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I:OIIGRESSIONL BMW
~ You hive not, As gond,iPtitii'ote is'hoUld dit, stall
The public good, but your particular ends •
Factious among yourselycs, preferring ittl -
Mtn l4ukut !K clad ' : 't -':
. 0 , saving ,cy . ; • ,'. -' • ••.
Bur Drams se t t:punts purucreurs........) )
Taerpuini 1"
—Timoleou to Citizens of, Syra -use.
AN: I ,4I:ODR JZ S S
~„... .,.,„
To theireapleinTAltailitlied States, and
te . oll - eularly to the .People of the
Itliedtrefirt .. ,rthe Federal
' • eiriunent.
members: of the 88th eorigr ess,polir.
kali); oppose:4lo present`Federal
niinistration and'representing the Oppo
sition Union sentiment' of tho country,
we address ourselves to the people of the
United States; and our object will be to
show (as far as may be done within the
limits of an address) that there is good
reason for changing the Administration
and Policy Of' this General . Government
through the instrumentality of suffrage in
the elections of the present year.
It is our settled 'conviction that men
now in public station, who control the
policy of the Government, cannot or will
not perform those duties which are neces
sary to save the country and perpetuate
its liberties. Many of them are engrossed.
by personal and political objects which do
n ot comport with the public welfare, and
will not subseive it; others have false or
perverted views of our system of free gov
ernment, or are inspired by passions that
continually mislead them; and the Oppo
sition in Congress are powerless to check
the majority, and are unable even to se
cr. :such investigation of the Executive
Departments and of the conduct of-Gov
ernment officials, as will prevent abuse it
secure honesty, economy, and efficiencyin
the pnblic service.
Profoundly, painfully impressed by pas=
sing events, nre turn from the. Prebidept
of the United States and from the major
ity in Congress, upon whom r.lt .
remon
strance against • nnsgeveriment Would be
wasted, to address ourselves to our fellow
countrymen at large; dhd we appeal to
them to
,integi9s . l3.. in pntilleaffairti j and by
a proper li:zeruon of their sovereign elec
toral power, to iiiiree that these United
states shall befjiiiitlftoveined,re-united,
tranquilized and saved! , .
ENGROSSIM&NP OP romnt
What we propose to notice in the first
pi..........endinclartr-teLOrtr wrnolostire
is, •
vf public affairs, the consolidation of all
power in the Government of the United
States into the hands of a' ingle political
i n terest. The party of the Administration
ass not been subjected to any efficient
check upon its action from an opposing
interest or party, since its attainment of
power in 1861. Carrying all the Northern,
Western, and Pacific States, with a single
exception, at the Presidential election in
1860, and being relieved of all southern
opposition in ogress by the withdrawal -
of the States of that section, it was able
to do its will and pleasure without check
or hindrance in the Government. of-the U.
States. All public patronage was Subsid
ized to its uses: all Government outlays
(and they were enormous in amount) were
disbursed by its officials; all public power .
was wielded by its arm; and this condi
tion of things has continued to the pres
ent time. It has revelled in power, and
of inevitable necessity, from its very na
ture and from the opportunities presented
it, it lia4abused its powers; it has forgot
ten or des - pised and trampled under foot
the duties imposed upon it by the people,
and the' objects announced by it in the
outset have been supplanted by others,
which now inspire its action and occupy
its hopes. • ,
No truth is more certain, none better
established by history, than this, that pelf,
litical power is aggressive; that it will
always seek to enlarge itself and increase
its domination, and that no free govern
ment is possible where by the very cons--
titntion of the Government itself, power,
is not made a check to poiver. Freedom
is secured by the action and reaction n . pori.
each other of political forces, so organized
and so limited that no one can absolutely
dominate over or control the rest. And
hence, the necessity of constitutions that
shall so divide and airange the powers of
government, that no single interest, class,
or individual, shall become supreme and
engross the whole massof Political poiver.
Now the capital mischief for rather source
of mischief and evil) in the Government of
the United States during the past three
yeazarand-at this moment, is, theta single
political inteiest-or party, of evil constitu
tion, has obtained and exercised the whole
mass of government powers, free from all
.check or limitation whatsoever- The fatal
results are obvious.. It has been, fa/se to
its promises made as-the , condition upon
Nyluch li`. attained power; it has broken
the Constitution shamefully and often; , it
has wasted-the public treasure; it has
suspended:the ancient writ of liberty, the
"habeas emits' r," - rendering it impossible
for the citizen to obtain redress against the
roar% outrage; Ulu changed die4iir
into ti humanitarian crusade outside of any
constitntional or lawftd Objectrie hasi,,
groselY mismanaged the-war in • the coed.
uct at Military. operations; it . -haa de ilf
ded thevurrencr of the co try. I by - 04 ,
ftasklittiniirOf to* money ' alidAuon 4 %.
L
ted pruqn."ptoperty bYs legal .ender en
actment 4
y dttof.retninitepoweOlat it
ma m-pin ` ~der itiid be siibjected to
ol
nsockg:l:4 tOtrainV ft:447 016110 4:11.3
toOpttiken ,igi'ootxotitsooo
eCtionsh`yibreit 'military force or by a
fl•audulquposel . ection ofltotcrstrisax-the ar
liiseglabstome:ollhoUltati keady
achieved, and." tied pot yet." .No_
,impartiel,eserier ffft,P2l44llllAue,tlylfu
vire withont apfsr:AsibUi bWotatilt gr ter
evils, or can doubt that some real division ,
u_fc:P.ooo.ppver orJta, lodgment . in ,nuar,
band's ncessary not merely to au°-
, tess but to 'the very existence ef.freegov-,
cinuient itothe trotted:Slides: -
The evil'of uncontrolled party &mina
tion...,in,go\rernment--will be greawnr - less
areoedingiti the character' and Obj'ecte of''
thefarty in power. The Democratic par
ty-which ordinarily has administered the
Government of . he United States, ,eNen in
thAritniost,' plenitude of its porrer, did nos
faViiito gross abuse or threaten the liber
ties of the country. Although it required
to be checked upon occasion, and that its
policy and ,conduct should: be subjected
to rigid scrutiny by an active opposition,
there was great security against its abuse
of its powers in the principles and doc
trines to which it held; for its creed was
established for it by men of the most ster
ling ;virtue and profound wisdom, who
justly comprehended the nature of free
governments and the. dangers to which
they are exposed:' .Strict construction of
the Constitntion, a sparing use of the
powers aleovernment, moderate expen
ditures and equal laws, became the artic
lea or a political creed which preserved the
Government from abuse and degeneracy,
kept, the States in harmony, and secured
tho ; growth and development of a material
prosperity•unexampled in the history of
nations. Its great merit was that it was
a constitutional party, (in the true sense
of that term,) subjecting itself cheerfully,
thoroughls, and.constaotty, to all the rides
and limitatilids of theitfundamental law.
Its principles then4selves, checked it and
' kept it, within bainds: • As its contests
for power were upon the • very , ground
I that. • there' should' be no over-action of
government but only a due exertion of its
author - tied powers, there was less necessi
ty to eblifiontlit with ‘a powerful opposi
tion. TeENtich Opposition always existed
and was no doubtnecessau to ..the safe
and successfut l action of the Government
tinder its mans t. _ _ _
ran {•sltrY Jo, In t A:pins-ism-cm:T.
But with the party now in power the
case is widely different. Its main strength
lies in States which voted against. Mr.
Jefferson in 180, against Mr. Madison in
1812, against Andrew Jackson in 1828,
and against Mr. Polk in 1844; and it em
braces that school of opinion in this coun
try which has always held to extreme ac
tion.by the General Government, favorit
ism to particular interests, usurpation. of
'State powers, large...public expenditures,
mid, generally, to constructions of the
Constitution which faro? Federal Stahl!
ity and extend its pretensions. Resides,
it is essentially sectional and aggressive,'
—the very etubodyment of that disunion
partyiem foreSeeri and denounced by
Washington and Jackson in those Fare
well Addresses which they left on record
for the instruction of their countrymen,
and by Hetity Clay in a memorable ad
dress to t it's Legislature of : Kentucky.
That it &led not safety be intrusted with
the pow,erssf the Federal Government is
a conclusion which inevitably results from
this statement 'of its composition and
character. 'But the question is no longer
one of tnere opinion or conjectere. Hav
ing beenlifed by the actual possession of
-the Government powers and - been`Peimit;
ted to exhibit,tiilly its true nature, it has
• completely justified the theory which con
dennis it; as will plainly appear from con
sidering particular measures of policy
pursued by it. From among these we
shall select several for particular examina
tion, in order that our general statement
of Republican unfitness for the possession
of the Government powers may be illus
trated, established, and made good ag'fist
any possible contradiction.
MILITARY INTERIM:MN= WITH ELECTIONS.
This has taken place in two ways:
First. By the selection of soldiers of the
army to he sent home temporarily to par
ticipate id State elections.
This practice, in connection with send
in.. home on such occasions large numbers
off b Government employees in the civil ser
vice, has clanged the resultof many State
elections and given to the party in power
an unjust 'advantage. With the large
powers possessed by the Administration'
for the pp,uposes of the war ; and with the
large increase of appointments to civil of-
I lice and the employment of vast numbers
of persons in all parts of the country in
;the business of Government, the Admin.
'istration and its party have been enabled
to influetiee'elections to an 'alarming ex
tent. 'The pewers conferred by the whole
pe4le upon the Government, and the re
venimi derived by taxation from the whole
people or-derived from loans which bee
ome charged iipon'lhe -whole mass of indi
vidual property, have been used in various
ways for party purposes 'and to secure
to the'ROptd4litan lathiest, in the Federal
, stud; Stile Goveratneatsi the continued
1... , 1111 , 1.•'.11',
; (i r ", '4 ? .r - • '•'' •
„.1001:, FaiVt. 1- 1 1 44)4 1, 4;
ALLINd. •,Lai.o - a•
frio:fslort
posseesiqn JheAjlistjce and
corruptife , efibis`systenr cannot
'de.iii4,ll, n and alnii&shouldttaeld
!olent to condemn the party of,th? . , Adurin. r . i
istration: . It lii:notorloti thin
time; or the- eve of donbtflid ;eilltb#o6 l / 4 !
thousands of voters have. bieti senthomizi
from thay, to tutit'ibb,scalc . WO**
Piriii tii
s and - secnye Adininistratiom
trioniph?'"Aitd 'this has been done, mot
upon the principle of sending home
zen soldiers indiscriminatphy..ar4 mithout
reference tiitheir poliiicld'opinitms and
attachtnenta,c(which f . vioulli' 110 e tlietA
just,) hiit'upon tbepruicipte' of i;elidtifig
republican soldiers, or of granting fur
-1 loughs upon the condit that f a-prcitnise
from theersons favored they would
support Administration candidata. We
melOticlPi ; ,-electielsc-A4 - ;_qfeP ./41 1 114tires
ennitent4citi, - . and Pe nnsylvania; m in-.
stances of such most base and unjust pro.
ceeding, by which unscrupulous pOwer
has defeated the true expression of popu
lar opinion, and obtained political advan
tages which were - : fibatneftit , to it and
deeply injurious to the country. Will a
free people consent to have their system
of elections thus perverted and corrupt
ed, and expect to enjoy, in spite thereof,
the peaceable fruits of good government
and honest rule?
• Second. A still more grave offense
against the purity .and independence of
elections has been committed by the Ad
ministration in the States of Missouri,
Kentucky, Maryland and DelawaFe. The
particular circumstances of Governnien*
interference were somewhat different in
each of these States, but the substantial
facts in all, were these:
I. That the military power of the Gen
eral Government was directly applied to
control the elections, - and that Officers and
soldiers of the army of the United States
were openly used for the purpoSe:'
2. That the States in question were at
the time in a state of profound peace and
quiet, and that with the exception as ,
Single congressional district In Kentucky,
no Rebel raid or invasion into them was
then in progress or expected.
3. That in each of them existed an ad
hering State government, exercising com
plete and unquestioned jurisdiction under-
Governors and other State officials "whose
devotion and fidelity to the Government
of the United States were unquestiona
ble.
4. That 'titl4-e was no official call upon
the Federal Government by the Execu
tive or zegulature lyr - any 0110 - or - those
States for protection agtdnst datestic
violence, (under the particular provison of
the Constitution of the Uniteil States,
authorizing such call,) but that the inter
ference, in most cases, was •33,intli the de
sire, and notably .n the_case of Maryland
against the protest ofthe Sittig author
ities.
5. That thousands ofqualified persons
were prevented from voting at those elec
tions, and in most of those States the re
sult of the election was changed
from what it would • have been
without military interference. The aged
and timid were deterred from attending
the elections ; many who attended were
kept from approaching the polls; and, in
many cases, actual outrage prevented the
legal voter from exercising his right. The
full proof of all this appears in a number
of contested election cases in Congress, in
official papers from the Governors of
several ot the States in question, in reports
of committees of the State Legislatures,
and from other reliable sources ; and we
recommend the whole subject., as one of
fearful importance, to the examination and
judgment of our countryman.
citnAyityo . or_ BOGUS BTA7l:lp3p
The steps .skewtowat, eitattlfshing a
system of false and unjust representation
in the Government of the United States,
should also be carefully considered.
In the first place, let no consider *hat
bas taken place in regard to the State of
Virginia. In 1860, Virginia had a
population, (including' slaves,) of 1,596,-
318 ; Pennsylvania a population of 2,906,-
215 ; New York apepulation
735:. 3Vbile the twCoStateilasa namedad
heredfaitblittly to the Government of the
United States, and - have since borne'on its
behalf, their proper share of the burdens
of the war, ',Virginia revolted, and two
thir,ls of ber populatibt was th - ro - arn into
the scale of the enemy. What result
followed as to the representation"of that
State in-the Cougress'of tbo; Uniraq !The
bomparativelyparti . of: the ":,,State
which'sdhered theFirtiod was rekwiz
od as constituting, for political purposes,
the State of Virginia; an iraprovised-Leg 7
,islaturaof this adhering fragment of the
State, elected two Senators; who *bread
initted into the Senate of the United States ,
and Represtentatives from thevarna,tern
tory • were admitted into the . , Pederal
House of Representatives . The liberal
principlee of construction . , upon Which this
wai'done, may stand justified by the pecti
liar-cirotitustaneeirof the case- But there
was a further proceeding for which no
Warrant of power-or prete . nce,orpeoessity
can be shown . A part of tlid — adhering
:Visginiaterriteryf was. permitcgio. r o rOi
itself into is new State . , , was admitted:into
theUnionander ' .the, bathe bf.'West
Enid, (although' tbe'Conotgatiun:pr . the'
tined" Stateedeolares that 'be! SUM! ihaU
COMM for 'tholbniiitiOn. of ono
without. thp express sows tif tegis
laturectitereirtWaitan Senators therdrord
were admilfteitinte 41i3 United State Stin-
ate..: sitallpart-ofl.the old fitatei
fiat iacitnlea.withio the btinhilaries , ' thO
nirarone, , remainedt' , .within itotfr vAittuni
lines t:to Due, a'e *Was the' litowr . Stittkere-7
!represents by tvrtriinitrafisirs thi•Seti.;
iThwiti= tinder ,Repottliciiit inanipid&
'tiort;reitieCitliwitif; ithe , miriade' State o 4
Vireiniathiw.fotit'siotßa in'the 'Stone of
the Vtiited States, and may centralize the
votes of bothliew YorhandiPentsylvania:
icithat kiddy. The 44 AticietittDoraintliNr
'
with a population d little exceeding . one
half thatfof -Pennsylvania, , is represented
by font Senatois idthe •Congresw of the'
United Stater; ;and . by two itr thereonfed
mute Congress at Richmond ! Pent,ylJ,
vania, with her three rnillionsof peoplei re-
Mains true to the Union, and retains her
former vote in the Senate ; Virginia turns
traitor, sends two:thirds of her population
tinder the Confederate flag, aod." forth;
with has her representation doubled iii the
Senate °file United States, and that, too,
in defiance of a- nrmstituticinal provision
forbidding add avoided -onty upon a
strained construiitionfor implication totally
at -variande with the plain fact. Against
the plain troth of the case, and without
necessity, it was assumed that the legis
lature of a fragment of the State represent- .
cd the whole for the purpose of assenting
to its division and the erection therefrotn
of a new member of the Federal Union.
We pass from this case to speak of
matters more recent. A State government
has been set up in Louisiana, under the
supervision ofa majorrnerdof the Unit
ed States, Army, which, although it holds
the allegiance of but part of the popula
tion, we suppose is - to have the former re
presentation oftbat'State in Congress.;
and in Tennesseeand Arkansas there have
been . proceedings.of a similar description.
The indications are clear and full, that in
these cases and hi others of simlifir char
acter which may follow them, the Prestd ,
ent of the United . States, throne . ' his
officers of the army in command in • the
States to be represented, dictates and will
4it.tate and control the whole proceeding
or renewed representation, and upon prin
ciples moat unequal, unjust and obieds.
A recent attempt,to set up one of these
bogas States, in Florida,, tinder a presid
ennal agent, must befresh in the recollec
tion of the country, as must also be the
military disaster by whichlhat attempt
Irv.. a , rolovaV Mar iStrOrtAl V . V. - - •
Bat why refer to particular cases ?
Why reason upon events that have hap
pened, or upon probabilities which pre.
sent themselves before us P The Presid
ent of the United States has, himself, in
his message at the opening of the present
session of Congress, and in his proclama
tion appended thereto, announced his pro
gramme for the reconstruction and con
sequent representation of the States which
may be rescued in whole or in part from
the Confederates during the existing war.
The Proclamation extends a pardon to
all persons in the rebellions States, (except
certain .Confederate officers, dco.,) upon
condition that they 'diall take, subscribe,
and keep a prescribed oath, one provision
of which is, that they will abide by and
faithfully support all proclamations of the
President made during the existing rebell
ion having reference to slaves, Belong and
so far as not, modified or declared void. by.
decision of the Supreme Court. And it
further proclaims, that whenever in any
one of the Coafelierate States, " annmber
of persons.not less than one tenth in num
ber of the votes east in such State at the
Presidential election of 1860, having tak
en and kept the aforesaid oath, tlac.,l
shall re-establish a State Government
which shall be republican f and is nowise
contravening 844. oath, such State shall
be recognized as the true government of
the State."
The presidential paper mast be regard-'
ed as the most remarkable one ever issu
ed-by an American- Executive. The one .
tenth part of a population are to Aefoitte
the poweva of the whole, via; if Cliingr6ss
conetir; are to be represented in 'the Gov
lernment of the United States ' and in our
';electoral ''colleges for the choice of Presid
ent, as if they 'were the whole l • And this
One ilelithis to be made up of men who
will solemnly swear that they will obey
andireep all the President's proclamations
upon a particular Subject, issued during
the present war;
s norpt•oelainations which
he may have issued already, hut future
tined also. A more abject oath was never
framed in the bistory of the whole earth.
Was ,a religions,Obligation ever before re-1
quired'ofeitlaen or subject, in any age or,
country, to. obeY , gi'd)cpep the fatale and,
unto:tom'
,of. the E,xectitive
And usurped authority can accomplish.,
its object, a handful _ of, men in a State,
de
graded,l4 such an , oath,. nre to
,wield
.presentative votes in the Government of
the; United States, anti r enter,electoral
ccilleges .tn extend the power o the mast
er to whom theirlbalty; /A Off Orr!. • 1
The lwbess and itsullTc'ti* ,eberfteter
of the Administration must most evidently,
appear from the foregoing review of its
policy' , and condriot - ; regarding popular
eleotions , and the organization ofStritest •
But its incapacity (if not profligacy) will
as clearly appear froM ,, a ekamination of
nuiatibres fn the preseention of the war,
and plains of those tneesurie
direct attention,
r 1 • • -
;) MP
r ! Cit)- 1121)tEr 4
)w! rrrld; , •11 1 ' 1
-Jut R7Llloit
vir nu:6*W Ci
, 117;•Piprtl,' T 1341, a Ilitantli6aledo t lso
tilitles; i "the: arttlyunr , the!' Uhitedltatea
WM 'small , abil soisity . adeiffiatif
the. exigency 81'-welt wiffelP lit}d,(ariseb.—a
The rresiddift , tioventifi;i4i
thousand froopli Slates to serv e
for a period of three months, and'
quently in the
latter pull of 7882; dialiOsterelbiraered'ltt
seviera: State -ituthimitieS l , l liiiiptiant' to
&atoll:1*h and horati -I, g4tiortdr reglitatioria
of the - TWMP - bepittinetle ; frikitied! for the
Thus , cue - catit4 e,t068 as to the
raising of tro o ps thdidtimmeribeinent of
1868, and We: troojia in!lierricent that date
consisted - - of- (that'. Regular Avery dflfie
United States as it stood tit °the ititithfeak
of hostilities, With allbsiquentit:tilistindits
added, and of voruntegrar, litfdr4drafted
militia•drth e, States, 'kit iiniitieandlailleer
ed as companies and tegintignialay State
authority:: Toimiteering had offs time i
been cheeked•bythe iAdildnifitratider;
on a statement: hr it? thilt all the tretips
needed • were already in.,-liervich: &ion;
however ; the demaild for den' was lrendW=
-
ed, and at the;t ie ginning tic 1803 the nail,-
her called for and' raisedhad .Dome
enormous; ' But for the after purposes of
the Administration is 'ivas'erfectly feasi
ble for it to :ail hdditiontiftrtkliii
the manner thertitofoi!e torarticed; Whioli
involved - State iishisttiniie litabe2crperatien
and secured to the troche raised their
gnlar organization aslkatif- -- iiillitiiVunder
the laws of their , : tetipective Stdtesi The
army bore, trillinly; -- thwellarieter of
force contribqed-liyithO'Stafthi Under
the fifteenth add Sixteenth chiliads oFthe
eighth section of: thii frit article &the,
Constitution', Whielratithoriie ' Congress
" To provide for calling fortif'llie' niiAtis
to execute the lawit of the , Uniotf; asp
press instirrehtions, hnd roper invinstoifs,
and to . - providefor Organizing,
and disciplining the Militia, and-for gOv...
erring snob • part of - them as. may be int
played in the service of the VnitW Stiiteti;
reserving to the Sates respbbliyelY the
appOintment of the offiners,'We - : : '
Thepower-of the Federal' ptiVernntent
to call for troops,' and the "ifower of the
States to supply them, organizing them
'into companies:and regiments and appoint
ing• their officers, were tinquestionable,..aa
was also the power of the States to select
those troops wliiiih-they were tb , '
bate, by draft-or •
di( ; int
Etat early in 4 sae 'a new nysterri for the
raising of troops was established by act
of Congress. This was a system of con
scription, (the word and idea being bor
rowed from the
_French,) and was with-.
out example in
_the history of the United
States. Passing by the State'authorities
and by the clauses'of the ~Constitntion
above meat/0;304, it put the Genet* Gov
ernment in direct communication with the
whole arms-bearing population of the
country, and assumed for the General /
Government exclusive and absolute con
trol over the whole proceeding of raising
troops. The validity of this enactment
has been questioned, and it is one of the
debatable points which belong , to the
history of the war. Por c h has been argte
ed with much of force and reason that the
power, of Conaress to raise armies al
though a general power, is not unlimited,
and that laws of conscription by it are
not" necessary and proper" when. the
forces required can be raised witlarper
feet certainty and convenience from the
militia of the Statea under the provisions
of the Constitntion above cited. But, 1
passing this point, the inquiry arises, , why
was the former system involving State co
operation abandoned, and a new and ques
tionable one substituted ? No clear andl
adequate reason,for the measure appears . 1
in the debates of the Congress which pass
ed it, unless the suggestion niade by one
of its leading supporters in the liouse,of
Representauves thatit was in hostipty•to
" the accursed doctrine of State rights"
fbe accepted• as , such reason:. .We must,
therefore, conclude that it wat the policy 1
of the authors, of • the law to .-.depriVe the
States of the appointment of the officers
of the troops raised,. and tosfibsorb 'that
powerinto the hands of the.)ederal Ad
minstration ; that the act was the measure
of a party to increase its influence and
power, and to prevent the possibility of
any participation therein by the'Govern-'
ments of the States. ' ,
We'. believe it tq be , ' certain that thin
measure has entailed great expense ' trpoli 1
the Treasury of the nited Staters ; that it
has created unnecessarily a large
s tiumber
of Federal officers, distributed throughout
.
the country ; amA,,Tar, 1T' 4 %,,, c . , as been
no more efficientln, lgeaysiern which
required, State 'hattlietlation,:ii,hati, been
much less,satislakitin7. ' ' ' , 1 ,
If ateciesgitY for ,raising troops : by cOa
q.priptiOnife asserted, theta it'wOutd (ono*,
that the ,r i evolutionaff ppliv9l.thct`m
tiliniptratiati has' alarmed Old dlegil . atel
1
the TiVeple,' Ind' 'chilhie thiit," enthusias
whIOI(In Old' ea liar Ova or au, icp n toi k ,
filled Oar' Te 46 4" arO
~
y.i - V al, * / #P 44
',
willing voinnia*.'
,u , i „ _ . ,
• Borramead J • f
What to be mantinnadin thin
connectionis , tbe•payineet of :benntids lat
be United Stawbrkba Siaia gsaYartki
rents, and by !Atiev - ignnotiajo i rd A e lti
innbilitailtiar In theiillatdent ,:th
Bra been gritat walk o'f'nintorniitir in
,tie 73.•'.'r,C , Villlo l 3 £l3P.gl'
1 .1 jr ) 11 106 ))) "
. 4 1. 'I, ' , l • g L' ,•1P: )
syltern: The
,Volley of fx6qerit r gcry :
eeti sithi . . kit'a •
tittitliqtad id& Okreatttrg
infinite tbiffitvhc le
system of bowies huelieenquitilf %Oxley
guAJ. the amount .of inaetitOnetift erentea
by it is:enerinoils;'and tuie4niil intim hive
beeVpala soldiers of tiWsitiiiiirediliitot
• Und evany 'filfatem'Offikterit betel
tided() cay.Oidi .conscription, the ~w eidttri • '
parts,PfAlieic94l4M aavaPtlige
over,. the , etherp, exq eirchilty , wb et e
inantfaCtiirieg anctilitter'interests find it
tiAlaiY s f;rhrt the , stpplitie
of theit-trito'retaintbelr laboreril'et home,
substituting payments ; crf , I money , in.:there
'44.440 1 4 1 A 92fliPt4teshallp lxp!4t/TP INr
e
.quireikto farcttesu . rtit
inialttmilts own Citizen t db.
gelieillloatiiinfetit In& fleitattlid
agents; of leach interests 'if a State'to'gd
mth ,otheriStates•and into the southern
country and ' itibtain enlistment '
s. for boun
ties' both. cifavbite and blacktzoopti, team.
credited on.the itinta of the of the
agent. Irk dalt 'happen. hereafter that
the paymentiOical. hTinties,-whether by
States nr b,y_municipalitiir within them,
be assumed by the gVempri?,4 l fhlign.''.
iteit st,tP.th•lPP ing,(lPC4% the system
mid its' ettravagance in ratiay gases *ill.
I DE!eogie 4 matter of c,p,ticerti tei, the . F 1414
peepr4. And it is jnitmatter of e:9ppl . R4.
against those w.ho have held atitliontl,
the" rederal geverntaeat,„ that by their
policy and want of, policy pn this subject
the buraee of the war has beenlastly in.
end, been ,triatriblited i rregglarly
and dlifairly " .
T he ecPiarY outlay and indebtedness
caused by payment of, bountie& be
ing mostly incurred,by i powerful and influ
ential communities, it is luite• Togssible
that they mar,be recognizedhereafter by
Congress as a legitimate object nation , .
al assumplioN and 11.-this bappen,.thoae
communities that.-hpe retained their la,
borers at. home, ;and thereby secured-their
' prosperity during the war, will'casta part
• of,the btirdep of their exemption. upOil
other sections. • • •
OirvicaisAy *hit has been wanting has
been wisdom and foresight in these who
hare:controlled the public - measures of the
war, and who have reoong to one exile
` ditint.tifterlanother tiithotit'efixed policy
—who have acted where they, ought not,
and baVe failed to act) where action and
regulation were demanded.
24E9R0 TROOP
But.a subject :which requires particular
notice is, the employment of negro troops
in.Xlie war.. . An act of Congiess passed
the 17th day of July, 1862, authorized the
,President ", to receive into the service' Of
the United States for the purpose of-con.
'strueting entrenchments, or performing
'camp service, or any other labor, or any
military ,on naval service for which they
might be found competent, persons of
African descent; and such persons should
be enrolled and organized under such reg
ulations, not inconsistent with the Consti
tution and laws, as the President might
prescribe;" and further, that they "should
receive ten dollars per month and one ra
tion, three dollars Of whibh monthly pay
might be in clothing."
Without any other law on the subject
prior to the present session of Congress,
(except an , imperfect provision in. an act
of 18620 the President in his meilsage of
December 13,• 1889, announced that "of
those who were slaves at the beginning'
of the rebellion, fully one hundred thoud
and are now in the military service of the
United States, ab'out one half of which
number actually bear arms in the ranks."
At the present session, on the 24th pf
February, an act amendatory to the con
scription•law of 1863 was approved, the
twenty-fourth section of whieh ptovides
for the enrollment of colored persons be
tween twenty and forty-five years of age;
that slaves , !ofrJoZgal . Austere enrolled,
drawn and mnstered irt44he pablic ser
vice, shall bcP-fede,Jfind ii n k„:l;:cdred
lz.rs for eactraball be paid to tbe mime .
I - and that in , the slave States represented
in Congress; the loyal master of a slave_
• who volunteers into the public "servieE,-
shall be•paid a sum .not exceeding three
hundred dollars, but of. the military corn
mutation fund.
the lintkY apprpriation bill, approv--
,ed tino 15,1064; it ivzis farther provided
o'thit alliorfsons orcolor who have been
or - nisi be , mustered into the
the tlnited Statesshall recerve,the
.same,uniforrn,, clotbingArins i etEiPmente,
cainp equipage, rations, me and hos-,
pital attOdapce, pay and emoluments,
other than bounties, as other' soldiers of
the' regtilar i . or volunteer term of the Un
itea Stct9e of likefarm , service, .f . iont,
enoraftet;,thii first day of jinuary,, 1864 ;
tindAhitf, CV#Y, Pr,lictrrofi 49T who a all
, beteraeibe ;Testered., tnto Abe; ger ce,
1,4 'red4i , "43 such st i ttnagi.bounpy ;was
Piwitiel4#4l l lo:r ugiediffereatiSt*eo
triOAr:te, the , , eitecte4ates, net ex
e4PoS.efttli* O*P 14ehr
Tbla 4100.trttot ia similar in terms tea, ,
paSsell the ..Seoste,.in March
tas4 opian„ he Feousideration4 which
_*tucanuoupedo. .but at, least, two hood.,
Yett , , toitScod4*ored. , troops wnflld be r.
,taiumps. 1,0 ;this tituabbr the nn , ,
rresidAßS,l lo 4:miztha
=lice ittrDeoesiber last,twotad mate ones
t•• 41. : ( gee fourth pitgii.t's . ; "