o i driTse peinocrai.
VIE LASSES!! CIRCULATION Ix RORTHERR iPEsp3A.
E. B. CHASE & J. B. McCOLLUM, EDITORS
DAY, nitarsher.
Mantras°, Thursday, Aug. 13, 1855.
Mass Meet!
A meeting of the 'Democrats of Susque
haulm County, will be held, Monday evening
of the second week of Court. Able speakers
will address the Meeting. Let Were be a
general ally. •
Court.
Court continues .here next week. We
hope out patienswill not take it unkindly if
we remind them that then will be a geed
time to pavirti. We need money•badly, and
we trust we shall be well renumbered.
would direct the attention of our
readers to the Advertisement of J. M. Estes
*los ti; Co., that they may avail thetnielves of
the rare l opportunity it affords, in the line of
cheap publications. •
Letters From Europe.
Mr. drew treats ea treaders this week with
two' highly interesting letters from the old
• world. They will be read with great inter es t
by the Constituents that gentleman has so
long rePresented-inthiCongress of the nation.
Ile has departed from the usual train of En
ropean travelers and letter writers, dealing less
in imagery: and more in the practical habits
and every day life of the *ple, showing that
his observations have'not been confined to the
" upper , tendom" of European wiety, who
never reflect the real condition of a nation,—
but rather to the under strata,—the inner
chamber of a nation's heart,. from - the condi
thin of which the character 'of the govern
ment, and real substantial condition of the
country 'may be judged with. ocrreetness.--, , -
The " - Son :of a Sire" flies from Court to
Court, dining with Lord Maybe and slipping
with Cotint Wouldbe, then inditing it roman
,-
'm •
antic epistle fined with fulsome laudations
'of meanie - INA . government, am:l4hp school of
•
the' world. And from such ) sources come
most of the ideas of the old world which tare
generalliread and imbibed by the masses
of the American people. In this way we
come to l iegaxd everything foreign as of a
higher order,and:the government of Europeas
- i
embracing the highest stateof i cicilization and
refinement, while in trutVstich is the mere
glcolluid gilding, under-the surface of which
heaves an ocean -of misery—ignorance and
wretchedness.' Mr. Gnow, judging from his
letters, has penetrated this gloss.and directed
his observations to the masses of the country
and its i'.olarces showing most conclnsiyely
that the Star of Empire really has long since
left theentry of its birth,--that in , solid
''
greatnw,andall the elements of progress and
power in erent in the race, America is now
1 1 )
far opts
l 'pping the old world, bidding fair
ere long o become the Umpire of the earth.
The Rteeting.
. Sickne&s.prevented our attendance on the
Republic:an meeting held
the old Court
House list Monday everiin'g. I :iwe learn how
ever that; Judge Wilmot addressed the meet
ing, seccindary to L. P..llind'i of susquehan-•
na`Depot. A series of Itesollitions, we un
derstand was also adopted, the most impor
tant of Which, in our judgement, was one de
claring that the Reptlican party had no
.connecti 11 with the Know lirOthing, or any
,other o nization,bit stood alone in its glo
-1.2
,ry.. It strikes us that this is a very remark
able Rediolution, and one very nearly concern-.
kg the public underemnding. "
It lias been said of late by the members of
i the KnOw-Nothing Order, in this place, that
they had abandoned the organization, and,
that it would no longer be kept up in this
county,—that they were satisfied that the
keeping alive of that issue distracted the
ranks of northern freemen; and was proving
• disastrous to the success of the great ques
tion of human freedom. • . •
Having long felt and advocated dila view
of the case, we were fejoided at the prospect
that seemed to be npeuing upon political of
; sirs around us:, We were disposed to think
the men. sincere when they talked thus and
really supposed that the meting would take
'lliorue steps to assure the public, that their
c 'i'Wonderful sympathy for the enslaver', ester,-
ded to the white race as well as the black 1
13nt our expectations were idle, events
connected with de meeting, show in the
eicarest light, that another gamiof fraud is
be palmed upon the people Of Susqueban
county. Another deception is to be prac
tioed 4on the Voters, -another public swin
rcdle accomplished'at the ballot-box. Instead
of the I linow Niething orginization being
abandoued—initead of gi - ving up the con
test to'the cause of freedom, and falling, or
triumphing together' ith its broad banner
waving o'er representations from
different Lodges In .the county assembled
Lere on Monday afternoon, and met in Coun
cil a t their Lodge room in Bloomer Hall.—
And there, &air reader, What do yoa suppose
was transacted there / Why they passed a
res(Ave itot to mike any nominations for
county Officers this . fill, and to keep vp thtir
organization in this county! Then they ad
journed, and In the evening the. iame men
were the active leaders, officers, &c., in the
Republican eneetini; sa3ing to the -public
0 that they had 'no eonnection with the Know
Nothing order, but were Republicans only,
and Republicans foieser, for the one purpose:
of opposing Slavery aggression! Yes ktrz.red-
ible salt may fppear, these men went from
the Lodge room to the court House, aid
pieced' I;this girded falselooi • before. the
world. J:43 Truthi how hmt thou been Mur
dered f4r the judtry gain of of e. How
willw
meri 'I, 'eciifisahron, manhood, - religio n,
common_ moiality,- when theY•sunff the scent
of ipublic - ill4der!,
But our renders may sak, Irby this strange
proceeding I We Irill - -lEtplain. The con
trorttig Islurits of the Kiev Nothing Lodges
dare not come befo • the people with that
issue at the polls. ey knciw too 'hell the
result of such t a patest, hencie, they• will
bring their
name
the people -iim
der th 4 name Of Republican,. and by fmndy—
by pmteuding to be organized only on the
basis'of Anti Slaver, they Poleniate to get
a sufficient numbq of rites outside the
Lodges, to carry the electipir: Here is the
tricky else why keeri• up the order I In -pri
vate,—svithin the darkplott , ne chamber of
the Lodges, the are - Know Nothing, but
with an awful.liti upon their lips, they leave
that chamber. .4,i Conks before the, public,
drtsed in i garl, of anotheieotor. And yet
we are asked.to4Oirs hands : 'th such men in
s
a crusade for frerdom I Itan insult to the
intelligence of it man. \ hat , join bands
with, and place confidence l it Men who thus
openly and flagrantly. Violate, in your very
presence,. the commonest nerd for • truth
and upright politic:al denllng,—maise • our
selves party-to frauds upott honest men to
obtain their votes, the de rest heritage of
freemen, join Leith men whi. hold out to the
world earnest profe s sions of sympathy for the
oppressed negroslave, and : determination to
sunder his bonds and ainelicirate his condition;
• ['i
and while such •professions f are yet lurnino•
a
on their lips, `
.
sne4 Ile ereen cow ards; . and
midnight assassins into emie dark' chamber
and there, with the: oath- - ,* Onanipteucee
upon their souls, , plot, wayit and • means by
which they may oppress their - own rare and
color,—how they ruay-st4 him of the proud
prerog,ntive or a freematt,--4ow they mO load
his name with ii.famy and Taco a j blistering
mark of disgrace upon tie litireheads Of his
children f —h•c+ they mny r:lci• his :conicience
with tortures because God's; truth shines up
on it through a - different,. kiddiuln from theirs,
—how they may make hin an outcast in
this land of freedom, or!
,driVe him back to
the oldworld, there to toil and flattish and
• did, with the • chains of Despotiim forever
clanking upon his limbs and We light of
Heaven's sunbeain -shut out from; his. soul I
God help us, never, NEFER 'NEVER, may pro
so far blacken our heart wiiii infadiy,—never
so far disgrace the jicepf Immanlty,-z:never .
so far call dow - n just vengeance from the
skies, as to be tpund cdmending for such
principles of freeciim as these.
It is a sham,- r a mockery,—it is political
and moral blasp 'quay, and we envy not the
conscience of those among them; who in tit:l
- moments of reflection, look calmly at the
path they are pirsningand the game they are
playiug' , 1 ,
.
bl
. Well,it may r '
they will s'ucceeil,-that
they will again , O rry the elections of this
county by fraudulnt pretenses—frandulent,
because, with l of freedom on their
1
tongu.s thei you enslave the millionl of
their own race an color', whose only crime is
that God gave the light of • Heaven to b l eam
-upon- their . eyes Is i in another land, and a
heart to praise TA?, in another Vorm! Well
if upon such priticiples they can, let,them-sue
ceed. Let, themi drag the artillery of their
civil and - religiods persecution Over the man
s-tea body of Ju.tic..c anti • Traih,—of NMI'S
equality and fre4dom. The peOple will final
ly aroir,e—Truth will finally „ titimph, tram
pling falsehood and error in the dust !
Amid the gloom there yet beams out br.e
pleasing ray. The masses of the people,l as
fist as they can undel , tand the object of ;the
leaderi of this combination are leaving their
ranks in disgust. 'Th.c..y have been led' into
it through misrepresentations, and many with
an honest desire to d. something for Free
dom. Upon such mea we cast no reproach
es. They have been !Misled, but they will
correct their erriags as; soon as they can find
the right Path.lWe have an abiding confi
dence in their integrity , of' purpose, and in
this lies our only i lt6pelfor the final suprema
cy of just and , liberal principles.
.1
1
(Letters from Europe.) 1
. , Roma, July 18, 18.5.
1 .
,
- Mr DEAR CUASE I : I. Our party 'reached here
-yesterday,retu mg from Naples
, and tomor
row we leave or Florence, Venice and the
Alps, on our way homeward. Owing to the
prevalence of Choletla iniEw pt, Constantino
ple, and the Crirnea,we abandoned our. visit
to Sebastapol, and,l from ?4ount Vesuvius,
Joined m3r faces Westward. 1 SO that each
setting sun now finds one day nearer the
land of r our kindred and the homes of those.
we love.; sLiI of whom we hope ere long to
meet again..• . 1 .
i
, Lest I should havenobetter opportunity
to redeem my proiniselo write to you once,'
lat least, during my absence, I take this hur
ried occalon!tc , fulfil it. The trzivdler, ,on
, this side the Ocean, finds no - convenient time
1
for writingletters. He is hurried from one
1 scene of interest to another, - till; exhausted in
1
body, rowl confu=ed in brain, with the multi
-1 plit:ity of ronders that meet Lim on every
aide, he requires, the little, intervals between
Isight seeing" fur rest. I have therefore but
i little time to dulkite to this letter. Beneath
land around me, are the ashes of a Mighty Em
-1 pi re and the relics of its 001 , , Many of which
1 1 ha . ve not'seen, and shall not be able to see,
, for want of. time.
The . Tiber Latium and the Seven are`
embalmed i in the fondeit associations of
our Ac.adeinic days; but the Vandal \Var,
Flood and Fire, hare cicolated the "Eternal
City." The flonian Forum 'ow lies buried
twenty feel beneath the iurfabe of the' earth,
and upon its ancient Campus Marius stand
the dwelling of modern Rome t , ,while the
myrtlelaud theivy grow with wild luxuriance
over the Palaces of the Caesars.
--" Come.and see
The Cvp}ress,-bear' the OM, and plod your . ., way
Crer steps of - broken thrones and temples."
Of the Rome of our sehool-boy "lays, scare°
anythinj remains Ore the natural features of
its loealtion: Tice yellow liter, the Al houian
Hills, d the sea-washet; CarnpUgua, are
still the same, but- a a - 11 else, how changed,'" ,
The _Tribune, the BenateCliamber, its Palaces
and Temples, tave . thiyantimm, are -but a
mass of ruins.. Gardens amt cultivated fields,
cover most of sat was ancient Houle. In
a tew placer % exCa vatious,- twenty &et in debar
have exposed "t,hp pavements.;of .her audient
streets, and the' i ase . stni;teof her 'melon
columns. W '4 the eideptlo4 of hat - 1.1N110:
ducts, her , half burried triumphal- Arches,
some of her works of Art, and the-walls of a
dew of her most missive structures; - - ancient
.Rame i like her langungiT-a0 her people, is
entombed with the ashesof her Scipios' and
Caesais. The area where the Gladiators con
tended, Or where the victim, either Christian
or condemned criminal, was thrown to wild
beasts, - contains. about one and a quarter acres
aground, in circular form, surrounded by a
wall three hundred and thirty-three feet thick,
supported by arches and piers, focal with half
columns. It was twenty feet high on the in
side, and one hundred and fifty seven feet
high on the outside f thusi forming on the top
an inclined surface iipon which the Seats for
spectators !ere arranged. It wOuld seat:about
90, 000 persons. The external elevation con
sists of four. tiers of arches. In each of the
lower ties there were eighty - arches. The
first tier, dfthe Doric order, is thirty feet MO,
the second lonic, thirty eight feet, the third
Corlinthian, thirty eight feet, and the fourth,
also Corrinthlan, forty four feet high,—the
whole crowned with columns for ornamennt,
and a silk c4atopy throWn over 'die whole
area. On one Side, a portion of its` ills are
still in a good state of preservation,' , though
they were cared almost eighteen =hundred
years ago.'.!While Palaces and almost cities
ha've been built from its walls, yet, despite the
barbarian awl Christian vandal, it is yet the
inost gigsnti of Rome's ruins.
While stands the Coliseum, Rome stands,
When fails the Colisentri, Rome shall
. fall,
And when Rome falls, the world!"
The enthusiast, in, the . days of its glory,
might wellrbe pardoned this`-extravagance
but though it has survived the Palace and)
the Temple,, Time liar crumbled its tmissi ve
Walls and mantled them with ivy;‘%fte it has
filled the soil of the surrounding/Campagna
with the monuments of a by ; giine civilization;.,,
and the ashes of the mighty dead,—many of
whom wasted the best,energies of their lives,
and wrung rem tits last life-drop, to per
petuate their rueMories in walland- tower,—
and to-day thantiquary is enable to fix the
location of/t4ir last resting place, and but
for the,printing press their mane§ like their
hing,ualge . would be heard on no living ton
gue ! gh Grave? what virtues are yours.—
You first proclaimed to man the sacred dogma
of equality! in your embrace ail ranks- and
conditions find at last a common level. There
`the crowned; head, and the menial who,
croucheyi at his feet,—Dives clothed. in pur
ple and'Lazeits at his gate,L-are all equals. /
" The battle of our life is brief,
• "The alarin, the struggte, the relief ;
" Then sleep we - oside by site !"
To turn freni the dead to the living,X•eflec
tions almost a P i ssad rush involuntaij.lY - upon
the mind. here is a - country exteiding from.
the 'Alps to th'e extreme southerji limits of It
aly, of natural fertilit thrious cli
mate, once - i2babited b• who gave
language an-1 law to t.
star of civilization' al
dirkness. - 1314 it wen
barbarism, extinguishing, with the language
of the race, the energies. of i
ward the star a Empire tabs it war
The first objects that arrests the attention of
the:traveler iii Italy are The soldiers and the
Priests, each distinguished by his
_respective
uniform. Nearly or quite half the male adult
population of . the Roman - and Sapolitan
States, are, I Should judge,' embraced .in these
two classes. The levies for the army are
made by conscription. The number required
at any time is drawn. from -the_ ilyiks of the ,
young men who have reached their 2Stl, year,
to serve eight years or furnish substitute,-
which the lower classes are unable to do.
Ai the end of their service they are dischar-,,
ged, having uothing,an4 pos.' qe=sink no knowl
edge of any business
.except to shoulder a
musket. •
The - land is owned mostly by large land
proprietors, who lease it to tenants. The
seine pursuit is continued here frotp father to
son for generationc,. so that the business of
the father is continued by the chqren with
out change.. The boy who put the stone in
one end of the bag to balance his grist, be
cause his father did 50,.. evidently Was bore
and raised in this country, and he continues
to lire here still. It is said by those Who
ought to know, that there is not a caw - tali'
or steam' engine,(except the latter on R. R's)
in all Italy. Their lumber is sawed by hand.
Nor is there a thrashing machine, or even a
fanning; ill. All agriculturial implements
that web ve seen are of the rudest and_ most
clumsy kind,—the same I presume that Ad
am used after ho Wa4 driven out of Ivaradise,
for there could be noire better calculated to ex
ecute, the sentetine; "In the sweat of thy
brow-shalt thou eat thy . bread." -
The grass, scythes used here are a kind of
Cress between our cradle seyth t s and a bush
hook, 41i a'straight LiUdle about two inches
:tare a d two knobs, one. morticed to the
end of th snathc, and the other on a stick
about siY lucht% long, - framed into the centre
Of the snathe or handle. The hoe is a thick
piece 'of iron, about ten inches long •nnd five
wide, on the edge, and seven on the back,.
vritL a straight handle riot more than three
or tb 'unit tent long. The. pitch
fork , three - tines,
.either on e
piecE a head about three inches
Indle tied to the middletine
with a piece of raw hide. The rake consists
of tti,head,- Without bows or braces, about two
and 1 a half by three, inches, into which the
teeth, about eight itt number, are set' like the
teeth of•our rake, with a straight handle five
or six feet long. But the most singular itn
pleni:.mft is a plow: The beam is about ten
feet the end of which is fastened to the
yole r of theoxen with a raw hide strap.
have seen no chains of iron in Italy. The
back end of the beam is framed into an up
right stick about fon,' inches square, the bot
tom of which is framed into another stick
about. the seine size.; ring nearly parallel
with the:beam, and upon the end of this - is
•
Put a point of iioe something like our plow
Points.• I - have ieen*orae all 'Wood, with a
kitid-of 'Mould 'board Made by placing a
*tick three or four bits wide on each !-,side
Of the beam and Llstentngit to the piece -that
holds thitpoikt. • It would please Our-;Susque
hanle.faimerst-I guess, to see one of thes e
tusks eater theOeld atth* ajannal`ploSing
match to Compete for •e premittur But, in
i
i
our country, it would tins . et one available
purpose. After theg un Jure. been- plow -j
ed and planted lino Of Othinithat iota .
.
be better to place in: he eld to keep the
crows off! . ',rho oz yr4e ii A straight stick,
three or fowl inches vire, hollowed a little
for the neck. - For hews they use a rope,
though some are made of wood like the crotch
of a hog yoke, the pot under the neck of
the ox, and the top eriis tied- Lathe yoke with
a,tope. For holding back • they tie a long
rope to the Horns of oxen, and to the end
of the cart tongue, which projects ahead .of
the
. oxen four or fi e feet. They have no
wagons, cverythingis - carried on . carts, with
oxen, or. on the bacia of donkeys,or the heads
of women and chilnipn. have seen women
carrying bundles ofood, bay, or straw, on
their heads, nearly as large as I could lift:—
They have -no pails, for they were not in . use
yon know, in Rebecca's time, and. the cm
tOins of the country l ad mit of no innovations.
The vessels used for Water are eartherrt,pitch
ers, with a handle og.each side.' Xou will
see women with one of these, hol di ng about
four gallons of. water, on -her / head walking
along; 'chatting -.with he( companions, as:
though she had nothinjtc; care for.. But of
all. useless hardshipiof labor, the mode of
washing clothes / is Lite worst. A flat :stone
about two f9Et square, is Set up by some
stream odic side ore cistern. 'On this stone
the clothes - are held with one hand and poun
ded,With a pieCe of board held in the; other.
A x ud this process is 'continued, dipping the
clothes in the water occasionally, till they am
called clean. The stone being on the ground
it is necessary for the washert9man to get on
her knees, or stooTorer, either of which is
not as easy as . tdridinct a was i tino machine
I hare not seen a harrow since I left France.
The.grain is plowed. in. Tt.te :threshing is
-done in some cases ISydrivitfk, horses over it,
but in Most cases with a straight -stick or
/ • ,
maw!, as it is called, or with la flail, put to
gether like ours, butvtlie . sticks are not more
than half as large/ The. thfeshing floor is
made on the gro'Und in the fleld, or on a
bridge in theyead if there li one convenient.
The bridges/are all stone, with walls of ma
sonryon/the, sides, Making them much bet
ter than a dirt floor to thresh on. There are
no barns, except for Diligence :and Post hor
ses/nor are the fields fenced. You ; will ride
ails along fields r of corn,- hemp, oats and
vinevards, with no fences nest . the road, or to.
divide the land. - into 10t5... The herds- and
flocks are attended by a herdsman, or ,shep
he:ll, and are yarded, -or tethered nights. 7 - 7.
Such was the practice in Abraham's and
Lot's time, and of course it cannot be depart
ed .
from in this land of antiquities. The grain,
after it is threshed, is cleaned in the wind, if
it blows sufficiently, and then with a large
wooden sieve, like our. Old fashioned corn rid
dle.: The way the hay and straw is stacked
after the stack gets..a few feet high, is to set
a post, about twenty five feet high, in the
`round bythe side of the stack, - with a long
pole balanced on to tike a well .screen. to
each_ end of Which is attached a:-rope. The
hal- or straw is drAwn up to the stack,thrown
upon the ground and tied. in bundles of fifty
or a hundred poUnds weight each, and/ then'
tied - to the rope on the long end of the sweep.
The men then tal,:e the rope at the other end.
and balance the bundles up, One at a time.-
If it is to be put in a blinding, it is - tied in
the same way and carried . up- the ladder to
-the hayloft - en the. hacks
. of the workmen.
one bundle :it a time. Labor is cheap here,
and no wonder, or but little. can
,be accom
plishi...d. The price per day for a laborer at
ordinary work is twenty-to the - rty cents,
and boardlinz_xlf! A mechanic gas from
thirty to forty cents. Where - such is the
compensation of labor, it - is no Wonder that
i the condition of its classes is one of abject
poverty. But I have neither time nor space
to notice further the peculiarities of Italy,
that once proud and prosperous nation, that
era/raced within its limits all of_seience,
learning and civilization that shone upon the
world. . Its - condition is'now such as-:to:oim
press more - dee y the American traveller
with the excelleb e cf his government and
the greatness and glory of his country. In
England and France he sees much of a high
order of civilization. Wonders:. of architec
tural beauty 4( rural cuttivation, and of Art
surround him there on every side. - It is' im
possible to'. describe the magnificence of their
pleasure grounds, the:r old halls and castles,
for the-wealth °rages has been spent in em
.bellishing them under the direction of the
moil. refined taste; But the palace and the
hovel stand side by sine, and While the can
vass and the marble ate made to breathe and'
speak in the one, humanity, struggling
. with
its woes, is left. toTine and.-die in - the other:
In architectural grandeur, beautiei of Art.
and protuseness'of things calculated to please
the eye and charm the senses, America is in-
ferior to England, or-to 4',rance. -But in the.
triumphs of civilization 'aver the -unrelenting -
oljecti of NatUre, and thU tilde forms of sav
age life, AmeriCa has n 4; superior on earth.—
Her achievements are in deveioping, the phvc.
ical resources of a co•atinent, and promoting
L.
the great-and lasting interests of a common
hurnanity. Her f;ultivated fields spread over
the wilderness hiL i e a Magic spell ; and cities
spring into existepee ere the stomps of her
forest-trees decay! in their streets. These are
the triumphs in which - America rejoices, -awl
of whicirshemay well be proud. Her civil
and religious institutions arc prouder monu
ments than- the pyramids, and grander than
all the obelisks of the old world. She has, it
is'true no turuss-coated ruins of a long-lostna
tionality, over which Time has, thrown .his
magic mantle, but she 'hits what: is greater .
and more valuable,--the energy , and enter
prise of a !Mug age, and of a generous ha-
be burning
urrounli ng
night.
inanity.
As we lake our departu're from the Holy
City early in the morning, I am admonished
that I ►oust bring this letter to a close. My
health is, and has been quite good,and I have
thus far Lad a very pleasant time. Our par
ty, till we reached Naples, consisted of Hens.
E. B. Morgan, C. B. Pringle of New York
and E. B. Washburn of Illinois, all members
of t h u lAA Cougrew, and gr. Get).
ton, Assistant Secretary of the -Treasury un
der Taylor, all agreeable travelling compans
At Naples' yews... Washburn and Het
rington \ Vet 'us to ketuinmorir directly to Pa
ris. Mr, Moiga4, Pringle, our' courier, arid
myself go by- Venice, is order to see Italy
More fully, and fiern - thence we, =shall cm"
the Alps into the German States. We z ex-'
pect now to sail from Liverpo.,l the pit" of
October, having 'Wo, of . th ld world,
though not as m. .ed to see
when we left -ho
Our passage
in eleven days, w,
fine view of icel
Banks. We b
time with the/exception of oats day and night
a par tof wich .wind blew a gale.' I staid
on deck4ll night, covered with spray, to wit
nesythe scene. It was the most magilifiwrit.
sight of my whole life. We hear and read of
waves mountain high, but storm at sea
must be witnessed to forin any - adequate idea
of its terrible grandeur. To ride one moment'
on the dizzy - top ofa long range of billows;
white with foam .crests, the next be precipi:
tated into a • deep valley, encompassed by.
mountains of waters, dashing madly against
the sides, and over the linkvirks of the vessel,
with the wind shrieking-piercingly . through ,
its rigging, is a position of wild sublimity.—
It has been the wish of my life to behold a
storm at sea, and that wish has been gtatified.
I have seen the ocean in calm and in rage,—
the one is grand,—the other—sublimely ter
rific.
We bare been rem . rt . rkably fortunate in see
ing greitt sights at every place we have visit
ed. We reached here just in time to With*
the grand illumination of St... , Peters, which
takes place once a year,--the eve of SL
ter's.birth day. The whole Church
.was lit
rwith a blaze of light,.and its lofty dome look
'ed like a vast Chandelier hung out ib'Vthe
heavens. About eight thousand h
ed into a blaze in eight seconds,. continuing
several hours: New. I must' bid you 'good'
night,, with imy best wishes' Or your health
and happiness, and a kind remembrance .t:o
all myfriends,
Most truly . yours,
GALUSLIA A. GROW.
VENICE, chd July, 1855.
MiDEAR FRIENTI
"1 stood in Venice on the heiiige otsighs,
A Palace and a Prison on-each-hand. 4
Though its walls never told talcs, they
have seen and beard what inight make dumb
things speak ;
.and, had they a' tongue, they
could unfold a tale of blood' awl woo: `one :
(palled in the annals of tyranny ant crime !
Venice is a queer looking city, built to the
sea, two and a half miles from the main land.
Its streets are canals, of which the are
about three hundred.' There are no horses
'or carriages of any kind. in the ' city. ' The
Gondolier is the only mode of conveyance.
It is a splendid place to sleep; you are not dis
turbed by the clatter of horses, ,or the rat
tling of carriages, on the paveinenta. There
are streets- for footmen all over th`6 - aity, Cross
ing the canals by bridges, except,the Grand
Canal, whiCh extends the whole length' of
the city, and which is spanned by 'hut one
bridge. This Canal is the great thorough
fare,—the Broadway and Chestnut street,—
and is about 400 feet Ride.: Just at night it
is covered with the Gondolas of fashion -and
beauty.. In the days.of Vene 'an glory, this
Canal, in the twilight of. -a Summer's eve,
must hate presenteda s beautif u I sight. But
_•___-_____
110W,-- _
In Venice Tasso's echoes' re no more,
• And , silent now the songless gondolier,
• Her Palaces are crumbling o the shoie,
And music falls not always on the ear."
At 'Floretlee we called 'on . Powers, the
American Sculptor, at his Studio,- and found
hire chisel in hand. He is a Vermptiter . , by
birth ; and, endowed with the real genius of
..an Artist. ,He . has just finished - a . piece of
statuary designed for the Capitol: at Wash
ington,;. called "'America, or the Genius, of
Liberty.". it consists
_of a female figure,
about five feet high, standing in an erect Po
.sition, with l one band pointing to the sky,,
showing that her trust is' in . God, and her
course upward. The other hand rests on a
bundle, of rods, bound together, top and bot
tom, with a band, denoting the States and
their strength When united. -In the middle
and Crossed in the palm of the hand, are two
.
boughs of the bay tree, which is the Ancient
symbol of victory.- Beneath one foot which
is thrown a little forward, is a short - piece of
chain with its links broken, indicating that
she has broken the chain of tyranny and .
tramples it iu the dust. - On her head is a
Tiara with thirteen stars,—the emblem of
the American Union: •
Fro Bologna ire crossed the
Appen a desolate country, but
froth . Bo this place, about ti__-hun-
I Bred mild, we p l / 4 .-issed through the most :beau-
I tiful country -I ever saw. •The plains of Loin
baidy, extendidg from the Alps to the Appe- .
nines 4and from here to Turin, form a met
magnificent valley. But I.hav4 not time to
write more now. In the hope of seeing you
erelong, and with a kind word- to my Mont
rose friends, I am as ever
To E. B. Clm,
. Per the Democrat.
$ !lasi •
. .
Much leas been said ngainst the use of cor
poral puni,htnent in schools, but I have never
thought the reasons sufficiently conclusiVe l .to
warrant n teacher in depending upon it; hor.
have I been able to dh.cover anything; peen
liarly convincing' in the article - published • in
a late I)ernOcmt". by S: W. Tewksbury, 111P-'-'
on. tb e subjeti.. "If this 'prerogative be taken
from the teacher bow are schools to - be gov
erned I By Moral Suasion, we are auSwered.,
But this is leavinithe sUbject - , as-.I am afr4d,
under such a rule the schools Would .be left,.
in a rather dublouit state: -It is not enonkb
to tell ns that schnols should be governed by
Moral Stfision atone.. It niny. be i.Very nice
thedry, but unless we be shown, by every grade
of examples, how they are thus to, be success,
fully governed, I hardly think the beauty of
the theinptvill mica° it from absurdity.
' 31041 suasion /is a' term much' in vogue
among* reporters" but it is used so indiscrim
inately,se / a1 to leaye one in doubt with what
, .
fte •,
signtlicaitou is expected to ' 'wive it.—
By / one wes ie informed that since moral
suasion has failed to make men,temperate,
legal penalties-taint now be Minted - to' for
that:purpose. Another, one perhaps the wee,
peison, tells us "that children bave been too
ong.governed by the use of the _rod,, that nor-,
poral l punishment tends to;destroy 'their dig
nity, and that in this enlightened age moral
suasion should be the only agent in the gov
ernment of children. But why these are sop,
posed to bo more reasonable than men it is
hard to. say. And
.so amid the_ conflict of
theory, one is somewhat puzzled to know
Liverpool
with a •
the Grand
ler all the
what is ready intended, 4,in`d how far, and in
whet:direction the 44d order of things ir to
be overturned.
A great difficulty iseeins to be in supposing
the relations existing between, a and its
guardian to be similar to that which exists
between a citizen and :his government, - and-
applying the same course Of, reasoning to both
the " Democrat" arguing that ! corporal pun
iihmeut should be used in schools; illustrates
bz mentioning that Moral suasion- hiving
failed to 'bring about a certain reform in .'So
ciety a law incorporating corporal, punish-
mem. has to be rviorted to. That is; we are
to,undetstand the argument to stand thus ;
that as moral} suasion is to be tried first in
reforming m4iaand if that fail legal 'force is
to be re,sort:d to, so with children we must .
first try persuasion, awl then use the nemssa
IT force." Now the illtistration , Wedo not ac_
knowledge to be true,'but it dcie6 . ,not
that the 'proposition is not; for parents - . possess
authority .over their children. ',which a gov
ernment has no_right. to exercisel - over its sub 7.
jests. It is the duty of a parent (or any whom
lie may convey it) to' Attend: to the moral
training of the child, to watch carefully the
rowth of habits\ correcting wrong and
strengthening good. But whert - the Years
of maturity-are attained dOes he duty . de 7
vcilvenpun the government or-on. himself 1—
The answer is en.T. Government has . not}
-Mg to do with the moral training of its sub
jects. It can not take any notice of a, per
sons actions \ except as they interfere with the
rights of others. Who would doubt the right
.of a parent to p‘phillit his son the use , of to
bacco if he deemed it injurious, and to
force that prol4itiOn4 if necessary, by cor
poral punishment I But does it follow 'that
by the same right a citizen may be forbidden
to indulge in the luxuries of t‘ honeydew:"- 7
Between members of society, to bring about
any desired change in mind or practice where,
the rights of others are involved is the prov
ince of Moral suasion. Law can not exercise
this, being simply mandatory. ,
But to the schools. Is it necessary even
to inflict corporal punishment ? It would
seem that if a parent should find . it so, - w.bere
any degree of leisure may be devotecho each
one of his children separately, a teacher with
fort soluda.ts certainly would. This,_howev 7
er, is not a sufficient argument... Suppose a
-hoy indulges his pugilistic propensities in
beating one of the smaller Scholars. The
teacher' calls him up before the school, points
out the impropriety of his 'conduct, gently re
proves him, and makes perhaps some general
remarks on the indulgence of bad disptki
tions. The boy, instead pf heeding the re
port, goes his way and repeats his offence.—
Now what course shall the teacher pursue I
The boy already deserves punishment; this
every scholar sees, and unless he receives it
the teacher sinks in the estimation of the
school, :and in his influence over it. Chil
dren are.lynx-eyed. *hey are quick to see
where justice is, and quick to, take advantage'
of any laxity in a teacher's government.—
Let brie proclaim to Lis school that he is go
ing to govern by moral suasion,' and a part
of the Scholars would only see that they were
not to be punished, while the 'rest, !much as
they regarded the teacher, would netlike to
see their mates have all the fun. It is tree
that corporal punishment is often 'inflicted
- injUdiciously both by filrents and teachers,
but this is.not right. 'Many inflict it more
to 'gratify their own anger than for the cor
rection of the child. One. should be very
deliberate in admistering nunishinent. If an
ger is evinced in doing it I the 'proper effect
is lost. The whole school should' first be
shown the reasons for it, so that they will see
and acknowledge its justice, and they'should
know;too, that it is painful, to the teacher,
but however painful something which he can
not neglect. Banishment must follow the
willful violation of right rules. I recall" to
mind the remark of-an Old Professor while
'speaking to a company of teachers upon the
subject. tf Let children" said he "be taught
from the first that they have fallen into, a
world of obedience." I know by experience
that a teacher is the Most - respected and
loved who i's' thus strict, and at the . same
time always kind. •
Why viitipping is better than any other
modes of punishment I shall not - be" at -much
pains ta prove.. I 4 seems tome the most ez
pcslient, and far preferable to having schol
ar occupy some ludicrous and uneasy' posi
tion. Whipping, Mr. T. says, !wets the dig
nity of a proud' spirited boy. It is the lad
himseff who has dmi this in committing the
wrong, not by the teacher in chastising.
Tho.'dignity ,of - the whole school, is in a
degree, lost by usingeuch kinds of .punish•
meat ,as excitelaughter. • It 'should be Con
ducted as a thing of the greatest gravity.
Solomon says something about , the use of
" the rod . ,"'but this has been noticed by. Mr.
T. and it edi l ;ing 'to see with What
easelbe disposes of the wise man's sayings. - -=:-:
Solonlioo bad more uives 'than our comelen !
ces would ; allow us to indulge in, therefore
we are not; to heed proverbs!: Ileantifiti
I4c 7 if i lr the - same retshaing the "'Wins:
may be lain as Itle, fo; David' once committed
14 • .
aOn more grievous., Peter denied Ids
Lord, so-his writings are no longer-. to be,
reverenced as insii.irsff l -
It is a riitfictiltlait to teach -ischool e ; - -to
contend with itupi(it y Inditl Terme awl ob
stinacy to curb thuimpatience 'and -yet not
reattarts too.tnuels 410- natural buoyzutCy of
Yuur3, i • . '
G. A. GROW.
"Thus " A'Director" 11-a late . No: o
childhood, toluniumte the sluggish to emula
tion and be cnreful of the sensitive and einu
tous, but those , who patiently persevere,—who
are always 'cheerful and timid rind Topa
• - 5 yet' firm in their 'control willbe re
•
with suO)te. , H. -,
'Co, Pli- - - - -
3, "
, FREISLIC3I
Of the Susquehanna County Agricultural
Fair and Cattle Show to be hold is
Montrose, Oct. ilth, - 1881.
SEA? CATTLE. • . - -
For tho'best Durham Bulls two years old, ml
upwards a . c
• 4 5 0*
2d best, 3,00
Rilthii - best Devon - Bull, 'do.%
2d . . ... 4;00
For the beat Oar4e'oelfixed,ll.
~ . .
• 2d best,' = ~,,••,•.• 3,00
For the best Cow,as reganiskrvil and &pp-R
-ance, e ••• •••• 110 - 111•4P,001P•41i••• NM
2d best,. :.. - .. 1 - -- ::8,00
For the best mach Cow as appeiri from., low
suits, ••• • - ; ; 5,00
24 best,• •• • ... •.• • • • • 0000 OO 3,00
For the, best two year, old Heiler 5,00,
241 befit, ' 4114 1 ,>, . ,„,,,
. • • • Olitn,
•9d .. • •••• • • • ~2,00
For the best lot of store Calves; petless than
five, - ' 0,00
2dbest,. • ••••• ••ir • • • ••••• • . • • OM)
3d best, . C..:.._ . .2,00 .
For the, best pair of Working 0xen,....5,09
2d best, ' 3,00
3d best, • • ' 2,00
For the best pair two year old Steers,
2d best, * ... . . .. . .
3d best, < 2,00 -
For the best lot of yearlings, not leas than
five, - ... . . 500
2d best,... . BO9 \
3d , i)est, .
To-the township that will send M the Fair
the best tan yoke of Working Oxen,— !.0,00
2d best, - 5 , 00
• I miner. •
For the best fine woolled Duek,....... 8,00,
2d hest, ' • .-.
For th best South Down and Middle Wooled
.- • ..;3,00
2d best;.... ..2,00
For the hest long wooled Buck, .. 8,00
2d best,— .. • ..
For the best lot 'of fine wooled Ewer, not less
than three,..,.• • .. -
2d= bost;.. • . - . .2,00
For the hest - lot of South . Down or , middle
wooled, .. .1 3,00,
2d best,..
For the . best lot of. Jon wooled,..
24 b9st,. ........." 2;00
For the best Boar,. •
Best Sg r iv,••l.•
.• • • • • •
241 , best, • • . • "
Best .lot of Pig s,:. • • • • • •
'• • • • •• 7 •
' • HORSES.
Foribe best Stallion for - all work,..
2d , best, . -• • • • • • •
Best breeding Mitre, with eoltby her
24.1,best, • •• •••
l3ct,pair matched Horses„raised inth
2d‘b!:st,.. • ..
OULTRY. -
For the best lot, of any breed; not
2d-bst, .. ..
3(1 pest, ..
BUTTES..
For the best Firkin of Butter,
2d hist,
63 best,..
CItEESE.
For the best Cheese, not less than 251 b ,3,00
2(1 best, .. ..2,30
GARDEN VEGETABLES.
Best variety,
s&best,..
Fitt IT.
For the best variety of Fall apples, not less
than a half bushel, ... •J, . • ..2,00
24.1 b e st, ..„ ' —l,OO
Best specimen oPGrapzi, -2,00
2d best, 1.7 ; .. 1,00
'nos r. • -
For the best 201 b Honey, from the hive with
out "dtroyinm the Bees,.. ..2,b0
2d besty.. , • .. —l,OO
„ c nosinsTic mAnniracrinEs.
For the best Flannel, n o t less than 10 yd,oo
2d best, '..! 2,00•
3d best, .:1,00
For the best Woolen 'Cloth, do . .. 3,00
24 best, ..
3d best, . _ . ... 1,00
For the best Woolen. Carpeting, otless than
fifteen yards, . 1 . 3,00
2d st, : . .. 2,00
Foi the best 11.ig Carpet, do ' 3,00
2(1 best, .. —2,00
For the best. Quilt of any ilescription, ..3,00
2d 1be5t,.•...2,00
For the best half dozen 'Woolen 50ck5...200
2d best, -.. • .... 1,00
For the best Ornamental - Needlework, certifi
cate of merit
For The best Worsted worki certificate of do.
For the best variety of FlOwers,, do.
LEATHER AND ITS IMANITTACTIMPIS.
For the beitlcit of Sole leather,
Best lot of I _ harness leather;
Best lot or Oa Skins,
Best double Jarriage harness,
Best double Team \.:do -..
Bia•-.t singleartiste "do . .-.
For• the ltes Saddle. and \ Bridle,..
• , cAntrET Virtia., •
For the best exhibition of Cabinet W0rk,3,00
2d best, -.. .. " ':.-- :' .. 2,00
FARM ' rifiLEMENTS.. - \
For the Best Plow, for general use ) , _
2.d best, -.. do . .. 4,
For thecbest 'Harrow,— .. ' ....2M
" - best Cultivatorfor Corn, 2,01D \
4- -, best Corn Stalk cutter.. .• VP
" best Corn .Sheller,.. .-„, 2,00 -"
r " best Churn, - ;... ••?.• 0 0
". best Ox Cart, .. ...MO
" - best Horse "rake, 4 1 , 00
West 'nay rigging,. i •. • 2, 00
best . _2;60
" best lot of Birtter Firkins rind Tubs 2, ,( 0
For the best Cheese Pyess, .. .2,00
To the person who shall exhibit any balk
merit of his atiai invention, which, in t he
opinion -(:)f the Committee. is worthy of nicrit,
: 3,00
PnEminsts s:ott GRAIN She to be awarded itt
the meeting of the society in January.'
For
For the best clop of Winter Wheat, not less
than two acres,..- .. •
do. . 3,9 11
For Die best amp of Spring Wheat, 40. :s• o °
241 beg, . •. . ~ : 3, 00
For the host Corn;not less than three acres,s, oo
• 3, 00 .
For:the best crop of Potatoes, - not less than
one timr acre; 5, 00
'24 best, •do .. 3,00
Foil the hest Cooking Stoye, w.t. in the 011111-
ty;`certilleate - of merit.
pLACKSUMiIIitt.
For the beit lot of !Tom %ocelot , the road,l,oo
Foe the boat for the . ;1,00
TO the Fannet who will ',hew, the- greatest
te3utts from file term, for the, Oust rorrin In*
portion to' the 'number , of acre, itaprovot *
wrt3fleatt Ottnerit, and,.: .
24 body'. . 300
3,00
..2,00
..3,00
.. 2,00
.3,00
. 2,00
AN!TIMEM
5,00
1 • 3,00
side,s,oo
3,00
e C 03,00
3,00
ma. than
_..3,00
..2,00
.. 1,00
--ts,a o
3 1 00
2,00
'..2,00:
- 2,00
.2,00
. .2,00
..2,00