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' ''
at' ' ' . 4 '
-'I .- 4,.: -:: .:.:.....;. 4.--.. -.,•., '.-...,1-‘.....„,..
afy heart adli clings to. that , sweet. childi .."
I 01 04 1 1 see-Ilint-noir t' • .-: ,-.-,.
:A . ,i wheu,the ref, fint:of,health,
iferstievad 'his youthful brave.... , -.
~.,
:fu thought ; j See thoie featiresliright,
- Replete with
. htitnrattiox ;
But, eh! •disailbNirith drat' ly blight : , .
.;• Siiiireetot - . the' lively boy.-=
!lon • againtl=AlasT hti's no* ! -
W. th 'Sickness lylng low,' -•• ..; • ,-, -
}IN cikeekks, health's rosy hue have kit—
W 41) i'vertsh , heat they glow, •_.
Nis dttninld yet lustibtis_eyes reveal,
A trpiri:Cfree frottrataln;
___ . _ ... -
at see,•=—Death cotnes . ".;;-there*s no appeal,
That ftesone can restrain. . . ' •- ‘.
4 brdi tiore I gaze .upon his bet:, ''..,
1 *iii`tteeks have ceased to gloti,
itteattila 10 fing , erhAs congealed '
1 'Lifl'i*tYelit it; its iii)W; ..
Ithoughlini6w with grief] shed a tear, -
(F
1N . th•sati/14reave a sigh; _ \
.I kne "Night=artrtils haiering near . -, •:$'
ICO d uet his son! on high.' • - ,:.- J. F. a
St. J. seph'i College Susq Cti. - Pa., Dec '55.
t. fr
' - iI # .IPItIB,SiDENT.VItiIIeSSAGE, ;
... Pimi.:rettiiinveills-! Senate and House of
- Rep . r'''. . ttitet t• • . . • . - .
..•• .1. . • . .
The - nin...,titoOon' of the United States pro
'vifies il at ' ingress-shall assemble. annually
•oli the kist 1 findav of -. December; and it has .
- be'er. usial 1 or the 7 Piesident to make no emu
tunitienkjonlOta. public charaeter - to' : the Sett-.
:ate and Huse of - ReprPsentativeik - until ad
yiied of then- reidiness to receive it. -I have
defer n
re.i. tol his usage until the eloSe Of the
fistmo th I f the session, but my eoiivietionic
ofdut v vyiliti‘ - 4 perniit me longer to poStpone .
the diOiar e of the . obligation enjoined by
'the, OAStif ticin upon the President " to give
t
to' the CO ressinformation of the state of
"-the Oiion and recommend to their eoi:-
" Siileratiio'n !Mth meastire.s'as - he shall judge
" neee4trylnadY , exp - e.ilient.7'....
It is butt er_of congratulation tbnt the Be
pabliels trimiquilly . Jed vancing itt - t Career of
ptp . spentv:np4'peace.: :, •,. -.. .-_
Fogel l o, l i i.F.l. ATI ONS.-7—CENTRA I. : A SlikilLe .4. _!
INV i 01,e CO :1110r lf •-1' e - •
a: re a. , us,ot amity, continue to exist,
b4iveei the', • United States- and:
_all foreign
powersl with some of them grave questions
arj:dependi4g, which inay require the consid
erationlrf, ; ongre s s..
Pf st eh
iiitestions, the most important is
that which !has arisen out of the negotiations
with G est. !Britain. in reference to , Central
•Aineri-e .1 - , . , . ,
By t i le le nvention concluded between the
t t.w6 . oevern . ents'ori the 19th of April, 1850,1
both iu4tiez4 m
covered that " neither• will ever"
" OccuPv, o, fortify, or colonize, or assue or .
r
"eitercie ait i , dontinion ovetlNicaragtot, Cos-1
. 4 * ta Rica, the lifoinplito coast, or arty' art of
~C entral Ai erica." - - I. - -
it was.th Undoubted understatt4itigorthe
t rt
I.7nited it;ta, '.,,s in making this treatT, that-all
the,,present ; t tates of the former Republic of-
CentrarAtn rka, and the entire territory of
ea t :h would thenceforth enjoy- complete in-:
dT L e i'ide l nee" - i, and that both contracting, par--
ties en,gag i equally, and to the same extent,
...1 l
forithe pres t and for the future; that if ei
ther then ,hail atty.cluim of right in Central
Atnerica," slid, .chiiin. atul all -c,,,,v.m r .t=t7&r,r,
,authoritv . .under it, were unreservedly relit)-
.- qutslierl 'by , t lie stiionlations of the convention;
and that nojdomtnion • was thereafter to be
exercised orLas• sumed in any part of Central:
AMericti by i -• Great 'Britain or.- the. United
- StAtes. 1 l' .n
This Gore tueniCon.sented to restrictions
in regard toll
legion of Country. Wherein ...‘.e
haa specificiatid . peuuliar interests, only:op-,
onjthe tionvitiott , Ual,' the like restrictions
'wee in the ham sense_ obligatory on Ureat': ,
Britain. 111,it. for _ this understanding of the
foree and ctl'et of 'the 'convention, it would',
never hsve `'• • n concluded: by us. - ' •- ' '
So tkir- ,as ,'this tinti erg.tandirt on the
hie
part of tile! ! tilted States, that, in Correspint
deiice e•kent - Pora — PEV - tie trill) the ratification of
the cotiventiOn, it was
.distinetli,exptws.ed•
thit the hint al covenants of- non-oectipa.tion
• were not int . ' ded to . ' apply - to the British m
la lislunent i t the Belize - This 'qualifies-.
tio .is to be! ascribed to the fact, - that, in_
It f
virtue o - end treaties- with previous
sm l ereimis :oil
,untiy • theeb Great Britain had-'
1 e.! Li
- obtanedlaitii?ncession of the right to cut pm
hokany for !dye-woods at the . Belize, but with .
poti tive ie,xelnsion of all domain or sovereign-,
ty ; such thus; it couftrtusthe
an naturaleonstnic
tion dtunderstOod import of the treaty' as. -
ii i
to ill the restof the region to which the stip
ulaticmsapplied.
It hoWever bseatne . apparent, at .an early -
da4;f te
atrentering.opott the _disc itarge of, my
preserillotWionSq - that Greafßritaiii!still eon-'
tinned in the exercise: or -assertion of lame
e.
•!!• ri,
aathorttv in, all that Tart of, Central .A.trierica
eoeitn4lf,etilleil the thisquitti Coast; and
coiering the • entire length of the. State of
Nicaragua-, and apart of Costa Rica;
,that
:she regarded ilie-Balize - is her abselute do
,lnOrt; and Was gr l adually extending its limits
:at the eipetise' of the State of Honduras; and
ithat s'hel had' form - 0 7 11y colonized ‘a considerit
'tblyi insular groni*nowa as the,Bity Islamist
-and lielengiug, of right, to that State.
Ail these. acts or preteu lions of: Gmat,.Brit
..iiti. kiiibgfeentiary tothe rights of the States
of petitial,Arnetiitai - and to , the manifest !ten
or 'of heit stipuhttions with the -United States;
as !understood by ttivito - tenonict ii:lvii beill I
' rutide OW 86ject of ne i v4i,o.ti -in lit rough .1 lie-
Ath'etiaO Minister in...l4tition: I ''triitistnit'
`teewitfith, instructions t,O:.hixtt,on the, sub-,
jest, an cl tie_correspondence 1141 iaf!cti , - "7 , - liiin -,
.and thel if llolish'lß.ticretttry foe: goreign,...U-';
faits, 11 :Whlolryou wplperceive tliattlietwo.
Governittente.ditief widely and irreconeilablv:i
as-to the constiitetiOtt of ~!the convention:oral
Its effeut on : ,,their respective 'relation i tii Ceti-
:... - tri fittnericira. -0 - - • " ` . - '-' - '
Preat . Biititiii..,s6 construia_ the convention 1,
461 -lo 1.4010 ncban
tUin utid ' L an 'tier - "previon;4 '
'PretcurP l 4icver -. the
Mosquito - ',(omm, Radii?
different: parts of Central: America.. , !Theme ,
:p etensionsi-tin to - _the'MoSgailo 'Coast, ,are
fi t u t'ded itteaa ssut of ii)iiiii34l - telli.-
xi'on betWeert Gri remnants t Bntain and the remnants
'4 'a
tribe 4 I9dians-en that eoast,•eittettei.itv . -
In at iititnti when the whole countrt siasAla -
1 .
cP!owi 1 lxlisession a simen It too
._ . . -cannot
np I I Y- controverted that, by the pat);
4.-
1 1 .c Py of Europe and America, no potaiVe '
o, k. ,' snott, ;., bdiatus Or their predecemmx,
could °weir cm Great "Britaiu .467 i f olitied
riChtif, ,', • ':
Foe zgs •PEMOCR AZ;
Gicat Briiiiin iiiieit'itof allege the assent of
Spain . ita-thel Origin' (Ober eliiiinsciin - the-lgo4-
quito cease! She - .! • haii, :on - •the• cowl:Bq t , hy
repeated:a4 . ,su"ciessi9 4 , treaties, miimmeea,
- •aiiii; ; Felitiqtti:alied;all...: pretetisions ; oft. her own,
and •tegogniiitpl theltillaodo,sovereign-.rghts
of §painin.,thejtpost :fttiequi - ocallertnti. : Y,O,
;!!PPPPIPIRPI,,Iqns. o o.ticiiit solid ,fo . v.tida= ,
lion lo,..qte..begi . aning,;iiiid , thus, ;<rNpeeteozi..lY
,adjureil. vere...4t . k f ieceati,, - Period-. te.y..ivet) - , by
-d•reat'ltritaiii agairist : the,Ceritral.-Aineriian
_§,tates.tbelegi,ooll.4keT:tapipeASON:, 0,10 ,the
anciept, jurisdiction', Ot Spain, in : that region.-
They . .wit-e t .tiost aitplii4 only to
_a - ihifineil.
part of gie.,;coaSt 0f,,-Niceriigua, afterward to
the . w,hol o e,pt'ilts_Atlentie - coat, and lastly. to'
apart of., th
,Coast ..Of Costa Rica; and. they
are now: reasSerteitto this :extent, notwith-
standitig eikOifnients to the United' States.
: . On 'the : eas eto . coast:of -, Nicaragua. -and
: Costa •Ricri,;the.intetference of Great Britain
_though exerted ..at'one- thue.•in the form_of
.military occupation Of the port. of Sictritiltit
del -Norte, then in the peaceful poses ion of .1
..L., -
..,, r: - .proprhite authori;;es 6f the Central . ;
American S6ites, is ii,; , ,w presented by .Iter.as I
.the rightful exercise of '• a' protectorship offer
the Nosquttd, tribe -of; Indians.
;--.•'•But •the establishilient at - the Eltilize„ now
reaching far beyond it treaty limits into'the
State of tlonduras, iii4l that of the Bar'lsl
ands, appertaioing, of to the same State,
areas -distinctly. Colonial 6-ovenament s -es
those Of Jamaica •or • Caiiada, and therefore
contrary to !the very letter as well. as the
spirit of the 'convention- with the -Ignited
States as it wits at •UM time of ratification,
and now is, understdodlky. this Government.
The interpretation which the .13ritish Gov
ern men t, thus in assertion ;and. act persists in
ascribing-to- the:convention,. entirely cliti . ilgei
its character. i Whileitl.liolds us• to all our
obligations, it. in n.grea4 ineds• relea.es
Great-Britain from tho Sig irliicl constitute.!
i tttl
the consideration of thislGoverriktent for en
teringinio 'the convention.' It. is impo:;sible,
in :my judg-ment,for the -I,Tiiited. - States to at
fiuiesce. in.. sueli a :construction •of the resipec
'live relations 'of the
...tWo Governments: to
Central • :‘mciricit.
••, • .
TO a .retwwed ca ll by this . Governinent.nl)-
.
on Great Britain to
w ide : by and carry into
'effeet. - the stipulations.Of the, conve'ntion
l'cording tOiis obtiousimphrti h wi ri k w
„log frfint . colonization ,01.
of the Central :ArneriCau.States of
UotaluraF; Nicat . ragtia an 4 Costa Rica, the
' Britisil.Government, has 'at length . _replied
affirming that,the operas-ital . of the.treav is
ptoTective only,.aud- did tint require .Great
Britain to abandon or contract any posses- .
Aims field bv:herin Central Atuerica at the
date Of its conciti,•ion.
This repiy substitutes a partial
.issue,
lhephice of theieneral one presented by. the'
United .States.,,:..The . 13ritish Goveinment
pas over :the question:of the riglits
Great.'lLi Lain; Jeal ,Or Mitiposetl; in'. Ce n tra I
America, and!' asatitne 'that she had suclt
riirlisi4 at the
. date of the treiity,,and that. theise
tightscomprehrlded ; the protectorship of the
Musquitti - Indians, the,. otteUded jut is4ictiOn
and limits of the :lialize.,:'and the colony of
'the Bay Wands, and - thereupon proceed:4 by
implication to inter, ha!,ll the stipulations
of thi f treaty be. merely future . in effect. Great
liritaiin may still •contintie to hold the con
tested portions of.. Central America. The:
'United States:caunot admit either:the infer : .
ence . or the ty'
inat....at the date of the treaty, Great Britain
had any . pus4essions there, o:her than :the
limited and peculiar establishinent at the
maintain that,,if. l , She had any, 'they
were surrendeted by the convent-ion:
This Government, ree,ognizipg the
.
tion• of the. Treaty-, has of :course desired to
see-it executed in, good faiiii -hy poth parties;
atia.in the disC.l.lSsi on; therefore, look
edtti rights, which we might assert, indepen
dently of the tr t
u_..conz.ii.kintiOu of 'our
position stud oftither circum
stances .Which create for" us relapons to' the .
Cetityai. -kinetic-an Staters, different from thwie .
'of any Govertimenti of turepe. • -** -
The 13ritish Gov e: union ; in its
ninniCation, althoughwelllnewing the views
of,the Unitect Status; - ' *tilt declares tint ii
sees no r,eason' why it concilhitork spirit may
net enable the two GOverittiients. to overcome
all'elistacles to ar'satis.fautory adjustment of
. .
the . fzubjvct.
Al.:At/red of-the correctness of the i-On6trtic- -
'lion of the treaty,
.constatitly adhered. to by
this.tiovertinteliQ and ret . 4,lved to insist 'on
the rights ofthe United . slatei, yet actuated'
.alsu by the fame de*Hre which is avowed by
Ihe Witish .;ro!‘ -, rtimettt. tolreuifive all,catises
hf get:jot:4 liiititinder,tatidiqrbetwei•ti two rut-' ,
thous associatealty so ninny ties or. interest
and 'kiiitired,:ithigi appealed ,to me proper
not to consider arnicahle solution of, the
controversy hopeles!. . _ -
There its, however,_ reason,. to apprehend
th it, the- . ?..actital'ocen
pation the: die P -med territoiies, and: the
treaty th e letki p racti (VI rega ids
one 'fights, this' i nternntionil.dillieuity cannot
lon , * remain Undetermined wit hou t i n rot vi
in sedans &timerthe friend v relations 'which
, -
it is the interest n4'l the duty of .both
countries to efier n ridi and pregerve.it will of
focal
-ire sincerel gratification if future efforts
shall- remit ifl the - *nceess -.Anticipated here
tofore 'with' more confidence, than - the 'aspect
Orthe itase permits me nnwqo entertain: ,
' One -.tither- t-object. of• ilisettssion • between
the United States and Britain:has
grown out of the attempt whireli the ttxitZencies
.of the war, *lie engaged :with
- ,nogsia indtret%d.ltet to inake i :t to draw reeruita
from the-United , ..• .
-I t .i s the imiitional lint/ =Fettled poiiei of
the United. Sta4.6'lo magi/Isis .!lupurtigii Al4ll
- d u ring 1,1 4 i• wars vI kk
.frum Aisne to
tiute.c►e4 - among Are :poix'gr , k of ,
l'etfortoirig Id/ the- rlutio 5c41 . 111 ,
Ity;towaril the ropeoive. belirrent States,
we, rosy reasuustqy expect Ahem not, to-iu
ierfgre with. our !lawful enjoyments of its iietk
efitOL:: NotlYith'4 ll o ink lip ilisleneekft'lich
hostiliti t : our citjiens— retain - 4 . he
right:to' tooth:me $ll iitoir-4110itortied pur
suits ty laud or l -by *ea- at noun abroad; .
,
sultiectortly.lo sueblostrluta 'irk this rehi
lion as Lilo /awsof war f theAliage.of 1)010te%
'or-special: ' t reat i es and it iki•
Olar;s9yereign right that otwierniarY . and ill"
40 t be:,iPvAdiCbs:oitlwr
belliPuitt tlietmosit-Pfi their ,
'fi nk ' , the ePe!fitiwls of theirfigeot the l ivy,
of troops fur i l tietr sertioo, ..Ittieg..oit
croullm-brori4reisiVieitielvOi,44orshor
iket,Aripeideotaur por.,, And these o4ulenht."
ble rights of imiutrality; ,; . .ousi
emai l ti4VEketO4l- IStAttowjU nutters* etr-
A "WEEKLY 3`OMINA,L---DE4OTED TO POLiTiCS,,EEWS, LITERATtiIIE, AGRICULTURE,':
- •
umstatees stirrendei.
.In , pursuance of ,t his policy, the. la wtrof . the
.A.Tni.ted States do.not forbili their citizens to
;seat.
the _ .
to either .of belligerent powers, ant
,- •,-,,•,,: ,
: , Cles ceritiaband Of War;lor to take munitions
.of % item' sobbeis on board .theiypriyate, ships
~,,
foritratniportati'on ; and !altPungit;in so doing
*6- inilividuat citizen -mipoi:es his property or
'neniou .to some Of thejtazardsof war, his acts
do not invoke airy breielt ,of 'no:ion:dr
tra nor of themselvep implicate the Grov ! ,
ernment: "!Thui, during the- progress of-the .
present iviir in:: Europe, our citizens, have ;
without 46641 -responOW,ttAherefore, sold.
gunpowder and arms tolliti,l),(yers, regard
less of the deqination ofitfuisg. it ticks. - Qur
. . , .
tnerchantmet-have been, a siill continne
to:be, largely employed by iip,*t Britain And
France, in} trtisporting thin)* provisions,
itrul munitions of war t4 - theibrincipal;seat of
military opelations, and in \ -toil - twee; home
1.,
their sir-Vaud- wounded! sol d iers{ 0 but such
of our mercantile maarine' i *iS'not interdict-:
ted 'either by the : inteinatr nal, Or by our:
Mntricipal law, anti thoet'or4 . does noccom
protnit our neutral relatiOnswithltussm.
But our: Municipal btiv, -in aceordance
•Witli the law of nations,l)eremptorily - forbids,
not 'only foreigners, lintiiar own e iti ze n., to
tit out Within the ,limit:; r.f.the Cnited States
a vessel, tO . connnit 'hosilities against any.
State with which the - Linited Suites are at
peace, or toinerease the Iforce of any foreign
armed vessel intended for such hostilities
against a friendlY State. ! . .
~ •
.' NA hatever,coacern may have been felt by
either of the helligerentlpowers lest private
armed cruisers, or otherlessels
,in the - service
& One, might be fitted MIL in the ports of this
country to'depredate_on the property of the
other, :ill such fears hai:e proved to-lie ut
terly groundless. Our ,itizet)s have 'been
withheld front any such itiet or inuoise try
gOod faith, and by respect for the law. :
1- While the laws of the L TniOn are thus Per
t emptory in theirprobibitton of the equipMent
or arrintment of helligenint " cruisers in our
'poke. they provi;le not less ' absolutely that
tie person shall, within . tie territory- or jnris,
diction of thetnited States; enlist. or enter
himself,: or hireor . rtintinl . another persim to
enlist or enter himself, oil to : go beyond the
limits or jotisdiction of-i the Cuitell States
',vith intent to be eeliste,:i or entered,*in the
service Of iiny 'foreign State, either as a -• : sol- '
diet, or as a . marine. or *Horan on board of
i
any - letter vessel-of-war, of marque, .or priva
• •. ~ .
priva
teer. Anti these imaettnents are al.() n strict
. i‘onformity with the law 1"of nations, witich
declares, that no State has the right to raise
troops for tam! or sea service in another State
without its count ;, and that, Ivhether for
bidden- by- the'irrunieipal 'tw or not„the very
a tt em pt t o .d,i it; v.it I 100ism:la consent, is an
attack on tile,natioind soveteiguty...
'Such being, -Ilse:public :rights, and 'the mu
nivipal law . of the United` States, no solici
,,tride On the stibieet was entertained • :lif the
POvernment, wht-n. a. - year since, - the liti rish
Parliament passed an-act Ito -provide for the
enlistment of fo . reiguers . iii the "military set
vide of theat Britain., • N'Othing ou the face
of the act, or in in:litiblit.J.. history, , indicated
that tl:e British Governmi;nt proposed to at
tempt
United
recruitment in the;
did it . evergive intimation' of such intention
to 1111 s Government. If Was • matter of sur
, -,
pare; therefore, tofind sutwelueruk• -- tti.t - ii;;;;
enwviircovieiirt-4&5.-soo, !vothin th e ;U n i te ,'
1.4t:04 • .-lo proceed to ailifax, •in the British
Province of Nova Scotia, and: there enlist iu
the service of :Great Britain, was going.on
.mciensivelv, with little or no disguise Ordi-
Ha ri- legal-steps were, itionediately taken to
arrest punish parties! concerned, and so
put 'an end to acts Aufringing the municipal
law ail , ' Ilernfratory to Our sovereignty.—
Mean-cadge suitable representations_ on the
subject iii•eie addressed to the British Gov
erment.
Thereupon it.beemne known, he the :i d.
mission of the Blitish GHerinnent tself,•l hat
the attempt - to'draw recruits from this coon-
: -.originated with . it, or at .least had its up=
proval and sanction ; it also appeared
that the 'public agents engaged in' it had
4 stringent instructions" not to violate the'
umnicipallaw of the United Statet.
t fs.diffietilt to understand .how it should
have been supposed that troops could be rais
ed .Great Britain without violation.
of the 'municipal. laW. The titunistakeable
i:bjecit of.the kw was to prevent.evere
ect, whleh, if performed, Must be either in'. vi
oladon of the
ro law, or in. Stndied evasion of.
it • ,
; : ni, tither 'alternative, the act done
would ha injurious to the sovereignty
of the united StateA. .1 •
- Meantime, the matter acquired aditiOn a l
.
importance by the .retruirments in the
•Utii
te4.l. States no: being diseOntinued, and the
dis c l o sgre of the fiet they ere prosecuted
upon d . systetriatic Tian derged by official
authority; that recruiting rendezvous had
been oP l ened cities, and de
pitS- forllle reception of recruits -established
- On our trolitier ;. and the elude' business coil
dneted Under the sui..ervision and by the,reg.
,ularco-:,operaiion of.l3rithdi officers, civil and
some in t h t Not th .Ataerican prov
ineesand.soino in .the United States.. - The ;
eum.Plicity of: those officers in an unds:rtalcing.
mould only. be accomplished
iput4at . vs, throwing sinipiC)onoter-OOr -at
titude of neutrality - , and disregarding our
territorhil rights, is conclusively proved by
Fhe ei•idence elicited on the trial of Stich of
their l 'agnts as -have been apprehended and
Convicted.- :Some of the off - ii":ers, thus iinpli
ated are .of high official 'position, - and many
of.them,tevond our juiidiction, s'o that le
gal proceedings,..eoubl- not reach (he ;source
' , of the mischief.,
Ther ! ,e'consideratious, and the fapt. that_ the
:cans e , ofei,rrtplaint. was not a
. i4Pre casual
-,uccarrvni.te, but a'..ll,4lii*iate _detiga. entered
upon .whip a ftill.,lttO!ledge of our laws and
,national .'policy-,'and conducted by - responsi 7
bte publiCfunctionaries, impelled me to, pre
sent the ease, to the Brith4.(7oerninekt, in
erder.p) seenry.lDot Only a_ possakiun of the
*rung, ht - 4.„ its : reparation, ::"Ilieuljeet
*lift .uute* di usaiun, the result Of. *W e b,
will be catmm~uicBtod tu.}ou'iii 4140
Tepe4 the, reeemmendatien." subs 'tied
to • the . last..Oppgress, that: , ..i!roviiii)n . tirade,{
;ferthe;apisiintment. of a - cotninissinner,
.nonnPetion. wick Great Aritain,.to survey. and
estaljlt~h the botindari,line;:whiA divides the
Territory iar,.Waishington from Llme eUntignous
~Bijtj.sh: p ciss i0n.... reason.PY 4 she-extent.
an 4
:there;lo . oLheeal_itnminent.,4iligir4 . §6lllioon,
• tiei-00,4 .11 , 1) * : i Of 01 *:: 4 4,
b.4 ,1 : 4 4, 1 4 1 004,..-.* l o.P.g.,t l mr„
gut tie e tn . Alit. Visite:: The.
Itlntrat, •citusqueljanlta Vrititta, Cljursitn Rloruiltg, '4'll.lla
, .
prospect of a Speedy arrangement has Con
tributed hitherto to induce on both hides
forbearance to assort by- 'force what each
elaims.as right...contitmanCe fof delay; on
the . part 'of the two Governments
f iat iu
the matter will increase the &angel% and dif
fieulties Of-the controversy.
Mistinderitandimr to -
exists as to th - elextent,-
character and -value of the pos:%ssory rights
of, the lludsoi's Bay Company and the,pro-
Tertrof the • ?uget's. Sound Agricultural
Compatly;_,reserved iu our ..treaty with'.oreat
Britain relative:to.the Territory of - Ore;gon.
haVe reason t 4 b'eliere that a c e ssion or the
rights of both:!icompanies to the 'United
States, which . wnitld be the readiest means .
of tertninating 'itll .questions, can be 'obtained
on reasonable terms; and, with a, • view to
this end, I present the subject to the atten
tion of Congress.
The Ct;lony of Newfoutulland, - having
etiacted the laws required by the treaty of
the sth of June, 1854, is now placed on ;the
same footing, In respect to commercial; in
tercourse with the United States, as the oth
er North 'American provinces.
The commission which that treaty contem
plated, for de - tertninitnj the rights of . fishe'ry
in rivers and mouths of rivers on the coasts
of the Tjuito 'States mil the British NOrth
American provirk, has beeti organized and
-has cotnenced its labors ; to complete
there is needed further appropriations foi.,;he
service of another season.
.
. The statements mace in my last atinual
niessage, respecting the anticipate4.l - receipts
,and expendituitii of the treasury, have been
substatitiailv verified.,
,
it appears frOm the report of the.Seeretaty
of the Treasury, that the, receipts: during -the
last fiscal year ending June 30 ; 1855, from
all sources, were 865,003,930 ;and that the
public - expenditures fir the satire period, ex
clusive of payinents.- on . account' of the public
debt, amounted to 8.56,065,303. lluriti the
s a me p el i t l . tki e payments made. irt retlernp
t ion of 'the public: debt, including interest and
pr, nitim. attoilinted 14)49, 844,528. - 1
• The balance in the Treasury at the begin
ning of the present fiscal Year,"July, 1, 1855.
wlis 818,931,976 ; the receipts for. the first
(loter, and the 'estimated teeeipts for the re
ef:lining-. yearters, a mount, together, - to
67, - 918.734 ;; tires irtfiirdrng in all, aS, the
available resources of,the current
.fiscal ear
the sum of 8.780,8)6,710. ' . • A
If to the : actual expenditure of the
quarter of the current liseal year be • add
the probable expenditures fo.• the retiminin,
llnee quarters, as estimated - by the Secre(ary
of the 4Treasury, the smil total will, be
2::16,84 . 6.thetebv learipg, an estimated halance
in the Treasury on hily -1,1856, of ."515,6.23,
the above estimated expenditure of the
present fiscal year are included €:3,000,0001-6
meet the last installinent of the *10,000,Q00
provided for in. the late treats - uidt Mexico;
t0ut..;7,7:10, - 000 appropriated on account: of
the debt. due . to Texas;.whiel: t sinus nialw ,
an aggieLtale amount - of *10,750,000, and
reduce the expenditures,' actual or estittiak; .
for ordinary opjezts of the year, o the 'gittn'
of *40,476,000. , , •
• The amount of the public debt at the com
mence of the present fiscal year wai *40,583,
631.; A nd,dop.:64-4,l•CitifritriThie- -of - !- Tll -, merint-rit
the viltele (Mtt cif the Fed,-
'eral . Goverinnent remaining at this time is .
less than *46,000,000.
The remnant of certain other. Government
stoAs,amounting tv *243,ooo,.referred to in
my last - NfeKmige as outstanding, has since
been paid.
t lam fully Persuaded that if: would be dif
ticA to devise a system superior to that by
i which the fiscal busine ‘ ss of the government
lis . now conducted. • Notwithstanding the
great number of public. arr o enta of collection
i and - disbarsement, :it is believed that the
f - elieeks and guards ' provided, including the
Itequirements a monthly returns,. render'it
l scarcely p•)ssible for any considerable fraud on
the part of those agents, or neglect invoking
inizard of serious public loss, to escape detec-
Ltion. I tenew, however+ the recommendation
iher'etofore made by me, of the enactment Of a
11
law declaring it felony on the part:Of public
officers tOnsert false entries in • their 'books
of record or account,or to make false returns,
and also requiring them„on the termination
, ! -
y of tutur.servfee, to deliver to their -successors
I all looks: records, and other oltjeetsof a 'pub s
i ;L: nature in their custody.. ' •
-Derive.:! asour Public revenue is, in -Chief
[pat t, um duties on imports', i,V . 4 magnitude-af
fords gratifingevOcnce of Cthe ptospetity,
not only 'of our coatmerce,lbut of the! other
tea interest- upon which that depends.
I The principle that all moneVs not requited
fur the current: expense 4 of. the government
should -remain for active employment in the
hands of the people, and the cotcpicuous . fact
that the annual revenue from all sources ex
ceeds,bv manyitillitins of dollats, thetmuunt
needed . for a prudent and economical - admin
istration of public ntftirsotaunot tail to seg..
ge!,t the prunriety,Of an early revision and re- 1
duction of the tariff of duties on - importa. it •
is now so generally' conceded that -the .pur- •
pose of revenue al u bci can justify, the imposi
tion of duties on ittiports, that, in re-adjust
ing the iMpost tabli..-s and • sehedules i WhiCh
unquestionably requires. essential .tuotlifica
tions, a departure from the principles of- the,
present tariff is not:Anticipated. •
The army duritit4the pait year has, been
actively engaged in defending the Indian
frontier, the state of the service, permitting.bnt.
few and iquall• garrisons in- our ' pernfanent .
forfifk;ations. The additional regiments au
thorized -at the last session of Congress have
been recruited and organized,
.aud a - large
potion of the troops have altendy been seat
to the - field. 'All the duties: which devolve
r on the military: estsblishment have beep sat
isfactorily petiornted, and-the dangers and
Lprivatious incident , the ehareeteriof the
service required of our troopS bairn f 014,104,
additional evidence of their.; - cotrage4al,and.
i vapacity .to meet any revaisitiotywhiei f tlielii
couutry,may muke.upon them...• For4he de-
titilkof the military,oparations,.. the dist tibu,.i
don of the troops, and = additional
.piovisions;
required forthe military service, refer ; to
the report of the I*retary, of NO -and ..the
accompanying dectimeeN.. • •
Experience gathered .0.6J1t
:hate transpired-since. iny..N4 annual pxsilig*
:has but served. to i *oefirsn '44 thetk=
texpressed i of..the, propriety:4:- making _'pro
• VigOii-br.a. rptirod - lio; •19r:d4abied,ettleern
and for aoinpensation to the officers
retained vn the list:folt #4oo4letyi•-•,411 . 44
,
- *et* reecissuiOded - 04 411 Ver. 7 4.4 4 31 00 1'. °997.
tirucd with4ttiiodificati
cirdumstzinc*ka . Ca given
alditional
The. recoulintendations eretofore - made-,fur
a p art ial reortinixation 6-the..arnifare- also
renewed.. The thorough linnetitary educir
don given to; those* office . , Who ; cointnetice
. their service ivith the'grai.ii:ereadet;- qualiL
ties theni i tan considerah e.exteatto perform,
the duties citlevery arm.
.4? :: tho.. service ; -but
to .give. the highest effieie e . yr to arti fiery re
quires the pr4ctice•end sp (pal at , tfily of many
years-; and it : is .not, ther we; helie'vea .to*:lio
advisable to . maintain,` in lime Or:peace, - a
larger force cif that'arni tl i air-ean , • •lm-.l . lStually
employed in She -duties apperuthiing49„tho
z , eriee of - fielil 7 a tilt Siege . a i rti I lery. The, d utiee
of - the staff* in all its various branclieS, berOne
to the movet4ents - of troooi,and the effitiebr-c
of an army ill the &Ail; WoUld imitteriallt4-de
pend . upon t tie obit' ty vii tlli .wlii eh those • d ii
ties are dischinged. It isinot; as in the case'
ofthe artilletly, is Spekiiitit, but . requires; al
so, an intitnitte kndwiedgti-of- the duties- . of
an Officer Of the line, and it L not doubted
.1 •
that, to coinricte the etincrition of am of fi cer
for . either that line or the general - stati,.it is
desirable that lie Shall lialle, served in . both. -
With this viw, it Was -recotnineuded ..On a
former Deco, ion, that the duties of the- -sta ff
should be miinly performed hi-details . from.
the.line ; an ' , with conviction Of the advan
tages which . youli.t.result front such a c h ange.
it is again ii i esented fur the cOnsideintion of
COngress. 1
The' report-la:the Seerei
herewith sub itted;exhiti!
alterations o 'thepast yeai
present, cord ;ion.,of the se
suggestions of further le! ;
your lateral iis invited. ,
' The coast uction of thelsix ste a m a ga tes,
.
; steanangate,
for which ap ,ropriations were Made by the
lastemigre. • has 'peoceed'ed M the most -sat
isfactory ma • ner,and wit i such expedition
as to wurran the I.)e.lief that they _ will be
ready'for ser
_ice_earlv_ in he Coming. spring:-
Important a. this adtlitiot to our 'naval force
is,•it stilYrenittinsinadequ to to the contin
gent exigent! es of the protectiOn of the extea
sive sea enits and vast co, ninercial interest
of the Unite 'States.— In 'view of this \fact,
wledged.wistioin of tho.pol
iey of a gr a nal, and . systematic-increase of
the navy, an appropri dipis j recuinmended
'for the coas t uction. 'of . s it - steam '-sloops-.of
wa r.
In regard o the steps t
of the ;tot of Congrttss• to
oienty of navy ; it is n
to :qt). more Batt to expr
rence in the .I.,:7.ervations
EIZEMII=tEI
• It' willelx.treeiyet - 4 lr
Po'stm i
aster . etteral, that
of the- depztr,utent for the
•59,0P8,342,- nd the gro.
136,; inakin. ex . e.es'; of
-
ro•Alipts Of :1;".,
tranguitatioti, durit
74,952:gt thaU .
Much Of the heavy ex :end
*Treasury is Ins .strhjeoted
`1 II an I)ty of
pi ,
. . •
.niails either
'..lh la ....,‘oc_t.,
' -
•E :o:e.4,.with tb
h. Eciioni ;!,c
be ocean st
~
3,
ie Postmas 6 e I
1 ' %VS .the . c 1
1
to the large
veYed by th
to tro.postag
postage ca •
ittr., Mid
railroads a►l( .'
zetior»oft~
subject der,-ei
of the:SAN:set
, otir a ttetitiOn
contains, as
f . the siihieetsl
The repor
will eniYaere
suggegions•
itnportauce
The aggrLgate amount
during ,the 1 tst reze-til yeitr
.
..
tari. script o rand warran
grants or r ads, and 'elec
liy•Statl
.s, ii` 24,557,409;
juirtionso! . Was 15,729,5
in receipts t '.e stun or 81
same poilod,ot, tittle,-8,7'
been survey .d ',__ but; in co
quantity ah - .ady sattient
lion:a tract: have been hr.
The pectiOur relation ofi
ernment to tjte District
. 41
it proper toleomme,nd to
its - inaterial,,but also ifs in
chiding Cdn l atiO'n, More e•
parts of the is.trilq. ontsid
1 )
• Washingtet atul Geortreto
. The comnpissiem;:rs typo
codify_the hits of the _ Dil l i
such progreis in the :per
task; as to ii sure it-4 compl
'prescribed by the 'act of 0
• ItiformatiOn has recent
.that thepeaite of the: 54.!:, tie
ritories of Ofegon rind Wa
bed bybostilities on thelt.
with indications - of l eiten"
of a hostile-lharacter autot
quarter, the anore.seriods i
feet by reasin of ,the and
interests e, isting , in' lilt
'Whi , dl your • t tendert has a
ciallv invited. Eiteient n i
taken, which, it is believed
and afford protection to oaf
In the Territory of Katt
acts, prejuilii;ial to good •
none have - o :purred 'under I
justify the it terpoition of t'
tire. - That ,Could only be
tion to .fetlerellaw, or.of. or
to territoriall law, asstiutingi
insurrection which, .if itj
would
,be my tlutyltritinpli
mippress. ' I , elierish the It(
the occurrence Of.any - suet
will be -prevented 'hOhe
people.of the Territorv;wh
law, posselsing the,,,right
own dotoestic inAitUtions, -
deporting theinseVes itette
.exerm AO of that .right,'and ,
in lite enjoyment ofitii, Wi
ott.,the part .of :the . citizet
States— ' .
The sontldru tioundiiry
torytto never - been'SutiW
The rapiclry-exteinlitigqe*l ,
&on, and ;the fact : that_th
tweep T0,pe: 11 4149,14 ! 3 )4 1 '
awl New meSie.o, is cosi
suggest 114 `ira~abiity T'
questions'or -juritldiotion;
Anse. For these ;suit , 4-
commewl,6o *0409.t. to
P 14 14- 1 1 ) 44 otke ffi
the isaittierViit
botind taVieiCillietbk •"I
10, 1050.
. •
n, mceept so tar as
to 'some -of thin
aryl of the Navy;
, t.s in fall the naval
, together with the"
ant 4 it make:
aisii,iti,- 0 6 - 00 which.
kezr in extictition
proinot4i the ttffi
nneps.art lor n u n
!euttre concur
;n Unit siitTect' pre-
his ;report. •
the report q - ".tiie,l
re I
af•5t:13.74.1 year was
H $7,3-!2,'
expentlituro over
nt) (hat the eos.t.of .;
Cr ' veatwas I
" .
pik!v1(111; 3'k-nr 4
1111 e 5 t‘t I%bicli the .
li to be ascribed
inted matter con
franked; or. liable.
very :iv. - rates of
t el)arged on let
or
amers. rfie
.General Lhe
iderntion-,of Con-
rc :of - the Ititerior
its ivell for •11,.4e1.
or thelettfregt•lihd
to which thy' re
fpnblic. land sold
iocated with
taken tip tinder
test as swamp lands
ores, of which the
4, : acres yielding
,485,380, Iu the
The patrl'otic and just men who. participl 7
-ted•in that act were infinenced br tn.rtitesfar:
abOve alt seetional jealousies. It was in truth
the great by.completittg for tra
the possesiiop 'r t' vtilley- of the Mississippi;
with commercial ace* to•t (;elf of
Co, imparted Unity strength to the.whole,
confederation,.and attached together by irn.
dissoluble ties the . Eitst and .the Nytt, as well
As the North-arld'the . Sonth. -
As' tolF/oridit i .that 1119' . .. but the transfer by
Spain to 'the . United States of :territory:: .on
the east - side - or the .river: iu ek,
'change fOr large territory, which the United
States trenferred to 'SPnin'on the we.it'aide
of-that river; as - the entire diplomiathi'hiAtiry
of the transaction serves lo demonstrate.—
Mereover, it was an Acquisition dent:laded, by.
the commercial interestsandthe security,.nf.
the • whole - Union.. .• • • ,- •
.
3,84 acres' 'have
osideration. of . the
initty, tit) - mill--
melt! into market.
' the yeneral :,,ror
‘polairihia, rentlem,
'our care not oclv
oral,. hherests, hi
.-pecially in thof , c
1 r of the cities of
iwn:' ... .. -
fluted to. revise and
have maile . .
•fOrniaitee . of their
Lotion` in the time
•
. . . ,
. .
In the inetfutitrie the people 61- 1 , the Uttitial
Stales had grown up to .ft propei Conkio:lits
ne.ii; of their_strength, tind . in," . a brief aintest
with France ntid .in
,a second 'serious war
, with Gre.at Britain,. they hart shaken off. an
L which remained 6f.utitlue rei•ereiteo fur En:
rope,. and .ernerged -treat the atniophere i;;Ii .
. t ho.e trans-Atlantic influences wlach surroun
ded the *infant republic,' and hadaliegun to
turn tl - tir,att6ntion- . lci•the full-and spoon:Mk= ,
ie development of the, iuternal : resonrces. - lA,
.
the Union;_ . - . •,' . .. - 7 ', . ...
Attiong'the evtteac'tmt conlioi•eisiei'kif dna.
• period' the !mist conspitMott4ilis:the'questo - r,`•
•of rbgulation by Congress of thiisticial eondi:'
Lion of the futute slittes..to be`'foutided in the
territory of Lottsiatnt.,.. -,.,..,
~,, ),, , , . . -- ...
• I'6 . ooin:ince, tier the .gorritment - of "the
territory f tuirt liii;i2,sf - of this • t%4l'' Ohte had' con;
. tai nt . 'd a' provis.ion, - - , iVhi'ellt prohibited • the . tise—
of ingiti4tyrcint'seniic&due in al4. other Old,.
'of the :..14tnted
r S . tait l 3.: .SU USW le 11 II Y to, the;
adolition of the constitution,. thia.,proo,sion.
ceased to remai I: aS . A 14,1 V ,;;I . ol' , i is:operation
1I welt was a bsultktply sypersed4by thii.eOn
§titatioii. : But. the ..yeeolieethind -s,ifftie,faet
exeited . the
,zeal . of. sop itzl; propagandit4 1,, t..,
some sections' of the Confeileratton ; .. - '; and,wiiiii:
*second State, thatUf Miistittil,.:7,`Catitelikbitt'
• firmed ia,itAte7teirifory..ilg LoilisiaZia;-piiipoSii.':
Alen: w,a4., madfit -- t9:'.. , eztelitt i to.,the . l4tterMititto-,-
yy tfieri!s4ipticm -, ,E),FiepO!y.i'aPiliF*-*o*,
couistry.slitoa. between ' ' thilzr;rttrtAilt '.Plito
' itnd Slisi•is.4pl: - .. - ;:' '- -. T '''..'''' . '.'f.- it'''''''P'''t..s 4 '
f "ti. •4' ill iipostittiii-.
...• l..mixit.rptestwitab . 0.. 5 an._ .
.11 : - . . 9
__ ._ _
1 in all Iti--eoptituttonst-PrelationOtoyeaw.
~ 14 11 ,S c!egive4Om ntinttilen-ore/trest l / 2 . ,Wi11t,
:.f ! criTi4liliallttinixtitiogi,tglitieeillti-*iie . thit '
4iii4i - kikrtktiii. ji.e•::010.
~.tifa"Ved: - 4noe/gqi*:
'l4 4iiks Altioiiiiittl:;leMilsi - Met*'i 'ty lautti!'
isin'Stiittsiiii - si*ti :'likatt.o . iifoi:Of - P . :
*TWO': theiVnionjaakiali . 4-tig4 l #:l:tiitt .
Illai4,)sliAtfi - Argit.944 4 inalit i: ,- 4 1A - 1 4,. '..-:.'
pilaf:sip of.jo.4iptorfig tr o ~.et.,,,g4f4.1
tie' d:bv!14,4,6 4 ,44 - 091u -.. „-:11 - :iiiii0oekt!`:-.77-br:
Weil. -4 . - 4titsiiiitil liiPf'C i. itittt :- - ' 'at
!SO*:
-.• .`:-• - , .., - - . --, . -,-. '- -. ..- - ..z-f - t. , „._,,L,;...,---.
I) ,, Tegi
:been ' , ieeeived;
nents in the. Ter:
. hingten ,distil
rt of The
l ive !comsinatiOns
the tribes in that
'7 thekr pessi ale ef
.tertnitte,l foreign
I se ; Territories; to.
K m
-Ay beets espe
eris6res hive-been.
isitl restore.rfuiet
eltizeus.
there haye,b . eeti
t . rder, l ut !iai yet
ei u &OS to
he federal Exeeit
'll e . lise of obsOue•.u~ized resist tuc e.'
•
•
couraeter:of:
4110,0h1 occur , , - it
• tq'Oyereothe'
pe,•:,howerer, • that'
•evelit
nd sense of.: AR
i!.s pygno;t:
o determine.t heir
ire entitled , - while
the free
mis!. -.be:protected .
bout inteedrenuo
of-lhe
amp, kOe*of
' • f ;##
I.§t4 t ,raCg l Ar
: up4isjo
iv'ioevietitly
,coussideratibilit /.
*,4,114Y . fitt*OPPl.
IMpflitamstnite: *A.
4, ;
7fitriltst MUM
~ .r ~ a
„,.'” ... ,
' ed '`d'' ' 2
'' - It . 'enjOinecit'hi the ceii
exeetit „an - swan y , . . ,•
~,, ~
~.
. L. ,:
stit u lion to give information - .14 - COngrittit on
qui•gti4pf::4l - 4 1 3 5 Cirif4illir:Ac,.:Pf4Ole
neglect of duty 0., rn . T., I:iart,:to i . l pam c.yp;: ! 4
`Subject like - this, Aia,'"heyitia'§llltitinicitt,
the present time,'
vital-cOncern l.. § Jitdivid l nf
•ani 4 pnbhciiinirr7 . 7 :,, ;., It lai . een - a ithtiq - at.Aiii it regret"to
see titatei;''ConsPititins i&•"tiliir ieivroi : iii .
.
founding-thistepUblici*d-, equally Sharing_
its
.44antages„disregartt l tbetr.oOmitiNtiottal
obligations to' it. Altho.ngb ...c . tniscious. of
their inftbility- to heal adthitted . antfpalpable •
social evils oltheirOwlTAiirr iiiia are com-
pletely,within their. jurisdiction,,they, engage
in the si&enSi've'aint. hopeless Undertaking ,of
refornt hig . - the doniestic InStittition - s" of Other
States-wholly beyond- their control anti an
thority„,
...lit,thovain purstii tofend*, hy:thetti;
entirely unattainable, ..cnd which they Allay .
not legally attempt to ~compass, they 'peril
the very existence of theiConstitutien; and : all
the countless benefits . which it has .confbrred..
While the .people of;t6 southern 'States con-,
tine:their attention 'to - their own:*afihiri,' not . :
presuming Officithisly 'to inter medd le . with the
social institutions ofthe.northern-States,loor
intuit of the inhabitants iof the tatter, are pep , .
nianently organized in association* to inflict
injury on the form e kby, Wrongful: tints which
would be cause of war.. 1 Mi . betwOen : foreign
power:!, quid only, fail to be such in our sys.-.
ton, hi... Cause perpetrated : tinder,: scorer - Of the;
Union.' ''• . • - - '' • - • • '• .
1.
/ait , l%Qtile . fo present this subject-as truth
and ',the-occasion.: require,, Without , noticing
the reiterated, but groundless allegatiou, that,
the &Mil, has persistently asserted claims;and.
obtained advantages in the ~ prae t tiCal:thinii
istratiou: - Of the' tretieral;•governthent„:to the:
prejnoice of .the. North, and . in which.thelat-:
ter acquiesced; .That- is the States.whildi ,e 1;,
then Jaotnotti ortoleratc t.titttc4intifig-ti.fiti
of persons and of,property s in ethr;Sittites,...:P:h
disgttiSelbeir• thin - iniu;:iiee•• pretentf - :•ni::-; nitt
, mine, and constantly aver, that.lthey, whose :
cumti to tional- rights-are f • thus sYStettilticnllv.-
as-.!:ailed,,are• themselves the: aggreorS.-,.:At.
the present time, this imputed aggres.-sirMtdst--
ing, as it doe's, only 'irk the vague declatnato-',-,
rt- c!tames Of political .a.ittitors; . resolves' 4.,..
into ..
. - ".•
self -anisapßieltensto I._'or' misinterpreta
tion, orthe principles an ' '-'' 's - '• : poliii : -
cal organization of the it' ;IR - I ritorieS . t.l. the
United State:. • - ' . - •• -;-
... -_ -
What:is thevoice ofhis or t i . len:•the-'
ordanance, which. nroride,Ll fur" the :govern-
ment of the territory north west 'Of the river .
Ohio, • and for its eventual sub divisionlitte
new „States, was adopted in' the 'Congress' of
the confedcration, .it is not to be. : suppOsed
that the vestiutr-of future relatit'e Power,: or
het ween the ;St'ates. w Itich 'retained, -and those
a biolt did . i . tot. • retain, a'.
numerous co'tored
popu!- , tion, escaped a , ,tiec i or failed to tie
consider&i, And yet the , coneession of that
.
vast Li..o . iZury to tbe..ioterestsand Opinions, - of
the :northern States,„a
.territoryt. now 11.1:4 seat
t .-- f ftveattiong, .tinao . *iitilietritet of th Liii
inn, a as, in gi.ent: - ni!itsil re, ilio 'a..,t.' of the
State of•Yir•ginia•and - of the South. . • iS•
.Wite n: Louisiana =souls' actin ',red !by th e U tti:
ted . States, it .was ark ni , Anisitimi : not.tesS; to
the North than tothe.S:,,,nth ; for .
m w hile-1,0%n5 ;
important. to. the country at the on tli of, the
river NI is`sl SA ppi ' t ii-. becoio e•'l.h; 'etti pirl inn of
the country- atiore' -if;T-io• 'rils6'. 2 it :Sw4s..:.*E.iiS .
inot4important •to_theiwliolia.Vpio4v,...to issue
that -ersi illl la...f.:Auut.stialowinAria-i:olo._ne 4;":"Ififi ) i::- _
ince ; by reason of its imperfect settlement,
waS unduly - regartb.l As on the qulf of 11exi
ea, yet, in • -faio,- it - tendad to the opposite.
boundaries 'of the United - States, -With fat
greater bread tb above than -beloW, and - -waS ins
territory, as in everything eNe, equally at
least an nettession to the northern State:; It
is•niete deltisitM and Prejudice, ' therefurei.l6
speak of Lonisittna.as•aequisitienja the've.e.:'
ial interest of the South. • . ..-• ~ - ',' ..- ~
EI=MI
,:' i..:,,4:i-,...::
OBINEENSI
." 1 1 0 1 00 •.-
irofeolicide, 4 l4 wine At+ , , tt,d--.exec , , ,
densAtind.' Tfaiing„ . 'ttyiett ,itlfoNik t ..„:,.. t
co'rloi ef i leg i Staiiot4' IS: ..P 44 `-ita4.#o:-..nr „'
_„,:
statuteheok,
_s.andiner °peal to t rOP4,e ..... -
l ‘a.Y.4.tlier aaKir..sl 6 ,uetfol oolleAtiii ll 444* - -
i'lNet tio'. Pr,Olionneell :fiull - -44±410#7 - '
the eoniis Othi.*.A44: Rt.Oessi.*".:lo 4 #6lol4. - 4 , -
eite'ae,Viti C'Ofitrer die rights - of - o - ,80404v '
whizal , hlight diefo,al4 r - 1* ergeet ' ..eitt.47 2 ,,
$
Any part of itio-brienat #rtita-7-Orr-VOWOPI-1
In 4 1 . 1 Ottl;.if a'Prakglessfaa t t tal P re 'i l t i f ' " .2. "' -
in ' aavab .s , Lal'Ph Ykre.,fat s liPg rt ttlk't.tq ivla
4
pvrtio*OT t l / 4911 hitin-AO:theie ,J, 59,t* (1 , 6 1ka7, -
able r ' ''' '''' ''' "rA 4
' ''
4 ' : 4 ,?:
This tentrotitiray 'Pased anetYlitith tlia,et`Wf'-'','-' , "
casion; noihing'survi?ing it Save'thf`r,„ : „ll,lltr, , ;e:_
letter of the statute:
,k : ,, :-`,l- 7 ,_ - 7".„
Ilat, long afterwards, ,WhOi`;:tir tutpl:b t
ed accession of Ili rePufilie4',ll,:exste;lties'.
United States were to lake, their bit itetyY i`' l "
territorial greatness, a' siinilar eontiiigqm&
occrirred;and became then*asfOri fe*yttittt "-
'unfixed attempts to intimate in the'dotnii - -
tic affairs ot otte section ctQlhe Union, in de 7 ;
fiauce of their: 'rights asSlVas,afid'i'or Ili*
stipulatiens or the constituno,n.: Theic sitt- -
tempts assumed a practical diroction,,in WO'
shape of persevering endeavors' by souxiet
the - reprelentatiyeA in halt houses Of am-
grins to deprive the' southern Stites of the
supposed benetit.of the provisions of the act
authorizing-the Organization of , the - State et ,-
Mi.sonri. ' `• - '-.
But, the good sense of the Peepik- find def.; 7 .
vital force of the constitution, triumih'ea - tiver`..- ---
sectional `prejudice, and the politi 1 errarst-_, , "
of the clay, and the State, of Texas returaik` -
to the rni44 'ash° was, with - Sociathistitti -- -.
tiont"whicit herpeople haa chosen ter thents-
selees. and`'svith express, agreement,:bi the-
re-annexing act, that she shoujd 'be susopti-i'
hierof subdivision into a plurality of'. States..
I" Whitever advantage the - interests' of - thar ,
,„
Southern Stites; as such, - gained by this,
were - far inferior in results, ast i they unforded.:.
in the progress of time, to dense .wluch sprang:
from previous concessions made by`the South.:
To every thoughtful of the,tinien-=:-*
to the true lovers of their :country—UP a 1
who longed arid labored for the full StioOess ,
of this great experimenrOt republican initi- 1
tutionq,—it was cause of gratulation' that)
such an opportunity had occurred to ilins:
tiate our advancing power on `thli contiii4r;,,,. -
and to furbish to the . wOila'addrtiOOOE - inst4,
anise of the streugth'and`siability'oftWeini".;'
stitution - .. • Who would wish" to seedrtiridw! ;
still a European polony I Who would tit` " -
joke to hail Texas as -a lone star, instead of'
one-'in' the galaiy of States f_, Who -does - not r.
appreei s ate the incalculable benefits of the*- `'` `.
quisrtion 'of
,Lcitiisiaim t` . ` And Yet narrow ``',,_ -
views and sectional purposes ':would' irreil.
bly have exeladed - them all from the titdetni'..;
.Iforanother struggle on the same poine-,
'enqtuiti; when tihr Vittotioui armies returnede
front Idexico;and it devolved on Congress;; :
?revide foil the - te:rritOries .acriuhed by - tluit!,
treaty of GuadidUpe Ilidalgo. The'great re:-.,:"
(.theirs of the subject hadhow beenme.diki .
tinct and clear to the pet'oePtiolt .6 r' ilie4illt 4 ”. '; '
lie'mind; whiehrappinelated the evili‘oft see: '
•
fioniii coofroker4y
_upon the iiins r tioh'oriiiti'
•Ildmission of new Stato. ` Itr 4611 .0ofit#&itt = '' - '
ten% solicitudfr‘pereaded 'll4- natiern;" f-Attfl. - ,_
the patriotic, impulses of •thh. ` pettethiOniattiz -
guided br the,admoulicil `ltdiiiee' of il& - -ye;i: r i,,
incr./. Nts-c4autit6V4We'•"siii:serid-16 4 CAr,W -
cliilletittres ordie incarrioratiote2W 11 7 01 , 4r,val
pire into the Union. In the counseisli Cm- - ,
cress there was. manifested extreme atitagoe.:C
uisnitif - cpiaida and action'between some repl:-:
resentativei who sought by:the , abusive -and- '
uncost' nt'mea , etupl y ent- rthe legislative
-
powers or theOvernment"ivinterfereew tha
condition of the inchoate
~'States,, and to int- '
pose their ofin social theories nponisther fader;
and maintained the Selfoonstitutilig rights or
the Stateo , litirtlth, the things`attempted' ,
was, in form -alonei action 'of the general - goy- , -
ernment, while in reality it was the endeavor;„-
bv aim% `of ~ l egislative,
_power, 'ttt - - force iter
ideas .:of internal policy entertained` lip' Mi 0-- .
vOr States upon alliedv independent '-iStates,:-
Oleo more the constitution and '= the Uniotv , l
triumphed signally. The 'new Territories=.`
wore organized without restrictions on 016'4
disputed point, and 'Were, thus left to judge in-_-,
that pariettlarefor themselves ; and the sen*
of constitutional faith proved vigorous eno.
oughln Congress nob onliolo accomplish thilV 3
prnnary object, but "also the incidental andL,
hardly- less=mportant one of "so• amendiag --
the provisions of the statute for the extradt-- '
tion of fugitives from serviq; as to plaeit-that •'`
public duty' under the safeguard 0f. , .: the gen"; :
erai government, and thus relieve iefrom ob-:.
stacks ritisedly by the legislation of some - or-
the States.
Vain declaniation regarding the Fattirtsloise
of law for the extradition of - fagitives- ,L
service, with occasional .episedeis of 'fiantio efr.'"
fort te obstruct- their execution:lT ylet - and'
murder, continued, fora;brief time,"' to sigi---
tate certain - But- the trueprineir
pk, of leaving each State and Territery leg , . •
ulate its own lairs of labor iccordintofi . its-- -
oivn sense of right` and expediency, - -lrdie--
Attired filet hold of' the , : publio jUdgingntit6;- : •-
such a degree ? that, by common conOntOto
iiati•obt•eived Inihe Organization of '3lnit - 17er-i
titkity. of -Washington,
. When; more rrieently; it 'liieesinift . -vognisike'.:
to organize the Tei ritil`rts :ttlietinaskti lOU
tts i iiintnini, anti legitimate, if
nat the ineviiablei,' , i.onsetinenee
events and legislationethatthe lame great,
and sound, p nnilftl4 whielitatral*wly been
applied Nevrf.ltexicei.thotihkba.
applied terihem Itillt- - thorithoifid - -,stand • t
exemp from titairestrletions,-proposed
net; rergilte'Llo,tho State = of:iissourc,.
, sk t .
These 'restrict:tone vttererlhe'estimation of,
many thoakhifat inen, isull from , the ,
ninb t unstatheetsed the caustitutioa, - ecav; - „i?
teary to the treaty . stiptihstiona for the
ttf Louibiana, eod-reeoasiatcut with the equal
'l o tlieso-,80494.
'hey, had tee It'stripped - 'of
Penija 6 "itirts l ia*tiret Weil (
AndEreit repaEthroogiveteltifidlitOri - 4tifietir
liients: — Vh!l had beeiVimtegiallrrittrogitki:
t 0 d..4. - thelegisifitiooictoociig
thait'Nftlettalitid
ifaeflrittailletnt4o4 itetsike - 1
iiaie Siete - 4%4°0 , 4, igreO,Vbyilile-stelf::4
9 110 4-4 6 tlielVetitt4 fiate‘akopistir
last.Ofingresstwn,a manly and beanie*,
1 , 4 1 "SPabicotid 4ll oo4 , - 6 : 4 -4-itair
4.ooW;'*alt- OA* iltithucter*** ribtfautt -- !
ote-beeltif an sot,
Moe& andthP inesOrti - of rsilettirti**-4t
'cons ms_ 10147."1440,4110114,:
=MEI
MEE
~~~:
MEM