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ti t
ECU Or lIOX. O. A. GROW,
OF, pvissroLvwx?,-,
h e .H env nj Refiresentatires, May I
- . i
. Thilietise being n. the Committee .o.f" - the
Whol 'On the state of the littiou--:- 1 1
?kir. Gnow said.: ' .. .';
Mr. CUAutm.tx : The bill under consid ;ra
tion provides' :for organizing two teriito ial
vver tmeuts
'„to be called Nebraska and kiln , .1 1 -
i
sas, embracing together about Six hundred awl
sixty- ‘ - e thousand sqoareiniles.—ati_ area
twice as large as the original thirteeti-C;Jloq
ales, and extendin&, from New- Mexico to the .
;British possessions,, and from:the western lint- ;
Ats . ofrAinnesota and the organized "Statesr ti., l
Washington rand Oregon, containing tbitr
hundred an4itwet4ty,five nt,,llioniteres - of :ti d,
beini More than a fentjth of all 'the p tblic
lands. now °owned by. the Government; 1
- The Provisions of the bill are those usuitilv
inserted in billslfor•the organization of t4rri.-
Lori:
_movernments, with the,exceptien'ofilhe
fourteenth . secti4n, which repeals f 0 111110
tbe tioig-i • Cc4npromiSe apt as, prohibit
4.lvery in all' thOerritory purchased of Fran
'lvinnortli or the parallel- of 36 deg: 30 Ili
*north latitude. IThe opposition : to ~ this 1i
with the exCeptien of the prOpriety of orate.
izing ; two, territorial governments at•thisitme . .,
instead of one, is-confined wholly to, thise), s
•1-1
.tion. And•the •Objection'to`tlie. - Se.nale ..ill. ,l ;
to 11 - e same section, : (Ind to that provt ,- ,•( . n;
kno7n as the Clayton amendment,.which -re-1
Stricts the elective franchise'', in the `ferrite lieS 1
to 'citizens; +De. It having been the •P'pliey '
of the GoVernment beretofijre to permit Mall .
i)ers?' as residing in the territory, who Im i llide,i
claret
,their to . become -citizens, to]
participate iii the organization, of the go i tFerud
melt, what reason is. therefor their exelOsimil
liis case,lor for their eXtilusion in any 'int-:- .. -
lone? The facts that they are residents
he .
T erriti)ry is-the best .:"vitlenee that,thevl .
e Settled i there iwith the! intention efiinak'-.
it their 'Permanent home, and •-their; oath
1
to declaration .. Of intenton'to Leconte' cit
s absolves them froth allegiance' to -- fOreign
- ern, and clothes them . witli .ourMatiolialii
Why, then, onthe doctrit'es of soy ere)! n=” Ould they not be alloWed a voicen t 1 . ,
.1
t statel!:if society insmOniding; thq i 1,4 i•
1,4 - . , ns under which - they.are •to live? I '1 !lei'
c,itsion'irt, this ease;: there!fore, would: tiOth
IN unjust, btit inconsistent with : tlni . :4;reat
icicle Claimed to be emboiilicd in thi bill
its special a - dvoCates.!i
1 j • ,
• ',La the territory proposed 'o - be' enibraoeq
in "ebraska is one Nast wildciritess, ildtalotel;
by tribes oil wild Indians, Mo.A.Of • :whoiri art
far removed front your s_ettlements, a4d havi
never bad 'any intercourse .kvi.lt the wliitis i i .- 1 .,
And whys honld•they be (.liiturbed nov i r ?--d i
Why . hrtsten on the time When.you inn st Mak ,
tWtties for "the purchase. of their
.lands, [,.vit ;
then. long .train of annuities swelling:l oli All
A ( MIA expenditures'of the - C.,- ' 0 \ - C1:1111 - 1 , ?Ilt [Mil
. I .1 IFt t ''Why should the '6' oNierumentrsr eit
V
P 1
*COS anal temporary •governmentsl orti inf
ilie Wilderness far in - advance of the ti4e {;
-eligintiou;` l eipecially when lit is to ilr i lv tlt
;
red man fro'in hislast forest; hL'ene l'• . For Ild
die butTalo shall ilee front the plants of -NI,
b . s.ka at_the approach of the whifq rite ~t
h ming Oeund of the lii'dian will exist , on
ndlof "the Great SPirit:' Uli.will
the laF
but a few fears, at best,.trfore the Clivilizitti .).
o 'Western lEttrope and the l ' reo•euefated
.! oil i I-
c
. ation of Eastern Asia, commingling - on:t ie
i
crest of . the! Rocky -?.kfcruntaii:is, willihlot4pri-v--
e from the generations of livin nley-tlillaSt 1;
r pre.sentative of the .Indian . race.' True., as
Ilan well said by the gentleman frian-ldi+ - , 1 ,-
~, pir. Citr:CTITF.P.SI some' days sit'ee, thai is
his doom, He must glee' way to I nn advatt6-1
iiig civilizati6n, and the : forths of savage ~ ife
rLust yiebVto its necessities. Ext(lrmirmti - m,
some day, 'is therefore his inevitahle. hite
i
Destiny has stamped 4 the • annals .4 ihiS
rice, and 'tin:leis fast fulfilling 1.1.1 e de
But is it ajwise and huniane, policy, .00 it . ll
ilait 4 tbel.Govertante6t; tieedlesA L to hia4pi' -
i4..5. aecomilishreept! .' r . .. - .l',
[ Sir, what reason. is thire for tit organi4a 7.
ton of any territorialgo.ernmeiat at thiktinie
ver any of this territory'? .. Titer iiimit Ilone
f anyforee, and :that, -lipwever, ith . rne, is
ufEtient:lit is_to have in or qui .e.d.'.govern
1,
meat to protect tp , ecmi . irant,t nd coutemplaz
fed railroad roUtc.otot'aliforn a , rid Oregon.
1
lint - one:T.rritoryisstifE 'lent for t tat pUrpose.
1
•tid would embrace, all he. Whitli 'Population
now settled betiveen 17 h and tlke State i .S.—.
One Territory.„ enibraci g 1 about . ' fiftlr 10 thi s
1
Vast ar , ..:.a,'would form i..contirm - us c,npec
• tion of Territorie.s skirtng the veStern iber
,clf.t.s of all; the StateS, rc.ii.thint.i . a "cuss 1_11 : fro1 :1:
tire ii,thiLs d from the
. British p ssessibrts- to
Mexico. , West of WiSconsin . we sboul'd ; have
Afifinesota . ;:of lowa and :tiiss.ca ri, Alm hiew
Territory,; . - -of'Arl:ansal - and 'l' , '. s., IC6 - 1 1 +10-x-
Sco ; while the ruc"iiie; . eciast, i'' liueld %Vitlt.
\N r it.s.Eagiot) and Or e ,i ni : ` f Why s hOfild the
a • t i f •
ilat
of t
har
tx ,
t+111:
P. 9
. ,
!Government go to thjtclpeuse • orga l ainn .. g
l•
territorial . governments too del:!.p where ,no
white population, and Ino 'occasion for t any for
yea! The expense i)f each oflth,c_.-..e1 - te i rri territo
rial goveiments, in salarit.-4;to officers.] and , the
.expenses ',of legislation wotild b. l not 1;ss; than
*1 . 0,000 a year, hesidts' the exi ease: . if . l,:c
p
ing up military posts , requiring aninerf l ase of
the Army, with its at endant e. penditure, as
t
well-as
,a• vast amount,. 0f . , - elailns ujoll the
Government for ludi:in -depted Ai onitip4n the
Private property of the citizen. SO,. tint the ,
entire
,e, IIF:, of* eafl of .these T.rriltoriesl
would n arly - or quit?: reach -$100.,010 fiyettr..
er
But this objection is merely t{6 th.i. - p opri;
ety of an expenditui 'of puoney, arkl[t....poli
-07 that should . goret l t . our iniereoUrsm!with .1
;the Indiantribes. • li'is, hove er,
_a r itflictient I
reason With me vehyl there sit° ld be lint,-.one '
tern tOriitl governmetlit inst4aAi f tulolOrgan7
• ized at this time.. 13ut the gre t aini.cuttrol
ling obj Action to, er• I-. i littf, ii . . p opOed - by
this bill iktbe rep lof the ; h oori
ce of
e i i
'the.ct of 6th Marc 1, -1820.. An ' lin' order
to disouss hat 'fiu'ei , ti- , n, it Ibi ITI ecps-:
say; briefly to refer toI the 'pub Leal..b.i: orylof
. d a few year. During the first session' kil the,
Thirty7firsi emigre is:, five ",.seu t ratel, and dis 2
_tina acts of legislat ion were inkrafttidlOu your
statute4itx4; and corissteuc.-4.1 the co l MPtninise
:of 185().• It, wa# heralded. Co ihe uefunp7 .hr
its
,frieMls, as an ahnoner of pece, !And tie '
•_. ;dew. Was sent fotth ,over, the.o u tl,4l ivaters..
-.... A. years r.passedaWaty. and no rote 4 . 'clisebt4 -
.
.4 4a l ienr d i n ti.ic,seilJalls.- I e_poliii4e;al. itni-.
innsitie,..s. en.render.l.4.l by the geetiouttl strife,
imdco4est:Qf thersti r ciur e,lir , i k 1 1 ,r: .111",,stt teir.l.
bitterness and "ran or, anii.:l, 4 £ . lllil: 4:V.filiies. i
tettee - evaded tl'whole co ntrYLI 1 ' ' 1
r . ..tity hoine o take a at i'n ian. ,Pl,„: r
..1,
. • .
tY , •vind Congress. with no (lea thatithe ae,-
l ' ibfaatiotts of this-1.41 Wer6lo - be, i 4 :44 - way,
1 !' . • .. , • . . 1
, -' . -
il
ur te distnr i . ed by . tliel question of slavery during
, I- , 1 tn . of service as it Itepresentative, 'nix!
1 I . j
i, tilly ,eSUlved; that, they' should mitt be by any
A
,voril oriact of mine. 'Rut,. befaieithe organ
' ization Of this house, and befors , the ifter-
I ince:of "..in. votl ',proposing to '•disturb 'that
i '
1. , omprortiise,iresolutions wereintr.oduced
. 1.i3,-
southern Member into the Deras.cratie enu
•us; and subiequently into both i branches of
, Y
lonrc4s, to declare 'lit a finality. ': I voted-,
sir, against their introductiOn in any form,
and against them on their final ' , passage, lor
i•easons then 'stated, 'and which Vstill belieVe
tole good, ",that I regaided'any further rigi
tation of theseApiestions at this time as use
le,,s,and unnecessary,,and not ',Ong one of
those who - believed . that disens.iion on lone
s i kw.leTof It wineltiOn is not:agitalion, while "dis ,
l'eussion!on thercithei• is, I could see no benefit
likellv. t. , acertiefrointluiir '• c : " - I know,
passa,„ t e.
i• ' . • ~
,sir, of but oii way to nitiet and end agitation
!on aura subject - 1 , and that is to Cease acting'
liiiid talking idiotic it:, , ",,
,si •
' At ;that titiie I filthy , indorsed the renntrl,=.s
I'd the Senator frojn Illinoii, [Mr. Dot:o uss,]
ircOo in opiq)si lion. t 'these resolutions, in the
,Senate of tli4 United Stites,
w :on. the .23a of
i DeeilDber; l l'Bsl; most, ylicht are equally
applicable:to tlie - present _tithe,. in, which he
said :• . 1 1 •-•
-• 1
' .4 Are not the friends OP the cEinipromise - be
cOtnin.gagitators.,.and will not the country hold
u..i responsible! for that which we i condemn, and
denounce iti the lAholitienists and Free Soilers r'
"Those ‘ahn 'preach peace should not be the
first to commence and reopon an did quarrel:"
• - " lid tis cease at;ita - tint , , stop the debate, , ' and
-,.
drop the subject??.. '. • 1 - ;•
. 'That. was int,• opinion,! then, Sir, and upon
i tlnitleonvietiOn I have .'ialictl ev j or since. ' lint
, i a few months later; and all sections of the tWo
Lit,,lat.: political ipartieS a the country, in . .' cc.,ii
' - ention at 1341titnore Pledged to each other
: th ir: faith atilt . their h,lmor'ttooi resist all at
i:ltdl )ptsf,at renewing, infongres.s or out 'of it,'
I.tlw ;.agitation Of the .slavery onttstion, under;
', ;al a lever skulk or cold, the attempt, m,ay he
Imnicl e." ' Adopting that pledge:, I entered the
Ilea avask of i 5572, and ga , i e in .
Y. best...energies.
- I 'and 1 ett....als . to 'the. succesl of ' the Democratic'
1 party, 'find tlid triumph o f its nominees.* Re-:
lying 4n, the. honor and 'integrity of the party,:
and the good faith Mutually Pledged by its:
• f inerillArs:, I "cengrat ul a ted m vSe If in itssue i cess,',.
.. that aClast there vw' •A an end of 51.1% err lani r:
i tatiOn'jn the halls ; oti Congr ,-, 4 and that - iii 4
leon utrlv• could once' more repoSe in . peace.--
1 Forlhe olive,trarich had-been extended oven
I 4,-I, , ,slies arid'' the; kead ' st:Was to bUry its
r-- 1 •,. , . , Pil- .
4 i - - -..] v •1 -
~,,
, •• •
, I
1 ' dean;"' '' ' .l) e" 'tl . ! - compromise II 1-I=iit eLor, the 1 1850 i . 5 four
bvearti old, we, find. oni =elves in the midst of
i - ,
i another( w i ld:,seeth.mal con t roN'ersy, ainbngita:
h. I tion .:,( the Slavery .Ipiesti,m" i s p2ltin renewed
e 1 in nail - oat of . -Con;ress. The ' ‘ Elise.overyi is just
h'. made by-a notthern man;that great wrOngand
e 1 injustice lias . !been done the SOuth in the legiS
-- 1 latioU of the country hich W
and to 'wl re
;s,
i nmrkable humility she has quietly sub 1.111
itted
d i fOr Mere •than a third of a c:'entory. If ,thp ,
,f -1 Miss . onri compromise be. an indignity and it
e 4Wroitg,tlit: was hi:taped' upon the Nrjurri:py - nlr,,
a own '.5.,-,;its, For, itt the tnne of its passage,;
I
. there: were 'cleveirfree and 41even sla Tholc,l-
h e 1 ing Statr- in the Union, and of the tventy-i
* two sont e'rti Senators but eif..tht in a fall Sen-!
:e, ate. Vpted; tigainSt,it.. Andl Of her eighty-ong
j i
i. Reprc-sentatives : upon this floor, only thirti-1
'eight. So that.Or her one Mindred aid ihnSol
Representatives in both branches of 0 ngreSsj
forty-six'' only.. ; :voted - against I:.this , iigran,
wronn• i s a.d. a southern President con s ummad
ted the I justice by sio:ningithel'act ith tliy
i.,
adviee a d appioval of a - cabinet, ii , ' ajority
of Whom were from slaveholding States. Mr.-
Cay,: in hiS speech of thefith of Marell,lBo,
ii which he explains Ins'eonneetion . .With the
N issonri Compromise, 4ecjiiie4 that, ‘ among
Ii
ose tpho j a grerd to that line were a incijorit:y
ofisout/eerinizeinbers; l : • - i 4. :.
.- • i' 1
- ;" I hare no earthly doubt that I Cotedii; onniimi.'
frith iizyhtho7 : tofahein friendi fri , iiie adoptio n ' (if
Lil~ line of 3( d2g. 30 min.. . ~ :I ,) ;
i Tifeie is bispjav - n .deolaratien tot, .settle . kn',ev
erl.the 'control - ersy that has been raisetl in 04
Ilitll whether he was in favor of the 1-eon:gird
inise 'establishing the ,line of-36 de L,130 min
!..l.r! hart of A'irgiinit. ' Will the gentle
[
man permit me to say a vord. - 1 •
!Ml'. .Gow. , lithVgentleinativill
for . l:,have no_ time . to . _spa*. - -
I t i .r. Slum., ,The proposition ceine upon
tWo polo* '. , ..- ,
1 1
r 1 .
' i it • ' '
' 13. r. Gilow; . Oh, I will explain li. t inyf.ell,
!Air. Chiy Was Apposed to the restiietiOn Mt' the
Slate
1.
olMis.:. ari, but not.to . the i
In ,' l'.,...stablish
uit, of tbis I ite of prohibition. ',', sup Pose
sl
that ls':wliat le gentlend4t alludes to. ', `!
' Mr. Saair. - - '' it lwas not tint vt'avill
-;.. . - -
t:-splain, it . .l a will permitMe; ,
-Mr. Gnov\ . consent telita% .. e,:: the
gentleman tirrie‘for_that pttrprAe.
The record this deed waqi.itie 'Sy
southern inen,.uuder southern i ritlOuce;tliti in
ewl at the time by the . . SOuth as ii . trOMpli,'
and reg,iariled by ...he North as a defeat. f :! And
yet, it is charged by' the .Representatives of
the Southupbu this-floor, day' by', day} arid
reiterated -.even by northern inen, as one Of the
flagrant aggressions of the North in viOlation
I
of Instice and of bonor. •1 - . i :. 1• !:
• Sir, this' discOVery of wroun• an d nittistree
bas',,heen made sines the 23d ofi
p eeember,
1 - Scil, for on that day the .Stfnatari frorn Illi
nOiS, [Mr.lDOut . ..L.tS] - .deti ared, in ! the *nate
i
Of the-United Stati*l.ll4 the. Missouril, Corn
preMise: " lad beeii acAaleseed• in) ; cheerfully
and cordiality by the peOple for 'Min* ihmi n
(la:trier ',Of a century, antl, which! la Il parties
and ..eei,.f,on. of tlte tinio# professed , - o.' f•ci . sfiect
and•eheOsh eta a fair, jastl and honorabk :ui
jtrOmenif."- - And itiwas;:iO 'regarded hY the
therntwets of the last Congl'ess, botll, N orth and
South. For the bill organizing NelraSka,.
;With ill - 4, a Word in it relative to Slaveo,l in
lroducidby Mr; !lan, of
,',Missouri paslell this
lletisel?y it vote of Hint}'-eight.-tofOrty'4..hiee,
ten of lihich were crive by nOrtiteLO! tnen-•,:
•So.therb were but- tilt rty-three -ou l ti?et'.o,, votes:
tentin:i it. Not a wOrd: of obi etidn Was!
.`g . ', ' , .- c .4. , ' I
made to if - by any one because it did_ not! re.,
,
peal the '3lissouri. Comprornise.'' ' I Nor I:ws It,:
then understood, to be 3tieonsistent Avitlit.li.,'
legislation of 1840; .. .I- -. - 1 - 1 i' i' ;, •!.
t, • . , lm - q ) . i
O - n - the last Clay of the session, 1 r.. : °c o:
i.AsOliniself appealed to the Semite to 41te r oft'
this:bill; for lie was - suie - theresi4a n i ii,j4rity:
for it `if it could be brought Or * Irote.,lant) , .
..b,e's . l,!o' lila be delighted faits paSsigti..
. s t . :;M.l:,
ATCWISON, ilfltii.gsouti,Titt urgingl thei;*enatit
to take it . up . dud. i)ass 4., said :-• I . i.: t 'Li
• i• . ? - ,•
".- It it' . eit !dent -that file' Missouri; coniOroarnitti
... • .
.. .
canna : be - repeated .' - Ss' for as that quOtien is
timeeriied, 'we-might as well agre e t o th o i o o *,
Oon of this Territory mfe'as next.iyear4iOi! five
}cars Itence.",--C.G/ebe,S44ld Se*-
siva W C'ene, rest, trot «6, pag e 113. • : 1:11 i 4:;
•
GC,
in.
ill,
11 11
ontrosc, c-so.queliaitiva 4.teinnt,
•
...
What act' has northern men Committed
,
sinL .e oat time ,o-artivini that •you ,no ex.:'
pqt them toido what vun did not. then pre-,
srinie upon their innrilidod to ask to Le per..
ferrned ? / Tit:thigh the, Missouri cornpreinise
Was passed by \the usual forms of legislittion,.
yet, owing to ov - circumstances surrounding
its!ad4tion it canucit, in the language.of Mr',
Diekinson, 'Of New York, made . in , .the Senate
the :I(..i,th Jannary;-1848, "be , regarded *as an
Ordinitry, act 'of legislation ; npOik themajoritY
principle:_ It was rather'in' the nature of a
(*pant e . not
. adopted risl such,
to- lit_siire, but
Assented' to evacquieseed in by all therStittes
th'rOuti i rli theti IlepreSeetatives in tijongi l ess' or
Otherwise.' . llt was a settlenient of it section-
Ostrife, conflicting interests, anti'. centlictin'g
()Pinions; in whichthe passions Of Imen had
be coitie inflamed ; and the patriot trembtol for
OM ftiture of his. cOuntrY. And-,is! there no
faith to be given to such arrangements; to
reconeiliations made tinder such C`ireiiinstain;-
eS ? If you deinot observe the settlements Of
i:frife and diSeord tirade by vour•fatherii - i what.
guarantee hare your that your aliildreli Will
Obser).-e• those made by yourselves? . I
I lint you Say thearrangement '11:1S. -111C0.11-
•iiiittltl9lllll; is is therefore void ; that the Con-
ITstitution secures to you the right to go into
any Territory of this Union; and Omit. there
'the iti' kitution. Of human bondage..'Ewen-if
that pe the Case; your fathers agreed with our
fiitlafrS in 1820 that you would
_naive that
right so far As this Territory was, edneerned;
and . k•- . on liai.e gone on and taken aLi;antage
Of al) ithe benefits 'secured by that arrange- ,
nieripto yin?, and now you propose tee COMC
tll and: those secured to us, an lie plea
, ~
i hat l Outside of State. limits, you. ave the zib-
Reline right to plant slaverywherever Ciefl' . o.
.3,
i T.
of the country floats. If that is one of your
constitutional rights, then there is no °co: ,
Dion: t for repealing this act, for the courts word.'
uith it. If it is constitutional, no northern,.
- malt ought to vote to repeal it ; if tincOnstirii- '
tionnl, there is a tribunal ,orgaiiiied„-IIY the
:federate compact itself . to .settle-Sneli ques
tionS; But if the Constitution itself settles
ony'.rights:relative.to slavery in ilia :Teri-ito
. a • !
iriesimhat are they? It. 'extends the jurisdie- ,
!tiort of ConoTess Over the - Territory. ! AS :the''
..
rfertitory is embraced in no otherjuriSdiction,
it.,i4 thereare local and exclusive, not like
/ ?
ithat over„the States, for there it is intitedmal
!defined, : leag
vineaeli State to settle for itself
all questions of private rights, either' of per
sons or property. but in the Territorics,J
fore the •organization of a legiSlatiVe bOdy,.
what legal jurisdiction can thei* be save that"
of Congress, and what - private rights' arc se
mired .to the \ persons dwelliie...; therein save
those guarantied" in the -Consfitution •itself--
' ainoitg the most important of Whieli is that
' "nOi-}ersen shall be deprived otilife or liberty,
witliouCdue cOurse. of law j .." Before any leg
-
.islatioin then, either by CongresS ortlie.local
. "Legislature x While 'there if; no ' le saljitrii,...ll-c-i I
tio:n of arirokkind extendino. •OVi:'rlihe TerritorY !
sayetlie (3ooStitution itself, how i can, it, by it-4
oWn inherent force and power, i enslave! and'
1.„i'mt,,..1j,....3.5. a - - 1,..-..n 1 -; , 1ti.,i. , Ji : .;- - M .,l ^n.
ofone-4its most sacred and solemn: vomit ,
tii, , s ; ef - pe — rsoual rights? .Bttt when the T'erril
i tory is renverted into a State, it is then .clotli
i .ed with all the attributes'of State
..soverei"n
ty;!and the, jurisdiction of.Coligressj Imind the
j ceristitution,' from being exclitsive !Ikeeine's
liinited and defined, and thus !the two Jiiii4-
dietions 'are harmonized:
H '
I - Upon this point I will refer to the authori
ty', of tiikt one. of many distingnishad naineS,
audio. which I desire especially .: to; 'call the
attention of the 'gentleman from lientuely.
[Mr. BirOKENiirnok=.,] who combint;s, with so
Much dealt to hiniself, the - liarmiteriStic Of
I4s family name, 10 'Well as the sterling . "yir
tties.of an oft-defeated, though! imeOnquezed,
.
Kentucky Democrat, and nlizoi the attentien
Of all others who Were his disciplkWhile EV- -
itql., and who revere his name now ;that he is
dead. . It is an authority -that - Will'''ziet. be
questioned by thern i and certainly', not byl a
sbn of .15.entuckY;lAnd upon this. qneStion 'it
'has become Canonized in the hearts 'of the
. •
American people.:
1 • -Mr. (lay, in reply - Ito this claim I Of Consti
futional rightl to Carry slavery whereVer the
ftirisdietion Of that instrument extends; : said
in the Senate, 2 . 2 d JUly,'lBsol: -j '•
-, • i •
I "If I: had not beard that opinio . : avimed, I I
Should have regarded it as one Of the most extra.
Ordinary assumptions4and the most indefensible
positions, that was ever taken by man.. You can
not put your finger on the, part of the Clonstitir
tion which totivyyts the right or the powo to car
ry slaves from ono .State of thb Union! to any
l'rerritory of the United States.'l -• I i - 1
i I leave the advocates of this do i c'trine With
;their awn champion 'who stood on the ttpor
of thOkSenate 'of the United States icy rebut
;the idea and to declare, that if lie - had not
liliOirrltii., he
mould believe it, beyend the pre-
isiimptien of man. . .. i . ;- i
- But it is said that these Territories are cOm, I
- irion property,' and that iillthe citizens ofi t : lie !
I•United States have couttrionivights in them ;
anti that, therefore, no citizen c . ari . be'exchi 2
I ded front emigrating to them withoitt iinus
•. . . ,. , , . .O
bee and dcgredation. Sir, no one propose... t
exeltide any 'person from emigrating -au di set.'
ilingVin the k>ublic domain.! The
. Territory,
it: is true, isi the-iconanon I property ofi. the
*liole4ieoplel but by the FuderallConstitUtion
theyagreed te . •
put it under .al:supervisory
power, . .That power is Congress t, Congress it
made 1',13
,board of direction otter this trust fund',
`to use it inisuch way as, iii Ithei i i• sound dis
cretion, will be most advantageor to the trust,
and ,will best accomplish the !ob)ectorit4 c . 't
alon; the promotiOn of the Ireall and perma 7
neni interests of the Country. I,Yliecvergocs
into
• the Territory, therefore. as a settler, must.
conform to the " rules and regtilations"estab
lished by this supervisory hoard, created .byll ,
t ' 'common consent'. and- agreement of. the;:
sr Ml.e country, a i nd made one of the articles:
IT
of . compact. No. person has any , separate:
distinct individual right that lie can have set:i
. ,
~ •
. 4
apart, as his share.to u.Se rts! Im ph.t.t..l, any, :
more than he can take his Share of the -Pres-?: -
dent's Ilmiso, or of this CaPitol, mind appro•
priate it tolds.own use. ~ 4 can be used only.
h such way as, in the judgment of Congresv
will conduce to the advantage ,'of the: whole;.?
• Arir attempt .to etclude any citizen.. train eni .7 ,l .
igrating to. the -Territories Upon the sante-coni
ditiOn. ...njitst. '-; that you
,
u permit others; Would of course;,
be
• , , • i •
.. 1311 t you claim to hold there; legally, wlitit .
ever the laws of the Statiim - which yolk!
:
p
emigrated -recognize as .pro ; because -t
'am joint owners Of this TekritOry. It is upo4
no such - doctrine that any Isspenies=of property
is,beld by any' person inithe Territories. lk
— Cat' hold whatever the, tonimon . law of tht
.
'country tecepizes-as inkrrtY, •und-siethin;
' - I.
MRS
else, tillthere.is 16eal hio mitt
where lief comes Nom, whether frond the Nbr
or Send?, from.'„tirepe.'or Asia. All in
thcrefe:re . ; placed 1•41 an equality, tin 4 the rigl t
of ea` Are deter Mined by the rani standa(i
o
and verned by the same law. If, then; y t
t
have an niitinifons Species of - prilierty;oi
recognizial by t 'e, : . common law by which t. ie
rights..Otlevery on else are determined, thien
you, must submitto u iatever mconvemenees
are ineident to flint Epees Of property Whbr
ever Voti may take it. - 2tlr. •lay Said,tiii Ole
'Senate, July 22, i 8513 :. 1 • l.' - - • 1 ! 1 -
i.
'' Nor can I adniit for if single. niomend t int
there Is :illy separate or several rights up ( iti, he
part Of the States.; or individual ini:iniber, a
State,f or, any portion of the people of the 'gni . •
State, tti carry slaves into, Übe • Territories* er
the idea -that. these; Territories are kbld int cem
mon het e Severaleeen.th States." t • . I,"
, i,
In 'Adhering tell any opinion of the :il i ftni
-
ens Kentuckian On the question Of slavery
trust , id northern man-will be charN(llu
r i
lanatitittn. .If,stives ire recogniked - asT
ei ty hyi'the coitimoh law. of the land; 1
Whieh till of our(iights of property - in the i
ritoiiieshrefixed, then VOl can take them tlil
and. old theta as :Awl. ' But if the right r.
.-onlyeti local and municipal enaCtinenti; then,
iheiV Hilo reason for chargingthe 'North with
ri • . . ' . ' - k
a .walitiot fidelity to the conipaet, Init von
should rather blame nature; and reason, ~.nd
coma .
p:Ann law ofilie land,:,iu. thelenactin 4 .. of
whieli ve have 'had no ;part. lihe d4us
i: b
of etthils; froth the tune of. Lord Mani-76 ifs.
ii,,,i),,i1 in the ;tamons Soinerstte arse in
1771, down to Ole pre-sent tin , lav4,peen
•con4aitt and, Uniform, that ere is netoun
datiO*for slavery in . attire on reason, but
that! iti must reSit f, its Support i4o, lely . On lo
cal, 1:14 - . Ile
. 4eitleinan,from Yirgimir. iNfr.
Ba4r , i," 1- ci h 4 just taken his feat, sahllthat
no .0 4ft in the country had ever deeidecktbat
l sla - yin•S. could riot-exist .unless-tliere:w:tS a law
r,proliihiting it: . l ; . • 1 - . 4 .
Itrlr.)3Asix. l : 3Vith .the .11cm - fission .;of
gentletan, I Will say that in th e. case )t*
thi
iseite• the °Onion 'of Lord 314nsfie111- . -
,' 3 . 1 r: thzow.-- 1 4 cannot yield .to the go
man to explaiferd Mansfield's (kis:islor
I linve misstatedf his pOsition i he can c.kl
the, • 1= - 1 -
• Ilut it has bOl decided by yOurewn c
bv'the higjiesi, judicial tnbtmals of YOtit
AateS, oeKetikuaK, Missouri, .T.onisian:l
Misiisippi, thilt * slavery - can onlY 0,
pOiitive municipal regulatiops; and;
bai'e 'only tilt*, to cite a few of them •
Shall it bel9l' . liii that, because in officer
Amy owns slaves in Virginia, that when
'cer• and soldierjie is required to 1.! take COT
or:a iiist in the non,slaveholding',Statester
tories, he thereby haS.a right to take wih
niny slaves 2.4 will suit his• interest of c
icnee It surelY cannot be the'ilaw."— r i
ii,Walker,'4 ilissiy.ti ri, 354. i .:i:
..
"The;;, relatiin of owner and slave iii,
States oil the•tinioada Which it has a . de
ien6, q creation of the municipal slaw."
cPll;:i . qff , olt...4iana, Liensford ti. Corti
3tarlin's!Repqris, 402.. .- • i - . I
•• 4 .
',§lavery k,ieondemned by reri' son 'and ti
wf as4a.as • ve. . ._I a I;ae. !....... 41. - “3 ......,, ', .._ft-% IA
niunicipal regVationsSaii. Uourt
. ..
, stm, Hurry l'al. rs. ,lecher 411.r05-iisi
et qtapprts, t 2.. i-
• ,
.• 1" The riglitif- themaster exits not by
the law:- of nature, prof nations; till byvi
l};
"of the positive law: of the State.:74 l .--'
Af 4issi ll o; r#.,..liiizes, liiTher'silteports,
- ‘‘ The , state of slavery Is deemed
-to he.r
Municipal regulation, founded upon and
to the range Of theiTerrittoriailitw,7—,*
filVied - State* ° Prigg 1:3, Cprntncrnicealiti
0 - Peters, 60. - "
. . . &t .
-tid. as thel, law, Of a' Statei nd's lot
.1...e-1
)':inid the teiritimial - tintits cit; jui-i.. : dietion,-1
ib'enever ojie of its . :citizens koe.s,t,..kcind that,)
he is;divesOd of the incidents of citizenship!
(if ilia State, and takes on thos.e of the - State
or Vace inlwhieh .he - nuiv .he. Ue. I cannot'
carry his Weal institution!; and theitieidents
t
fli him, i,;ut. he. takes upOtibiniself, t le eharj,
aeleris.ties .isf eitizerkhip of tib,.,0 4 e6 whien
le:r.:oe:s - 1, - , • ' ii , I
.:, Put it i*elainta.'
stitutional,f that the.l3gislatioti 'of
20
r;:
8461 " tp,operatirc.;7 for Iterrit`territoryiortho tf f
this llisoUri . caußromise line we; ncluded
Within thCi,litnits. of Utah and NC : ;S * l7kiexie,O.
rWhat.ifl there Was; how does that chang
tp cliatnOer Dririiig the! territOrral exiit
.
Oec of •Utith and ',New Nofico, sla . Very is just_
t:l4 effectually excluded -north of thatlline as it
IFV.:Is on 04. tith- of 'March 1 1 .'20 Fdr: a •Ter-
I ritotAtaLegislature- has no oWer to-iepea),
in any wt impair an .aeti . of Congr . ess.
: then the .let of 18-20, fixing the lined 26 d a ce.
00 min, is a valid enactment, .slavery is pf
leinirse exiduded in all the iterritory :north of
:that line•ilurin , ;. its territorial -existence, no
1, - atter tinder what local j4ri fr idictiOn • it may
ilhe included. - • • ,
I •
• i
There Was nolprinelplc l establislied • or al:t
.14one in the legildation - , 1850 int;onriglept
witli this act Of 18 0 0 ;• for 'there ~were
;laws in New. 'Mexico . and • tab When we re
!_ecived them - front-Mexico,prollibititig,slaverV.
take it to be a soilnd - and ' , J .- universally
ieco , nize'd prindif , le. of international law, that
`the laws':of a .eonquered eoutitry pot
mstent with -the organic law of 'the tonqueror,N
:'ntiiitie.'; in . full fOree till . Oanged' by the cOn
. . .
.Alnc_ling power. COng,res't reftipA in 18i50', to .
,`:eliange them, so they . ren4iained `yilid enact
'Meats fc the Territory just thri :same as tf
tlwv had been re,enactedlby Coni;res_s..' Ittid
!territbritil.governinents were-therefore.formed,
'‘Jeaving tbeyalidity of the, , e 1814 i to be ••et
tied by the courts. And sir, 'wh . tl not do lie
same thing in this inise . 1 . - I.lereas a law 110-
hibitingi slavery 'in the . Territory:, We Propos.e
_to organize • so there VIA awl .I•l.ew'
Mexico,iatuf we left it. untouched ;there,
F
to be inconsistent with our aetiOn: then": we'
I should thePartie thing, That ' l was
the opinion of the •ebairinan of the Commit
tee on. Territor v ieS in the `,,Senate,ll3d.r. DOiro
'Asa exp ireSsel his! - ,report - Oli thehe
first iiitrodneed, before Ahe addition
. of thc•
menciments, suficreedureci,ans i4e'piasieterKics.
And I t !.1. - itits
_to . : call particularl. attentiOn to
the following extract front hisTePort made
on the iintroduction, of the •on bill, the.
4th Of January -
- • .
."-AsCenoress'
deemed wise and iirudent to
refrain front deciding thej,matters'inionit I .•ersy
then, '(4 . e. 1850,) either, li:tali:ming orrc eating
.the 510 - cican‘laws, , orly any - :let% i deelara Ory 'of
the trail intent,of the Constitutioniondo extent
cif the frotectien,afferded by it toy: la 4 re piOperty
in ttiep,Teir4oric;' so„yOnr toinOttee .to not
prepared new to' recomincnd, a dOPartuiu from
the coin* pursued on tltat memehble- occasion,
either by alirtni4 ur repiali4t6r th*'.eighih section
rf the Missouri act, or by any act' declaritery of.
tho'nilinning of the Constitution', in respect
to
r , 31r "14 in dispute." •
,egalpoip • •
13t11, it. is "Laid the south pot ask' the
Ilanciiil; ,l(nue 1, 1854.
repeal of thi4 act, btit'itlis .4 boon rendered
by tbo Forth. AdMittineit,to be so, tow !
stall& your excuse.. It shows that you are
wiilliirg to take the benefit 'Of an act - aver
is performed; anif f tbat to by your own aid,
which yOur •erk.se of justicer would not justify
you in. asking to* 'gone: Why not then
- meet the gyestiokfairly, and say that no not:-
them num Would have ever thought of ma
king I,this. • propositlen, unless Ate supposed
that it would• te acceptable to you. But,
sir, 14as the Ic °rat Made this.tender 1 In the
other, *lug of the Capitol a Majority of nor
thern Senators 4epres.enting a - constituency;Of
only !four Million five hundred- and sixty
three thouOnd seven hundred and fifty, vo
ted against ;It; while. the tnutteen votes in its
'aver represnted a constituency of only four
tiVed hundred and seventy-three, but,
by
Ar-
'nits,
own
, mid
st by
-ir, I
I of the
s (Art
mand
rerri
him
RC ell
achael
be laws
h
ote of
tue on
'fate 0
mere
limitcd
Court
( - 1 Pa.,,
• i
von. ifi thisla)v is con
. .
littlemore than.half as many as the oppOnents
'of the tilt And at .the first -vote in this
llotise on N r4erring the bill to the coMinittee
'of the Whole, of the one hundred and two
northern vdtes in favor Ofthe reference, fifty
foul were Democrats, forty-four Whig,s, and
tour Free-Sailers, representing together a con' ,
stittieney of ten Million Iwo hundred thou
sand, wiiil4: the twenty-three- rotes against
it rpresented a. constituency of only two
Million three4iendred thousand. And on
the] Vote a tow 'days since!to take up the, bill;
there .were fory-one northern Democrats ill
faVer of it, Kith. .of whim . are open and
avowed ,opponents of the bill, so that there
were but thirt3' 7 seven really in its 'favor,,
rfvesenting a constituency 'of three' Million
se‘ien hundred thousand,:while the forty:two
liCinociat4 against it rePresenta constituency
of; four. million tWo twitched thousand, and
the.forty-tive northern Whi,,,,os A constituency
of four million tivehandied thousand, se that
theentire; representation -of the North with
out - counting- the absentees, is . -..three mill
ion seven hundred thousand against it. ' And
of the trinity-one northern Democrats on this
Nor, forty-nine are knoWn to be open-and
ooived opponents of the bill. : This, sir-,
is
the record of the men -anthorized.to speak for
the Nortli, the record abet delegatedagewts.
:.I;nd is it!not entitled tei as much Credit..and
Censideraticiu. as the prOtler, of any, northern
pOlitieal aspirants - With,i I will not Say south-,.
, ern interests, but."..southern.princiPles t" '
But it is' said, no matter whether the Nlis-
I . !! ' , . . •
;W compromise is .ccinstitutional ; or not, it
1 has beei6bandonc-dhy the North,' therefore
''b are under na obligation to'Stand by it any
longer. When was it ever abandoned ? 1 , Is
net thatjact upon the ;statute-book . to-day ?;
Was it not placed there on the oth ofM'arch;
1.8201 alas it ever been changed 'l' Does it
not stand there still as an act of legislation . ?
.
Them sir, howlas it been abandoned 1 ItNis
because i the North Would not consent to ci
itend the line 0f 2 36 . deg. 30 -min. across the.
!continent, as desired by the ! South i If ex-i
tended 'to the Pacific pecan, so as to end ins
salt writer, . the line. would be perfectly just
'and constitutional, so the South constantly'
'declared and 'voted frem 1847- t0..180 !; but
as the lineterminatei, amid the c,rags and
. ,L"--51- 11 ..N-4..9ky .'Mountains, it is unconstV.,
! tuuona and unjust. Jr, itreztliftri ;,i;ii.:: -- i, - .4.54.
no obligation to extend it over the acquisition
1 of territory from Mexico ; for it was iin arrange;
meet niado to apply only •to the I.ouisan4
i' lima+, and as stioli .it . has ' ever been rer
spectedi. Had the North Consented to extend
this line over the territory acquired of 'Alexi;
co, it Would have been' an-act of judicial Lir&
justice for holm territorial expanSion of the
country she would have hemmed herself yin 1
upon twelve and- a -half degrees• of latitialS, 1
while unlimited expansion would
.have beets I
open to the South. iThewall of British poWt-
et woeld hurl back-the North, while the LAth-
Jutted Darien or Cape Horn ' alone Would
limit the &Atli. -. For who believes that the
l'territorial expansionfof the -Republic will
. netl.
continue till it covers this whole continent ?
It is oneef the incidents of our position T'e
-1 Stlitill * or from: the habits of omit people and the
charaCter.of .the• n - ationalities - that surround.
Us. IV,ltile the pioneer spirit presses. on into
1 the wilderness, snatching- new areas from the
wild beast, and beqUeathing them a legacy to
1 civiNed Man, ,it is in vain, yOu Attempt to
stay his progress by meridian lines oi-legts- 1
I lative. enactments. '!. The habits of his life and
the promptings of his • nature: are 'stronger
1 than ; the river .or mountain barriers of nations.
,
And twhen he has covered this'whole coed- 1
bent [with the 'abodes of civilized life; seizing
the standard of thellepublic, lie will bear it
across the mighty deep,:to regenerate - old di'.
nasttes, and breathe. new ' life. into: decayed
: , empires, 'This; -ne;miitter what may, be the.
view's of your stater - wit !or the policy of,yeur
legislation, is ottr.ritisSi ti,. our manifest tlesti-;
ny--ifor energy, enterer
Se, wealth, 'and
.s.epe
rior intelligence, , iire • estiny4-4ind he Who
would attempt to stay it maybe - bornethiwn
by, the tide, but he ea pot change -the .40r-
rent, - • : •.. . . .
~ . ,
.i ;.
Why!, then, should the - Nth have (ion,. .
:rented 'to exclude herse.lf from
,a -participation
in time -O e inevitable lequisttions f thefutere,es
pecially whew' she had heretofore. yielded,
without a murnler, the' lion's share of all;our
acqUisitionN the wholeof Florida, nearly.all
of Texas, and the half of. Louisiana, so
_that 1
thelarea of the slavehohling States te.dayex
ceeds- that Of the free States,-::ineluding cali
fornia, two hundred- and eighty-Ave thou and
six hundred and eighteen square' miles !I . !
• But we' re told that it is neeessary , tp re
petil this , act of 1820; 'ln order to give the.
"peOplc their inalienable rights—theri,ght of
popular sovereignty to be ilie, right of.alieo
pie to select their own rulers;imaketheill9WU
laws, leVy -and ....Collect their , oWn . taxes.—
-And does this bill permit diem to do that, or
can it be done under-any territoriatorganita
tien framed bY! -Congress r.. For When you
deprive them °Ober :'essential requisites, or
either of thent,'yeu deprive them-of popular
sovereignty ? What rights of - popular, sov-,
i i
eregfity do yott : cOpter or permit,- even by
this bill I: You give, them no - voice. in the ic
leetion of their rulers, in the leVyirigand Col
letAing their oWii taxes, for me .!pay tlie .ex-,
reuses -of their: legislation, build . their 'roads,
ant}erect
theirs
buildings,l:blie
ie : rexeette4l(iudiia''9tlcersinvi:'e
selectiot.tlrei.li‘-cno choiee„adizWLom
tire.
Territorial Legislature. • -YOU thus. strip them
of all the essentials Of popular soVereignty„: .
• • It is .one. of the great ;• and !inherent; rights”.
..1
of a people,, everywhere lipen, the faed of., the
.earth, , to, govern - themseh,eS. ' The nhselnte
right of a -people in a. civil'; government 'is to
Meet together 'in 'tniii3s zonVention, and 'enact,
their own lawsond.there eleCt their attn rel-,
'ers. That,;sit;. is, popular -goVereignty s ., and
the f;retit riiiiCiple upon. Whit* 4er iov'ere
- 7 ---, 7" ---- 77 — .* ---,-
nicht rests=--the right of. the'!pepple to govern
thefirselves.-. But the inceirvenience and al- •
most impOSSibility of all . filet- citizens. of. a
State of waist area,- meeting I . tOgether - for the
purpose' Ofi enaCti ii g laws, makes-it necessary ••
to elect representatives fot l!tliat
. purpose.-
1103C . 0, from the necessity of the case, comes
representative governments, insltad -of democ
raCies. Se- the citizen in every A Stctte of the
Union ' IS forced, from the nature ef the 'ease,
to yield :.something of his inherent political
-rights. Your territorial . governments; in. any,
shape, are an anomaly in oar s tsystem of-gov- .
eniment ;11nnil upon the 'doetrine of absolute
popular jsevereiguty, von should. throw your
territorial ! govermnentl to ' the -Winds; and
leave the people to forin their.! . own govern-_
1 - 4iit and manage their oWn !affairs in - their'
min way. ' !
.i What did, the pretented friends' f thisPrin:
cie ofpOpular sovereignty do in the case.of
California,n the only ,case ofd popular sov
eieigntY:Which ever oecutred.'in any Tenito ;
ry , ,of the ,Union I Many of I .the . geiltlerne . n -
here who are noiv so, lOW in favor of popular
sovereignty, protestedagainst the admission
of California, beeauseo the exercise of pop=
ulnr sovereignty by her peciple, in excluding
slavery! froth her. Bruits. Ten; southern Sena
tors, fire of whom are now it( dm Senate and
strenuous advocates of this bill,..entereda fur-. Ma - protest against the adinision of-Collier-.
nia, after her people in contention lia4,frant
abet Organic law, in the, - 4 1 er - ciili3,Ot!thett
Popular- sovereignty, and aineng•the 'reasons
they assigned for dissenting froze the bill was
that ".itLgives the sanction! of lnw,l and this
iniparts validity to the iniatithonzed action
df a Portion of the inhabitniits• of 'California
live which an cilioui discrimination is Made .
ogainstlhe profierty of the fifteen slo?,eholtli:ig
Stairs of Ike Union who are,thus: deprived of
that position of equality which the' Constitu- !
tien l so. manifestly deigns;and whichconsti-
. 1
tines the only
sure and stable' ;foundation on
Whielithe Union can,repOSe." !' ' - '
y =',lii the passage of the ;ordinance of 1787 1
for which every southerniman voted) it was
trot then considered. that !Slavery. was neces
sary
in 'order that . the States. to be forined
';olit of the Northwest Territory might . come
iinto tlai Unimion an equal footing with.the
;original States, - nor was its exclusion consid
ered....; ,
degraiding to the citizens . of the South:.
Popular :sovereignty, it seems, is right when
it admits or benefits slavery, but wrong when
it excludes it. In the j case.. now befere.us;
the Only difference in thiS'bill, and othet billS
- . Which have been passed for .
,years, fer the or
ganiiation of Ten itories,! is the sectioii .re
pealing the Missouri, coMpromise. ' And 'it is,
thatltheryore which.gives.this bill its charac
ter par :rxeellenee of popular sorireignly.
and stilllit is attempted 10 impose upon, the
People, of the country by .the: cry Of ..popular
sovereignty, when ; this bill differs.notau iota
from Other bills, save that, it repeals a.prolii , ,
bitiOrt on slavery.. 1 1 • .' • . •
Taut any territorial government being, tth
anomaly in.our - Political.! !system, the .people
Who go there must- submit to all !the.condi ;
tionsincidentloitliat nriomalous f , positiOn!fin- .
_41..10...4.1__ , -,:i 'I - the tonna-.
lion cif. ,a - iti . ft - i - .."--
petrel- oref Afe= 3 TC - . ' fies.is not-only ..vested .
in COngreel - liiT the Ce4titiifion, but from the
tro
n'ature of the 'Cove mini' nt, - it is necessary that
it shOuld have ilia • PoWei. ' For it -Would be
a strange anomaly indeed if:the Covet-fin:lent
should pay , all the expenses of legislation
over Which it has no 'cOutrol. It would be 'it
strange dOetrine that a banditti of one'hini
dred; who, being the first settlers .' of a Teiri
tory;!should legalize murder;
_theft, and arson
and all other crimes knOwn to the criminal
caletidar, and - thus to driVe off all respectable
citizens - , from settling 1 the public domain in
their vicinity, and yet ;Congress weiild. have
no control or voice in the matter; save to pay(
all the expense of their legislation and sala
ries of their officers. If the power is net del
egated in the clause of the: ConStitution iriV..
I lig' tO.Coilgiess the Making, of all aneea.ful
rules and regulations respecting the territory
or'other property," it f ' is clearly within Alie
treaty-making•power.l•,
!A necessary incideUt ,of the power to; ae : -
quire is the power to govern, and. the power.
1 to-gOvern confers - the tight to make such laws :
as the governing power; shall think
. Wiseand.
necessary, relative to all - subjects of legisla
tion in ' the actiflired !Territory': 'And,; this.
I power is not; of courSe,. limited to the mere
film:thin of administering. territory tts p.rOper
iT4
ty, for if.it erithraces - the poWer of civi v-,
! ernment at all; it would. as well embrace ti
risdiction of slavery as : any other institution.
And if the power of 'i civil government !over.
the territory is not euibraced'at All, thenlivhv
are'We - legislatipg for the
,Territories . to-dayl,
Why delegate . 1 poweri2to their, Legislature,
Send them their governors, judge., and,Other
civil ollicer.4,. fi.s the qualification
_of their vo-:
tern, nd pay. their taxes'? : Why, if there 14
no constitutional' porer to . gokerti in the . Te
rritories, do We' : deny the Citizen, even -- in'thiS
bill, the.. exercise . of the` great \ iittributes Of
popirliir sover4gaty,!• the right to sel4this
own rulers, make hiS own laws; and levy his
'own taxes ? _ ,''.
~
..1! .
..And such is the construction even'oforne
of the ablest living ,4ati_lnten •of the South,
but thave not the time to refer to btda,few
of:them -:-:• -,, . ' . . ' , 11 1
1 “ I agree with those who maintain that right to
govern the Territories 'is in I CongresSP-:-Mr.
Hunter of Virginia, on she Oregon f)illil.fan..il,
1848,.; Appendt.i .corigressip*al, Gloi)e,lol. ,o,
page 901 • . !.• ,
Co
• " I'do not doubt the' power - of Congress' to;
' make-laws for the government Of the pepie who
e
inhabit a territory -belonging . ' to...th r
:i United
. ,
1 States." , .
. I ! ; .. , •
..
~ -
"There is ne prohibition - to be flintidln the
Constitution in respeetltb the powei,orcongresa.
over the question of ili‘inry Whin,legislating.for'
a "Territory."-=-Mr. lUnderreimd; 4flCentric/ip,`..ca
Oregon bill, July 9...5,:158; Appendix CORgres.-_
ionaL.Glohe rri/..18, page 1165: : - - ~.' ‘i. - . il
• ' "., To my understanding it is :therefore :plain,
th4t,;by the treaty-Making pOwer - i ' we . 'have 'ex
p ss authority to legislate for it whery'sktprired.
Now, sitoipen-thi.SlpoWer:what . ate thci restate-.
tions imd.whero are they.to_ be' • found I .:There
are plainly none in the 'Constitution Itself..
4 r . ficulgeiiOl Nokh'citrigitta, :Appendix . Con
iliessianai tillebe,co. 19, large, ;. 171 c - !_. _ .
'The inhabitants of a Territoryr, till the'for
' Infitioo Ola'.Staie:cau4titutitin,.'must there
fiite, froth. the neeessiti.,Of 'the ea* ':be: - :-Itb4 ,
jeet to.the.!stipelvitiolCOf Congress. They.
gatb-o in ther.tettitery in Om -iirit..o4o6,,re*:
.mu tinikbero::... They! . go to . eontestrith. the
sit'age; and ; the viit4. - : beaqi,din .- dominion of
the wilderness; 'outline riot-Of sufficient titifti
ber4; strength; "*lilt .- th • ptoteet • therii 4-
1
selves- alone - ngninst li 0. uncivilized : - ecinin u ...
nities armind then: ;. .. herefore . the :GeneralCovcm
runt pay 6 ;ill . tto - 6perk§:. of the ir'
thti!,liti 11, linuibir 22:=
gove rneut, builds their roe*~ and or" bi-
their public buildings, and, alsAonsequeneei
appoints their executive and judicial .°Meets,
and yet the icountry . is told that we extend.to - ,
them popular sovereigntY, and Congress by; I ,
,-
no; power over theirlegislation. Inuit is not , I !
the construction of the Con&titution, as given . ' ,
to it by its framers, by the judicial interprel
tations of the highest tribunal& of . the land; -
by the,action of the s GoVernmeht foie the . 2
'lay of its organization. to the present hoiti f
and by the opinions 'of the most eminent
stategnen of the Republic, liVing and dead: s !
Mr. Madison,
.in edmgress, in.l7oo;im a gimp'. \
tion'of referrmgan abblition . memorial, 4 4
thus
reported in the fourth volume. of Klliot's• .
page 213 page '2:3 : . , r • i , -
Ile adverted to the western country, and td
the cession of Georgia, in, which C o ngre s s havti
"certainly the power toregulate:the subject °felt. -.-
ve y.; which shows..that gentlen - qt are mistaken ' !`.
in supposing that7Cougx ress cannot constitution- • ;
ally - interfere in the business in_ way.!' .. - ~!
Such was the 6pinion of the man who had - 1
most to do in framing the ConstitutiOn of*
~.
United States. =lf then this power lbe not, in i
violation of the Constitution, what right have i
the South to complain of its exercise becatisB :,
it is ' unpalatable, to them 'I l)id "net :they '
bind themselves to subunit to whateyercon: 1
dition the carrying out of Omit Constitution i
imposed upon :them as w ell .as upon 'the . .-
North ? ' . .i! • i.
But, it , may be asked, why should ',tile 1
North 'care :Allot kind - of institutions a people .i -
select for themselves? ,- Sill k• far. as I tun "'
concerned as a.llepresentative on this floof 1
I. have no sentimentalities•in reference toithe• ?" -,
institution of slavery as it exists in theStdtes:
It is there a local institution; under tbe.P!* "i
tection of local laws, , and it is no eoneein .of.
mine
,
mine any more than any other of the dames=.
tie institutions of the States. I ioukl !*avd
it there unmolested and nndisturbed, with
the people of each State fo devise in theie,otvii
w
time, their on remedies. - [But . in this ~ case
we are called on for postir legislative rietion
—by our voes----to open to the-introdUitietil
of slavery a •ast empire frOm. whitti it is i-:'
eluded by p 'sitive law. Not satisfied :w tld
the settlement we made with you in 1.6 1 5 . 0, y:
which eveagreed. to wa ve .the exereik, of '
what the North regarde as a_ ionstitntional
right, you now ask - us by our votes to permit
slavery to go into territory from whieWits is
e_xcluded by the law of theland.. My answei
to such a proposition is the. language oflyinit
own immortal Clays : 1 - -." I f
, . I will never vote,aild no human power *ill
;ever - make one. vote, to 'spread Watery Ott,
'territory where it does not tow exist.' :, . ''
And 1 might - add to the not less emphatic
language, of his-equally. illustrious Cetipeeii
the veteran Senator of - Missouri ,
ToN,I who to-day hon Ors his constituents with I.
it seat on this floor. It was the-ahnostiljing
declaration . of the One, and having lived as si. -
sentiment 'for more than half a centfiryete,
bosom of the other, it win, -without a onbti
continue among the legacies thattlie 'Wlllhe , ,
queath to the! generations that ailS ' to count .
.
ofterhim. - . • I ;,, - , 'll t • • . -:. • . -
But gentleman tell As that slavoi snick ' •
go there, by reason of '')efirraite ink 4iiiti.- , - - . - =
.There--are,to4ay....notthOf the Parakdkoft#
deg. 30 miii., eight brim) ksid:'atiili - i
thousand five hundred and eighty-nineslaves,
being more than a, fourth of all the 'elites in - 1 .
the .entire Union. IVeTiinistsi indi soil,", And
the laws of nature and God, will keepidayery
out of Kansas, why liave they. not erpellid it
from Missouri, Kentuekvi, Virginis;Vaiylandi ,
and Delaware, during the two centuries am' te
its first introduction there? 'With the same
latitude, the same soil, and the same Clitiaate,; .
the number of slaves 'has been constantly isii
creasing Inall these States except. ;Delaware )
and Missouri. IN'hat- differences of 'amnia
and kit, what-ilitrercht lairs - , of, nittire and -
God,.are to operate in the Territory of Kan
sas to prevent it frOmstecoming a slave - Stetes,
if this bill passes ? But if,slavery cannot . go-'
there, why 'repeal" this sett.' Why exeito
anew angry sectional feelingsif netgifig is tei
-.be accomplished bi, it f I In my judgment", if .
this - bill passes, Kansas lirill become la attire
State; and yet northern men are,asted - - to
effect this by a postivelegislitive act by.theif
votes. If the Missonri act Is echistitutione e
what.'canse of complaint eau! there - lie
~
ds° .
ca we refwe to repeat - it? . And '. .whi le '
there is a tribunal that eau - annul .it i why
ask us to yield our•corivretions on s a' contreg
vented .point I - . 1 _:1 --- -...' - ' '
But a reason urged in and out of this/nail
byithe oppOnents of thishilfis " that
,you are
voting with AbolitioniSts l Mr ChairMari,ts.
there a man upon this floor re traven=.that 1w
will refuse to vote the sentiments Of his tear!
and utter his deep convictions, because ho - ,swill
stand on the record tvlth; some "man -whose)
opinions, on other questiona, he doer' nets sp! , !
prove ? The lien who Urge that reason libel
their own . integrit y oteharaeter no less than .
the injustice they dc's to othenti for noliotibt;
able man will prescrib e a rule of • conduct for
others that he would not be governed byhitzta.
I self. Sir l e shrink fro . in no : companionship bit
the recor d , when my Judgement approves thett
vote ;, it is no - difference to mehe' t itifti
with. ' Nor have minorities,_ art terrot ler
me, Or for, the tonstitnentsTrep ,
t. l .e
tit . 1 1Usy"
stood alone in the Koistoneit !oat &tilt
battle for free and nntMnitheled eatimeree.-0 '
Traduced hy almost the entire pfess -bf -, the
State; aided:by the corporate:cal:Ail of the -
Commonwealth—asp filse to , Petetsyltimia id=
terests and reertaint to their patty obligations
_as Pennsylvania Dernociats;;--yet tincoritip. ,
t\ ted by.patrdnage, and , uruiwedhy power, they
s ' rallied' around and upheld the:banner of free
trade and unrestricted oornineice, nhich their
had throthr to-thehr i etie in 1844- :iihilal the
standard of Demoeracy tisiled, in flit duet. in-
salt:neat every other portitmet'lle -Coinnfon ,
:wealth.' , . When'satis4ed that aig, are right,
they: standby their convictions utsunshinvir
in storm; and .their'retiresetitatite; if Ante _V, ,
them, will antliti Same... -: . •"..... - .
But it is 'said that it is mecca : stay , tw repeal .
the Missouri compromise, in order, lo 'take the .
queition.ef
,slavery„mitAcongresa, aand Co
(Juliet agitation:4y remo,tinglit frent *4014
--
teal are.na. Those Whem4e.tid.stiieelaratt ,
with so much apparent Ogeiiii,f, eitli,ir, i
t f ,
not uildersfund the. real,,etifOitcpC of 8
'North, of they fail to ,eotripplend 4iilttslt ,
sPP . Rir '9f h u! ! *' , o l( i l l' - $ 1 ' ,. .9 - . iiirl d k.! 4 *
d ab
, open aladitanAing iro-4,. , 1tai1e , ww c ^
'were already ttm,Otheretlf ,rutC*hielit,lL-i.14
alone,' would liatitiOried ill'enitelVely. Orev!4‘.
1 in their.,Ovti ;oQel. ' -.The jUdileiosi-
lation tn. this:Bill :in, iefer,oll-44,.0*e47 i&
AO-,4-11g1}- of ii ollo 4 l 'Alatl inl i 0 1 0± has
'givit.thent ill the strength they p0P004.-" ,
Preirieus.lo tho - pa4age of thO - 2-tst*i. Al
° ° •
olitioniboi° VP tlitiii got z.lllO, Aid il .: flOre
, . .If