
one such campaign, sir, recorded in .11 history,l
1 ancient or nmilern, sacred or profane, tine or fabu
; loos, and that is the campaign of Sisyphus. It
I was an eternal one. Sanction the plan proposed
and yours will lie eternal too. This stone will ne- 1
I ver be rolled to the top of the mountain. It as ould
,be a never enaling. ever renewing war. The dis- ,
tiee. s uished senatorsfrom South Carolina thinks that;
' tour regiments andtthree fortresses along this line.
. arid one regiment and a few small vessels for Cal.,
itornia. 'es ould be ample for its defence.'• The,
line as described by himself, is this: -Beginning at i
the mouth of the Rio del Norte, and continuing no,
the Paso del Norte, or southern boundary of New ,
Mexico, which nearly coincide, and then due west I
to the Gulf of California, striking it according to
the maps before us, nearly at its head."
Here, sir, Is .a line across the continent from the I
Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of California; arid thisi
line is to be so protected by five regiments, three I
fortresses and a few small 'Jesse's, as to be Milan'-
s ions to the rancheros and other light troops 01
Mexico—the best and most indefatigable horse
hien, perhaps, in the world. - I have enumerated,
in these means of defence, proposed to us, a leo; I
small sessels, because they form a part of the pro s
ject of the senator. How they are to he employed
in defending any part of the line, as 1 do not under
stand I will not attempt to explain.° If the sol
diers were stationed equidistant upon this houn•
dary, they would probably be a mile apart. It
seems to me, sir, and 1 say it with respect, that We
might as well attempt to blockade the roast of
Europe by stationing a ship in the middle of the
Atlantic. As to the Rio Grande it is no defensive',
! line at all. Rivers, when best guarded, are found
,to afford very insufficient protection. But in the,
great country south and west of us, yet in a state.
of nature, or slowly emerging from it, streams are
ientitled to little consideration in defensive opera-
I tions. Who is there that has passed his life in the
west, and has not crossed them a hundred times
by swimming, in canoes, upon logs, upon rafts and
upon horses? Is it to be supposed that an active
Mexican, accustomed to the woods from his infant
! cy, would hesitate to dash into a stream, and crass;
( it, almost as readily, as if it were unbroken groudd?
I But, sir, there is another consideration, not tote
overlooked. , How could you keep your citizens on
this side of your itnaginary.fine ?
; The honorable
senator tells us; their spirit Of adventure can hard
ly be restrained in.time, of peace anti:that there
is always danger, that they will! push into-Mexi
can provinces. Bnt in time-of war,even.of - a new
kind of war like this, they would feel that the ene:
It is due to the distinguished sentitortiom South
Carolina to: state that, when Mr. CASS had concluded
his remarks , •lie obserieff,that he had misunderstood
him, as to ie defence of the line; that .the fortres
ses and the four regiments Would be appropriated
but tb apart of it. If so, a large
and
of. the
country would be left undefended, and .the whole.
plan of operation would tail. Such a plan,, to be
effectual, must guard the:whole line. - ..‘
- 4r
1 .3 ; ') f',. 4 s •
MEM
.. ; ,.,,. ,.j
. . .
my's country leas open to them, and their incursions reap, and with all the-evils of hostile - occupation, frimetkereas, geaptede and also some compensation
-would keep up,i. co ntinued state: of hostilities. I cannot but think thin: lie Meninan people may fofFreoch eitiienewho had been expelled from the
The senator say sthat offensivitetyars leak to the be conquered—to juitiee e- ' country ie-- - ' • ":
i
eubjegation of a country. 1 1. do not thus read the Mr. President, e the annatonfrom South Carolina -2. - The British Annual Register obseevesthat, ethe
hi'sto'ry efne t e world *lee the eltietohy of nations. -I. has adverted "teethe, Peile3icai-visitienf feveren by
.peculiar Indemnity,
"which the, French - claimed,
tiffensieeivnetei;s necessary means for the which thelonelends of- edexinenenne, 'during, that arose out of all-'sorts of dements eMtltepait of
ntiteipment becertainjoet objects.l - .. , Giirevar with season impervious to:: the stn e anger.etele is
. n tax certain Feenelerriep, who alleged they had grounds
Englatite.einelele' was an Offensive •pne; but no which these rieli" ; couritnies pan . ear o th erboinitiee eo(comelaietagainst But in arldi-
Aneericein - Minin lies erildea - Cdrehreseever expec- that nature has egiieniltem.
,eßotethis iia . reason . ejein to. the celtripensation demanded, the Freneh
ted•te subjugate that country OM Object: was to for hg,
aetenin - rindenot , fereanientloniiig, ou r-opera- innisted.on-OCiaeiens and privileges, einhich no in-
Compel her to doeitiatice, by injuring her 'where- Lions. Certainly, ttrtiat our noverrinient will not deperident nation build be expected td' grant, and
ever we could. History is filled with instances, of expose t he dives of our brave soldiers in those no generous:one should have endeavoied to extort
offensive ware, undertaken with expectation of death de mo Our armies can fight with from a weaker power. Theyerenuired that judges
subjugation... Indeed e were it,noe otherWise s theie theirmatural enemies,. and •they have poured out shouldebe remoeedeisentenceservoked e. end that
would be few- offensive was, unless those.undertek- their blood like water for their country. But they immunities, not gianted to the most favored.nation,
en bi'veryfarge states against very small ones. .cannot; fight the . pestilence and their, weapons should be conceded to French 'residents; such as
!fit were soperhaps the world 'would be better off, would be poWerless before - the angel of death.— exemption from war contributiens and ex-traordl-
The question, however, is not:before me, and 1 "Whereeir, therefore; they Maybe whenthii time nary ernpeetetineether With 'iiiireetrieted liberty to
shall not travel out of My way to meet it 1, _ of disease conies on, they will no - doubt be stop- carry on aetetaif tiade."- - .. e ' •-: - -- "
The senator says we have gained 1100,000 square pad and properly, eeken care of, in districts; remo- • 'The seizure of he Sandwich Islandseein AO,
miles, and who would continue - the war to secure veil from its oneration. This is the pnramount by - the French Adodial Din Petit Thotiariinis fresh
the acknowledgement of Mexico. But e sir, it is duty of th e geverrunent, and they must fulfill it in the recollection"' of every one who watches the
that very icknoteledgetnent which is to give us the under the heaniest responsibility, So miterb, sir, progress of , ehe 'political • affairsi of the world.
country. Until the 'right which ceseion gives is for the future.e'Now let me be permitted to re- Whateeenwa.s the :cliaraetee - of thelerench claims,
added to the right derived from conquest, we make view the past.; - ' , • the , act of . Fostility by which redress ivasesought,
no acquisition of terretery. We are still at war. During a considerable portion of the last see-. was a stroke, indicted by a: great power upon a
It is the very act of ackoveledgerzient which con- sion of Congress we were occupied in' the con . - . feeble orre,-whicti-neitherethe , nature of thealleged
stitutes peace,.aeid Without which there can be no sideration of the thesis that nations 'cannot go to offence, Menthe-time that had elapsed could_jiiStiey.
war in this enlightened age of the world. How I need not recall iii detail the trapsaCtions of the
The honorable senator spealcs of certainty. How we would, have decided that difficult question, bid La, Plate, by-velaeh the Leeiglisi and French gove
far he requires it in the anticipation of eyents, Ido a deeision became necessary, ,I do not venture to ernmentelriterfere.e hi the war betweenelenenos
not know. These are his `nerds; ~is (twee any assert. Our deliberations were suddenly interrup. Ayres and Mndevideo. The ' universalejedgment
certainty—for I go on 'certainties now, more than ted by the sound . of hostile cannon frond India, of this country has pionoiinced that transaction
probabilities—can any genileman see any certain- from Australia, from,the . Cape of Good' Hope, from one of :the most unjustifiable assaults ever core.
Ity of Mexico yielding to our terms, even suPPos- Algiers, from ;the Caucasus, and from the La Plata, mitted upon the independence of nations Rivas
' ing the first campaign should find us in the city of and still nearer and louder from our own frontier, mercantile Cupidity; anefeeither jiistine nor philan-
Mexico?" - * which announced that oldefaihioned - war. with all thropy, Whichled tiithie gross outrage, .- - -
I ; for one, can see no such certainty, sir. Indeed its evils, stillfound - abiding places upon'the.earth, But why, sir do I turn fromehe direcf issue be
it doee not belong to Man to see it. There is and that We Were yet far from the age of univer- fore us to recall `these instances of self
'scarcely any other certainty, in 'this .lifer than, that sal peace and . benevolence. =The disinterested which have Within the feonlaet years
,attracted the
it will be terminated, and soon _terminated by English journals read us ' many a hollidy upon attention of Christendoend. r agree with the hen ;
death. Almost all is doubtful around it's, especial- our pugnacious propensities and some of the coinl
arable senator from Georgia in moth that he • has
ly in the operations of seer. We are told from the Viewer papers Of Europe expressed theillioly. said on the subjecteorwar, always e einjurious :and
highest authority,always that the race is not to the horror at the. assurance. of that great _unbridled often unjust. But I - am Vol goingmbe led anion
swift, nor the battle to the strong, and every day's trans-Atlantic deinocricy, in thinking it had honor disquisition upon that subject. - We - must:take the
experiehce confirms the truth - of the proposition. and interests, to assert,... and courage to defend world as. we find ite and the .leateon, that hesitates
Some of the most splendid achieverneries'eet war, them. ' .• to defend Its honor and its interests will soon have
from Salamis to Monterey, lease been gained un- The progress of the war in which we found our- neither ito detend.e. There, is an Arab Proverb
der apparently adverse .eircurestances, andeagainst selves engaged has furnished to the English and which says it isslie last feather Which breaks.the
greet disparity of force. 11 we are only tolight French journals, since that period, favorable opprer. camel's back. ; There is ,a last indignity, which,
when victory is certain weshal I never fight at all, trinities of impugning our motives and our policy, unredressed, bretns lawn the honor and character
I The slightest circumstances which human sagacity and of arraigning us at the `tribunal of
,public of any nation e Whether we had reached the point
I could not foresee, nor human power overcome, opinion through the world; in contrest, it is to be where forbearance becomes Pusillanimity ire - our
i have many times decided the destiny id nations. presumed. with the disinterested and philanthropic intercourse with Mexico, can -(rest be judged by
I The senator also has' submitted many sound pb- conductown
of their governments, I desire, ; be- passing in review, the long catalogue of outrages
..
lAeatierie lespecting ; the diversity Cl characters.of fore I exernme the internal questions connected on her side, and of acts of moderation on ours,. .-
races and of instieutions, which exist between us with this war, to submien few remarks on the ex- The Divine Law-giver has said, judge not lest
and Mexico, and 'he dep r ecate s with equal zeal arid ternal ones. 1 The conduct of nations constitutes ye be judged. A,nd'whatjedgmeet has been
- met,
.; justice the union cif. the Mexican people and our.. the law of nations. lithe enlightened and power- eel out' by the, public opinion Of "England upon
1 I fully agree, sir, in all that.. It would be deplor. I ful governments of the world take redress into their rthe conduct of this country in'eur intercourse
able amalgamation. NO such evil will happen to Mu hands, Whenever their interests requires they 1 with the Mexican .eepublic l• Ode shoit, but em- -
I
us in our day. We do not want the people of !have little right to arraign the course of other pow-1 phetice - extract from each Of the great: joule:leis of
.Ntexico eithercitizens
,__or as citizen e or subjects. . All we' cr.% who, 'aftee long years of patient forbearance, England, the , eXponenfs of the rival partiealeethaf
want is a poreoneof:teiritory, which they nomin-1 find themi.eiees t h r i ven to arms , A few brief statercountry, will put this question beyond controver
; ally hold, generally eninhahned, or where iithabi.4 merits of this self-redressing poliiy, if I may call I sy. They were , brouoht out , by the last steam
tee at all, spaiesly so, arid with a population which - them such, will exhibit the modern practice in I packet : - . , -
would soon recede or identify itself with rime. I bold relief. 1 1 'Texas." .says the London Time; ehai spoilt the
• .
The senator says, speaking, of Mexico, "what are.' In IST), difficulties aiosebctcceen the Argentine* morale of the , genteel Suites The invaders of_nlex.-
roil to (13 with the territory?" L answer nothieg , republic aninthe Fren eh, respecting the rervice ofliereare men of blood. Tbey are - not the men-to
I
at all as a permanent acquisition. -Will you,' I foreigners iin the militia of the country. The dip- 'build the temple.of peace." ,• , : •
i says the senator, 'incorporate it in your unionr i lornatic ogent of France immediately withdrew, And the London Morning - Chronicle, speaking "
ICerteinly not. We s s hall hold it as a means of while the French fleet attneked the vessels of. of that pert of • the Presidents message, which re
procuring an honorable peace. And such a peace -Buenos Ayres, which tireere submitted to the del counts the causes of the war, says: , -It scents a
it may ha made to procure for Its. mends impoimil upon it. monstrous thing, that mouth of men' Ai - held:rim
Some of the remarks of the honorable senator I England abandoned the Falkland Islands in ion so; that it should-parade hypocrisy in the day
regretted to 'hear. Those which cast doubts noon 17774, after holding them a fees-years. On the as I light; that it should insult the-understanding of
the power of this country to prosecute this War to sertion of the independence of Beenos Ayres thet 1 the worlde' , 1 -To what erehmake - statements that ;
i an honorable conclueion—euch a conchielon; _in- ; governmeut ttok possession of these islands, at hwill deceive rip one, and which will so much - cued :l
i deed, as will loneolie satisfactory to the Americana the successor of the rights of Spain. In 1833, of e it for the future?', l
people. I aril not going, Mr nreeident, toeubject ter having been the subject of a diplomatic cor- Ifeever there Were one illustration stxonger then
I these times to any severity of iaeestinution, Ilteit'portilenee' between England and Buenos •Ayres, another of ehe propensity of-manto biltold thc.tnotr
1 ~ .!no,dl flair. with reluctrnee in anf cafe, and -/. t While peaceably held by the latter power, a British '-in a brother's eye, and. not t 4. ctinsitica Size la:ain, in
1 conlil not do it in this. My et/feigned- respect furl vessel of war took. poseession of them, and its cap-I his Otril, it is found. in these ever-renewing,-and
' the die-tit/peeked senator would prohibit it.,:-- lain addressed to the Buenos Ayman commander ever-condemning judgenents formed in .England
IWhile I claim for myself, and yield 0 - others the this modest and laconic note ro , It is my intention' { upon thepolicy. of the
_United States, both enter
'
! most
not
range of iliscos.iiorn and vt; a i le,t itoehoist, to-nierrow morning, the national 'flag of! nal and I r iternel. Like the Pharieee of old, the
Ido not call in rmestion the truth of tie sentiment GmateDritaier, on shore, when, I requeet you will i English people Marilee God they are not as other
tittered during the last war, that a pelilic nem has be pleased to haul down your flag, and to withdraw Orations are, "or even as" that great _mobocracy up-
I a right to speak to his country, though-lie maYbe vintr forces,ntaking with you all the stores ~&C.,.. on the western hemisphere, eo hateful in the eyes
Ilivaid by the saga', still there are diseretiegery belonging to sour ^merriment." of every true believer in the divine right of thefew
• heeds, which it seems to, me it were better not to In InA l eieditrlc7itY arose between the British to govern the many. ~
ns -- .
pa and the Inniuguesegoecrnments, in consequence They thank God that they do not no to war.—
' - Every Ward Met is sOoken here is ',hcaid ii of tie cla:Me of "certain .British subjects Free- llt is antiquateile it is a banbarnes, usage, unfit for
t he pi e ue a u o f ede ei c tk . L eg i e l at ese di e c o sei o ns, I land item:ended
e . -, ,?,,,4 , -,b . ~., ..,,,:',1%-..." .... IChristateenien,Mitierabiteeerratoefrom
bee e ith open d,,,,r5, a r e,s; in thi s age o f - psogoigs: i ts. t l st. rharrietentilifieee ineltifirelioall be calla- New'Jereey r ecaps cited the wrongs we-had•sete
`ti. tons before the World. , A.sose watch the 'nide' iered. ' - -O th er poviers enumerating then,
1 cations . of teeblic opinion in Mexico, and seek 1 ed. That , certain paymerts intsuld , :lie ..made l with mathematical precision—the Sexon, the Gain
...
them in the jeurnale of the day, the same univer- i s within a menet. _ - , the Dane, and atirmetall others whose names are
i sal ineeeengeus carry- back all that we arc saying.' ed. That several magietratenshoeldnie removed-1 found id the nomenclature of nations, end thence
1 aid doi n g, and proposing. Far be it from rite to I 'lth. That regular judicial proceedings should he; seemed to deduce the conclusion that, as we c hen
question the conduct or the motives of all.l' honor ' disavowed, an runes d sernnsation Made for iujuries, suffered much, We might well suffer more: I Wile
able senator.. I believe that every member of that they were mid to li:lvolt:dinned. - - not undertake to say, Mr. President , that we have
' body is aetu lied by as pure intentions as lam sth. Another disavowal. of the proceedings cif a not pushed our forbearance beyond the true limit
.
myself. lint I stigeest, :is it priteent to say here: magistrate., lof tut blit honor .and dignity ; but I will say to thail
that it is mincer ain whether we shall be able to i l And in all these cases of dismissal, it was re_l honorable senator; that our cap was running trier
reach the city of , elexieti during this campaign.] quired that they should, he notified in the Lisbon; when clexico attacked us; rend that the. Noire
' and that if we do not, she will be encouraged, and l Gazette; with a statement of the causes which; would have been as full oe danger and tonere-aim
we iliscotirugeth she nirfille.l, and vte Irresolute?—; occasioned them, and an assurance that , none of.;i ty its the past was of indignity, had eve sat down
Is it prudent 'to say, that there are doubts vvhether i these persous should again be employed under any and worked out our course by therule, ofehree— ,
we can raise the mean? for another,. snore costly] pretence. As so many injuries from Denmark gave such a
and at a greater distanteil To say, that the spirit! eth. That certain duties on British manufactures- measure of immunity, what measure shallthe he,
'of volumeering is gorie t t 'To say, that for a third! should ve"SP. . - justice of Mexico .eive? . ,- " -• '' ' ~,-
'campaign there will be; no longer resources . in 1 7th. That compensation should be made to an I feel little disposition, sir, to pore over the-his
treasury note; ? fe e h aus i e d, per h a p s more thin lEnglisit man who had been ordered back into Spain, tories of France or England, and placing-my finger
o
exheueted by t hi s s i n gle•eamaign ITo ask, al in comequence of irregularity in his passport. %pen the acts of injustice recorded! therevto rout=
Iwe can borrow ? If we can ' lay taxes?' %Int:Ill Sth. A fievere and public reprimand of a Per pare these with our own-pone:vein our intercourse
: tett :, &c ? Ti, ask. if !Ave can collect them in tutturese offil•er. who tend given Offence, with foreign nations. We never - acquired a foot .
certain States that are ititibarras , ed : suit to answer ! 4 th. TS dismissal of a judge conservator ofthe of territory by blood. I_ If they dare-to say as Much:
no! To inquire, if there will be sullen:Di unanimel British prikileees. . - let them say it. ...Texese' says the -Timesee.has
i try and real in the priAi
plion of the sear, to w a r- 10th. A p isitive eneacement that the rights of spoilt the.morak of the United States", Is there':
rant the belief that C'cionr e ess would grant the Le. British subjects should thenceforth be strictly oh' any ntornlr left in. England?' If there is, it hai'
; cesssry supplies ! a -t-' served. ' survived the shocks of such acquisitions:as the";
I
l i These are irksome ingiiiiies to me, Mr, Preen; And to all these demands it Was :idled. that i WOHII has never Eeeni since the fell of the Romani I
Ide and awl I shall not pilisue them. II all this is ~,,l none of them admitted of the slightest negotiation empire. We are !mw
en of blood, because e,resist
we ale:already unfaithful, to the trust transmitted for mailific Ition. ' the invasien of the MeNicans I And Whit thehe
tiiiieniurchaseil by the exertion arel blood of our I This ultim ilium was carried ou t by a British I
arc the men of England. who have left the
_mark
fathere, and left as a medium legacy for time vi, h., l squadron which criii,e,t off the moo:ha:if the Ta- of blood - me .4
in the .oil of almost every nation
lare. o come after us. The lofty position of il i el Wis. while the Portuguese ministry were deliber I the lnibitnal globe? The American mouth tittere
i distinguished Feenotor from Smith Carolina, his rep. mine on their reply. [ hypocrisy!! But there is no hypocrisy in high
illation—a EairtMean one, in fart—his great servi- The nntnre of that reply was detertnined by the I places, where finhearance, -and Moderation, and
i re!. and his pure character, eive extraordinary, notice With which the British consul general con- philanehrepy• are eternally preached, and conquest
I neigh; tee all the sentiments be utters; and the I eluded his demands. that in the event of their be and acquisition; and' commercial cupidity eternal : :
' deeper,-therefore, is my reeret. If these appreeten. I ing rejected, the British fleet would commence hos- ly practised. ,
'
snows are well Jimmied. there is another point off tihities. Ecrore the time . elapse , ' every demand 'We have seen one kingdom overturned, and its
1 application for the epierammatick remark of a i was,complied with. and the Lisbon Gazette, on the dominioq 4 .pass to a foreign power,- because Me
; French statesman, speal ' iing of lie in the earlier' ed dr 81st', announced the humiliation of the Pot- semi-barbarous sovereign forgot his own dignity
I period of our history, who said, " If Audi is tar tineueee government. ' . and the rights of others, so match as to flourish
! youth of that republic, what will be its old age.''' "This example, - says the British Annual Regis; his fan in the face ofa consul: And we have
Sir, it will have no old age. _ ter, with much naivete, while narrating the trans- seen the oldest empire innhe world ettacked.. and .
I The ryes of Europe are upon us. Nothing worse' action. "iris not lost upon Trance:' A French its recesses, so long concealed, laid open, and its
l i Call happen to us than to stop ingloriously. This citizen bad been Punished for"
" committing, a government prostrated at the feet of an invadet,
lis our last resource. We have, then , but to pro. breach of public decency in the
~Cathedral during because it insisted upon the exercise of ,its indis
isec ute this war, is other wars are prosecuted by passion yea's;" and another Frenchman was ace putable right to prohibit ; the smuggling of opium
I other nations. 'We have hut to discard dangerous reused and: punished fo r h av i ng b een engaged in a —a drug equally destructive to, the physical, pow
experiments. and to hold ore to the experience of conspiracy, "Others subjects of France had been ers and to the moral -faculties. "tut, sir, J. have no
i the world, ; We must breast ourselves to the shock. arrested at Opo r t o an d Lisbon, b ut h a d suffered no disposition to open a /edger With other nations, and
iWe mute continue our occupation 01 Mexico. and other indignity but their confinement." These to make regular entries of their acts-of justice
I push tile; invasion still farther. We meet do as measures appear to have been directed by the ordi- and aggression, and to compare the acepurit with
either people have done—ive must attack and ()is- nary judicial tribunals. The French government our Own. We claim no exemption from the frail,
parse her armies, take possession of her towns and demanded, redress, whichteneet, lieineteogranted, a ties of humanity_ It were well if war 'could be
capture her fotttesses. There servos to be some French fleet sailed for the Tagusmid berm repri- banished, and peace forever established among the
analogy between the cities of Paris and Mexico, sals on the Portuguese flag. This measure being r nations of. the world. That time Will come;"but
1 Both are the native seats of revolutions. Both ox. found insu ffi cient to produce t h e desired result, aI it willscome when it is ordained in the providence
ert a p r ep o nderating influence over their respectivel stronger teat was despatched, with an ultimatum.; of-God. The eye, of faith maydiscern it n o w__
couritries I have no rightto give an authorita- ' and this not h dug accepted, it entered the river But, looking at things as they are, and applying 'to
tive opinion respecting the expediency of a de, and anchored off Lisbon. The Portuguese govern- them, the ordinary rules of human judgment; the
monstration upon the capital. litin.l do not hes relent Melt submitted. But immediately after, ad e reign of universal :peace is, still far remote.' Arid,
itate to say that I think it would,lee. a wise and ditional demands were made, and the Portuguese in the mean tame, it wn are steuck, we must etrike
probably decisive measure. •lt would dispereethe fleet was conveyed to Brest, back, or become a by-word and areproach among'
government, and weaken, if not break. its hold up. Certain ) commercial advantages were graeteteto the nations oethe ,earth. . - • _- • • i e
on public opinion. It would (Been the revenues Great Brituin by Naples in a treaty concluded,. in But, sir e passing friaMthe external-view of oar,
from them to us. And id addition to this resource, 1810. Tn 18eS e a monopoly of the sulphur mines difficulties with' Mexico, we -have still an '• e n ;
I agree fully with the bonorableserettor from Alis. was granted by the Neapolitan government to a ternal one to take, whicb involves much higher .
souri in opinion, that ire ehould call contributions companyeorgenized for the purpose of working, considerations. : The causes of the war "a- grave
to our aid in defraying our military expenses. It them. England considered this grant an infraction subjec.t of ! disensaion..; Public opinion. is , breed
is a legitimate means of support for hostile ar. of the treaty, and remonstrated against it. After gating - and pronouncing its judgment upon them.
mies. It belongs to the present age, and not ex- some diplomatic discussions. the Neapolitan gov- For myself, I have no fear of the result. The
elusively to the past. Durifigall the wars of Eu. ernment announced-to that of England that it lead more the queetion ii examined, the more - manifest
rope in our time, almost . the 'first thing the cOtTl. determined not to yield to the demands,- not con- will be:our wrongs, and . the clearer. our , forbear
mender of a foreign army does on entering an en- sidering the- monopoly as any infraction of the ance. In the President's last messageeme interest
emy'a town, is to convene the -magistrates and treatyeeeThe parties interested in it took the ing synopsis was given'of the conducteqc-
Mexico
make requisitions upon them for bread, meat, wine, ion of two of the most etninent counsel in Eng . towards taus Country.. No more corielieineve review
forage, and such other supplies as 'fire wanted land: Sir PePollocit. and DeePhillmoree who deci- of' national injuries-hoe-ever , appealed to the pub-
And .— this, too, under threat of military execution.ened that it wan' no infraction of the treaty Of 1816, l i c eo pi n i oeso f
nn . s country,.or , of the. world. 'it
And the process has , en f oun d e ffe c t u al, and the_ tleut the British government determined to enforce recapitulates, calmly and with fence, the still tic-a
''
been
' ' - its demands, and ordered its admiral On the Medi- mulating evr' °figs we had suffered, and the final net
practice universal. . .
Bet it is said, Mr. President th atethe elexicens terranean station to hold' himself in -readiness- to which crowned them—theievasionof our country
will fight to the last extremity. It be so.— commence hostilities ggainst the Neal - kith flag; and the attack Micafour army ;' in attack. which
There are Many desperate, deeds recorded in his. They were actually
commenced in eSegleY a Brit, the Mexican'authorities declared they.would nieke
tory, and obstinacy is a promitient trait in the ish fleet, Which captured a number of 'Neapolitan as far east as, the eaten° river e'
Spanish, character, and belongs to nll theaffiliated vessels. ;The ;goverinnent of Naples at first pree I shall not; Mi.' President gO over the-whole ,
people of that stock - . But men do not fight for pared- to resists but says an Englishehisteriam ground of our difficulties with Mexico
.` I regret
the mere purpcise o' being kitten.. 'We do not en; -" the titter hopelessness of . a
coneeetwith_England that it becomes necessa'r'y to investigate tneir, his.
ter Mexiirceto conquer her—only to remitter a peace induce/4 . ft finally to accept the proposed mediation toryinethie place: eletegren that tinanineity - doei
We do Abt anail. her independence. We Only ask of Franlnel "The result was the abolition of Ile not prevain"tiponethee subject when unanimity "is.
her to do us justice , It seems to in; them that sulphur ,Monnpoly. ' , . - e . , ' - - so essential he prompt and ingerousantion. :While
this is not one of those cases Sometimes proud- The Feeneh.,took poesession 'of leera Cruz in I re g ret_ it,hOwe‘er, I,,iropygn.tiip motives-of "no
nent in the history of nations ' ',Aston the
and
1839, after - atheav,y bombardment and held it as a One. .:Thatile-r God ;yee,ate as. free „to , investigate
energy is aroused to a - fit of desperation, tuid by_ security foretheiedress of their grienaneese ;These- the conduct of the government as we are :to
which n means victories are nettle:ted againse all grievances consisted principally if note-whaler, in breathe the air of heaven But,vhile I-concede
pre eea us ,e a l cu l at i ons . eeje t h o tie l mernmenr;v6ll,....withholtling from French citizens the right of re to others the eatOettlilit I claim for mysele--the
out trade without resources, sowing butenot:to tail trade - Att, infiernnity,.,43l three'rnilliona ,, Of right toexienhfe - jr - eay - tac to :l6,i 1 , openly the
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conduct of, the_gevernment in its intereontse with
other nation -I Inky, be allowed to express the re
gret, and, together' with the' regret, the surprise,
thatthreirghout the country one, undivided senti
ment had norprevailed—that the conduct of Mex
ico left us no choice between and dishonor.
We were the first to receive that republic into
the family of nations. Our complaints against
I,Ber:commenced - almost with the commencement
lofftier independence. They go back to the year
I rBl7, and come - down to the present day in one
almost uninterrupted series of outrages. I' shalt
not state them seriatim ; nor enter into a detail of
I their- nature. arid extent. This has been tepestedly
!done, and the official documents are before the
country. invill merely elassify from;:en able re.
port, mailt,lay Mr. Forsyth in 1837, the Varioue
heads of c.omplaints, which will present the gen-
I eral aspect of the subject :"
1. Treasure lieiongiog to citizens of the, United
States has been seized by Mexican officers in its
, transit from the capital to the coast.
3 Vess*ls of the-United -States hatelitien'essi:
i tured, detailed, and condemned, upontherinnittiff
olous pretexts - , '' ' -'I '• :-• ''.
3. Dutielhave been exacted front btliera note
.
rill* against law, or without law.- .. ' ''.- ,
4. Other vessels have been employed; intli."-: ; = 0.
some inatances ruined in the Mexican seryfeer;
without compensation - to the owners.`
5. Citliens of. the United States• have been iiriaL,
, prisoned tor long periods of time, without being
informed ,of the offences with which they were
. - .
charged. - . a ... -
ti. Other citizens hare been murdered and robbed
by Mexican officers on the bigh sews, without-ay
attempt to bring the guilty to. justice.
_, .- . • -
In' presenting to Congrecri these cailses. of com
plaint against Mexico - in 1637, General .. Jackson
stated that they " would justify, in the eyes of all
nations, immediate war." This sentiment was re- -
sponded to by the - -Ccnoirrittees on.. Foreign Rela.
thins, both in, the Senate and House of Represen.
I tatives ; the former 01 whom looked to a present
' tation of the subject at, the next session of Coo-
greet; and. could not doubt but that such measures -
went I be immediately adopted 'its might be.rieces.:
nary to vindicate the honor'of the country, siuds - - -- " -
insure ample reparation to'oor injured citizens.--
And the-latter say they "fully concur With the
President, that ample cause exists for taking` re- .-
dress into our oxen hands, dnd believe that we shall
be justified in the opinion of other nations for ta
king such a step." • President Van Buren, in-De. ,
cember, 1837, its his - rnessagelii Cangrees,, said .
I that " though bur causes of complaini, and some
of the most offensive character, admitted of an -
immediate and satisfactory reply, yet it was oidy
withima, few dayi,that any answer hail beep re
ceived, and that no satisfaction had been given or
offered fat one of our public complaint, and that
only one, case of personal wrong bad been favora
bly considered, and that but four eases, out of all,
had been decided by the Mexican government."--.
President Vali Buren distinctly told Congress that
redress Was beyond the reach' af the ExecotiVess,
and could only- be obtained by the action of Con- • '
'grass, which action must, of course, be 'war: *. '
: As to 'the 'conventions. which have since been.,
inideb - ss - the two countries, and violated by Meal::
co. I need not enter into their history: they arst
fresh in the recollection of all.: These three con
ventions, by the infidelity of the Slexitan pities:h.
rnent have proved nearly fruitless; and afterthitty..
years e sOf injury . on- the one.side,-and of semen.
strance 'on the other. there is Aediting left for us,
but to abandon all . hope of redrew,- or ta obtain
it by &vigorous prosecution of the war. Is Orr*
anothergovemment on the face of-the earths rib ich
would bare been thus patiept, not to say litimbli,'
during the !Ong progress of such aggressional—
And it is now too late to tell us, that we bora .
hastily and unnecesssrily commenced War, when'
the war was commenced by the enemy, and *hem
rif we had struck the first stroke, we should have
been justified in th e eyes of the world and of putt •
terity,,.
Bunt may be said,and it has been.said, -- that as . .-
thonr,litstafficient causes of war existed on Our part, ,
still 'it _wee not tress causes which provoked ims
mediate, hostilities . This view; if true, his, relit-,
thaw tO the expediency, and, . not to the justice of
the war. :But. what are the' general. facts upon
whiehia just conclusion can' be fanned? 'After
the convention" of. Texas had decided that that.re
ptiblic would annex herself to the United States,
agreeably to.the tett:la - held out in the act of Con
gress, but before its consummation by a rate of the
Texan people, we were under a stsong moral obli- -,
, gation.to protect her from any foreign invasion,
l and more particularly.from any invasion to - which
she might be exposed"by the manifestations other
intentions to attach herself to the United States.
j I shall, no . t'irgue this point. No Musts:mien cen -,
make it stronger. As soon, therefore, as the in
cipient steps hail - been
,taken; our troops - entered
Texas.by the invitation of the proper authorities,
and on the 'lsth day of August, 1845, they had te.- . :,. ;
' ken a position at Corpus Christi, wesfeif the 'Noe
_ces, and remained there till the' 17th -. of •Mareh,
1846: when. they marched far the RioGrande: ' s.4i
mnelribr our'military movements. -' -- - - '
...1. .
, Two causes are alleged as givine Mexlicr list.
cause of war against the. United States, The first,-
which is the annexation of Teals, iajepiritly algid
both in -Mexicaand in this country. The second; _.'
which I believe finds its advocates only in the Unf. .
tett States. is that our.arroy occupierbthe country
•between the Nueces and the Rin Grande.;
dale the first, it has passed the ordeal of pi)* -,
lie - dfinion. and rectal:edits final judgment. Ido
not _flatter mrselfstli'at.'"' amid present : any-new,
vreays'' - of a stifiect i 9 :10 - eg and so publicly dlicusi
eel,,.; But,' as it stands in my vvay. and T cannot. - •-
avojil•it;r shelf Venture to submit a few reflections -.
Which have occulted, tome. . . . '
• The right:nf.si etitintrY to reduce to obedience a.
ppitiOn tri,;;As - t.rritorY asserting independence by
arms.; is nordenieci. The recognized
.prineiples of
the law of nations require:other powers to-afford
no, aid to either party during the actual progress •
of the controversy. 'they may acknowledge the
independence of the insurrectionary provincf, With - -
out giving to the4evernment claiming; its allegi
ance .any, jus.t•cause of offence. They did so. tot
Alexia° during the progress of her revointionary
war with Spain, and they did sa to Texas, while a
similar relation existed betWvert her and Mexico. -
But there is a limit to this right. Such a war cans
not last forever, and two. nations cannot forever be •
kept in this peculiar-attitude, involving delicate
questions; that niay ist any time disturb the peace . '
of the world. When Greece declared - her lode- ...,--'•
pendence of Turkey, the Porte waged .war or
...
a
many years to reduce her to subjection: Theprin-- :
eipat powers of. Europe; believing, that a reasona.
' ble opportopity hail been'afforded to the Turkish
government to re-establish its supremacy, and itr„,
which effort it bed failed, determined that an end
'should be put to the operations. They therefore
interfered, and annoonced to the Sultan, that the
time had coma when Greece must be imlepenslent.
'And this declaration was maintained byforce, and
at Navarino, to use a villitied, but very proper ex
pression, they conquered a peace. This is perhaps
a'strong case, for this interference took place fa.
gracile bello, While a Turkish army was_ yet engaged
in operations to put down the spirit of freedom in
Greece.As a general principle, it may be as.
sumed,-that while both parties ,are waging open '
war, to asseilt their superiority, other nations should ,
look on and peacefully bide the issue: But whets' •
the contest is actually abandoned, and the invading - .
party withdraws from the disputed territory, and
relinquishes all military operations, the sfroggleis .
over. lotlependence is established, anewhalever
may be the nominal relations of the'two countries,
they are hencerailla in the same attitude—equal
powers among the nations of the earth. The war
is in effect over, and its rights should pass away' _
with itself. This is the true view of the stibjeet, .
and applying these principles to the then existing
'relations between Mexico and Texas, we shall fi nd -- .'
!that the latter power was as free from Mexico as'
1
we are from England. No effort had been made, -.
'by the Mexican government for ten years to re,
duce her revolted province to subjection. Not a '
hostile foot had trodden the Texan soil. A chief.
magistrate, and at the same time commander.ins
chief, captured; an army destroyed; and all inva
ders repelled, were the fruits. of. her last exertion.
They crowned at One's her patriotism, and sealed.
-her fate_ She was henceforth independent. And.. ?
no more , decisive .evidence of this result can be :
furnished, than the very conduct of Mexico herself., --'
What did she do, probably under other prompttogs,
when it,was ascertained that Texas desired ad mis- ,
[shut into our'confederacy? She offered to, 4c-: . :''
tionwledgeber independence, if she would pledge.. ,-..
herself :not . to -join the Americrtn Union., ~ A. jest,,. c;: .
° " 1. P e " ' linW°To Pll?P o44ll ;'NOl.ieb" lliaMlf bast s.-:
no (right "ti nitike;* entl.wbWl the ' 011ier ipiiitigiut, 1 .
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