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-N
ADDRES3
-1, • 1
. ,•
Of 1 ilia State - . Central Comnii t lel
1 - . - NitP
. 3. . : 1
T o VIE Irsortn OF 10,NSILN AMA:
Felk4b-Citians—The manner Of.orgailiz . .
lug
! ' the 'Terri tOrilA of Nebraska --and Kns
aas,
vou will
;,. v et: with us, .is' not \necessarilyi an
• issue inl this contest--it isnot a subject . cot
nectLNl With .the duties of a State .Executive.
I t Aclse+ely possible that the 'elecOn tif a
otWernor, Whoever may succeed, is. to have
an y practical bearing upon the !future policy .
e rthose l iTerritOries—and surely no man will.
- , -
be.sO unreasonable as to hold the GoVerner of l
reansylivania accountable in . anj official sense
for What. Congress has already done' on this
subject'', 'lt-is a subject with which. that 01E 7
' e'er has had, and can have, Officially, nothing
. what'et,* to do. As a member of the I)erno-1
Critic party, it must be presumed that; hest
takes an interest in public affairs, and lirts)mt,
been! an inattentive observer _that there has'
existed diversity of opinion .in relationl to
certain features of this measure. ' . 1
Since the origin of our govcranent, With
occasional intervals, the queStion of slaver in,
some, o l its phases, has bein a subject of l'io
lent 'and at times dangerbus controversYl in
Conre.4, , menacing
the lace of
% the people
. and the[existerice of the tuitional confederacy. '
Its adjustment with%the Territories has Ipil. to
the Most threatening struggles. These were
invariably renewed by every new acquisition
lof Terri ry. In 1820, the . act, of (.=orgies
the Missouri line was adopted interdict=.
ing iltel2xtension 'of'Slavery north of 3Q di,,g.
30 Mimi as a means of settling the cunt rovkr
ssv grewin , out of the acqu isit i on of to i i,; . iil•
,
fioni Fanee
in 1803. • ln- 1845 this iiiie- . ti . .as,
- . exteaded over Texas, wadi had just been tin-'
flexed t.;, •the . United. StateS and
.seenl4.l4o
answer l i t he purpose of an adjustmen ....lin
' 'lB4B,'lMwever when it was proposed o , ex-
tend this parallel of 36 deg. - 30 min.ifron the
Elio dellNerie to the Pacific, it , was'; de 'eated
;in the Ifouse of,l;epresentatives, after haYieif"4-
pa_s_sed the Senate, by a majority of tenlvets.
The'arotation in , the- country soon became
genera'l,l and by 1 .850 it had assunied an
. ,alarining aspect. The good and great men
of all parties, forge)ting former- differences
and 'constrained by Anobler spirit of patriot :
isin,!uni t ed in. a common effort to allay - the
mighty Isurffin , * Of 'an excited public , Semi-
1. . 1 •Z ' , excited
ment. foremost in this g,reat work "was the
Aloqtient, and: patriotic Clay, Sustained . by
c.,w, , ,,Vtlebster, King and others. A series elf
acts velle passed, huniliarly known' as the.
- o , niprontise Measures, which were accepta
ble to the-people and were ardently maintaiii 2-
t4l. -• i •
One Of these acts organized - the TerritOritis
• 4•l . Nff Mexico and Utah, on the- principhfs
4 non-i tervention--o.n The plan.of allowing
the people:.to 4cide, for. - themselves whether
. they; walla have . the institution' of slavery eir
not: I The iv holecountry scented satisfied" with
the doctrine of non-intAzn - ention' by Ominl-s4,
in the.regulation of the domestic . institutions
• ,;f the Territories including that of s lav o y.4-
11 - ithout'stopping to inquire into
.the con.sti
tutikMalpower of Congress to-legislate on the
snl* 1.,t r - to what extent that power miet
. be exerised„ the. people regarded it as wi, , i-.
and Politie f to remove this, topic' of angry mid
41;ingerons e,ontrovers.v , out .of Congress, and
• contilv. it to those"who may occupy. the Tef-, t
-. ritorms. We may however remark that the
q uestior of authority in the 'passage of *We
t ordinance of 1787 under the . old (`'Onfedera- •
- lion; is ,livery different one from the passage
,d . the 3 issouri Compromise - or Any slaverTh
• restricti at whatever, under our present •Coit
' stitutioi c . Under the Confeleratio'n the insti-'
1 .
tution of slavery was not recognized---undtir
the t.kni;titution it is, in three several partid
ula4..: 1 ' - ' -". ' ~.
I r
14. In fixing the basis of representation .
and Idirect taxation. - - • ' r,,
•.2d. Fri toleratin, , the foreign
slaVe tradle
' r '
, until - 1808. • , , i
31' la providing for the rendition of funl- .
.li
• tive.9 fnhit labor.., • s' . 1 - s- i 1
. irit.(ven be clear that Cong ress is lidsses.l-,
1 -1
ed of aiiipte. ower to legislate on the suhjeet
(ant that i._ : ' itly denied by. Gen. Cass and!
- other e' nent7rneu of the country) it way!
proper to forego its exercise. • The re.sort,
this 'tickle of adjustment in. 1850, seemed:'
, Il
most auspicious for the honor the dignityl i
•
and peace of the- Stat--=-for ' the happines.H'
. and [prosperity of the people, and above all,
. for the stability-Of our Natidnal L Union. • 1
- .40s. not this "policyright and just in it'
q
self acebrding to all our theories_of goveiVg
meet? f' Indeed we should never; allow our+
selV ..!; to lir•tlik - consequences of trusting, any,
nn'estio'it of politics or morals with the people;
whether they be residents of a State or Terrii ?
tort. 'ibis tutae of
,adjUstment rests . on great;
prineip es,. whiell'in their application will lid
• co-extensive with all - the Territory we now;
have of ever cart have; and Nieliitill are as en-i
duringlas tile race of
.man: • It is a principle.
. in beautiful harmony with our republica n in-!
stitUtions- 7 -the principle of
,Sell-goveniment:--1
.the basis of our entire system. - It was furl
this!doetrine that our fOrefathers perilled their
lives, their fortunes and their sacred laMor in
the
. pecilaration of Independence-that they
struggled and bled, and left their bones to
bleaCh on the battle fields.Of therevolution..
It wasfor this principle of -self-governmetit,,
thatl, invoked the interposition! of heaven l
. and.acefpted'thepro&red aid of the . genet-.
ruts t!4 tripger. ;For seven long Veans did*tlap
. is orto; impress upon Lord N - t
-rill and George
111, the..rtue and power of this gri.at funda;= il
mental. ruthln -the science ofgoverninent4L-1
The!attlitipt of .that monarch "to bind the' '
Colnie.ls in all things whatsoever," and to i ea- .
pose . taxes without representation,„, gave this
Jrinciple. growth and vigor; and cost. him- ar-,
mies and an empire. Since-that day tO the"
presF . rit time it has been gaining strength/in
all eivil zed countries. American experience.
. has fully solved and . _settled : the. - . .probleni Of
• '
man'i s ktLifity for selfgoverninent. -' Where'
can,be.found the instance
. in whieh govern
mental i l / 4 tfrairs have been submitted - to;
.or fin:
trusted 'with the people, that the results hay
notheen salutaryff 'Who will . then • at this
datilotibt
of f i tness of the Ameritan.i.ecpl e
.
to"diSpose any qw,....stioi) of governinental
pelifoittid Within Ole litnits . of the Consti
intiOn?i • Wito will Contend for the • a l;k ir d!
idea, that a - inanloses -his. capacity 14 self=
, , •
, government byethigrating front a Statc: to
Ter.iitOry ? Who will Sfiy: that a Irian resid
ing in lkiassachusetts should, through his rei>-
resentatives in Congress, be perinitted
. ...to
adopt and regulate institutions of 'local gov-.
(aliment for his fellow man in : Vtah,: -New
Me6.:o, Minnesota, Nebra:la or Kawas ?- 7 1
Will our Whig Or Abolition' friends -a . gt . .A.
'flatwlttm thov sh.di have eini , fratea, to any,
4., - -
~ , i ;! - i
i;
ll=
• ~I .
of these Terri toties, their Democratic!, fellow'
..
citizens 'allo in they le;tv beltiml;,slmlleeide
for them What hind of local institutions they
i
a tall liar44--:•--tliat 11Mir juthrinent and. noi.
t utt Or i.boenl4T,talit4libelo,,g, - 2, shall control
k to -the thstittitionl. of Slavery? - . Or it ho
,
if ill contend that the !iwople :will be :carelesS
or their °Wit t rne itiq:rests ?—t hal Ilthir goVi.
eminent Will
.b 4 I;;•ble3or cnjuili,•,ions:,7i. \\ - hol, •
eVer says. these Ithin , si.loubts all the princi
.Id• - , , . ; , - ,- 1 .
es - of ottr.Vepttlili'can i institutions, and disre
gards the 'lssons of cl.perience - . aitd the teack.
ingsiolthetsagcs of the. revolution; ' ! • 1
' ',We . have, lr t ?ady imintated, that we. Will'
net d Ise us',. t I te. la bstra I. t anti -Somewhat dill!-t
..enh,-qUestlietis (t'Obtilir4.!:sionril power: NVliit'll
have ',2,76Wi1.0ni, of th.l slavry controversy i l
the Halls of . the Nainmal ilegislature. Ni'd,
care nettOidecide, where so many eminent;
Men\ lia \ vt\ difl;*, w•lththeri Crgress has th 6
power to ..I.4tablish or. nhollOi , the institution
in th .•T .1. itc'ri.- l' c'lltit• a - iiiiV ' '
, (.... c I" ~
,t,,s. . ~.. . . S it... , lac .Is-,.
sert:that itlivas:wist. ii.! - 1,440,1! as in 1851; tO
refer the - whole. • questien tolthe sovereign will
, to r the
Of the people, tO be settledlll rinigh the action:.
of the local governments, as 'all other . ques.:, ,
lons of 'domestic . policy ,are settled.. 'The .
' rteditsOf Property, the relations beiween luts--;
band and" ivife; : ., parent. :and' !child ; gtiardiattl.
and ward, are so confided, and we can cont
cilye none ;more sacred and important in. the!:
4eml state::: and we see in) good reason who';
Ili,{, questiop of tlornestie slavery, the relstioni.
ur Master and servant, shoithl alone be With , :'
idyl from he twin* tat the people:'
it lutist be forgotten; that. \-e have not..
liot .
-tbe cre:itiOn, of, ciremastanees for ourselves,:
Litt that wi !theist, thli ~ ,ith! existing fitcts.—,
The same t illicnltV °et:lured in thehiStory of
- 11 e cotnitiii, We - . had the institutiOtt of:
sl iviery 'entailed uponus, and the onlinatteri
o i
I .
,cnquiry has!,,leng been,low . it, co = al; to bei
Ma ta:rettte!the greatest advantage Of both!'
the white Mid black races: - 710 latter numH
bet. seN end .tiiilliorts; and we '.`
-1• e forced, to-the' .
diteintua Of retainieg - a large - portion of di em "
in bondage; orl, -make thou- ur 'eoirtpanionsi .
and tepials , and . permit ,thei/ r to. share thc;
1 1 I.nor s : of the Stat e , and, marry arry with.. our!
3
...langhters And •friemls. In lie 'forcible, late-'
, rit.ie.o.. of 'lti:r ktferson "-we laye the Wolf bv:'' ,
-the ears, and s'l can neithe
r
' hold him nor:
sfKely,let him go."- . . ' 1. • ~ '
And `et anti dt has been &mein a legal and:,
eArd,titutional I.‘•ay for the atilioration of this.
utif(irtunate, ralie!of people. The Men of tlie;
revelutiou Itacli to deal with Ile instittition or ,
slacily :1014 found it, andithey so acted 111
1.110 ';f01111:1CIOTA) Of the f2:0 1 Vet11711ellt. "Whoiti 1
these States w4.,re colonies o f I.;reaf. llritain
every one j11:4 . 5 :1: slave province. , --, At'
tho time tlth' C9 - nstittition wat; framed,' twelye
out of the thirtedn were Slavd-holding States.!
Six of the,oingiro thirteen 111 tve now be - coine .
free,:not by al•elition s\ rigitati irissin Congress,? .
gait 1t the .ttcti,oir of the 'leo'lc of the.seyeral
States in -their !So!vereigii cap:City, at home.
..'..
i
• This leavilloi the qtteStin t)' the people . was!
first adopted . 1 . :4- Congress iii 1550, • and
,was . l,
intended' b . * be :;„=Ote ral in its ?ppli Cf4l 011 " to all;
Territories thereafter to be organized—that it. l l
was to be a fituility as to •the principle to I , ei
iroked, bat nbt'a finality la 4 to its appliea-,?1
tion-for - that,Would imply \ that no inure ter
iritories wire ttibe, .orgatii,el.l This, pc*4ioti,
is sustained by the fact, that tin forinin the
14undariesof -Utah and New Mexico, no re-,:/'
si;ect seeni' to Lave, been pail to :thc ,actol :
-1820; fixin.§: what is.tenned tke MiSsonti; line,l:
nor the act: of 1'845 . extenditii that lin.e.tothe'..
.4io del Norte. - ;!, The darger portion on Terri , '::
tory included in. the..kej acts oof organizationi,
,-vas taken-front the Mexican 'acquisition, but
.'
' .) •
tliey include, also; A portion Of IlleTaasTer-,]
ritory north of 3G deg.,.30 rairt.,-and a part of',
.the Louisiana purchase,- which Was bovered.i;,
by that lin . 'e.- This Territory Was itaken . from I
r i nider the 4nt ,of '1829, interdicting: slavery:
north Of 30 deg. 30 brit!., . and sill jected tol
Ole ,actien of the principle 4 of the Coinpro.;„,
, Misd of ; I St ? ), that the Territory thus embrac . :
tfl should: be ' admitted- into -thel Union a$
~'7tittes With or 'without slavery as !the people . ,
thereof might •deterrairle, Thesl..,'-facts ate. J
claimed as i a Precedent for the ac'tiorgaitizing ,
Nebraska arid .liaitsas.„ It, is for these-reasons; j
'and in this!, stale, also, "Claimed tindthe princi
ples
I
ple.s of !ton-intervention as adopted-in 1850 r.!
sho itld Le teg4rded as a finality. , • .
dts'Pe i tinsfylvditiaus we a re..-not the advo,ate:4l
of the extension Of•SlaviTy, and we deny that
the principies.Of the,Nebraska and. itinsaS l
• hill produce that eff , .lL ' Itirierely leaves` it
to the peotile to determine this qiiestion . for
rm
the**. But the Soil, climate and pro;
duetions of that region • are not - adapted to
slave labor -, .Ih:is our , firmbelief that,lavery
"will not enter,those Territories. - • Those. whO
are sensitice, onr this. point Should not clOse
theire4s tO thdl.-,Vidence that surrounds them.
'ijire indcat3ens Ti 4, all opposed to its extension
,talo that•cotthtry: , Such is the belief (111-- . the
iableSt titerOn the uation, those who .advoca 7 ;
Jted and, sptedforlthe Nebraska and KallS.:ls
bill; as woli as: those who voted again s t it.
. Mr. 1)c u;rlaS said : ..
1 ~ - ' -
''' - "I do not:believe there is a• man \ in Con
who . it' • . . .
gress Who inks wonld be permanently 'lll
ISlaVe-Jl6/,(11i1g . country ; 'I have no idea that it;
Icould l - ' ''' - : ''
• ' .
'i... Mr: 11:n)er : said : . . . • ~
" I hav<„no'niore. idea of seeing a slave poll-
lulation iti 6411i:riot them (Nebraska or Kan , :
tsas) than:l: have 4f .. seeing , it :in 'Massachu
setts." , ~ •
Mr. Ed it'larditv rett said: ~ ' - •
j, ain iii.ntej Sure' ei•eryb,odY.,:ulinits • that
this ikpot tu, lid 4J / we-holding. region." - -
Mr, limiter said : ,- - ' . : .
I. Does any mitn.believe‘that yon.lsrill haven
slave-Itolditig S,iatti in:Kansas! or Nehratiqa ?
t , :onfk!i;s that. (Or 'al 'lllolllen t c . I yerti li tted Audi
.:M illtp - ni, ! ii tf,,re: , ..t upon nit' into.:l: ' ‘:.'
: - Mr. Bellpid, tlrpt as respects the-south
2
it was a: (iovi.4 fpr a. trUire: abstraction"... „
• Mr. Benion'iiitidln his first speech 'no•ainst
the bill.; - 1 . .' ! • • .
- ~,
"The (p*stiOrt o slaiery in thcie fte „l rrito- .
i .
rids, if ihroivn ~..p,oTi to Territorial' aciiim. will
question of i rie a quesiimilhersl-n,iitestion 'or olio
nojorify . for 01 ag:AinAt
. slaver:,,': 'and 'illat.
charee vion,hl-the Ilave-lieldeis . have . ie . . such
a contest?: I * Nii Ichinice, at all. •
, - tin.; slave (Nit- -,
iirflids willltie'*itlivonhere.d • and: Cotitelltvi
to ,plity at ':6litii,st . 'tiltiequ'al 'game . ; not only in, •
rpiit :of 0 1 ) 1 i.110.S, s liAitigliPip point Of • States.!'' •
'. :in his''..4,.. o i w i s.pr,e,oi,:•mr, I len ton again ' ~
,Wtid :7-" 4 tieile.l:e i'l the futility of this bill = .
111130'solute 'futilitY a the shive-tolding States,. ..
iandliiat not-te 4:ngl e
slave Iwill (Nei. -be bell
in Kansas (Ili r iamislca ander it, eveit iquit.-
. 61,4. it to. be - pima - - , •
Gen. LtOiist&ll - nid: . ' ./ ‘ ,:', .
,
"'!'hero, w'n.,4-ir n ore Probability „of slavery
i , ein , 4inttodtreeil it to these tetrit6ria ! ban'
uto -Illizto6.l'''l l
h, , .-.• ...; ' ' -
•• .1i !:. 1. .1 , '.' „ ..- ',•• -. .
~
4. 7TEETLY J C 013,11',A,L-DEVOTED
F,ven Mfr. Se• Ward, Who is,astute on this
subjt t, thus I Himself: •
I
leelAuite sure that-slavery at most Can
.get nothing ,'mere than .Kansas; while
1)r:1st:a the Wider region - will escape, f o r; !ilk
reason tharits soil and climate are uncongeik
hit with the. Staples of slave culture,—rice, set
gar, cotton nail tobacco. Moreover, since. the
public attention has been so well mid so (if
•feettially roiled tokvards'the subject, I ;
ish a hope that,slavery, ti ill
• neat be..able to
(rain a feot-liold even in Kansas."
But to.rcnder Assurance double sure, W l , - e
have even a stronger oPinion.from Judge IV- .
lock himself, tit& Whig canOidate for tt...overh
or, who says, in 'alletter - dated Jane 10,185-1 :
“slav e re: eau lia•ve mdegal existence in th+
'territories, either „ by-act - of .oongress, or tin
der the falserete mec of popular
It may in ihot he safely said that * of
acquisitions_ ,of territory from Mexico, theic
- will
,not be o Slave State lidded to the .Unioh,
and ithat:the territory embraimed in. the-LoniS
lona purebae not'already admitted, will ethic
in as free
•
It xhonlil also In in mind, that atiy
territory ;that the United States may here:l4r
aCquire must be-South of 3ti deg. 30 mill.,
and that„ tlmiS, principle or, popular severeigady
-may driVe the itOmititution tarther :south than,
positiveiact of Congress Could do. Nth
should it, be tforgotten-that the interdiction imf,
s • lavery north of :It; deg. 30 min, is a virtu'el
dedication of the territory south of 'that
fo'r slave.lthrposes.- This has been the normal
influence.of suelt legislation; and it' would 46
- doubt cOntitMe to-have that effect. it wen:la
• 11 — ' 1•1';1' - •,
in a -pro m. 1,1, Ity . .ta‘e!,meen .mpoy- eveld
6m . r the country, hail this, dOctriac of Topnltifr
soverei:iruty in the territorics'ilmeen adopted In
1820. We Shotdd mist likely hav e h ai l 'o
larger. Proportion of frete States than we now
have. • • • ?
The Alissouri line was no:,er it favorite melt
sure with the old DeMoteratic -statesman.;
suited a temporary purpose, and !quieted '+-
nation fora tithe, but -It was inaai6!st.lWr.l,:4 -
- 111 principle - ,,and legislation of a datf:reroas
clmaracter,,c:ilculated to divide the country
into geographical section, and create4is.."44ll-4
shuts \ and divisions among the States and ;the
. ,
peopl ,
e.; •
Thonnu - 4RmtrerSon once said:
-"ThisAtis?ouri question by a geograp t lueial
title of thvisiim, is the 'most pOrtentious:ohe
that I have ever contemplated," .
In 18.2:9 I,u wrote to John I kitties
"A g eographical line „coinciding ivith
marked Principle; moral and . politieal l tare
conceivedheld up to the angry ilassifilis
Of men; will never-be obliterated." ~t • I
• ,laines Madison said :
"1 must own that I have always ,icanci to
'the belief that the restriction was not within
the true soPe of the Constitution."
- :lanies Monroe slid,: _ •
"Thii pmPosed restrictiort as to the ti
rirms whiell are to be admitted into the Unhitm,
if not in:direct.violation of the ConAitutiOn,.
is ropitgnallt„,to principles•:' z
We might4,well the listof anthorities I mil
this . F.anle. point, froth eminent,
~.kmerie4n
.
•state , 'inen; li‘jng and dead.
It is.diilicult to force from time mind theille
,
lief that this Whale,subjeet ofisla,Viiry in Ithe
•
territories is. greatly magnitlei,i.• L'flme ri Ali joy
a sovereign statc_to control this subject is mot .
4Es - ctn:se& even 'by abOlitionists.. - The rightpi
establish : ,or !abolish the ifistittition ,is adept-
ted.: The only effect that the i'of
con , ,Tress,can possibly have !mist ltd confiqd
to tge,tei•ritofial probation of a State, during
which tithe it r !can exercise buta inflh
enee its the-social or political of hits otithe.
country, "When once admitted into theVh
ion- with slavil-ry, a. State can abolish - it+tir
admitted without-it, she can establish
Should the pCOple north of,3tid: 30th. in Ne
braska beconle numerous enough to be kid s
milted-as a fli.l,e State, they. could •afterwarls
establish the institution, even if the Ai15:461,6
m line or the act of 1820' hail not been distintib
.Suppo•se4,--for. .r;-fors that any of ,
States coVered by the \ordinance Of l- 1147,
• were at this time to establish slavery; wlicire
would 'th•e I ri - 41 - tredv ?' There would be n6tle.
If the people, Of a territory should Aesire,i to
.I ‘ haVe.the institution:, but perceiving that COI
] ("1 1 .: , 5s might object to thetir Odmissibh
linioa, -they could forbear to .establiShilt until
after theli adMission, and- then del xis thk.y
I might deem hest. Hence the wisdomlowing tam tt pewerto control in the Wenn*,
that Will inost:'certainly control in - the end, ',r
• _
at,a . sujisetinent period.
• k
It is not -to le:denied that there iS •nist
violent
very
unwarrantable spirit evoked t.ty
slavery conflict, that should be Idiseeuh
termaneed by the good men of all parties,
is one of the Cuipins• of hunian maitre, iliht
it Can becoine So unseasonable in some off Os
manifestaiions,: ,Our Anti-Nebraska friends'
I should take care lest the mania of a wild aifd
ungovernable . fanaticism.should possess thehr
as it has :already possessed many others.
inflammatory, and treasonable preceeding,Spf
an abolition-convention in the City of !iv
lock, cwt long shire, calls for the eartnr
'condemnation ofjevery lever of our natiOnnl
•.. I
Wendell 'Phillips said i
The linionstlntintent is the great
which swallowS 4 the great mindsi amid thly
'have power enough for the time being to; !
iluence, the people.. The only remedy forithe
slave is the destruction of the government:l—
challenge any . man for tell me - what the 91
iien has AOne: fey ns." - t
Loyd Garrison propes4pd the follot-
: ) itig resolution:- !- I f
I 44 3 -
14480/fed i That the-one ;land iital.issne
Ito be made. With :the slave power, is'-the
. !.13oltitiop or the' existing, Ameriean
: Henry. C. Wright spoke to:the resolution
utfil ;
said
1 t$N .
:; " • .
"I like 'that' resolution very Olui:11.. 'll(is
',enunt•ri 4,nies"god, or if it believes
do not.. The Christian God is the i most ot
rsed: of demOni. .No ivatOs rights,
- nseatoineki hilrefereace lawi it
t. Citasti t tit i on,1: I don't pare. 1h:11 014. p%
hisflngers) for !ivy sect lxiok ortOnsti ti op,
Oliert the ipiestien slayo7 is; to
cOlAidgrea, of iiiiportabOe
is that 114 earls' of, ilie , :xeo.oo. verilirate
6,4titntion." I, l ,WoJi4fouid, endeatipr, to lo
Away 44 - „Vpd that IPM n.
j.1.411.9i 10 , thaticOwititiit.l6n.l 1114 05 . -0 t
i d*o hat rain,' O,Atislo* the pilp4 i'-reli -
ion of this' coal . :ry . o4lM:till:ChrtStiiiidoie, l l.
that
. ;tie
Cti ll c i o
r se ny s
thi - iiigestiiity4;j4
y el aud Abe, tikilnioktogidq4o)*.
'rids w4s4Uriii 0f :414144-
bi.:Lt.a. li:ftlas Lill terOre C-ongr64
,
- -
OnirOSC, *.nsilneijanna ;COnttilf
,C Ma, <, jillf.l 11
f I
0 POLITICS 1 1T5 3
ITER, ts TIP
• 3
ti - te -1 1 7 4 , 1 7- q T rtrine ' tlie)e - adit ' tg 7 A - h - 4 - .llitiO - it - n — rMt - l ' s - '.
1
wer t lqad' in their:dentinciations - : of tlli, : bill,:
it.4e. f;' Mid treasonitlile, in 'their (. +mim
the etiOit of the
, T:tvet nment. llorae6
l th
ey; iOngh the .k
. i.twYork Trib'yzn.; s:
re . fe eae! to the contemplated pirsage i
Nll ',' . •:j' . . !
.. • ~
" Better that co,nfustott'sboultLenstiej i
ter- bat:discord should,reign- in the Nal
,Conneilti l —better tlnit Otottgrets \ Should '
tip nt wild disordor tiay - bet tey- that tit
it it4lo should blaze hy the ‘torelt of t
caniliabi; or fall atiiibury all its innuttl
, .i
neath !As; crumblinklrtiitis, than - that tat ;
tidvj an.l4‘v,rong to i finally aCCOlllplishecl
'lllteiti Were wank t*F;onable!..exhiti
al I):y.f.he - same.,l4lass of men, attrity:t
cent Amiiversary (4... American i
- a l rildeiken I , •enee,
Al ititi pleks t s§ bells. were to fed ,a; if
mourning for tiolllol great. National Cal: tnity'.
At ratligligliaill, :.I%lassachusetts.treast tiable
spi. , eelti.t4Were deliiiered,.after whielt Garristitt,
;11,0..etates
nted., burne d Ow . Constimiion (fl the
'United' f and! the P . ttf..;itive . Slare i .Law
amid poapplatisty pf men Of as liil.lC pltriot.;,
ism a4til!enoliet A tinld fir
the inOndiary :tint: intim
sentiny4/itswith aespicable fatiat,
einlo:o!iiii4 in indi;etriwite the mind,
.Nortl4.o .!:Such
tit pici-nysors rec4‘nt rinb: and' iI
in l' . .o0t611; trampling the • Constitutio•
Laws Bider the foot of viulenee. • .
• I
Let.liVi thereforeXlloW-citrzen.4, disc: rd the
doetrijies of theAlolitioaists and anti,' averY
agitalkl:t, and look'npOn the opinion; yhich
they, I t i . ioe. promuNated and are now p onmll :
gating, as the fals'o light; thrown out )y t 1
a ncientiTeleralistS l , during the 11lissou j eon
triiverst to mystify the )people and 'rtl4:lin
v ,.: t : . ' - '
last poWer.
I .
. W 4 have great iconfttlen: e in the il . etrine
of ponnlar sovereignly, and in the justi
•(:) and
xi isdointOf the people. Th. s hate savi.,l the
counth.'.iin many in t' a
iportant erhiis in , tuf
fairs. r . - Itl.wa); thejeople_that settled tr
ernimifil; upon. the:Teptiblicati platforn
the federalists of frifiS, werp driven fro
or. li - Orus the peoplewho sustained 3::
•againi4ir the Mainnfoth i bank. I t 'was th
'of tlicif4oplc who!;bak til4y:i• uphe
connttyin - time of war. It is to the
that *••)iritist look for , protection agab
miserable treason rind 'despicabbi wik‘k
enerninS•.of the repiiblic. The ptlOple of _ 4-
srlthiiiii will do tide to. their C.m.stit inioinii
o . blig.:itiOtol, mud tliOr . Etriumpli 'in 1811 an 4
18:534:1re evideinas that. titer ',,:ire rVit. only
Willing)* to be so, Lilt also that they Byre the
powet In be so. Vie day of wild •fan: tieiSin
and stkilid •bigotry ion the ritiestini _of ) , lavery
has p . liilsed by in this State, :ma drerl ettiOti•-•
raCy and. herpeopil; generally lave . :llanted
thein4erves upon 111:c1 ) rineipleS Of 00 Coin
pron4 of 18.50, and there they -wilt'ontin
ue to bone; whetyr victory or 1 3 .1,..1* ea! ta w aii,
the:: '£
. k are v,lilling, to•see the, 'eit •.01,1 Of
the tenitoric:•: det4alintsi in theirTriniarYinst i . ,
sembinges the grniition-of ,domestictilavery
for. thenr,e ' lves, without the contiol • o•r I dieta
tion .4•!the• centraltljovernment, whit i nia . Y
by a hiiirpation . o . power pri•tend.• ti defin,k!
410
the lof freedont :tn.l shiyCry- It k egret:is
1
of laqtfide and longitude, or I;y,`geogr: pliie:d
boundaijes. ' The. Ihnioe.racy (,)1 - 1).2.a sylva
ilia gniriling the (Itinies of :the grO iit, ,cen
tral o,4oitionweddi of this Union,- IN ilitldll('T l e
filitill . linV to the principles oftheConsiftutiozi,
,the-s4e r reigutT of 'the Staies and 'oil • e peci.
ple, and: the stability and repose'of tlie. nr
boil:i 'The-people 'ttpt' l!ermsvlvariia a , -
fisli and,unttnibitiOns,-but they lircjust
are-nirdest and ulq.retending, and slo%
rivinl,fnt•conylusions, but illi•y the pd.,
for got.)1.1: The .pei,iple of l'enn:,sylvan .1 •Itr
patriti,tit, by instin4 , and wilbernsh i to utom
all ty!f!„.eble barriers to . a be:llthy•
, ow i
Trublio, totiment.`llPennsylyania has ' tlwny
been : 1 4 . ,p;iliiiOtic, l!imiOn-loving:. Stein Sli
riaS -141-vs stood 1)).- the flag: of our cnintriol
countty. She is tfe Keystone, Of the ,'Ctler:
Arob,i iiinil standing Midway :betwel i n il l ,
North:: and the Soul)), she constitutes thl) Brea
breakivAter,:again4 which the iraves: of nor
thorn ilinaticisin and southern folly, b 4 ..-! Ion:
sur.gi:9l: 7 ,and will continue to surge in viiin-..
J. ELTAIIIONIIAM, Chairt7-
.- CrblSficE . D. \VakEli, ',Scerettil;y.
• ;-, i . - . •
~_ - •
, .
..
4 4 1V1ii4c iiow :As Poor Judge
li,ck ?"
- Wl,r n .f ud ge PoL Lock u-as •
n om .
na : I
ed,, 1,
4 i . rrn
will e,!rnl...efekl; the - Whigs Made # brew
hie* Abeut his elo4iienee,- and tinileavired d
t ,
me entbutnism by stating, t tat h ,
get. up is i
wouldiOailenge-Gilv. BuiLEit ti) - stniip thi
State nfith him. We Waited for son t3 01111
to seeithe vcrilicatilni of this rodom ntadt,
1
but thp;'Cliallenze 14(110 not. : W.e . hav 11eard
nothingiof Mr. l'oLLoott sinee.hiS nomi uttioli,
except :his secret Vii 4 to ,Philadelphia, o . i6m
the Knelv-Nothingk and some two o three
I
letters W"iittett to wheedle the.:Aboli ionist l 3
out Of ',their -vote.q . ..ll.is • letters were its
foituil4fe as.some Of Gcn. Seerei; atiil the}
'have cntised n izreat! many law v*to tondet.
how 110,btaim;1 tlii.t title of c rudae. -,- ' . i ; .
Sonie:three or foil'. .weeks ago; a lettr was
published-from (3m4 BIGLER,' :immune ?
niz*lii4
readings and willingness' to m cut J uil 1 '.4ePot- i
Look :tt any time and at any place, toiliso4s
any tiiiip that mayl:be of interest to the 'MU
lie. This.was'an open, fair and mull " chal=
lenge;-lint howdlas:ilne - POLLOCK,ait werol i
it i ,M'ain. Not stsyllable hav4.- we .t ward
..
frotn; hurt since. , ' ThiS game. Of 'brag, IWhieli
the Whil,...s thouglif f ito plity,*wonitwin.l Coy.
Ittoi.Enir our, witlijhis hentlet on, . re. dy. to,
eueOutit'iir any feenian *worth or - his s eel.—
IL hai :east down the *tun et, 4ml . let ludge
i i
Por.t.obk take it till if lie "lae. did will find
our chittnpion sourni on aIC the.i great t ques ,
tions 4-State : and National poliOy, fullf cum
petcrittt# defend hi 'coarse, and I.he co rs t; of
the Dt ( lttoeratie party, from all, 4..s..iltii come
from Within - they tnqy. Come, 'Judge! Pot.-,
r.o.cn,''M'Ount the.stninp, and let its hear your
dent' mtintions of potiular .soi'ereiiruty ;: I let, -us
hear your defence of religiens tiigotrii .rind
rantimj - itibpiition64; let ni; . .heitr* you /tell of
the inlitny:and ignoininy,of our bretireif of
foreigiu birth. ' We liad anticipated till; sport
this cainpaign, but *6 hear'lndge ' lidLLoek •
is not 1,0-:be brought i out: :' Wl3 agaitt.iall on_
Out wilig friends to i!trot *out, their . tut%; the
1,
turfia t'eady, and thiiiipeetators hive ga hered;
hitt wadi. them tliat!heAwill not do to Let
olt."—P nizsylva iii all Pub iu t. -:. .' 1 •
. •
; - .
et al
t• 14)
in gnit ri,n. CovtigtOn, RP; on!
•- t I
mond/04st. eras aritst4xl, Kai beforn
the Gripul Jury, indieted, ennviertiad rind
isentenOd yo two,
ywrs epniluennan,
thu d 1.411 %tent (10Wil
•-i
,17 Tyrr , rp
TTT proT. ,
to.u, u
1 Ot;ililg,g , - rptrinber 7 '1854.
,
LETTER' tROM •
,t,l
I , EXECUTIVE ‘4.II i ANTIIIIII,
. - 1111/7/4MIV, .i l lhi l ? 2filk 1 853. i. :.
1.
To llis Exedleney, E. -to ;is - Low 4,
CAniernur 4 Maryland:
iiixinicaAion of the
*you lord ileelin
. arrest and (leliv
ind John liferritt r
tist.tee of , this Stlite'
ii , .e,of mail.. An un
*OA *tips pinst .
IF,xeelh•nev for hay
itowleAgiv,its re-
rev.-
id it 4
r tho
Your .Exeolle tefri
• .
2il instant uttori ring-me t
ed to issue a warrant for 't
ii-call
cap
is in
, S, het i
- pert
n E
efy of .Tlionins.Areeeary
alleged ftigitives front
.the
Caine to haul I.ty,tltte eott
usual pressure of otlier'.ol
plead .11v ,to } - our'
ing so long' de - . l;q'•ed to.it
1 have!examined with Owe solicitude and
much care the reasons tinisConininnicated i to
ine by your Excellency,' or . your. .refusal :to
comply•witli the requisitioa.of the.. Governor
of this State for a warran . to arrest the said
fuoitives,•and regret that Shouhl feel requir
l47to say, after :ill this c iiSideratiorc"that I
cannot regard the, reason, assigned as suffi
cient; indeed t feel cons , tuned by a high
sense of official duty to dhsent almost entire
lv front the 'doctrines pro nutp;ated by your .
Excellenev,„touching this , Infortunate :din%
.I' , efore'procceding to dieuss the important
features 'of this unpleasant .controversy, it
would seem proper that I tsliould at least 'at=
: I
tempt to Temove from your nnnu.,apprehen
•sions, nut•disguised in Nom. commuidenti6,
that the .proseeution of lhe fugitives may'
procei.ded trout prejtdice or. unfriendly
'feeling on the part of , certaltr i t citizens of Penn ;
svlvania' I on, I nn happy ifo say; see Po
tiling, in the preliminaries Of thin case to . war
rant this . impression. • Th(. : Ondieation of the
law and the punishment :if ; crimp, I: beg to
assure yqu, Ivere the lardy! Objects sought.—
The ' very mniable relatioHlAichliave loUg
existed between Marylandiandl Pennsylvania
should be sufficient, it seernl; to me, to relieve
voiir Excellency from - app.4easions , ,Us to the
inq intentions:of the:nit!) I.,iiitic.!: of this State:
There_ is Sure; v , not Iri lig in I:t i , • hilstoryFof Penn
sylvania..to exeit . ,; distrust in-tiii justice of her
laws or the parity of thei , inlininistration.—
,Some exc...iteitient very na urhlly grew out, of
the circumstances i conneeted With this:atfair;
;but I
. cannot. conceive, that i is of "such ,a 1
•character as to hazard 1,4 Sup •emaey'of. the
law r or end:ilk-4:r the integrity Of.trialby jit
t.l
ry ; and I re, ire that your Ex . -'
cellenev .should lutfon l intit . neces.,-IrV; to
"Make any all usions i Whaffler,• that may To's
sibly be supposed to rellettlragraciousfy up
on any of the citizens of a rotherlitni;a friend
ly State:'." Exciternent at ill.mitlirectql feel
ing mayion 'special .ixica. icns, pre6il 'With:
'out, hitt the sacred •porta s of justice, in this.
orderly COmiil(nivvaltit; a a Iseldoni if ever in
vaded by popular Clamor. I The'guilt or lane
cenee.of.' parties is ever established accordin;i•
_
to ;the rides and ,principle 4 the law.- Far
bd- it from me therefore . to . recognize the
right of '!vourExeeilency, •41,de'r t.l-70 tpi,v or
t..
rules of coniity, to refuse oliurrender theac-,
cased on the allegation ti a6t fairtrial Might
not be had by a jury . of this.lSLate; nor can I
agree with you .that the' interest manifested
by the citizens.of Chester 4ciunty, in time gills,.
Elizabeth 'and, Rachel PL'trker, `whom' they
knew to have been ctuied.off from thCir
midst iw violation of law, r ihould be regarded
as ' a very strung and unrenskamble•prejudice;
:nor thatisuch a state of feil , ingin a comma
ityjs to render the 'ends . f 'justice `exceed
ingly
,
uncertain:. .• I c. . • ~- .
:.I shall not attempt to atisver at length the
of innocence Whieli . NO . a have .liev4 pleas
ed to interpose fur .filgitivg,l for I must deny
its legitimacy 'entirery.olpn'e or. tiro ,points,
.l)wever,..Would seem to-d( i niand a parting no
tice. You allege that 'Me ?['Creary went to"
....
Pennsylvania, not as a kidnapper, but for the
solo purpose: of capiiiriii , I Rachel Parker,
then' supposed to be ElizalCroeus, the 'fugi
tive. 's
- lave of Mrs. Pickeoull: The ':answer to
this is,. that the laws 'of Cures prescribe a
Mode : lA . :reclaiming a fugitive from labor, and
'had r. •M'Crairy respecte I these forms there
would now be no indietnu r . at: against him.—
Had. he 'taken, the allege Eliza Crocus be,-
•foro an. Vitited - States • Con•Miissioner, to es
tablish-her identity, ',as , ,the!law; reqUire.A, the
fact would have been developed .that the per
son who'll he win: abbot tolrearry off, was not
Eliza Crocus but Rachel Tarter: At best,
therecore; it Will be.seen lint Mr.' Nereary
carried off Rachel Parker nt:, violation of law,
and •your Excellency. will eartaiiiy . agree with
MC that, he should Lear tliU, eonsequences.. '
• Ilut•thiS whole inquiry i• to the guilt or in
,a
nocence of the accused p. 'ties; is unanthor
ized,.and to my .mind in .4lear derogation of
the letter and spirit of the; Constitution and
laws of the: United :itrieSl; :nor can I agree
with you: that the 'ease ,f. ..rereary comes
within ,the score of that discretion- in•regard
to requisitions which has always.been claiM
ed andleXereised by the Ex 4 ecutives, of the dif
ferent States .of the. - Uniert2 . I have also'
',searched -in vain fOr the c i tifies in which 'not,
only the Oovernors:lo, thb courts on - habeaS
corpul have, repeatedly ga L e i .behind the re.!
quisition and 'have examin 41 intonnd decided
41
upoiCihe merits of the • C !, , s themselves:.--,.This'
This' exnin M ination, so far fr bringing, me tol
a concurrence in your Ex lleney'svieWs, has
confirmed me in . the belie 1.61 a therOis no-I
think in the Constitution o l ithe United States, I
i n't lie laWs .Of Congress, or i lie . practice of the i
GovernerS of the respective States, to . ‘yarrant
an Executive . in going behind" Ueorrect: re7l
'card, tb decide upon. thefficts. Every dug-I
0-estion iwhicli you have Made in defence "of
the necUsl , d, constitutes . suOect, Matter for the
consideration of a Tenns i ltania jury when
trying tl, qifestion of guikor innocence, and'
should Mit, I apprehend, 41ave attracted the!
notice of the ENCC4ltire of l'faryland, when cu.
/paring, into the forms of t 14 . requisition: • . - •
.• • The COnstitution of the:tnited States .pro-
vides \ ' °Mt a person charged 'in any State
with treason, lelony,`Or other crime, who shall
flee- from justiN . and . be. ffitind in another
State, shall on (AMMO of the Executive au
therity of, the State from !Which -he tied, be
delivered up to Ow State - having jurisdiction
of,the critne: -The lavi of Corigr‘lts.dcolaros
‘'.lkat winiliever Alio Ewer tive .authority of .
tiny State,' in the' Union . s'ilill deninad :, any:
Berson asla . fti:;,ritive froM . jOtice,iof th E
e'xec
utive authority of any 'State or . 'territory to.
1
which suekpersou.shall.4Ve fled; andishall,.
m.
umps* prod' nee 'a copy4f the judiament
found,- onan - affidavit iniu d; before, magis
trate of any'such Stateo • Territory •froin
whence tilt: person so 'ehar4d fled; it shall 63 .
\the duty -Of the ExeCutive ithoritY to cause,
him or•her. te ; bo - arrested a I secured and de
livered t 4 the ExeCutive Jtuthority Waking
z i
the demand, or lirs it , ..4..nt ',
. .
`
unlg.4
poiv
cksot
th
curl.
st tlic
fig:•NiCFNT} iVir. A
$s
In Whafi feature.. of this.[ plain mandatory
law - is found tltt .iight lci, go-- behind: the re-
I-',r. --, • • ,
(..!Ord and . iry the Case? —. 'lie , injunction to
deliver the' , fugitive it tider'ilib pivseri bed fo':lttii
cif the; reqUisition= s positlv4. :If ithad heen I
contemplated that the. Govt rnor upon yhom
the requiSition is made Sl4mbl. inquire into)
.ti le \ Merits !of. the as.e, whyl did not (Jong 6!Ss
se declare 1',,...M.V pary andillerrit,nre'ehiirn
ed on'AlieJitutietnient of 4 grand jury the!
highest grade of a prinzgAda case that lean I
he made (Alt ; and still ye a
tr Excellencyillas
felt iequir d to go behind, t tis charge and in
li.
quiroiinto i the fact , of the ';IFC, and into the:
feelings of \ the lie pie whq Might be cal
' Mitch eentrove ljr led..
j.,
,
up6n to nt ti. jar rs; • r ..
has, held between
the Exeettii yes - of the Irespecctive States of the
Union, asto :the 'n eaningqf. the termS'"Oth
er.tritni..•:;'' as e.pr.,.ssed till the 'Constitution
:and tetteling the forms of equiSition ; lintrin
I
'no intitanee that I have be . n able to . diseever
before the present, has an.. 'xecutive claimed
the right to go behind adtMttedly, correct; fc,
cord and .distitigs the aeons/il on theliteti of
the ease: - No obj4etion isimade to form or
RIGLEn.
slibstaneg
Olaived
,p,
as"
...iUil,',.., J. y, y,
is .as ." odious in •Marvi t atull as in rennsylva
niit.". But :whilst admitting the 'sufficiency
of.the roittisition ss to foit:l, you assume' or
infer 'limn .an auth niZed inquiry into the facts,
the innocence - of .the :IcottSed and thett_itsls
"if it wp ild be right for i tlie laws of Pennsyl
vania, to punish a man;. - tuider .such eireurit- .
stances, and if. yon shoOd giyc, your consent
that :t i t:l4l4e . 11 of MarylAtd ;should be exposed
to , an ittijust proccutrOn2! The answer is
that the' law must be'-tidtutlaist,i,gted as it, is. , i--
lt is ni:it for an Evctitive :pitied. to • account
for the cOnsegnotc'es, nor fis - it safe to doubt.
the justice of the 111 w. The, idea that itiStny
duty' as atflixecut 4 tre to fofekPow the kindpf
trial Nlitifdt is to.aWait partiies: claimed on the
reqUisiti n of our Excel I..ricy,.or .theGbver,
her of - at y State iitraly sti - trtling. : Why sir,
to my inind no Fxectitiye - should pretend to.
understand the facits or thil consequenceS.; he
ShOuld be content, Ito obe,yi the mandates of
the Conifitution, cbtifidinerithe rights and, in
, . , I Z...". ..7 ;
in
terests o accused parties .to their .peers and
the taws attic - lattd. Tor view. of the sUb
ject, it rill be readily semi would imposaittp
on. the Executive a! most unorouii and deli Cale
duty, act contemplated bk .the het of ,(.:kat
'gress.- \.,lf it be thd riglikpf the Executive, up,
On whom!. a requisiltion is n?ade; to_go behind .
the indictirietit to.notiee the fact§ for the', pre
tectiOn t-. 1. the :lodised, his luty ii to do So.—,
i
• .•-
i
fhe ha's the. riga to do
,spirt. one .ease; he s
bound to do so tu all, a duly utterly imPraor .
:
ite.,
ticable 'and i nc*ey shouldl 1)0 . attclupto.—:
113idd in Ex i ei:utiyo be.e t kpected , to reverse .
-tlieacti nof a grand jury In the "abserice,of
all tlk estimony i:pm which - the ' indictment
against It accused may .Bare been •found.?
have tli!Jparanionfit effect Of.a,treatYstiPula
tion between the SOvereign and Independent
States, and are not; only positive and..manda
totyM and
requireinents,hutCotitniri'a man
ifest! in 0 illation ias td the • ju iisdiation of :the
effe,iice charged': If it had been intended to
vest i dle slightest disetetionary Delver in the
Mitliority of the Sfate. to . , which the person
Charge( may have' fled, hoped the right; to ,
know ttat the . ell'ened.eliarged is a e,rhap in
the *Ste e where .c. inntitted, -then vtlie.-Inan
-1:
date thilt lie 'orSW be "regin . oVed to 'the' , State
having jurisdiction would: be superflumis.--,
1
If thdrightelahue by - yogi. Excellency_ ex
ista•for the l purpOsdi of protection—even as to
a ciiize . of the State to which be has fled,: it
: follows that it also lexists.for, all the purposes
0 - , trial awl punishMent ; a prineipleentirely
repugnant to, the, Well 'settled
: policy- - a. the
•Criminalla'w,- the jtirisdietion as to thelguilt
Or hindrance 'of the accused being vests ex- -
Chisivey in the ,courts of the State or 'place
Where be, offenee .1 Wai - coiicipliiteti. . Nor is
it.nocelsart. to argtie that legislative jurisdic
tion 'over ibis subject is Ivested solely and ex....
tdusivelY in Congtess.. . :, ' 1.. . •I' .
Thisllpoi nt liii.s•, bran • clearly' .maintained by
the Sii . preme.Pourt oftlie UnitedStates,:i Un- I
der thai view of the case,•ns ,. settled by 'llie
highest{{ tribthial-knowil to the law,•the 'posi
tion Coil tended 11'4 liy your Eirallency derives.
llmlatreagth from al. supposed, tnalogy ,to the
pmcecdings under a writ of habeas corpus,.or
the duties of a committing I iiiiigi;_z trate.,
.In,
these lapprehend the proceeding:is regulated
by the Istatiites of the
\ resprative States, or
Settled by the.praeiiee of the Courts, and can
only, in any case, apply to_ th, .arrest and - de-
teutioni under the lia.tal law— r it cannot inter
fere wit h, the parai timi tau thdri ty e
i f the COn
ititutio , and acts of Congress. As:sinning
ve tr Excelled c
tliatly bad:eoinplied with the
it
.requisilion, and - after the.arreat and . delivery
oftlie accused to t le agent of - PennSylVanizi,
a. writ I,f ;habeas c >
rpus had :, issued . for itheir
liberation, . the legality of -, their detention
1
Could be the' only subject of 'inquiry • before
the court. If, in the language of the Supreme
06114, already TO . fOi'redlo theactef Congre
Stiperrades all. State legislation hp= thelsub
joet,iand by ticeessary• implication prohibit:l
it; liewlean the Eiecutive Of Itt State exercise.
a 'peWei expressly IWithlieldirdrn the-Legisla
'tune,; tirs2n the moS • important considerations.
Even - iii-the ordina ~p ractice;liinder the writ
Of.liabeas corpus,'' I submi* that the oillymat-.
ter properly examit able W \ oulil be' the.legality
of .the detention'a the accused' and thehail
ablenature of ther i offence ‘ It *mild seem . it
innetpriiceetling irideedlto gel behind flinre- ,
;ortll of the.committing . nuigistrate,..anil•in
stOiriliAja collat*Lytay iato the guilt: or
the Very - point .is Smiled .in. New:
.York': end
'llciiibtictss other States. 'ln the case of:Clark:,-.
tkliXelidel i . p. 214, The;terscinseharged had
!ieel.at6isteti. On a : requisition to . thii,..Exeett
tiye 'of !Itivir . •York and delivered to the p - roper.
ititheritY, - and, a writ . of habeas corpus award
ed fur. this liberation. Chief:ditstice: Savage
Orahleil that :.. -.] : --•:. - .',„
I .‘ put habeas es. ,
fore . :whont is - brougi
fugitive from justiel,
r ITY
l auag,e•Of
of the 11
o the lan!
tii i n*:.l
ihould
i.,,r buy
,:iutlile
l'ould bo
ible
t an l, ifely. s
c I could nt
HAIR - lent o'
l(ferous . eo
:, I
itty and: di,
in the iiglq
i lie : indictlik
ii iefrular IV)
1-
Should
rest y
The inc
t
sition mif
,ractie,
were en'
t consent to'
r a precedent
psequenees to
ends ofjuAice, as to
ac
of an/Executike
. go
ent. of a jury; and-a requi
niu to decide the merits of
ZOE
the i.:ou
behind
SI tIOII I
1212!
imps.
provisions
lii.dgo be-
Olt prisciner.ittruitda6n,
by a , w4rniut crow Abu'
Exvcutive of
.otie State 'on ,he 'requisiticin" of
another. State, under the Coistttntititty antk
laws of the United -Statue, wilt inbt in l uirq . d.t. •
tutlieprgbable guilt iilthe
iylnquiry is% whether the warrant:on Which •
he is arrestW states that the -fnOive Laixbeeir
dein:Hided by the - 13:iccutii.e of the Stitpifi*Or':
which :is" allege(' to . have. flO and
copy. of the indictment or •.;
ing hiin. N6O truation, , ted-,
ony sot; other'crithe, certifiob tbe-Eieetitive
litanding him as authentic,' 'nap bein - ptesen-'
this view' of- the ; ituaitiott,-it - tallowi.
then; that. the: only propar Inquiry hy, tlie' ~ -I
ecutirb authority of h State upOti -whichA re
iptisitilon is tnhdo is ftlia.o.trietlegalit.l;r:xif the •
procetiflings.
derst* your, / siien.a...bs
That the 'detrinad of -Alia Eteentive-a t rerin-,
sylanili- was in proper24..That; a. copy . •
of the indictment foundoecOmpanied Va:*
i
piisitiOn, and. 3d. thel ciireace witk
which the parties- were. ciiirgect -
Pennsylvania. If there has, been, it. diebt on
your niind 'es to the . fatter point,- it most: ho
reinaved-by the casWjust cited, Wheat it is al
so held,-thatnnoffeuee lade. ipdietahk bylt"
statute, is a - criMe-Within - the -meaning Of-the ..
Federal Constitution. I.ly stattite, die:offence
-of :.kidnapping - ilk :made .in your
, and the crime
-our.
State as in this, aid tl 0-alma rcar-
. .
ded, as odious in both .
If a State EN'eciitive cannot f.fien,anuer'tue
Constitution and htws, exercise the fight of
inquiring into the guilt or innOienee - of ratf•
ty; cliargil with cnine,What is there in pub-.
• •
ho policy or in,thetharacteristuii - of the case
tinder consideration, to sustain such ilan
gerolis assumption' of
~ povi-en'kTlie- right, of
"trial by jury, the most ahered . and _ tin% lion=
on.d of human institutions is justly regarded
as,the great : safe guard_ of our liberty _and
prosperity. Any other mode -otestablisting
our: rights judicially; must be,•regarded as a
. usurpation of power and datigitrous to the:in
tegrity of our institutions. `.o . et., ; to tltia ,is
tlit t , right to_be tried by n jury . of the vicinage
wliicli criminal accusation dutvits.well
as3 . l a right. As already intimated if tie-pow
' er ko.go behind the - record to examine-the
Nets, exist in' a. partieular semi% it can be _es--
er4isqd.in a general one. If Youl.Riccellency •
his 'the' right to pass upon the guilt • of 11' , '-.
Creary and Merritt in order to avoid the haz. 7 -
ard. of,an unfair and prejudiced trial-la Penn=`
Sylvania, what limit would you assign to "the
. exercise of this power? . Who're shall-tiled :it
ties
,Of the Executive end -arid. 'those - of - die. ju
ry. oMmence 3 Let ithe the ordinary case
.•
ofa 'fugitive from j-ustice,..witliout the-xlainis
of citizenship, and nudistiuction in principle
can be drawn, what protection could, the. lic
ensed have,.ietheprinciple contended for to
be the true one? : If-the tight; exists all, it
exists for the purpose of trial '--and the itiev."
itable,consequences would
and
that the veils;
ed might be twice tried and jeuparded for the
name ceerie.e.. ;If tried and - evfai-neritiitted in
:the State to,Which- he had
. 110, it-would-he"
-no bar to a second trial, for the sante Offence
in..the State front whence be tied." It is"thits
'4parent, that the dpctrine or right "eonten
dk for is not: only!i.- virtual' disregard of the
law, but might; in practice, be utterly deitruc- ..
tive, to the - rights of the accused. The letter
Ofthe Constitution ce i rtainlygives . no"latitudeT
to Executive discretion 'and if not it 'nee&‘karY ..
result from
,its spirit or-the; policy .of the law"
When it woilhqollow . that the' duty, of an Rx
eeutive is a." plamAine. - If satisfied.. that the
terius.required by the ,donstitntiou and laws
.Congress have been coMpliedlwith," and that .
the offence charged is a crint where commit:
ted, there . can be ne'ether.dL4rminationtlian
, to deliver up the alleffed 'fiigit r iYe from . justice
to the authority laWfilllydeinandinghiiii.
The ad in i nistration *of the Constitution and
laws ' providing for, the rendition'.. of - -"fugitite4
frOm justice has been confided - to :the Execii
ti VC .
authority of the 'States " :OA - in "the-Fah.-
s.enot of reviSory'tribnnal some itTegularitY
. .
in :practice. has necesSarlly. arisen: With the
.exception of it few"deeisions emanating front
iridividual.judges
,proceedingsLonitlibearreet- -.
pus :almost the" . only authorities 'bearing ow
the questions ansing . out of. the stibject, ore .
the opinions of State - Executit""Cs.- :Soifer awl.
haie been . able to examine them I find 'there
he ,position assumed lg- your .:Excel--
against .
lency. These controversies have 'had relbr
once mainly to:the -suffictenc 3 / 4 . of allidatitc,"
the-forms of requisition- and -the constmetion •
that should be - given. to tbe"."terini i " other -
crinies" as used in the 'Constitlitiena '-i'..- ...').'..• -
Prior to theact,"of 1794.iMr...Edinfind Ran
tbAph, then Attertiey:Gerie.ral of, the United . .
.States, in di:" , cusiing7 the ter:v(l)464a raised by
your communication of the:l2nd, . says, In
the "";;present instance a.grandl jury-convened
befOre" . tWo of 00 ::Justices of the. . Supreme.
Ootk of Pennsylvania - made, it- the e)ierge of
gujit).and thus have furnished the gro . und.for
bringitig the foregoing personlS:i4 : formal tri-\
al..- - $146111(1".-i00... a prooodoio nOlhhilie.lio-
olare . .l to be incorrifieterit as W obi - U.0;1,14.4- 7 "
ject of his article-M . lh°- Constitution must •
either be defeated. or botrely - epriressive"." For '
between-an ". indictment and trutl-there is no
inkrtriediateexaminationlef the fedi, and to .
Wait for the examination o_-an absent culprit,
-before ':mind ..crino - cinniie! a jedgnictit"
to
-.be few:lc - fed behind his baalc."."-".'" . ..":."-;*
"..
Gov.ArDoi r G
nild :oiktiea, IWw; c'c r annitiiii-
cation to GovernOr Seward o :New York-in '
June 18.1"t,'When insiSting'epoW.the delivery
era fugitive on a_ requisitiow i tustained hiaf
fidavits only ; remarks :' Th object of the
'Constitution-is to secure the arre*Of II r ; criiii-: .
,inatin the State -to whicliNthey iiiiiillie ..td
be
.tried in.' the State within. whose jurtsaii . -- .
then the otfenee l'ir,ftS: . cOlillilltrd,74lld ' 'FIC;C to
try them -
.beforc . arrest;.iii'; tl e ' &lite =p Bare
they inn); be foand. ; : :All that the 1 - COnt,t4ii-
tion intends is,
th:iewton - it persor(ehatied
With' trea:son," felons, or 1 Other erime,-'. in ono
State sluill estatieltite :another, the officers of ".
the United States; or ifYonr.titeellency - please,
of the State in which he . May" be,foinid,' dna
arrest him en the Sane "evidetice r of guilt'ind
lie:More; than Would -hiii"jusiified.,lll4o4t
in the State" whenee-he fled;' IMAndretotetit,
"I;; nothing More than an actitis i ititin ,iiiiiiiiiiie
Of crime,' and 1 t . cannot . ho PqtetidedthiliStke
evidence..on which - the. diaod : lury" . .liti:4ll._
their"eliargeAteuld."4"convvitiViejitea,.*`e rm .'"
blii:;your. LicOlopoylo2:rdetOrttiihe ,Whether
their onel u sionsintre
.Otireneetis ' i ti. iiii . " l . l . 1 " .!"".."".
:. That: learned; gOttleinert . further . 014, :
( thetWOdiSeretron'..te - piii4""npoirits'stifiliiiiiii-
.""
tty was intended 014 corotautioti:Oiti- --:
w9tivp.-. - 14POU , *fleitte 'K -1 ,1004"9./V,'"",i 1 0;"'".".
by 1,14" - nct-44..qingta mitroloxi!eillikw:
Gill ootidiptxilen**'necomPtiny"thp,,. A i i i,„„, t .-i , ,. :
„.eitaiti Cases,-aiitl'Yet The ",til"itni.ilaie-n . -. .„j' , ,if : i"....!".
copy of the bill of indititnieuti.would": 4 ;„ . "-"itA`.l y ,""
before ar
eil in the
C - noolacoct
eney's
Po
thus inn-
Volume 11, tumbir
IMIM
-x _ ~~: