. . . _ , . ..., 1 ; • , , . 1 0 . . _ . . . . . , . . `•,, ••,----.... M .... i....,4 , ._ . . _ . .. , I . IN .. .... •-r.l. • .., , • `..:. .:...!:, . . - .. „:...., ....„.,. _,...,..., ~•.......,,,,5,,......,../. ~...., ..: ...., . t..,..1:, A. J. GERRIT SON," Proprietor. You tar. aO2llllOBll DZIIOCHAT. A MC XEA OR-s' Of the Great Struggle between Liberty and Helmetlsm tbr the last Hundred Years. THOMAS JEFFERSON IN FAVOR OF A WHITE MAN'S GOVERNMENT. Nearly forty years ago, a female evan gelist of the Beet formed by Jean Jaques Rosseau stood up in the Bowery theatre of the city of New York, and in presence of an admiring audience, denounced with bitter scorn the holy, ecripturestof the old and new testaments, and placing ber hand on the Declaration of Independence, ex claimed : " This is my holy Bible—my text book—the holy Bible of American Independence, and must soon be the holy Bible of all the earth." Americans concede to Thomas. Jeffer son, the founder of Democracy, the au thorship of that immortal document enti tled the Declaration 'i)f . American Inde pendence. Does the Bible of Thomas Jef ferson teach the doctrine of negro equali ty? Did Thomas Jefferson, the Virginia patriot, anywhere in any of his numerous writings, assert the equality of the white and black races ? The Republicans pro claim to the world that Thomas Jefferson is the founder of their party ; that he laid down the principles they have taken up and carried forward so triumphantly.— They say that "for any man to stand up in the latter part of the 19th century and talk about God Almighty distributing his favors unequally among men, is_an insult to Omnipotence, and that they are plac ing the negroes on an equality with the white race as Jefferson in his holy Bible" intended they should be. Happily_ for America, Jefferson not on ly indited" his "holy bible," but he was its expounder and interpreter. Six years after writing the Declaration of Indepen dence, the learned Marquis de Bartle:Mar bois, Secretary of the French Legation, propounded to him a set of inquiries, and among the number was one concerning tlnegro race in America. Did Jeffer. Roll tell this learned Frenchman that he intended to place those negroes on a po litical equality with the white race, and that he meant the same in the &Clara tion ? Nay, he unfolds to Count Mar'bois his plans, in the foym of a bill ibefore the Virginia Legislature, of gradual emanci pation and colonization of the black race ; and of sending to other parts of the world for an equal number of white inhabitants, —to induce them to emigrate hither, pro per egeouragements are to be proposed. " It, will probably be asked," says the author of the holy bible of the Republi cans, " Why not retain and incorporate the blacks into the State, and thus save the expense of supplying by importation of white settlers the vacancies they will leave ?" Answer : "Deep-rooted prejudices en tertained by the whites, ren thousand re collections by the blacks of the injuries they have sustained, new provocations, the real distinctions which nature has made, and many other circunistances,will divide us into parties and produce convul sions, which would probably never end but in the extermination of one or the oth er raa•. To these objections, which are politiml, may be added others, which are physical and moral. The first difference which strikes us is that of color. Wheth er the black of the negro resides in the reticular membrane betwegn the skin and the sccof-skin, or in the scarf-skin itself; whether it proceeds from the color of the blood, the color of the bile, or from that of some other secretion, the difference is fixed in nature, and it is as real as if its seat and cause were better !mown to us. And is this difference of no importance ? Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expression of every passion by greater or less suffusions of color, in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony which reigns in the countenances—that immovable veil of black which covers all the emotions of the other race? " Add to these, flowing hair, a more el egant symmetry of form, and their own judgment in favor of the whites. The cir cumstance of superior beauty is thought worthy of attention in the propagation of our horses, dogs, and other domestic ani mals—why not in that of man ? Besides those of color, figure and hair, there are other physical distinctions, proving a dif ference of race. They secrete less by the kidneys and more by the glands of the skin, which gives them a very strong and disagreeable odor. They seem to require less sleep. A black, after hard labor tbro' the day, will be induced by the slightest amusement - to sit up till midnight, or la ter, though knowing that he must be out with the first dawn of the morning.— Their griefs are transient ; those numbei less afflictions, which render it doubtful whether Heaven has given life to as iii mercy or in wrath, are felt less, and soon er forgotten with them. In general their existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection. To this must be ascribed their disposition to sleep when abstracted from their diversions and unemployed in labor. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does not, reflect, must be disposed to deed; of course. Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason and imagination, it ap pears to rue that 'in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason, maeh in ferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehend ing the investigations of Euclid ; and that in imagination - they are dull and anoma lous. It would be unfair to follow them to Africa for this / investigation. We will consider them here on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be formed." tour limits compel a pause in the trea tise of this great statesman upon the phys ical differences between the white and black races. But on .a review of the dis sertation already given, what facts, Amer icans, are brought to full light before you? The first which blazes forth its rays upon you, is the fact now disputed by the par ty in power, that the founders of this gov ernment intended to found and did found and establish a " White Man's govern ment"—that the black race were to have no share therein, but were to be removed out of the United States, and their places to be filled with white people from some other part of the globe. The fact stares you in the face that Jefferson and all the patriots of America never intended to in corporate the blacks into the State, as the Republicans are now incorporating them; and that. their assertion that they are car rying out the principles of Jefferson .or any other American patriot of 1776, is a false assertion. The fact stares you in the face that the Republican party made war upon the gov ernment, of our fathers, for the express purpose of tearing down the "white man's government," and building up a black maft's governnient; and that they are building this government upon falsehoods and lies, and establishing by the power of the sword over the white people of the South, and over the dead bodies of a mil lion of American people, that very politi cal equality between the negroes and the white race, the attempt to do which, Thomas Jefferden declared would " pro- duce convulsions, which would probably never end bat in the extermination of one or the other race." Another fact stares you in the face, that Thomas Jefferson's principles are the principles which are now stigmatized by the Republic:Hest as "eolorphobia," a cure for which was discovered by their leader, " Doctor Jenner Garrison.' The color o the negroes is candidly given by Jefferson as an objection to their being incorporated into the State or govern ment. Their " odor" is another objec tion ; their woolly heads another ; and besides these—figure, color and hair—he gives many other " physical distinctions, proving a difference of race." The next number will contain the intel lectual distinctions, given by the author of the declaration that " all men are crea ted equal"—explaining to all the world why the nogroes were farbidden a place in the American government, which the Republicans call a "wicked prejudice," which' they are driving out of the South ern people, and curing them thereof by the medicine discovered by Wm. Lloyd Garrison, and administering the same with " bayonets at their throat." And this history will prove that this warfare upon the South and upon their " sympa thizers" in the North, is the wickedest persecution that has occurred in the an nals of the world since the days of the Ro- man Empire. —A one•legged soldier at Harrisburg, Pa., who is a mechanic, has a likeness•of Grant banging in the shop, and every time the General commits an act showing himself the guilty tool of the Rump, the soldier makes a black mark on his face.— It is needless to say that. Grant's face is already as black as a negro's. The Farmer. How happy is the farmer's toil ! To deck with turf the unsighted soil, To clothe the glebe with grain, Even while be sleeps, the busy seed Doth wake to consummate his deed, The earth to bless and man to feed ; Nor shall his hope be vain, Who walks with Nature and with God la holy labor, o'er the sod. &GM:TENET. —A gentieMan' whO bad been a justice of the peace for thirty-five' years, was not allowed to register, in the State of West Virginia, becanie be purchased a horse named Stonewall_Jacksoa ; the register remarking "that he'd be d—d it any " trooly toil" man would own a horse by that name." 31.1,7 UM 808 POTATOES. —I will give you a receipt for raising potatoes, that is worth the price of your paper for one year to any farmer that is short of manure. It is as good as the . best superphospate of rime, and it - Will riot cost halt as much, I haVe tried it two years, and I am satisfied _ that it is gc)tid on dry land. Take one cask of run ' e atid Black it wish wat er , and Wen stir in one bushel of filfe salt,. and then mix in lnatii, enough iso that it will ant beonine'rinirtar; it will MOO, about five barrels.' Pig' ball' a pint in *bill, at planting.—Yesartehuseter Amer. MONTROSE, PA., TUESDAY, MAY 5, 1868. The Gun Powder Plot. A LEGEND OF 1770 Night bad set in deep, and in a small log cabin situated a few miles from Tren ton, N. J., sat five men, four of whom were seated around an old oaken table in the centre of the room engaged in playing cards, while they frequently moistened their throats with large draughts from an old earthen jug that stood on the table. They were heavily bearded, coarse look ing men, and from their dress, which somewhat resembled the British uniform they were evidently Tories. The other was a stout built young man, clad in the continental uniform. He sat in one cor ner of the room with his face buried in his hands. "Tom," said one of the Tories, rising from the table and seating himself near the prisoner, for such he evidently was, "Tom, you and I were school boys together, and I like you yet. Now, why can't you give up your wild notions and join us ? You are onr prisoner, aad if you don't we shall hand you over to headquarters to morrow, while if you join us your fortune is made, for with your bravery and talents you will soon distinguish yourself in the royal ar my, and if this rebellion is carried out, your cause would be rewarded by a knight hood and promotion in the army. Now there are two alternatives; which do yon choose ?" "Neither," said the young man, raising his head and looking the Tory steadily in the eye. "I am now, as yon say, your prisoner, but when the clock strikes twelve I shall leave you; I shall disappear in a cloud of fire and smoke, and neither you nor your comrades, nor even myself can prevent it. Yon may watch me as closely as you please, tie me hand and foot if you will, but a higher power than yours or mine has ordained that I shall leave you at that time." " Poor fellow, his mind wanders," said the Tory; he'll talk differently in the mor ning." And he returned to his seat at the table, leaving the youth with his head res ting in his hands. When the clock struck eleven, the young prisoner drew a pipe and some to bacco from hispocket, and asked the To ry leader if he - bad any objection to his smoking. " None , in the least," he said, adding with a laugh—" that is, if you'll promise not to disappear in a cloud of to bacco smoke." The young man made no reply, but im mediately filled and lighted his pipe; hav ing done which, he arose and commenced pacing the floor. He took half a dozen turns up and down each side of the room, approaching nearer the table each time, when, having exhausted his pipe, be returned to his seat and refilled it. He continued to smoke until the clock struck twelve, when he arose from his seat and slowly knocking the ashes from his pipe, said : "There, boys, it's twelve o'clock, and I must leave von. Good bye !" Immediately all around the room streaks of pre ran hissing and squirming; the cabin was filled with dense, sulphu rous smoke amidst which was heard a clap of thunder. The Tories sat in their chairs paralyzed with fright. The smoke soon cleared away, but the prisoner was no where to be seen. The table was overturned, the window was smashed to pieces,and one chair was ly ing on the ground outside of the building. The Tory leader, after recovering from his stupor, gave one glance around the room and sprang oat of the window, fol lowed by his comrades. They ran . Oro' the forest at the top of their speed, in the direction of the British encampment, leav ing their muskets and other arms to the mercy of the flames, which bad now begun to devour the cabin. The next day two young men, dresSed in continental uniform, were seen standing near the rains of the old cabin. One was talking of the night previous. " Let ns hear all about it, Tom," said the other. " Well," said be, " last evening as I was passing this place, two Tories ran out of the cabin and took possession of me. Be fore I could make any resistancethey took me io, and who do you suppose I saw as'a leader Of their party but John Barton, our old school mate. He talked with me, and tried to induce me to join them; but I told them I couldn't do it; that at twelve o'- clock I was going to escape, disappear in s cloud of fire and smoke; but he laughed at.me, and said I was out of my head. " About eleven o'clock Laslied him if I might smoke. He said he bad no objec tion; so I filled my pipe and lighted it, and commenced walking the floor. I had ;lout a pound of gunpowder in my pock et, and as I walked I strewed it all over the floor. When the clock struck twelve I bid them good bye, and told them I had to go; and then knocking the ashes out of my pipe, the powder ignited, and a daz zling flame of fire shot across, around, and all over the room, filling it with suffoca ting smoke. Before it cleared away I hurled a chair through the window, sprang out and departed, leaving them to their own reflections. Yon know the rest." —Aleby is dancing Eke milk P Because it strengthens the eaves. Indian Corn. The corn crop is by far the most valua ble one grown in the country. It is cul tivated over a larger extent of territory, thrives well under various degrees of lati tude and returns more money to the' agri cultural community than any other cereal. How important, then, that the land on which it is cultivated be mechanically and chemically prepared—draining and sub soiling—deep, thorough ploughing, abun dance of manure; then the seed put in at the right time, in a proper manner, and the after culture timely and thorough. The Spring has been late, but a season able time for corn planting in the Middle and New England States, is from the tenth to the twenty fifth of May, There is nothing gained by planting this crop be fore the soil is warmed np; before the temperature is sufficient to make the seed germinate rapidly. The source of heat is from the sun; and no soil will absorb much solar heat when saturated with water. Hence, there is nothing gained in planting corn before evaporation has carried off the Spring rains, and the temperature of the soil is sufficient to expand and germi nate vegetable seed. But when the sea son is reasonably advanced, and the land is dry and warm, get in your corn with out delay. Late planting makes late har vesting; and as there are only one hun dred and twenty, to one hundred days be twenty Spring and Autumn frosts, "de lays are dangerous." One of the most important things in planting corn is thorough ploughing. No true farmer will dispute this. Corn roots extend over a large surface, and will seek food from all portions of the soil broken by the plough. Again, many seasons are subject to droughts, and that, generally, is at the time when the ears are maturing. A safe guard against drought, is a well drained soil, sub soil ploughing and fre quent culture of the growing crop. We prefer the inverted sod, Spring ploughed, if a dry, mellow soil. If a stiff clay land, we should have ploughed it last Fall, so that the Winter frosts could aid in breaking it up; giving it time for the sod to rot and mingle with the soil. Some grass lands are very tenacious—such as the blue grass, on limestone land in the Middle States. On alluvial ploughed land in New England, or on most loose soils which contain considerable organic matter, spring ploughing answers, and generally need not be broken up much before the time of planting. But remember this great fact, no soil can be made too mellow, during the growth of the crop. As to beet way to apply manure, there is a great diversity of opinion. It is im possible to give instructions applicable to all sections. A great deal depends on the land cultivated; a fertile soil will do well with surface manuring; more cold, sterile land requires some stimulant in the hills, ashes, poudrette or super phosphate, in addition to stable manure. In surface manuring, experience teaches these facts. If manure is spread on a light, sandy, or loamy soil, we should turn it in deeper than on a naturally moist or wet soil.— Manure decomposes sooner near the sur face—also acts on the growing crop soon er—but whether manure is buried three or six inches below the surface makes but little difference on naturally warm and well cultivated soil. Corn crops will find all fertilizers, at either depth, long before harvest. As to modes of planting we are firmly in favor of having the rows to run North and South; laying the land off in, two direc tions, at right angles to each other, and planting where the furrows cross each oth er. For small varieties of corn, three and a half feet apart for the hills, but for the larger varieties of corn, four feet is better. All corn must be far enough apart to run the plough and cultivator, and to give access of light and heat to the soil. The absorption of the manure and plant food are thus equalized. Besides, the cultivation of the crop is made more per fect the soil is broken, stirred and pulver ized around every side of the bill by this system of cross ploughing or cultivating at right angles. Grass and weeds are also moee perfectly eradicated than they can be by the plough or horse barrow run ning in one direction alone.—Farm a nd Fireside. A CURIOUS CASE FOR. LAWYERS.—A curious trial will be beard before the Judge de Paix in a few days. A farmer and a butcher concluded their bargain over a savory dish of eels. The butcher, during the repast, drew from his purse a bank note for £8 to pay for a sheep pur chased. Unfortunately, the note fell into the sauce. The butcher fished it up deli cately between his finger and thumb, and shook it gently to remove the sauce; but the farmer's dog, interpreting the action for a gracious invitation, snapped at and gulped down the note. The butcher was furious and stupified. "I want. my note," said be ; " I will kill and open your dog." "I prohibit, you," replied the far mer; " my dog is worth more than .£B." " Then," replied the butcher;" " I owe you nothing; your dog has received pay ment, and in presence of. witnesses, too." " 0," continued the farmer, "my dog is not my cashier; and further, if you have paid me, where is your receipt?" "If it. comes to that," cried the butcher, " we 'will bring the matter before the judge;" and to Cutsar they have both appealed. Hypocrisy Exposed. It will be recollected by our readers that a few weeks ago, and just prior to the Connecticut election, the New Eng land Conference, of the Methodist Episco pal Church passed a series of resolutions endorsing the reconstruction policy of Congress, in favor of Gen. Grant for the Presidency, and in hearty approval of the conviction and deposition of President Johnson. These resolutions were doubt less intended to have an effect on the Con necticut election. But the people of that State did not look at thepolitical situation of the country in the same light with these hypocritical parsons, and the result was altogether different from their calcula tions. To throw into the form of the Litany, a series of political resolutions denunciatory of the South was undoubtedly an act of profanity; but then it is so pleasant to Northern radicals to ride rough shod over the white population of the South, and, in that spirit of pure humanity on which they so much pride themselves, to take delight in conferring upon ignorant and credulous blacks,_ just emerged- from a state of slavery, almost unlimited control over their former masters. Their theory with regard to the negro is a very simple one. They hold, or rather they profess to hold, that he is theyeer of the white man, and that all distinetiona,of race and color, should be resolutely swept away. Of course, if this theory of universal brother hood and of social and political equality be good for anything at all, it is equally applicable at. the ,North as at the South. Indeed, as between the two sections, the North, rightly considered, presents unu sual advantages for putting the theory to a practical-test. Nearly all the Negroes in the North are native born freemen. They have been through life in close con tact with the white population, have re ceived some measure of education, and in certain of the New England states have been granted a qualified suffrage. In New England then, it' anywhere, the conditions already exist which offer to those who proclaim the doctrine of negro equality the fairest opportunity for proving their faith by their works, and this was espe cially the case with the Methodist Con ference. But wht do we see ? That --r----- tative bo dy nad just passed a resolution, rejoicing " that in carrying forward the work of national regeneration, the Con gress of the United States has been faith ful to the will of God in building up our ruined state organizations on the ouly just and enduring foundations of the equal and fraternal oneness of man." The same paper from which we quote, in speaking of this resolution and the sub sequent action of the Conference, remarks as follows : This solemn recognition of " the equal and fraternal oneness of man" seems to have inspired Bishop Ames, who presided at the Conference, with the determination to prove to the world that with the Meth odist Episcopalians of New England pre cept and practice went hand in baud. He therefore rose, and in accordance with the spirit of the resolution we have justquo ted, stated that " he intended to transfer a number of colored preachers to the N. England Conference." If a bombshell had suddenly descended into their midst, the delegates to the Conference could not have looked more aghast than at this dec laration of their Bishop. But when a res olution of approval was introduced they threw off the mask of brotherly affection for the negro and denounced the proposed innovation in the strongest possible lan guage. What ! .put a - negro preacher over a white congregation ? It was mon strous. It was impracticable. It was a most. unheard of proposition. The Meth odists of New England would never con sent to have their pulpits filled by negroes. As the discussion proceeded several of the speakers became intensely excited and de clared, with emphasis, that " not one church in all New England could be found willing to accept colored men as pastors." A few others thought differ ently. But the final result was that "the whole matter was referred to the Quar terly Conferences, who are to recognise or ignore colored preachers at their pleas ure." It was the easiest method of get ting rid of a distasteful subject. The Quarterly Conferences will do nothing, and Bishop Ames will in future take good care not to assume that the doctrine of negro equality which these political Tar tuffes are so prompt to insist upon at the South is equally applicable to the North. The Fireside. No lessons leave a more abiding im pression than those which gently drop in to the mind at the fireside. No fun is more tickling, or leaves behind it less to regret. No history is purer, as a whole, than fireside history, and none lives lon ger or more lovingly in remembrance. He who cannot look forward with yearn ing desires to fireside enjoyments, as the staple enjoyments of his life, is greatly to be blamed; for the fireside has its duties to be'done, as well as its pleasures to be realized. , They who make light of its sanctitiefi, or who rise up in rebellion against its spirit, or who wantonly dis tub its peace, or who poison its springs of confidence with suspicion, or who in troduce jealousies within that charmed IVOLUME XXV, NUMBER 19. circle, or who profane it by aught that ss. yore of selfish despotism, break the spell which environs it, and forfeit its rewards. It should be the altar to which we bring our daily sacrifices—the turtle doves and young pigeons of home life—to offer them to the genius of domestic bnity. "There is no k , lace where wet, are more bound to " mind the thingspf others" as our own, or more gracefully display affection in tri fles, or can with more profit study to please others than ourselves. Forgetfgd• ness of fireside duties indicates,. to say the least, a deficiency of disinterested love. A man cannot be truly judged by what be does before the world. All manner of selfish motives may urge him to wear in that broad theatre the dress of sanctity, or courage, or courtesy, or patience, or considerateness, " that he may be seen of men." 'But it is at his own fireside that be best shows himself, when be cast aside the garments of pretence, and puts on the slippers of natural habit. What .be is there and then he probably is in reality, for bib heart is en dishabille, and com mends itself, or otherwise, by its own proper qualities unveiled and undisguised. —There seems to be a wide difference in the tally of snows during the winter. Previous' to the six-inch fall of Easter,one newspaper announced that the one of the night preceding Good Friday- made the twenty-fifth ; another says the thirty third; another the thirty-eighth ; and a fourth says that that snow was exactly fortieth. We are on the lookout now for one which has counted up to fifty. —A gentleman was chiding his son far staying out late of nights—or rather early ofnext morning—and said : "Why when I was of your age, my father would not allow me to go out of the house after dark !" " Then you had a deuce of a fa ther—you bad," sneered the young prof ligate. Whereupon the father very rash ly vociferated : " I bad a confounded sight better one than you, you youngrao cal 1" During the first year of the war, when' change was scarce, and some large mer chants were issuing currency -of their own,. a farmer went to a store in a neightV4 . u CI Istrugii ISLTLIZO 6171.142Fi huu the merchant a five dollar bill, of which ho wanted seventy-five cents back. The merchant counted out the amount and handed it over to the farmer. Ile looked at it a moment and inquired : " What's this ?" " It's my currency," said the merchant. " Wal, my good for nothin' where I live," said the farmer. " Very well," replied the merchant, keep it until you get a dollar's worth and .bring it to my store, and I will give you a dollar bill for it." The farmer pocketed the change and de• parted. A few weeks after he went into the same store and bought goods to the amount of one doll ar, and after paying over the identical seventy-five cents he took out a handful of pumpkin seeds, coun ted twenty-five of them, and Weed them over to the merchant. " Why," says the merchant, " what's this ?" “ Val,” says the farmer, "this is my currency, and when you get a . dollar's worth, bring 'it to my place, and I will, give you a dollar for it." The fate of impeachers in history. is sig nificant. Of the fifty eight persons who signed the deatn warrant of Charles Stud art, thirty seven survived the Common wealth, and lived to see the restoration. Of the thirty seven, nine were executed, twelve imprisoned for - the remainder of their lives; eleven tied to escape punish ment, three were pardoned or released,. and the fate of two is left in doubt. The twenty one who died before the restora tion were attained by Parliament. Crom- well was exhumed and hung; and so were several others who were the chief instiga tors of the regicide. All this was done not to gratify any spirit of revenge on the part of Charles 11, but in obedience to a popular demand for justice. Of the es tates of-the fifty eight regicides, 38 were confiscated by exclusion from the• indem nity bill of Charles 11, one was restored by pardon, and the yearly income of the remaining one was confiscated. —The Gettysburg Asylum Swindle bat ended by the closing of the office in New York, and the disappet,irance of the MD*. gers. The newspapers which encouraged it, and the persons who permitted theif names to be used for its benefit without remonstrance (probably for a thereof the spoils,) should be prosecuted for aiding and abetting this stupendous fraud. —Gen. Buchanan, commander of the Fifth Military District, has issued an or. der forbidding agents of the Freedmen'. Bureau to take any active part in politica, on pain of dismission from their poste. —Thadens Stevens " lady" is a colored woman, wbo was the wife of a negro bar ber at Harrisburg from whom Thad stole her. —The Chiang!, victory 'troubles the mongrels exceedingly. Their dislike to white men's elections bas grown prow , bial. Currency. The Fite of Impeachprs.