A. J. GERRITSON, . PUBLISHER.
CRIOVEII &.E'B
.CELEBtt iTED
New StylerPrlces Irons 030 6196.
tub/ CHUGS or $5 FOR lIEIIIIZRL
_495 Ilrowlitniy • - Now Verk.
F. B. CHANDLER, AGENT, MONTROSE.
'Phase tuichines sew from two spools, as pur;
' , chased from the store, requiring no rewinding of
thread: they Hem, Fell, pother, and Stitch in
a superior style, finishing each seam by their own
operation, without recourse tQ the hstrianeedle, as
is required by ether mschines. They will do bet
ter and chealuiir sewing than a seamstress can,
even if she works for one cent an hour, and are.
anquestiOnably,the best Machines, in the market
for'family seiiing, on aecOnnt of thei r
duranility, ease ..cf roatingilinenn, anitadaptaltion
to all- varieties of family sewing—executing
either heavy or flue sunk with equal facility: and
without special adjustment.
As eviience of the unquestioned superiority
.of their Machines, the GRoVEK & BASER Sew.
tan MACHINE COMF4-CY 'beg Leave to respectfully
refer to the following
TESTIXONIAI I S t
flaying had one of Grover & Baker's Ma
chines in my fiimily for hearty a year and a half,
take pleasure 'in,eorrunending it as every way
tellable fur the purposa for which it is kies.iosed
,Sewing. —Sch....Joshua Lcatritt. wife
of Rev. Ur. Leavitt, Elitus of N. Y. icid,..pon.
dent.'
"I confess myself delig ted w 4 votrr Sewing
31achine, which has been_ in my farnjly for wany
.months. It ;via always been ready" for 'duty,
requiring no adjustment, and L sally Adapted
to every cariTty•. of family sewing, by simply.
;changing the +oda of thrtlad."..,Mrs• Elizabeth
Strickland, wife of Rev. Dr. ialtri.eltdisw.d...Ediwr
or N. Y. Christian Ad voes,te.
.ftfter_trling several good machines. I inafer
ynura; on account of itiaatcaplielig. and the per-
trot ease with which it—is managed, as well as.
the strength arid durability of She seam. After
Icing experience. f 'feel competent to
manner, and to confidently riccomntexd it for
every variety of family sewing"-Mfrs. E. B.
,Spoviner, wife of the Editor of geuoklyn Star.
"1 have used Grorer & ge - wiwt M g..
shine for tp„peart„ and trive found it ad [gad
to all kinds of fatuity sewittz, (row rambrie to
Broadcloth. Garments have teen worn teat
out the giving Cray 41.1 a stint.. The illcebine is
.easily kept in order. and eaLatly Mrs. t.
R. Whipple, wile of Rev, , fle.u, 'New
York..
Y,,ue Sewing. heroic' 1: At. uc my
Umily the p a st t.O care. math, !wales rei•uest
me to rive you their tesnai,toniata to its perfect
adapteciness, as wed; latioraawingitiiiiiies in
the performance-Jif sad honsekok! sow-
Botcmita, Vo:k.
• ,
••t or several months we have usediGroTer-4.
Baker's Sewing .:Ichine, acd have ciina,ito the
,conclusion that every lady who desires bey sew.
ing beautifully and quickly done, would be m mt
fortunate in 'possesoing a.f,d, of theii.% tidiablr and
indefatigable • in.o
bitted qua9ties of lea oty: cringth an 4
imaluabl—J. I,y. &torsi", daqhter of
Gan. Geo. 1... , .11.0rri.5, Editor of the ljume Jour.
fEstact of a. fray Thos. e. Leavitt.
Esq., an Amerimin gentleman, now ru.sident in
Sydney, New Sontly - Wales, daLed-Jancary 12th.
18581'
'I had a tent' made in 1144oiirn, is 1253,1 n
Which there .were caret thrJOzhve?•and" Sates of
sewing done with One of Grover & Bakei ea.lJa.
chines, and, a ,siu,g/elseam of that has outstood
all the double seams sewed by, sailors with a
needle and twine."
'4•lf Homer could tostal:.4 11 . ( corn his mufti
insdes, he would hipg the Advent of Grover &
Baker as a more ,benignant miracle of art.than ;
was evpr Vulcan'snmithy. He would denounce ,
midnight skimmaking as ' the direful spring of
woes unnumbered.""—Prof. tiorth. •
"I take pleasure in saying, teat the G r over 6z.-
raker Sewinvllauhintat siave more than sus ;
tined my, expectation. After trying and return
ing others, nave three of them m operation in
my different places, and, after four years' trial,
have no fault tolnd.'"'-.1. IL Ha mccond, Senator
of South Carolina.
y vcifd hashed one of Grocer &Bake/aFam
ilySewing Machines.for some time,and tam antis
-50 it is one of the hest labor-raving machines
tot has been invented. i tiate tough Measure
o tedommencling it to the public.",—J, Li, klar
ris,Govenspt of Tent:tease. •
"It is a beautiful .thing, and puts . evarybe4
into-an excitement-of aced .htmor. Wrre I e
Catholic, I ehttuld ineltit spay Saints Grover and
Baker having an eternal holiday in commemora
tion of their goodrleeds,forbumanity."--Caasica
DS. Clay. .
"I think it by far theloest patent in use. This
Machine can be adapted from the &zest cambric
to the heaviest cassimere. It sews stronger,
faster, and more'beautifully Akan .soy one can
imagine. If mine could-not be ,replaced, money
could not buy it."—Mrs..l. H. Nashville;
-Tenn.
"ft isnpeedy, very neat, and dnratle ,, in
,work; is easily understood and kelst in repair.
il.earneatly reeommend this Idaohine to all, my
-.acquaintances - and others:"—Mrs. M. 4-Forrest,
Memphis, Tenn.
"We find this . Maibine to work 10 .our
Batia
'Action, and with pleasure recommeesi it-to the
pnbli:, as,we believe the-Grover. Baker Litt be
the best Sesting.Maatine in use."—Deary Broth.
Ors. altisonia. Tenn.
. -
"If used exclusively for family purposes, with
;':ordinary 'sate, I will wager they will last one
`'three score years and ten, and never get out
.of fix."—Jutut Erskine, Nashville. Tenn.
"1 hive had your Idaehin - e for several wee,ks,
and tun perfectly satisfied that the work it floes
is the belt and mo-t beautiful that ever was ,
made."--Maggie Aimison,-Nashvi lie,Tene
"I use my Maehiur.. upon coats.slrestunsking.
and fine linen stitching. and the work is area.
eable—tlar better - than the best hand-sesetiog, or•
any. ether machine I have ever seen."—eLstcy B.
Thompson, Nashville. Tenn.-
I find the work fhe strongest and most beau: ,
sift's! I h ,ye ever seen, made either by hand or
machine, and vegan] the Grover & Baker Ma
chine va-one of the - kiratest blessings to our
• it."—Mrs. Taylor. Nashville, Tenn.
ErSEND FQjt A CIMe,PLAII.JES
febi9;.s7*toe.l;
.41*--*ILIMIINX*IIII TO:
„Agricultural
MMI!!!MMEMI
Operations for April.
Apnl- is no leisure mouth Mr: the farmer.
The plows and harrows ace at work, -to-Amore
is wanted in the Oeld,feneas ire not . }mot cattle
proof. Early amps repJi•e putting . in, and_
the farm stuck need much care at this their
sem,on.uf Derange.
If out s psorupo7 and clowly pursued. now,
the wed; of the *bole &anon will .be delay-
eid, and there will tea_ the unpleasant necessity
of being dilven by work, rather !than the
pleasure of driving L. .
It 6 important too.tbat work be well done.
It a piece of land is half plowed,no after labor
can fully Wile for it, although even in hoed
crops, while nothing can be done for tile
grain. Undertake to cultivate no more than
ow - sell be put in And thoroughly tilled. If
the (mini contains more land than can be
properly - moaned, turn out it portion to pat,
ture,and till the rest.
Cattle—Do not turn off too early. In this
latitude they will require feeding nearly
through this monil if riot longer. Keep
from tramping up mowing grounds. Cows
about calving need especial care and close
watching. Oxen are now performing heavy
work ; feed them accordingly.
Cellars—lf not previously attended to
cleanse from filch, and accumulation" of
outs, garbage, etc„ and whitewash the wand
and ovrbead, ventilating freely.
Clover—lf not sown with Winter grain last
-month, attend to
Corn—Manure mg' plow grounds for
planting next month. Provide and teat aeud
previous to use
Door 'aids—Clesp up the Winter accunia
lations of chips and dirt; adding, .the !atter
to the manure heap.
Fences—Make new and repair the old.
Clear atones from meadows and put them in
to permanent line or road fences. Plant
hedges, as frost mad dryness will admit. Do
not forget to replace these unhandy bat's with
convenient gates—they CEO be made under
cover during wet weather.
norses—Attend to mares with foal, giving
them ample.space at night. Halve Winking
teams of purses aud•mules iu gaud condition
for beivy labor.
•
Ilantires —C!rt Alit and drop in heaps Or
spread on ritudr av favL as it Win - be...turned
under. neaps previously oar.s.ti to the fields
me beiforked over or turned. breaking up
gelidly. An addltion of muck well worked
in will improve-lire quality and add to the
quantity. Cover with muck. boil, or plastvr
to retain the ammonia. Look well to every
crarods.ctt;ry,atrd alloynchbiug to go a *woe.
Waal] wale% bbamber rlop., eta., are tto
valuable to throw away. A vat or a muck
iteAp may be provided to receive ateiP•
Meadows - mbep well fenced and do not
permit i.V.aik o ny kind to tiample A,ver or
feed t iff. Wilt a "maul" ..caster ,in ca:tle
dioppings.,piek up and cart riff loose !,tones,
and sew grass seed upon any va.•ant spot.
Plowing i. one_of the chief operations of
April,and'ia't..oslightly attended: to.
polairk-s—rlaut early one., seletninc goo<
market vatielles nut stariect to' oil. Try.
say ten llushels of, coarkl salt IRread Over
an acre of land in planting ticne,. and note
the re,ults.
Sheep are maw dropping emir lambs- niid
inneci wslin shelter at night. Keep wiii.ite
from other ',tack mind well fed. 6 , 1%41 tall
oace a week
are also increasing in nomhera if
ptoper card has beriii ere,eisod. Keep eliar.-
coal and ashes accessible to them , and give a
little animal food which will frequenily ',eve
the offspting,from being eaten. The tweber
IlkOtild liars plenty of ,warm liquid foottand
be kept frotritother ;vaunts. Do pot neglect
their manure, making aplrtinent.:
.'Teols, wagons, gear, harnesses, ! etc., etg. •
alo;uld be provided at once and lint in .gcaal
working ortfer. • Some of the newer tool& are
real improvements upon the old, and well
worthy of adoption. Throw away the old if
' twice as much labor can be done with , the
-new, bli..be not too lia4ty to purchase every
citamtxl improvement without trial
Trees—Sat out for shade shod 'fruit along
*the roads and lanes and.ahuut die yard.. A
shade tree near the house may very properV
b e ;e well trained cherry tree, which orna
mental at two seasons of the 'year at least.
We have seen places improved very much
by a few such trees set out by the dwelling.
Stau4rd pears are also desirable,
' Tltis is emphatically a tree planting month,
both in orchard and cursery. Spring Is
usually the best mason in which to.plant all .
kind of trees, and April is the best month- of
Spring. except for Evergteens.whicb do better
planted in May. Early planting i. desirable
--bat the earth may become well,settled about
the roots. and the tree commence its growth
before a dry season comes on. !•
Attending to sales, taking up f and resetting
your stock, grafting, plowing among and
otherwise caring for the smaller trees will
fully occult the nurseryman's time. To
facilitate his t latxtra as much ss possible, a
good assortment of the varicros j trees should
be taken up and their roots heeled in or cover
ed, near of :nem.. from which In order can
soon be filled. Mark the - varieties by labels
and division stakes. -
. In procuring trees for en orcliard,go Tour-
self, if possible and select, and see to the tak
ing- up which aviil frequently secure to you
better treestkraaveshen it -is lett to nunery
men, who are Anxitiu-s to dispose of all
kinds.
Old trees that- were cleated from rough
hark and mess, 'and washed I , lrrth soapsuds
last month, How need toatnetbing for the roots
to feed upon, lespeatially if the groom , ' Jots
been in sod for gnany \ veani. peiter plow it
up after Antinuring heavily ; and plant Plea
toes upon the ground that it furry receive the
benefit of hoeing. Msby of the : tree• . will;
b e Erec tly improved by grafting, and the Srst,
clay; of this month are the appropriate season
for-this operirtion. -
*muse iiiitury grounds heavily before
ser-tbitii Illtr-p of trees may be
grown -*Wittig !orate" additiOni Spread a
good luantity for mope didecii•te around the
trunk? or,orehord t t i rem—say 4-far u the
,buncbeepteed.—An. /fp. I
ADMISSION OF OREGON.
---0-
1131=0MMOME
HON, ALEXANDER IL SHISH
OF GEORGIA,
IN THE'HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
FEBRUARY 112, 18b9.
•
The House having under consideration
the bill providing fur the admission of Ore
gon, Mr. Stephens of Georgia said :
Ma. Svai.nr.as.—i do not know that I can
sty anything that will add force to the argu
ment aready wedeln behalf of the admission
of Oregon. If is in)* purpose, however, to
contribu_te *bat I can to that end. And if
1 fail in, my wtsh, it sill be because my
ability is nut equal to my zeal. Apart from
con-ideration of pildie duty and justice to
the people claiming this admission, there is
another consideration which enlists my entite
energies for the 411; that, Sir, is the oppor
tunity it affords me, as a Southern man, and
One acting with the Democratic party, toj
show the groundlessnest 6f tt, t , charge made
last-year. that we were in factor of putting
ouerule-to-s, State applying with a slave l
State Constitution, and another and more
tigt rms rule• to a free State application ;
that we required a la bet population for the
admission of it State nut tolerating •African
slavery, than one permitting and allowing it.'
The get t'eman from Otriu,[Mr. Striatum] who
bas just taken-his seat, ba s s. re-asserted that
charge, in substance. Sir, I repudiated it
alien it was first made. and I repudiate it
now. The position of Kansas and that of
Oregon are totally dissimilar; end 'whatever
consideration of duty-, looking to the peace
and quiet of that country, as well as the gen
eral welfare, may have induced me and '
other=, to put the population restriction upon
any future application from Kansas, like con
siderations of duty, of a higher character,
acting a, we now are under existing obliga
tions which we cannot ignore, forbtd that the
same representative ratio should be ebtondod
to Oregon. As I btatesl in Any opening re
marks, under extsting compacts,-under exist
ing laws affirmirtg and extending what all ,
regarded as a most solemn compact, the °nit
mince of 1787, it is, in my judgment,' a high
obligalion to admit Oregon so boon as she
has sixty thousand inhabitants.
Now, sir, before going into that, I wish to
T./Ay to tl e g,ttileuran from Ohio [Mr.
swoo n ]. alau has just taken his seat. If I!
tmdcrstand him, and the gentleman from
.Masarchtuct.'s [N]r. Gooch.] who asked that
bignifirant question of the Delegates from
Oregon and Senator elect : how he would
cote ni the Senate on the repeal of the popu
:Atka clause in the Kansas bill of Isatsessiun l
Korth of them would be willing to vote fur
ihriaclrnission of o.egoo, provhled that rep
, resuhia ive ratio required of Kan-as amnia
The% occupy this strange pirsi
, tion : becatt.a the Deti.o•ratin party did
I Kall•FlA at the 1341 -tea-on, as th - ey as umr, a
wrung„th•l ‘yill do Oregon a like wrong at
,e..ron, I y way of retari,cion.
Mr. Stanton.—The get Orman mi,untler
staru:s me,
Mr. Stephens of Ga.—l cannot be inter
related. 1 have heard the- gentleman's argu
ment ;so has the House; and the g entleman
and the House will hear mine. Let them
stand ha:Alba. I understand the ininotily
of the e.,minittee on Territories, with the
gentleman farm l'ennsvivania i far Grow]
at their b ea d, signity it like wiliingtie.p,
Mr. Grow No, sir ; I s!nred ki i s tinetl±
that I could never go fur the clause of the
Consttitition I horse indiraied.
Mr. Stephens or Georgia:—Do not Inter•
rupt we. i sate the tzeiiiirmati . e. po.4tien as
it a i ajaesr-)n lei- mina city report. The only
.
thing he•e,unplein, of in it is dimoic h onstion,
es lo- calls it, in this Kenss conference bill.l
The on'y amendment he proposes to this bill
is a repeal of that N..t a word in his report. ,
againt the ohiontoos clause in the Oregon
Constitution against hegro e q uality. That i
he ras•es over, and . evidently_ seems to rest 1
his entire opposition to this: bill to the exist
ing law in reference to Kansas. What has'
has tramght "this change over the spirit of ' 1
his a recto," I do Dot know. I arh glad,
howeveJ, to see that there is a number of
iho other side actuated by a more magna-
ninnies sentiment. They "cannot see the'
l! , a4c or the moral of tits gentleman from
, Penns) lvania ; that because. in his assump
tiun, ,his sl i de of the House 411,1 wrong last',
session. therefore he will do wrong this. To
the majority on that aide, acting with the
gentleman from Pcnns ) lvania, I would put
the quest*, bow can two wrongs make a
right ? If it were - granted that 'injustice
was done to Kansas, how can it be righted
by repotting it towaida Oregon I That
side of the Hotted will permit me to tell I
them, that by their votes to-day they will 1
spike every gun they have Cued against the
Democratic party fur their alleged injustice
dune to Kansas. If the Democratic party
did wrong to Kansas, (hut - I shall show that
Et
the cases are totally dissimilar.) the "Re
, publican" party seems di-posed to-day to NI
-1 low suit, and do the sante wrong they corm
plain of to Oregon. If they :are. sincere in
1 1
-their belief, and not governed soleVy by op
position and antagonism, would it not be
the . wiser, the better, the nobler, and more
stet, swanlike course for them to come fur
ward -snd set us an example of Jdoing right,
as the two gentleman from Massachusettl
[Mr. Thayer and Mr. -Cowinsjurged them
jesterdav I •
But, Sir, the cases are totally dissimilar
.;' •
,
the clause in the Kansas. Compromise bill,
refusing to hear any further application for
Veda:Muhl' from her in case of her declining
to come into the Union under her then appli
cation, with the modification of her lan d;
propOution, which we submitted, until she;
bad population equal to the ropreventatiy ,
ratio, not., air may, not-have been -right, ac 74
coding to the opinions of gentleknen. The'
policy of -adopting such a general principle
in alF.cases where it can be done, Amy; or
may pot, be right, as gentlemen may vary in
il k eix "tuitions, but, that quest* cannot a-
rise in the• cost of-Oregon. , We , are fore : . ,
closed on thit point, in the territotisl organic I
act ' • and I appeal, not only to,this side of 1
the House, but to every side, add ask how
ili - ey can get .pound that obligation in the
Tisiriimial bill of Oregon of 1848, whidb
declares - solcohnly that all the guaranteks;
pr.% lieges and tights secured 1.0 tbA pe01:48
of the itTortbifrest Territory should be ex-,
tended to sire people of Oregon 1 The words
of the act are : '
- ------- - -
- --
Tegatioxiviaaszir curk,lia IiZETP TEEICI mho or srsai UPUON"
MONTROSE, PA., APRIL 7, 1869.
Sec. 14. And be - it further enacted, That
the inhabitants of said Territory shall be-en
titled enjoy all and 'r•ingular righ:s, privi
legei and advantages granted and secured to
the people of the Territory of the United
States northwest of the river Ohio by the
articles of compact contained its the ordi
nance for the • government of said Territory
on the 12th day of Salve 1787, and shall be
suljeet to all the conditions, restrictions and
prohibitions in said &Odle' of compact im
posed upon the people.of said Territory.
'Statutea - -at lorrge; vol. 9, page 329.
And what wereohose rights and privileges
guaranteed to the people in the Northwest
Territory
_hereby secured and guaranteed to
the people of Oregon. Here they are ;
"And whenever any of the said States shall
have sixty-thousand free inhabitants therein,
such State shall be admitted by its delegates
into the Congress 01' the United'Statea on an
equal footing with the original States, - in all
respects Whatsoever; and shall be at liberty
lo form-a permanent Constitution-and State
Governtneut : Provided, The Constitution
and Government so •to be formed shall be
republican, and in conformity to tbe•princir
les contained in these articles; and so far as
it can be consistent with the general interests
of the Confederacy, such an admis-ion shall
be allowed at an earlier period, and when
there be si less number of free i n h a bi tan t. in
the State than sixty thousand. [Fifth Article
Ordinance, 1787, Statutes at Large, vol. 1,
page 53."
No such guarantee as ilds was - ever given
to the people of the Territory of Kansas ; if
there bad been that representative ratio ftt
ure could not have been put in the Cord r
enee bill without a violation of plighted faith.
And is there any inconsistency son this side
of the House in adopting the Representative
ratio principle wherever it can be done, and
still maintaining good faith where" previous
obligations prevent ! Oregon is the only .
Territory to which this previous obligation
to admit with sixty thotisand inhabitants ap
plies. Here must be an exceptional case in
any general rule that it may be deemed ad
•viseable to adopt for all the - otlier Ter,ltmies
for the future. Kansas stands in a position to
take her place with all the others, except
Oregon, without any. just cause of pomplaint.
Whether such general rule be wi4 and proper,
is not now the question; nor whether its
application to Kansas at the last ses-ion was
right or wrong; the question befoirrus 'at this
time, is simply whether we will discharge an
exi.ting obligation
The gentletnau from Tennessee, [Mr. 'LAl
kali:o, who made one of the minority rera.ri,*
wires that the co mpact of 1787. extended to
Oregon by act of 1848, was not in the mourn
of an engagement with the people of a Terri
tory, but with a State. The language, he
says, is, "whenever any of said States," &c.
Mt. 61aellt.er, 'what amalukit State ] Its it
boundary'? hit lirni:s! Is its rivers 1
it parallels of latitude ! Sit, people make •
States. Ilis argument, to my mind, has no
force. The Territory , was cleaned, and the
compact entered into with the people, with
the inliabilanfa; .and the compact was, that
as soon as they had sixty thousand free in
habitants, they were to he entitled to adinis-
lion a, a State; and further,_ so-far-as it can,
be consi-tent. - with the general interest, Duch
admission shall be allowed with a less num
ber than sixty thousand inhabitants. There
is no e-cape from this ; nor are we without
some lights as to a proper construction of
these words. It is the same identical gua
rantee that was extended to Tennessee in
1790 ; and how wan this language interpret
ed by iliGse who made the compact How
Wilb it A unstrued hy - the great light• of the
old Republican party 1 This identical ques
tion came up on the admission of Tennessee,
the gentleman own State. •
The debate on *Litt qUeitlvu was lam red'
to yesterday. There is no dotlgiug the ones
tion—no evading it. - The question here. so
far as population is concerned, is•the same as
that on the admission of Tennessee. The on
ly fact in issue now before us is the fact alai
!gas in issue . then. It . is not whether the
proposed State has 00,000 or 100,000, but
simply whether it bra sixty thousand inhabi
t
tants. I will not go over the argument to
show th'at it has. lam satisfied that there
are over 60,000 inhabitants in Oregon. I
am well satisfied, front- the evidence ' , cited
the other day, that there are over 100,000.
There were 43,000, and upward in 185,5, as
shown by the Imperfect. census. Five years
before there were only 10,000. in five years
they had increased fourfold. With a pro•
portionate increase there would be '130,000.
and upward. But even suppose the increase
has:bete° Pitittally - retarded ; the other evi•
dente shows there must be over 100,000.
The official report shows personal proper
ty to 'the amount of 822,000,0 CD. Supptsa
the people of Oregon to be worth 8200 per
capita pf personal property—which is inure
than any State in the Union—them would
•be one hundred and, tjto thousand inhabitants.
I think the per capitit estimate of personal
property at $2OO isrtoo high fur Oregon. lo
Georgic, where the wealth jter capita is
greater, as I showed the other day, than in
any other State in the Union. it is, including
'real and personal estate togetber,ss34 for the
entire population. The average in the Unit
ed States is something over $350. Placa it
at $l5O in Oregon for personal : property
alone (for they own no real estate there—no
land patents base yet -heen jutted) and the
population will be over one hundred and
thirty thousand. • These facts satisfy me that
there are more than, one hundred thousand
people there. No man can doubt it, it seems
to me, that there are over sitty thousand; and
that is the question.
Then, Sir. in the debate referred to on the
admission of Tennessee, what: said Mr. M-idis
son on that point 1 •
"'The fact, ;of population was the only
necessary one; sad wouldgeotlewen be sati , -
6ed with no other, method o f Aam t a i n i i .,,g i t
but such as they' themselves should direct."
' He went on :
"If there ' were the stipulated number of
inhabitant', that, Territory could not belle-,
nied its claim of becoming' a State of the
Union without., a, violation of rights."
Again, be says pat—
*qe.himself hits no doubt on the enblect ;
,the evidence wa s sufficient end_ astir:Tau
tory.l.l . • •
And igain hiksaid
"13th tbouttis,whete eh/imams tt doulit,
Conroe %melt to lean toward a deactu
ikhich would give equal: rights to every FA%
of the Amerivan-people." .
Re said there. Was iso doubt on his mind
that there were sixty thousand people there ;
and that, under the compact,they werebouod,
from all the facts he could gather, to admit
tbe , State
flow can gentlemen escape' that Mr.
Macon, a gentleman who occupied a high
position in the RepubliCan party of that day
=not the, party of modern ••Republicans,"-
but of good old Republicans of . the Jeffers
sonian school—one of the s4ining lights of
the House, whose name will go down to hit-
tory and live .as long as the names of the
founders of the. Republic, said ;
"The question before the *committee was
on admitting the Territory to be a State in
the Union. There appeared -to him only
two things as mammary to be inquired into.
First, was the new government republican 1
It appeared to him to be so. Second, were
there sisty thctuaand inhabitants in the Terri
tory It ap peared to him there were ; and
if so, their admission as a State should not
be considered as a gift, but as a right."
Again, Mr. Gallatin said be=
"Was of opinion that the people of the
Southwestern Territory became ipso facto
State the moment they amounted to sixty
-thousand free iuhabitants; and that it became
I the duty of Congress, as part of the ori g inal
compact, to recognize them as such, an d to
admit. them into the Union, whenever they
bad satisfactory proof of fact.)'
I cannot dwell on this branch of the sub- ;
ject. It is no question ofninetv:thiee thousand
here. It is no question of what is the ratio of
other Territories. It is. no question of Kansas '
discrimination. It is the simple naked qua,
tion of fulfilling obligations. That is the
whole of it. I have nu doubt that she -has
sixty thousand; and every man upon this
floor-so believing, according to this authori
ty, is bound to vote for her admission. Will
you do it I -
But the gentleman frpm Ohio [alT. Stan
ton] complains of the Constitution of Oregon.
Ile - complains Of that article which denies
political equality to the African race ; to
that part which excludes negroes from vot
ing; which prevents them from exercising
the rights of citizenship ; especially that
, which denies them the right. to maintain an
I action in their courts. The Topeka Consti-
I tution of lansas,which that gentleman favOr:
ed in 1850, excluded free negroes entirely
. nom - the Territory of Kansas.
Mr. Grow.—l will correct the gentleman.
The Topeka Constitution did not exclude free
negroes from Kansas, but the question was
1 suEuutted to the people, as instruction to
i the f.,,egislature, to passan act or that char
acter. „..
1f r. 4ephens of Ga —And a rarge majori
ty of the gentleman's friends who adopted
the Constitution voted to give the instruo
tieng.
Mr. Grow of Pa.—l Miake no point upon
that.
Mr. Stephens of Ga.-4.tad those who pro
fess po be the exclusive friends of negroes, as
they now do, so far ar:thit Constitution was
concerned, voted to baoisit them forever from
the State, just as Oregon has done. Whether
this bauistonent. be right i r wrong, it is no
worse in Oregon th;p it was in Kaunas. But,
on the score of hurnaaty, we of:the South
do hot believe that those who,. in Kansas
and Oregon, banish this race from their lim
its, are better friends of the negro than we
are, who assign them that place among us to
which by nature they are fitted,and in which
theyadd so much more to their owo happiness
and comfort, besides to the common well
being of all. We give them, a reception.
We give them shelter. We clothe thetn - /.l3Te
feed them. We provide for their every
cant, in health end in sickness,. in infancy
and old age. We teach them to work. We
educate them in the arts of civilization and
the virtues of Christianity, much more effec
teeth, ..4 seceessfulls• than von cap ever do
on rhoi coasts of Africa. And, without any .
cest to the plume, we ...seder them' esdel to
themselves and to the world. The
firsthason in civilization s)pd Christianity to
be taught to the baibarous "tribes, wherever
to be found, is the first great curse against
the, lietnan family—that in the sweat of their
face they shall earn their bread. Under our
system, our tuition, our guardianihip and
fostering care. these people, etAiting so much
misplaced, philanthropy, have attained , a
hieher.degree of civilization then their race
has attained anywhere else upoti the face of
kthe earth. The Topeka people excluded
them: they, like the neighbors , we read of,
went round theni ; we, like the good Sama
ritans,. shun not their destitution or degra
dation—we alleviate -both. But let that
go.. •
Oregon has in this matter, done no worse
thkn the gentleman's friends did in Kansas.
I think she acted unwisely in it—that is ber
business, not mine. But the gentleman from
Ohio [Mr. Stanton] questions me, how could
a negro in Oregon ever get. hie freedom under
the Constitution they bare, adopted I I tell
him, under their Constitution a slave cannot
exist there. The fundamental law is against
it. But, lie asks, how could bit freedom ever
be established, as no person of color can sue
in her Courts I. Neither can they in Georgia;
still our Courts are open to this class of peo
ple, who appear by prorkein ami or guardian.
Nor is there any grera hardship. in this; for.
a married woman cannot Sue in her own name
anywhere where the common law prevails.
Minors also have to Re by guardian or next
friend. ,We have suits continually in
. our
tribunals by persons claiming to be free per
sons of color. They cannot sue in their own
names, brit by next friend. They are not citi
zens; We do not recognize them as such; but
rill the Courts are open • and just so will.
they be iu Oregon if the question is ever
raised.
Resostc—By the laws of. Texas free
negroes are prohibited from residing in that
4t,iste, and hence have pip right: to sue In her
courts; and yet the poems there have enter
tained jurisdiction of suits for the liberation
of negroes, and j have auiated the
prosecution of such Suits, in which they were
declared free under writs of habeas corpus.
SUPBENB Osortoia—l understand
the gentleman to say AA thbConstitutiou of
Texas is similar to this, and yit her Courts are
open kin as I stated in reference to Georgia;
and tliat he himself had assisted free negroes
io the Poona of Texas to obtain their rights.
Thers,can be no difficulty upon
,that score.
Let WA Say to gentlemen on the other side of
the goose, not to lay the flattering unction
,to their souls that they can escape by such a
pretext as that;
But it was intimated by the gentleman
item Ohio, 611 last year Ire voted to admit
Kansas as a dace State with a view of •gettleg
two. Democratic Senators, and that. cur - ob
ject is the same now in regard to Oregon.
Sir, in chili he is, mistaken We stood thei,
as ,now, upon principle. Had Koons beep
admitted under the Lecompton Constitution,
all of us knew that th = e probabilities were,
that two "Republican" Senators would have
besot elected. Not wasthe large Democratic
vote in the Senate, soon after,. upon this bill
for the admission of Oregon, based upon any
such idea as be intimated. it could not have
been. When thii bill passed the Senate it
was not known what sort of Senators-would
be elected there, any more than it wars as to
Kansas. -The election in Oregon , had not
been beard from. It was a but contest. And
meths election, which afterward cataireffs the
metober who was returned to this House was
_elected by only sixteen hundred majority.
-Under these circumstances, bow can the
gentleman attribute such motives to the sc._
tiou of Democratic Senators! Where is the •
slightest: evidence for such an imputation!
May be the gentlemen attributes to others
the motives by Which be himself is governed .
—that is, a wish to bripg in, the State under
political auspices - favorable to his own view
of public policy. May be be thin ks, by re
jecting this Constitution, the State ma#come
in under a " Republican'? instead of a Demo
cratic banner; for he said her admiodon was
only a question of lime. I will not say this
this is his object - in cipposing this bill; but I
do say, fur myself. that 14m goverced by no
such motives as he has intimated. I will
vote, whenever a State comes here with a
Constitution Republican in form, and- with an
obligition-resting upon me to vote for her ad
mission, as this does, for her admission, irre
spective of what may be the political cast of
her Senators and members elect. I will nev
, erido wrong that sight may afterward come
from it. Wrong does not prpduce such fruits.
What you plant and sow, that you reap. I
will never commit au acknowled error,•hoping
that gosid will come of it. • Good ends never
justify wrong means according to •my code
of morals. Honesty i 3 the best policy in all
things. Perhaps most of those on the other
side of the Rouse who go against this bill, do
i so barely to be in opposition.
1 To such 'I would say what I once said to
a gentleman in my District. • When I . Was
i going to address the people at a particular
place, meeting him on the way, kasked him
if he was going up to the Court hour& He
said, no; that I was going to speak, and that
be only wanted to know what side I was on
to be against it. • I 'said, "that is the.reason
you are always in the minority; you give me
choice Of sides upon all questions, and of
course I take the. beat." [Laughter.] , Would
it not be. well for. gentlemen on that side to
consider the point, barely as a matter of po
litical or party tactics? That gentleman. was
..o wait pleased -with. the remark that
_he went
and heard- me op the occasion allsideil to,
and from that day to this has_ never (ailed to
I vote for me. If the opposite side will allow
I me, I will say to them it is bad policy in any
party to oppose everything barely for opposi
tion sake. Let me entreat them not toss:op
pose' this bill—as some of them do, I feat—
! barely because Democrats vote for it.., By
I Ibis course.you give us choice of sides in the
' great issue of right. • . .
Ono word 'further, .upon another subject,
and I call the especial attention of the House
to it. It is the•olajection raised to the Con
stitution of Oregon on accout of 'the alien
suirnsge feature, in its' The gentleman from
, Tennessee [Mr. Zollicoffer] in his report quotes
a past of the decision of the Supreme • Coun
bearing upon the Ciinstitutional power of F.
State PO as to regulate suffrage within her
own limits, but stops right in the middle, of
a sontence.. I will read first the extract quo
ted by the gentleman—italics.bis—and they
read the whole sentence as it. stiodeat..go
.ll UttllCtl -saney - st - 4:l6e=lvets -Hei4o - 1.7 o f
case: • - '
. , .
0 TheConatitniion has conferred ou Congress
the right to establish a uniform rule of natural
izattoo, end this right is evidently =lnsist-, and
has always been held by this Court to bh so.
Consequently, no State, since the adoption of
the Constitution, can, -by. naturalizing. en alit,
invest him with the rights and 'priiileges secur
ed to eiciticen of a Mau under the Federal Gor.
ernment," &c. , '
There the gentlemen stops, with the sear
tence unfinished 14 a commie. The Chief Jus
tice goes light 'on with the words : '
"although, so far as the State alone was con
cerned, he would undoubtedly be entitled to the
rights ore citizen, and clothed with all the rights
ann immunities, which the Constitution and laws
of the State attach to that character." . '
In this the SuprOme Court says, and says
truly, that no-State min make au alien bg
birth a citizen of the United S'tatesthat la,
the exclusive right of Congress—but that
each State may clothe an alien with all
the,privileges and rights they seo fa.siritbin
their own jurisdiction and limits. The tight
of suffrage—the tight to declare who shall
vote at elections—rts expresy reserped in the
Constitution of the United States to each
State. This Government cannot interfere
with that' power. It is the last right I would
have the State to surrender, for upon it rest
all the great bulwarks of State rights; and
should it ever. be surrendered, no vestige of
-State rights would remain.
, MR. XoLueortes—The comments of the
gentletnao from Oeorgia upon that portion
of my report would produce the impassion
that I hive eyedunfairly. - •
Ma. I T * PHISIS Or ,oso . Nou,—l
. 4 9 not say
that, 1 . '.,cannot, however, be ioternpted I
have barely time sufficient—
Nln. Zom..tcozrza—But let me make this
statement. I,will net be two Minutes. '
Ma. STEPHENS or CEOSOIA—Be brief.. I
will give you two minutes, but no more.
Ma. Zintacovrart—l was, enforcing the po
sition as asserted by the Court, that a State
'could 'not confer upon'unnaturaltxed foreigners
the tighfs'of citiienship, so far as the Federal
Gover .
ly that portion n ant was concerned; and, therefore, I
Optedof the sentence
tri 4
found in thee decision, which showed that to
be Ott position of the Court. That portion of
the Seitenc.e is this:
Ma:STEPHENS or GEORGIA—IMMO& yield
any further. I have already read it. ,
Ma. Zowcovni—Let me add the - single
remark that, in my report, Itlistinoly Cdocui
red-with the Courtin my remaining'pcirtion of
that 'activities; that, so far as " the State illoite
was concerned," the State hid the right to
confer the rights of citizenship upon unnat
,
uralized fortugasra
Mik Srarturais or Gaoutia--It would
have Wen- much betier — indetatodd, if the
get, tleiroau` Lid qttOted the'wb4 of it; aid
.. _ •
VOI-UME XVI, NUMBER 14:
then given his concurrence in tini whole wit
stands. And I muit be permitted to ray; that
to concurring in the whole of that detiiition
as it ►taode he yielcho this whole question.' if
a Stare has the right to colder , upon aliens
all the rigbta of citizens, en far as- she is coo-.
cerned - , Ce:teinly the right of suffrage is in-
oludest
,
MR: ZoLucoFFEß—That the
State glare is ucneernee
Mit. STIPIMA or GLORO/A—EYSOIIy. The
State bag the esohoire cohtfol of the vizht.
of suffrage within her limits and ander her
laws, according to the decision of ibe Su
preine Court. She mut say who may vote fur
all her officers; who for Governor and who \
fon her State Senate and who for- her House
of Rsopresenuttives, Roll then the Constitution
of the United States - expressly ptovidee•tbat
the members of this House shall be chtifew
or voted for'by those in each State irlic,,by
the Constitution and laws of each State, aro
entitled .to vote•for this most Oumerour bratiols
of the State Legit.!Aline. In alimitting.thitt
each State may allow an alien to vote for
members of the moat Atuotierotts branch o
their own Legi-lature, the gentleman yields
this entire question., The language in Chief
Justice' Taney's decision immediately pre
ceding that quoted by the gentleman in- his
report,. is in these wordy: ,
"Nor have the zeverarStatesjsurren'dered the
power of conferring these'rights and .privileges,
by adopting the• Constitution of the - United
States. Each Stzte may still confer them upon
an alien or any oqe it thinks proper or ripen any
class or description of persona; yet he would
not ben citizen in the sense in which that word
is used in the Constitution of the United States,
nor entitled to sue as such. in one of its courts.
I nv to the privileges And imnsunities of A citizen
irr e the ether States. The rights which-410 Otild
I
acquire wculd be restricted to the State which
gave them."
Then comes the gentleman's quotation.
And from then whole, the principle is clear.
that each State mar, if skin chooses, coffer
the tight of citizenship within her own 'limits
and jurisdiction, upon :Alien: But, without
naturalizatiot under the laws of the United
States,'this ,will] not give tam the right of
citizenship in any respect outside of gam
State. lu it, bit right of citizenshiplicay be
as full as ccmplete as those of tlavouttive
born.
But I did 'not intend to argue this point.
I did that at the last session, on the Minne
eota bill. - In that argument, I gave the his
,tory of this question of alien suffrage in the
Territories. 1 have nothing to add to what
I then said. ' I barely "refer to it now, that it •
may be considered as part and parcel of what
I would say on the same points, if, my time
allowed, to-day. Of the Presidents who, is
some form orehape, had given tbe•principle
their sanction, either in the Tertitnies et
Stateam their admission,
_I named Washing
`ton. the , elder Adam, Jeffers'ap, it nelison,
4ackson,'Polk,Tillmo , e. andT'iercio,—anq - te
this list may now be added that of Buchanan,
who signed the Minnesota bill.
I My colleague [Mr. hill] yesterday Iludetl
1 to what Met Calhoun said on the b bject in
183 G, 1 commented upon that 1
* t. ear.
1-coold not tad that speech of MT; t.Mou4
in the Globe, or any parliamentary record ip
the country. Ido notmeatt,to.,aay th,at he
did not make it. It was not made u'pok the
admission of Michigap. It was made; if at
all, when a question .was up involving the
question of suffrage in the Territory, while
Michigan - was still in a territorial conditirin.
The speech is said to have been made in 1836.
, Miebigat was not admitted until 1837. H - er
Constitution was similar in this, respect to'
that of Oregon. Mr. Calhoun was then itithe
'Senate; did not raise his voice,iiitinettatat
feature in it, as far as I have been able .to
fincLt Not a. word fell from him, at thattinie,
on ' , le sukject of alien suffrage, that I pp
MR.. ZOLLieurnst. - .... . .
artteittiltktp........Ce.
MR. STE_PORNS Or GEOR .
Mr. Zoltrcema.-LAllow me but a single
sentence; that sentence' is, that I. shoulffla
bar under great disadvantage if the gentle--
man were even disposed to extend tome the
courtesy of allowing me to reply to his points
while be holds the floor.- Therefore Pwilt
not at present ask to do so.
Ma. SITP-lIENS or GiORG/A—That I under►
. •
nand ver y well. The gentleman can reply
hereafter. My time will not allow me to in :
dulge him now. I made the speech I have
referred to last year, expecting that it would
be replied...to. but it reinsina yet without re
ply. And I cannot permit , my time today
to be taken up with matters there disposed of.
Mit. lln.t.—Let me ask my colleague a
question. Is lut_tmt aware of the votes given
by Mr. Calhoun on the Michigan bill against
permittin'g alien suffrage iu that State! It was
on the motion of Mr. Clay..
Mn. gTI.PHENS OF Geo not s—lilrbag year :
Mu. Bru.—lo 1838. ' . .
MR. STiPHENS or GEORG! i —Ye.; I know
of his vote. alluded ;‘) in 1834. Illchilan was
then a Territory. I repeat again, that on the
admission of Michigan as a State next year.
Mr. Calhoun _said nothing against the alien
suffrage feetore in her Constitution that I
know of. Ile may still have been against it.
But one word further in reply to 'my col:
league se to Mr. Calhoun's position on this
'subject: Whptever be pay lave said on it,
Or however he may have voted on it in 1444
he was on the committee that,reported the
celebrated Clayton tomprornisr, which pro- •
sided a government for this territory of Ore
gon, and that bill contained this very alien
suffrage clause iu it.' Mr. Calhoun voted for
the hill - with this clause in it in the Senate.
I have the recant by me. It. is not of so much
importance what he Paid or how be voted In
1838, when the question misfits!. stajtecl, ea
bow he voted twelve years afterwaril, and af
ter mature insestigatioo. Here is 'his vote
in 1848. 1
, put that tigallist his speech
and his yam in 1838 at s l . let all go to the
country with my colleague's comments. I'
shall be content.
' Now, Mr..Spiesktp.cri another and entirely
different' spect of thbi question thave some
thing spacial to say to another side of the
Souse—as listinot class in it. I moan the
meMbers coming from ilavelaadirig Slates..
There is - evidently a feeling of opposiliSu 'in
that qu . eiter to the admission of Oregori,
from a reluctance and iiiiinife4 indisposition
' to increase the number of what is called free,
States. ' This aripes - from an . apitrebensioi
that with tke loss o the balance of power xkii
rights 'of imr sec tion upon . 4e.nnstitutiorial
. questions will be less secure.' ' 4.
_.• Ms ay' be so. lidos&
,not. however;
1 tteeieiart follow. But that balance ilsal.-
n
randy g ods—lost by Clll6t;t4youti your or