NC Ktottunt :67... 0 trritsqn, .fro.prittot's.
.IStf~~
THE ET,UNGARIAN-PRISONF Li.
Or, want of dotal Confidelme. • • •
' . In fB47 N a gentlenin interested in prison
Irefortn visited the county iit4 of Pinth,. and
. among the felons found one :whose appearan
ce and deportment were altvgether inconsist.
.ent With his degrading' position.; Tire histo
ry of this prisoner is of a tilling ,character
..,-qUite a-roinantiew+rative—arid w give it.
iin the words cif the prison inspector
- ifft ttrs spring of IlBe=-, a quiet, chuntry
WI w'n 4 illinzary Was 'suddenly thrown into
the greatest consternation. .31r. A—t,-11
wealthy: landed proprietor,l44 suddenly fall .7
en sick at his neighboring country-seat ; and
scarcely bad the surgeOn arrived, when the
fiatient was seized witlconvulsions . and died
. i
with all the - symptoms, of poison. . At the in-
.quest held, it - was ;found that death had re
' suited from a.cup of ch ocolate which ' the de
ceasedlid taken in defiance of the advice of
"his .friends. Mr. A-- 1 -- ' ahia :1 - reckles . s and
I= • 1
obstinate, had lately married,: after • a some-
Qhtt riotous youth. is health was shatter
ed, and he suffered fr o the restilts of his -
I n
former coursnof • life. ' The any • before .his
: - . 'death he ' had 'received .. Varcel from Vienna
"'by the dilligence, ttiget)ier With a letter,' pur
.Vorting to be from a fashionable: physiCian; '
who formerly bad treated.' hire for a long
';.time, and 11647 tecotnrnlniled the use' of the
!'enclosed chocolate as rtl . newly invented, and
I t inostlnVigorating beyrage. Mr. A-- - - •
wined delighted with ' the attention of, his
former physician, and tliough Warned by --his
friends, and liiinself ac k nowledging that the
• 1. •
uncalled-for advice was rather, strange-4o
ninth the more since he bad ceased.to stand
.
fen any connection with the physician, and did
:not even know his handwriting—be still: took:
;The *chocolate which proved fatal. The re , -
:maining portion of the: deadly mixture
was • divided, :one--halli Of it ' being sv.nit.'
:to the medical faculty 4 the .tiniversity - of 1
l'estli,the other half to tie —since in ca
;sea of poisoning itis cpstomarii in Hungary
. :to have the analysis made,by tic) parties en
tirely independenttof each other, for the more
'sure instruction of the medical inquest. In
the present case, trOth Universities came to
Abe decision. Theyiscovered, vegetable
41, 4_,
„poison in Abe sample su itted :to then As:
i to tbe.person of the murderer, or' the motive
1 of the dark deed, nothing could be ascertain
ed. • The letter was a cl'untsy,:forgery—everi
.tiwas Wion,glyilspell-:,
at the office if the:
if , ,
reinoeren only that
de-iged; the -other
package for trans.!
the nark of sire physiei
Ore sipature.; and'
parcels delivery they 're I ,
two females, one mid .
young, had brought the
imissiorss
Precisely atthe us time, k'estb was
thrown into a still ,-gr -
_r :excitement than
the country town; Mr.: amthall, one of the
(ta le
leading solicitors of the capital ,_ an ambitious
I
young man, connected by. m arr iage with the
&wily of the chief-justie4 and 4 the highest
_lexpeeistiows at the bat, was brought to the
police:station on the ebatlme of mini - der. Tio
persons of somewhat. di ' biOus.character—a
Waiter out of phke.; , apd a professional gamb
ler—were smoking their Pipes in The dusk in .
One of the by-streets of P' c, when they. and -
Only observed Mr. Sainthall rash out of one
Of the houses, covered with,blood,. and -shout
ink," Stop the murderer r The waiter a 5-,
Sated him that nobody crild have\ left. the
b
onse without his knowledge, as he had been
-.'standing there for the last three or four min
. Utes. Uponlitis asking the ea, use ofthe solicitors
1
, 3112 *ittaTy isppeamutel i Sainthall told him
that having had some basinetts to transact
i
alth Mr. Janish, an inmaie cif the house, ho
found him on entering hiroom, weltering in
hieblood, whilst a strang; r
was beating, him
Shoutthe head with a stone. '
' I immediately gave the alarm,' continued
he,' and tried to arrest the murderer, closing
With 'him ; but the miscreant tripped me and
4'caped.. My , coat became bloody. I rose
and ran after him 'down ; stairs. you must
liars seen him, for - ,heleft this house just be
-1 fore me? The gambler, who had in the
!Ti•antime joinedl.the waiter, remarked that
he had not beard a ny slain], nor had lie seen
4Ybody coming nkut of the Louse, and there
fore be called the pOlice. ' I
The constable went
up with the solicitor to Mr. Danish's .lodging,
and found him senseless on the floor of his
iaata severely wounded on the temple. The
Mouse was carefully_ visited; but no trace of
the allegea tnurde.rer being found, Mi Saint
ball was taken in charge und.brought to the:
Police statien. The inspector, well acgisaint
ed both vritn the - social poSitio ,u of the solici
ter and tbe ; soinewlk t suspicious character of
s ..tt,
the ewe Witnessessoa st him admitted him
• , o
to bait, and wheii the ease came .before the;
ease came
•
Magistrate it was dismissed the statement of
The witnesses being too alight for. substantia
ting the serious charge of, a_ brutal murder
;against an educated mairi whose account -of
the transaction, though in itself not entirely.
satisfactory, still outweighed the pueely neg
ative evidence of a ;waiter and a professional
gambler. Sorne ineidentscertainly remained
unaccountable for, i Janis'', -11 elm..
_of seventy,s
was a kind of unlicensed ;broker; OMB :PD .
P i c'Yed by usurers and gamblers of the loselA
deseriptiOn. What timid' a .mats of Saint
' ball'sst an di n g i n - •
have sought -t,hs :l o d g ings 1
If the transactions of any .4 his Clients= re
quired a personal interview •with the broker.,
r
he might have been. ent fs j i .by a clerk. ' But
, on the other-side, w:hat.p4..sible object could
:the solicitor have bad lin ftswaultitb • ..a: :Ulan
'
Inriruxts.
like Janish I Agaitp, it was auspicious that,
whilst Saitithall deela'red ho had given the
alarm, none of the inmates of the licluse had
heard any noise or scuffle. Alt these ques
ions were amply diScussed at the coffee house
and in the drawing-rooms ; and the solution
-was looked for speedily, since Janis!' was not
dead :; AA, in filet, althoull the surgeon en
ttitained- scarcely any ?!are when the old
man was-brought to the hospital, he began
slowly to recover. Examined by the magis
trates, he deposed that he tottld not tell any-.
thing whatever about the a:AMU ; that hav
ing been in the cellar tasting wine in the af
ternoon, he felt drowsy, and was dosing when
he heard the doot opened ; and before he
Could recognize the person entering he was
stunned by a heavy blo'w on the head. As
to the solicitor, healed him the most kind
man he eve new,, and he disbelieved there
fore thi,veyidenee of the two witnesses, who
stated that tbeyhad not seen any person but
Sainthall coMittg out of the house.
The whole atrair . began to fink into °WM
on, when 4,6:implication turned public atten
tion on Sainthall. The Vienna police 'pro
ceeded -in .tracing andarresting the two fe
males. who had posted the package with pois
emu. s chocolate at the parcels deli very. They
were the wife and daughter et lanish
Thunderstruck at heating themselves charged
with murder, they declared their innocence in
the most emphatic Way. According to their
explanation, Janish, who for many years had
lived apartfrom them at nnex-,
pettedly to Vienna on a visit, and give them
money, saying that be was sent alt the way .
from l'esthby:a: gentleman with .the solo ob
ject allaying it_Sealed parcel posted without
giving any name,. that be received ten pounds
for the errand besides his expenses.: The fe
males tookthe mysterious packet to the office
of the parcels- delivery, and looking to . the di
rection, found it rather - strange that, coining
originally'frorn . Pesth, it was to' be. sent to a
country town in the neighborhood of the city
but more than 250 miles from Vienna. Still
unaccustomed not to niind other people's bu
siness, they posted the parcel without suspi 7
cion. -
As the character of the two females was,
not very reputable; their statement did not
find much credit., Orders were given. to put
Janish under arrest, and to examine him
about the affair. The old man was still in the
hospital, and, without knowing anything
about the disposition's of his wife and daugh
ter, corroborated, their statement in` every
particular : but when informed that the par
xel posted by them bad caused the death of
Mr. A--, he suddenly exclaimed : " If this
be the case, the man who assaetted me must
have' een Sainthall,' for it was he Who gave
thecommission to post the parCel."
The excitemeracreated all over the coun
try by this' revelation baffles description. It
as just at that period that, in consequence
Of the congress of Verona, steps were taken
by the court of Vienna,to sispereede represen
tative government andiother free institutions
.4-
inzflungary. Several , successive • orders in,
council had been issued, all of them uncori,..
stitutional, andOone bearing the signature of
the chancellor. It was known that the high
ly respected old Prince Kobary, who at , that
time held the_post of a keeper to the Empe
for's conscience, had refused to sign the de
crees, which, therefore were issued by the
vice chancellor, Count A—, the head of the
family to which the poisoned Mr. A.—be
longed. The count had never been rich, and
was now embarrassed in his finances, whilst
the junior biatieb possessed great wealth. Af
ter the decease of Mr. A.—, this'. was rep
resented only by - ; is sickly' child, at whose
probable death the extensive estates of the
family would have devolved upon the elder
branch. The public colnected likewise the
death orbit. A—'s fireter,'which had been
suspiciously sudden, with the undoubted poi
soning oithe son. Everybody at Pesth well
remembered that old Mr. , scarcely six
months be.fore, had died in a box at the thea
tre, of an apoplectic fit, as the physicians
said, but certainly 'immediately after having
taken a glass of lemonade offered to him by
Sainthall, who being the iolicitor , of the fam
ily,atood in critinuous intercourse with both
branches of the A—family, with the collet
as well as his utifortunate kinsmen. It wait,
openly said .that Saitithall could not have
any permed motive in poisoning his clients,
unless as a 'tool of the count. Exaggerated
reports of the case spread like wildlre all
over the country, Sod damaged the count.
The case assumed a political character, and
an'impartial, thorough-going inquest becatoe
of the highest importance, not only as a runt
ter of justice, but even of policy. - Amidst the
general excitement, Mr. Sainthall seemed al
together unconcerned by the grave accusa-
I timer brought against.. him. With his usual
coolness, he refused' to. put Oa case in the
hands of airiwyer;and conducted it ia per
son with - the greatest ability.. No further
proofs against ,hiracould be found; Janish
wig utiab!e, by circumstantial evidence,-
.to
'corroborate)* statement, and thd crime re-
Inaitied,, wrapped in the most completo.mp-
At /Ast i a nal inCideat led to'theiirreit of
the sielieitot.. At timAsaapitat where' Janis))
Still lay, - afeviralerostordiscovered nursing trios
who did: betaiii r io , o4o and
had entered - under false „fret:einem - The
boor hetr.atorma as .Varber,
:whose premises arsenic was found,' together'
4ithitioineystperst *lag a ,resenitflaUdelto
tiiiiitft*emslimedinTibetaialpacket of oboe
olate. I:jere then, was a club to the Mystery':
.4
aid brought 'Wore
, 1
itiVE ARE ALL EQUAL BEFORE GOO AND TIRE iCONSTITUItION., 4 .4aines BOchauarr.
1 : 11 ontrost
the police magistiate. where he at once ac
knowledged that Sainthall had lent him mon
ey for the rent of his shop,
.but he denied
altogether any cognizance 15f the forged letter
Still, this indication led to no - result, and the
'researches of justice were baffled, since the
female and the batber made their escape on
the following night, accompacied dy the turn
key of the triah
• Sainthall'spial lasted fully two years. there
is no jury irpthe Austrian dominions ;. prose
ecution and 41 . 4ei2ce arotarried by written
allegations and numerous replies: During
this interval, dre poli &ail excitement subsided
_the Emperor Francis having apologized for
his encroachments upon the constitution;
Count A—who was to bep impeached by the
Hungarian l'arliament died at' Vienna; Ja
nish died in the hospital; and Mr. Sainthall
was sentenced to three years imprisonment
for his murderous assault on the broker ; but'
the charge of poisOning Mr. .A
- 7 --was "not
pitmen." his subsequent life was miserable;
shunned by Al persons of respectability, he
fell into low society, -and became s the legal
adVisor of usurers, gamblers, .and swindlers,
until last year, when a forgery he could not
disprove, brought If; tack to the yell he had.
occupied previously:- Such was the career of
a man . who, his high mental capacity
been coupled with . moral principle, might
have ariun to eminence among hiS country
men.
Edecatioit of Utisbauds.tiu4
Punch gives-us an • excellen t article on' "the
. Education of Husbands," worthy of the best
da -s Of Caudle—as follows : •
How suggestive is the new "year of bills,
and the (Ali' of housekeeping I It is:fearful
to reflect how many persons rush iuto matri
mony totally unprepared for the awful change
thatawaita thein. A man may take a wife
at twenty-one, betel.° be knows the ditfereqce .
between a chip and a Leghorn. Wo would no
more grant a =triage lice t nse to 'any body
simply because he was of age, than a license
on that ground only, to practice as an apoth
ecary. Husbands ought tobe educated. We
would like to have the following Auestions
pit to young inexperienced persons about :to
marry. .
. Are you mate sir, of the price of Coal and
candles . . •
:Do yOu know which is the more 'economi
cal, t h e flitch bone or the rouni .
How far young man, will a' leg of mutton
go iu a small family f' - .
llow much dearer now is shyer than Brit--
ase giro 111 e average price of a four post
cr I
Declare, if• you can, rash youth, thesum
per annum that'chemisetts, pelerines, cardin
als, bonnets, veils, caps, ribbons, flowers, gloves
cuffs, and collars, would come to in the
lump. ,
' If unable -to answer these inquiries, we
would say unto him, "Go back to school.",
lie that would be a husband should under
go a training, physical and moral. .11e should
be furtivr examined4hus : •
Can you read and Write amid the noise!and
yells of the nursery.
•
Can you wait any given time for break
. fasts
Can "Yciu maintain yonr serenity during a
washing day 1 , •
Can yon cut your old friends I
Can you,stand being contradicted in the
face of all reason I -
Can you:keep your temper when you are
not listened to
Can you do what you are told without be
ing told why
.111 one word young sit, have you the pa
tience of Joh I
If you can lay your band upon your heart
and answer "yq," take your licenic and mar-
ry—not else.
To this a lady writer makes the following
addenda under the head of "Questions-to a
Girl before marrying'—in the Newark Daily.
Are you aware of the piice of cigars, clubs,
and oyitens I
Do you know how to make a piece o
tough dry meat, rich,. and juicy, and ten.
der !
Can you "get up" an abundant , tasteful
and savory dinner,on short notice, and with
twenty-five cents , in your pocket I
Can you bear to frequent presentation of
bills with no mosey to meet them 1
, Is your wttdibbe well stocked.? expect not
to have it often replenished
Can you bear' with the cries of children,
pinched by outgrown shoes
In one word, have you twice 'the patience
of Job? • -
A YOUNG gLIN'S CUARACTER
,Xoyoung - nian who,hasa just sense of his
own value will sport with his own character:
A watchful regard to his character In early .
youth will be of inconceivable value to him
in . all the reinalniiig years of his life. When
tempted to deviate from strict propriety of de
portment, he should asic bim self, "Can • I atf,
or 4 this! Can I endure . hereafter to look
back on - Chia r.
-It is of mating Worth to a young man to
tome w pure Rawl / for ibis is the foundation
.of &pure character. The mind in order to
be bept.pure must be - employed with lop*
Of thought *hick are themsetres lovely; 'ass
toned and 'elevating._ Thus the mind - bath in
its own pgWeT ,010 lefee*lf or its th emes of
ineditetiee. Iflouth only knew. how dura
biesta4itoe 4i ? I is. the injury produced by
attaana dintltn, Sornin!, #ie
the indulgence or ilegrnded thought—if . they
only realized, howl frightful were! the Moral
depravities. Which 'a cheri.xliea habit of loose
'imagination prodnees'en the soul, they would
alma them as the . 'We a a ,serpent. The
power of books to excite the imagination is a
fearful element off, moral death, !when em
ployed i n the service 'of rice. •
'The cultivation saran atniable, elevated and
flevling heart, alive' to all the ticatitieszvf na
ture and all. the stkialititTes of truth, invigo
rates the intellect; gives to the inde
pendence of baser passions, and to [the affec
tion, that power of - adhesion to whatever is
pups, and grand, and good, whichl is adap
ted to lead.out the Whole nature or man into
those scenes of action an impression,i by which
its energies mai be rnot effett artily lemployed
and by which Its high destination may be
most effectually . reached. • .
The faculty of, exciting - these fiictilties in
beneVotent and self-denying efforti, for the
welfare of our felloW-men, aro.so Many 'and
great that it is really - worth while to live.,
The heart that is, truly; evangelically benev
olent, may luxuriate in an age like this. The
promises offered are. : inexpresbidly rich, the
main tendency of things so manifestly in' ac
cordance with them,' - `the extent of 'moral in
tluenee is so great and the effects f its em
ployment so visible, that whoever aspires af
ter benevolent rictiou, and readies for
things that remain for us;to the true 'dirndls
-
of his nature, can find free scope for his
ect, and *all inpiring 'ilkenies for the heart. •
ADDUESS
• • Td . '
PEOPLE OF PENNSYLV;INIA.
.
FELI.9IV• CITIZENS : ' i
,r • 1
The • Central , Cotinittee, appointed. by
~ . 1
the . Democratic: State Coavention, have
ought ,proper t rou on tho ques-
Lions which you musT, decide at thit tik!xt elec : -
don. In doing so ► the shall tie• tandid, frank
and fair: Apart frant the principt,e which
should bind all men to the' truth in; political
discussions, and in every thing else i we are
well aware that any attempt to mislead you
would injure our .catise. It is' nearly three
months before the election, and theye is no
reason to 'relieve, that , the public mind *ill
not use the intermediate time in con-
sidering the great tneasures before lit. We
arc perfectly willing ;that whaterer,l we may
say which is net justified by fact and reason,
shall beset down aa'so rnur,b against Us, a
gainst our pt rtyy and against otn! candid
.
ates.
e Mime has passed for the discussion of
Badk and Tariff qtri.stion , .. We hear no pro
posals to enact a Dania upt law 7 , -nci word of
opposition to the Independent Treastiry. All
these questions aye settled agreeablY to the
Democratic opi4ons upon them, 'fhe rise,
the prosperity, and. the fall of the great Whig
party, are themo for the historian, and foul of
instructive less4tis ;'lmt we will not dwelt on
them now. - 1 , - /
It is the present ; duty of the Deluocratie
party to stand titer _the Constitution, and
"shield it and . Save it; or perish there, too."
It is our task campain to boat its ene
mieg, separate pr combinedjustaSthey dboose
to - conquer think with an overthrow 'that will
be a warning,to them for my a year. And
it must be ddi . e,or this Union'is not safe fora
day. . „
We know how easy it is to sneef at any
suggestion ofdanger to the Union. i But we
know also, that the" federal relatioUs pf - this
Government dare so' delicately constructed,
that tbey - rottY be ruptured at any tithe, by a
Serious error Of the people in choosing a Chief
Magistrate. :The States of the Union are not
held togetherly physical force like the
..de
pendencies of a Kingdom, nor even by politic
al power, liWdifferent parts of the same State.
They are independentsovereigutiec, United by
the gentler law of mutual attracti9n. This
law, operating on- their own free will, made
the Union, and when it ceases to operate the
Union will tie unmade. Let .a President of
the United States be elected excluiiively by
the votes of brie section, and on a principle of
avowed hostility to the men, the ineaSures, the
domestic institutions; the feelings, and the in
terests, real er supposed of the' otheti section,
and what must be the consequence f We do
not say that it would certainly or necessarily
dissolvethe Union. Perhaps the gPod gen
ius-of the I.4public,. which si has brought us
through so many perils, might save is again.
Buithat man, must be intellectually blind,
who does not!see thatit would put us in feare
ful danger. For this reason the election of a
sectional candidate must be regarded as in
itself a great public mil-fortune. The party
th4t avows opposition and hatred Owards a
certain class of the States as its motive and
rule of action; is entitled to no aid or com
fort from aqmatt that loves his country, or
dires to be faithful to its governme9t.
The greateit, the wisest and the best men
this country ever produced, have 'warned us
lila the UniOn could not last undeethe con
trot of a geographical party. Need we se
mi nd you of the admonitions which idirerson
.and Jackson have . given I If.the solemn voi
ces which collie from the tomb al, Mobut Ver.
itoui from the ',set tits'ye at Monticello, and
from the gravi; at cite ,Ifensitage, haVe ceased
to heVegarded, then we are, keit i9deed.
The most 'illustrious' stitesmett .9f , later
• •
times felt the same fears for this Union, and
assigned, for those fears the same reason. Clay
and ,Websteri.': snd their great coapattiou !
overlooked all Sather considerations in , the of
torts they' made to avert this one , portentoui
taiamity. Etat Mr. Fillmore,. the; KtIQW*,
Umber 11 1050
Nothing (but Anti-Abolition .candidate, ,bas
not hesitated to say that the Union cannot
stand in case an Abolition candidate like Fre
mont, be choten ; and he lets it he very
plainly uhderstood that, in such a case; be
would think a dissolution of it perfectly jus
tifiable. When cop consider these things in
connection with the fact that the ultra-Abo
litionists, most of whom are acting with the
so called Republican po4, openly profess
their desire to break up the Union and tram
ple on the Constitution, how can you doubt
that Fnunotit's election, or 'evenruiting con
siderable of a vote for him, would prove to be
a fatal mistake.
Yet we are no alarmists. We trust confi
dently iu. the perpetuity of onr,present Gov
ernment. But that confidence is based in the
conviction that the people will take the ad
vice of Washington, and frown indignantly on
the fresh da - % tens.
The safety of this Union must depend - on
the triumph of better principles than those of
Giddings and Sumner, and Garrison, and
llaleiand Seward ; and upon the election
of a' better President than John C. _ Fre
mont.
These nreh attempt to justify the miserable
crusade which they are preaching against a
portion of their fellow citizens, by asserting
that the South have encroached on the rights
of the North. They have pertinaciously . de
clared that. in all controversies on the subject
of Slavery, we
. .of the North have been over=
come, by the superioi euergy of •those who
favor that.: institution. "The -Staveoeraci;
"the lash-of tht glare drivers . ," "the aggress
ionsi of the Slave- power," these aretbe'
s! , t with which they . describe the latieneo o
'tie Solidi in our Nntiotil Count:Us. Northern
men who do not, join them in theirclamerou/
abuse of the South, are chaiged with cowardice
and habituallY callea“D,oughfaces." This has
been repeated se impud ently
that
and se epnd ( ently
that many persons have at length been im
.
pressed by it. There are men among us who
actually think .that the North rha.. / 3'. been the
victim of grievous wrong, to w / liich we have
been submitting with: . disin,eetui tameness
of spirit. This is an artful appeal to a . point
of honor on WhiCh all inetrare sensitive, and
it is not wonderful that,those who are weak
enough to be deceived / by it, should also be
weak enough to brea,k out into denunciation
of the South, as a cheap and safe way of shor
ing their 'cottrage. .
Candor recites us to say that if there -is
truth in this the Democracy ought to be de
feated. If that party has ever counselled sub
mission to/wrong, oppression, and injury, itis
not worthy of your confidence and support.
If we, - have ever yielded to our Sonthern
brethien a right which the Constitution, in
its letter or spirit, did not gi ve them—if we
haVe made any copm-sioit to them in the way
Of compromise, which was not required by
a fair and manly sense ofjustice—then we od
mit that abolitionism has the rigid side of
this argument.
Hut we totally. deby the truth
dent accusation. It is false in the aggregate
and false in detail ; false in every one of its
We pronounce it a libel on both act
ions of the I.Tnion. "It muld built IA inven
ted in a spirit of sheer mendacity; fit
can be believed only - by gross ignorance or
childish credulity.
The fact that' the Demotitttle party iwthe
North has,behaved with honoiable magnan
imity and fairness to the: weaker section—
their brethren in the South-this is our crimf!
-this is the wrong whitkgre and our fathers
have been heaping on our OWII beads for three
quarters of a century. This is the offence
which the Abolitionists Would punish by
bringing our Government to a violent end, and
by covering our whole country with shame
and ruin. .
Before the formation of the Constitution, it
was feard that the interests, opinions and feel
ings of the different States' . were so various
and so much opposed, that no general gov
ernment could possibly be estaglished. Such
was the-view of the subject taken by Washing
ton himself but the - effort was made. It owes
its success simply tithe fact that the right of
each State to manage its onn _domestic. con
cerns, in its own way, was fully conceded.
It was easily forseen that great difference of
opinion and feeling would exist, between the
people of the several States, in regard to the
treatment that ought to be bestowed on the
black race,:who were among us, but not of us
L---who were on our soil, and yet nut a part
of the peopleraOr qualified in anyway to be
our equals. This race was then held in slave
ry, or inveluntary servitude, by thilawspf alt
the State. except one. But in the Worth their
numbers weie few, mid the 'climate unsuited
I to them, while in the South it was just the re.
I verse. It was utterly out of the • question to
expect unanimity one subject like this. It
could be managed in one way only ; and That
Was by•agreeing that each State should deter-
mine the whole natter for itself,- and on its
own responsibility. It was tl.eh solemnly a- .
greed dist
. the Federal Government should
not interfere' with Slavery, and that no State
should interfere with it in another State,eith
erdireetly:or-indirectly, And all the peoPle•
said amen I If the solemn, natttranees of mn4
tual forbearance then giVeni and sworn to so
often Ante, have %in belied and violoted, :ft
hats not been &due alb the consent of the
Nmocracy. •
The 9ueStieti. of involnntag siutitude , had
engaged the earnest.auentioU.ef the sages ef
the' revolution. , - Theta can le, no`detibt that .
if the y could -have provided •-fin‘ - its arneliOM
tion And gradual entanelpati t en, they-,would
have done so. They found it, however, in.
corporatel in the social system of alt the
states but one, and they dealt with . itinccor
ding to the exigenciof the timelin which
they,tiVed. We all know that eVen_iit that
early day it was a subject ot mutual irrita- .
Con and excitement; and although the won-,
derful uses to which "the cotton plant\ has
been applied, on account of the subsequent
disceveriea in the =mut:mauve of machinery
were then scar* anticipated, it is enough
to shy , that the republican fathers could not
dispose of this slavery question until they
agreed upon the basis which led to the for
mation of the Cohstitution ; the reeognkiby
of the domestic institutions of the southor
the ratio of representation, and in. the prchis
ion ter the restitution of fugitives &Ca/labor
Twelve of the thirteen Sthtts tLlt foroied the
Constitution, held slaves at tlti; trine that in
strument was adopted, and h the quitt oli
eration of their poptilar exuhroVe sovereign
ty six of these States have since become - free.
Throeghont all the action of the 'framers of
the fg:deral Constitution, the idea whit% pre
vailed was that which. 7garded the negro as
infettor to the . white, and until AbolitiOnism
is able to convince / the present generation I ,
that' this idea is ilhigital and lintrlie,) and-to
do this they must agree to the doctrine of a .
perfect equality-between races,) all per
, manont legislation th the subject of the ne-i
gro rade must and will be, controlled by the
same 'sentiinent. In the free States, at the
present i day, the negro is subject to a moral,
and inimany.resp . ects to a physical servitude,
quite as injurious to his Condition as . the
most .fabulous pictures of Southern :slavery
represent hisbrotlitr's tohditioh in the South
to be We do not call the Northern , negro a
slave, but in what free :State is he theequal
of the white f . In some Stotts be is preVtn
ted from voting, in others he votes upon
property qualification; even in Massachu
setts certain disqualifications are thrown in
his irayby those Utopian philosophers, wire
constantly prate of theequality of , the races;
in others still he is met by a statute that ex
cludes him altogethet ilvin entrance upon
their soil ; and Hutto is he recognized on
the same level with.. the white. The white
who iaiermarries with the black is every
where regarded as a degraded being and in
schools and diththes there lt almost a uni
versal bar bdtteeti the two razes, so that the
Titles of society and the laws of 'the States;
Oren in the cotiimuditia tho horralavehtil
ding region, aro inexorably opted to the
negro. Why is it that Abolitiiiiiisiifloes ii6t
begin at home and 'reform thase things I
13ut.again, there ia no power 'Alia . can
prevent any State from passing whituver laws
it luny please under the- Federal Qmstitu
tion, fur its own Coinfortandprottdtion, and
the very same theory which , induces us to
respect and to recognito the great doctfitie
of State rights in the South, undet 'which it
holds its own shires, compels us also to rec
°grate those laws id widen we have tefinted
in the North, in regard td the free blacks:
The North regulates its eolored popiilation as
it pleaSe.s, - atul is protected in - doiitg so_ by
the Consiitution of the United'Mates: All
the cegtoes Uf the North are teittebe s nted in.
the ratio of federal representation, and yet
nearly all are disfranchised and alienated by
the laws of the North. The South dOes as it
pleases . with its tutored population, stave and
free, a r ttd is protected under the Federal Con
stittition, but its slaves are only represented
in the' ratio of threelfths itt the federal rep
resentations
In II moral point of view, it seerrul'atlleitst
inconsistent that these Abolitionists, who are
entirely silent in refettme,e to this C , onditidn .of
the negroes in the free States, should be so
extremely vittiperatite when they come to
treat of the condi ti on-of the tWgroes of the
slave States: Both belong to tbe-sirnoinfe
rior.class, both are so regarded in all the
States. The South found a legacy hi slavery
transmitted to it by its English ancestors,
and the C,nstitution respected , the histitn
tion as it existed when that nutriment was
framed. The North, while it has rid itself of
slavery, (so far as the name ,is concerned(
still ratains the right to protect Itself against
contact with a race which is , stamped as in
feller by all classes of whites wherever they
are, found. -
Northat States, in the exeleiso,of
heir undoubted tsobstatuiiionitl right, .consul-
ed ,wbat they deamed their q*ntnte interest,
and, one after the other, in their oath tithe and
their own way ' abelished slavery. Against
ibese proceedings in the North the South
uttered not a word of complaint.
.Bitt the
views and zpinions of the Southern States.
were wholly averse to abolition. , They he: In 1880, this cry *if Southrea aggression
Hoed it to be utterly impossible, without the on Ntirthisra rights agaiii rose lb a pitch
greatest danger, not to their prosperity only which wined to put the Union in extreme dais' .
but to their very exigence; This was an ger. Aisinilte trouble was allayed by a corn
, , _ _
• they
opinion to . w hich had as good a right , ,pormise. The iiaturei character and terms of
as-the North had ,to the' _ opposite one. "But the Com promise will anC" 6.4l °W much agr,res
they Were not suffered to eujny
‘. rind ',to mit glen hrid beim cOmmittedthen, There were
uP oo.6 :in quieineef -% A Peace-t the yeti five measures included hi it. I The ridthissiori
firs t Congress after the geTeiM* - got was.ON n t' ailit° ! nia 45 a 'l'l ' o9B6 u..
.2. The tern%
ganixed, a petition from the' North Was pre- tatial organization of _Nevi Mexico on thil
rented; praying for the abolition of,slavery by principle of nonintoritattott, - *ltch it:wsi
ethigtesit Treacherous attemphi deprive would exclude Amoy. 3. The',
the South of her undoubted tights.;to,unia! purchase tra large portion ofj/sgas,
age ; h er olio _ a g a in ' , have been canstantiy. Wig-. froth the jurisdietion•of slate strata.'
wi de, 1 1%e - f r amers of the 6onetitiation de- 4. The abolition of the slave `trade in the
dared% its preamble, that one of,illol , :Oat ztelitriet of Cotunddit; , ZU k T, f ug i t i ve slave
obieetain adopting it *a* “_to denies - `law."Tate first four of thei- meam i res , were an .
- t re oquility." Itut the -Se dementia trail iiioaverY, and were deity raided by the . North,
g ills?' of the Sends hasheetiooostmettt and The. iirth o . ne, (the fugitiin stave law) was a
tl4 - but to the Con=
ruelly aF.F.alled
.by Northern Abolitionists, c°nesii43ll):!lot thee. Sou
otatriii,l4;',i-ii. : sin.tk#.... - 0.:
• ~
who kew Veft well thiii they had na basl.
basewhateser with tha , matter.-
„
A. majoritrafjdl,#4States nude the no.
greets free withont L epiesition from abroad.
That it was wise for the ;forth to do so Alt
agre.ed ; that it as just arid Pioper
the sOtith to makecomplaint ip .
true .ICeir let us see whether tho South bat .
gained any advaliages committed Any
tvarlsionm with , reference to the new Statv:
Alain° and 'Vermont were _admitted as fret:: -
Spites., and nobody asked ti - 40 ,... t0 put 'briery
inta thbir Constitutions. This was a mattai
o ou.rse,, and so -treated all round:
-But with,reference to the Western States;
tileirczemption from alaver:y was not 'Cm:ti
ter of course. The South Might hav'e preven
ted it if she had - secs proper. The whole of
the territory north and west of the Ohio, awl
east of the Mississippi,- belonged folio . State
of Virginia. She owned the land, - tricklutd
power tti control the settlement of every..
acre. What did she do I She' magnaiii:
ittoUsly gave tip ndt wily - her political jurir;
diction, but also lief proprietary' right4o-thki"
Federal Government, allowing the voters of
the North to settle its destiny, and all itzi
- proceeds 'to go into the general coffers. Cow
necticut had a spurious claim to . a-part of it
—a claim petite!) , like that which ahead.
up to a part of PennsylVania, and which wai
decided against her. Bur. her clahn to thil
Wedeln Re...erve, *As conceded to her—tifikt
kept it, sold it, and - put the' proceeds %Usher'
own treasury. Virginia did not protest eyed
when the. Ordinahce of 1787 was parsed;
abolishing Slavery within the territory, which
she had thus generously s given away. Wii.4
there-any aggression in 'All this 1-1 f then;
was " enctilachment" cut eitheiside, whocorn:
witted it I If there was a wise concession;:
froth- whom did it comel
The Territory of Louisiana, including. What
is now Arkansas; MisscUri, Iciwa, Nebraska;
Kansas, and th % unoccupied , iirikleinCisie:
yond, *as . purchased from France in I #o3-
t was all tlave territory. We took it with
a French law upon it lvaliaing slavery. It
cows dot be made free without repealing tire .
law: Missouri bad been settled 'long befori:.
by persons., who owned slaves and who had
heit them there upon- the faith of \ the la*:
They were not distdrhd ddring her who!
existbfice its till- organized territory. shed
She proposed to come t . into - thett • ' ' as a
won
State, her people, in the exercise of-as plain :t
rid& as ailjr people ever. Possetised, niade
Constitution for theniselves, in which, with
almost entire unanimity, they recognized th'
rights of the slaveholders-to retain the proil- -
etty- acquired under previous laws. Then arosi
the wildest yells of faEdicism. Large mass
es Ofpectislti in the North; and *especially in
New 2ogland, led on and "excited by the id-
ilanumitory appeals of their haders Ere* at L
Blest frantic: rage::' Yhe solo erase of -
this outcry was that the people of idissond
had made - tlieiiown donstitutionittaiiit•their
own views, and had not perniiteed it to lx _ -
made for thew liq antislavery Illt;t1 residing itt.
the Northern States. This was-the hea4 and
front a their offending. Nothing else wac
charged againgt,them., Yet every Southern -
‘ member of Cony w ho the opin.
ton that Missouri Wad a right to make it&
own constitution trap called an.. aggressor it
_Blare driver and 'a tyrant, while every North-
I ern man who assented to' the . same
proposition was denounced and Abused**
d donghfaca ana a recreant
to the rights of his - own section. So
fiercely did this storm of calumny•bigir tiat
the whole govenurient Incited and reeled to its
There &tented no way , lef: to avoid a . war
but to compromise. And each s 'coniptn
raise I It consisted in au igreement that
Missouri might exercise; tot andoubted right,
and have her own constitiftion if Congress
would abolish the taw legalizing slavery in all-
of the territory outside of thst - State and ly
ing north of a certain -That Congress:
bad any power to dd ttlis is now almost uni,
%%mmHg doubted, and by, a large Majority of
the peoplojk . is totally denied that slavery
can be ftsteed; either in or out of a Territory ;
by the legislation of the General ,GovernMent,
Thus by mere claMer and:abuse the , North
got.an unconstitutional ailyaritagee in return
for yielding to §otithern State a , privilege
which no fair man can deny: !anidainly hes
oirn. But even this did not =datisty the- Abcr
lidonista., They Ontirktted tb insult the South
for hot giiiing..up everj:thint, - vented
their abusive and 4110qt:one epithets as vig
orously as ever upon the North because it.
lead; hot insibted on wore. 'Was this Northern
or Southren aigrondoof •