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.ASE, PROPRIETORS:;.... , - - ;-: . : . ::•-.' :::::•':•,-- • -- ,-- :,].i.i!-. -.. .\• [ -.' .• .. :.•-..... - .
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_ . ....., • • - ---.. -.: --: }. .- .‘ :.it - -- --- 1 . .-.- -,' -- . -.-:- -"- L . - -, , -- "- --- - ' ---.. -'-- . -• •:••• :••• ••': ' • I ...--:'' ••••• " •- . , 'L .- ---" . •••• •• *-
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- • • - • - -
mvTaPrgi . genttrre
The American - Sword.,
...„
Forted from Oppr6siii:o *io;
IVelded when tears Were
Saw \ thy gent work - becran,
Lfberty's ftiend- i
IYho in the'fature wise, .
Rods with troptreti; eyeA.
: Where it shall end !
Heroes; in. oldeii.
Graced-with some runie:rhyme
.\. .: 'Blades used in flight;
Be this proud sword.thy. rune;
While shine the bunand: men:.
God and the right !.
ANNUAL ADDRESS .
9
Nirered at. the Exfiihitian of the "LSttsQuE
-ILUCCA. COUNTY-, AOCICULTONII. SOCIETY,"
October 13, 1853, 1 by the Hon. J. *Rlct:s•Ea
JosEs, of Sultirtia County. •
I'ILTSIDENT AND GENTLEMEN •
My - subject is the book and the plough., 1
propose to trace the relations- - of , those. treat
spbols: Of mental, and of physipal ,
life...
shill' spay 91 the connection `9l‘.. science with
.
the an of farming.: I shall • veak of thO
ease of readinr. on the individual farmer and
I.shall speak of the neoessit7 of education for
•
the farmer's son.
„,
. _ . .
The book liars always been' . _complictertary
to the planet: - Ppetry, and prose - aro Invilt
theliraise of farmer-life and! -farrner-art.—
The golden age of the poets - was, a‘roral peri
ea: their 'brightest iiietnres of halipiaess hare
ever been drawn on the eanrUsi of rural life:
even thetod2; sags the poet of the Georgiehs,
tare dwelt in the 'fields: . Prilse laY;
the other useful nits; political 'economy
lulls us, are but : secondary means • of.working
op f l he vurious products orthe farm:_other-ari .
ti ns furnish comforts and luxurles,' the fir.- . •
mer s.uPPlies . necessarles—the wool, nod . the
andthe cotton; and the sillr 7 -the- mist
and the tneat•—all the prime materials of elvtb
irm and of food. This prase is just: farhiini, - ;
•. •
is. the groundwork of all The arts.. Until man
t kamed to:farm he remained a navage. ‘. T.hc
farmer fUunded the civilization. •Pf the world.
The plough is; he pioneer of , the boot::' • :
'\% an origin so ,ancient, in impoyinnee 1
so admitted, a dignity so praised, it is extfaor,-
dinary that agricultural art at . ihe present day'
t ,
should be so, i perfect: :' • f'..
M9lr.s ef ei Yhteen hundred . years, . ago: de
. •
• su:ihe farm procesF;es almost an we : find . them
:las More eitraordin.try,tAill the social rank .
4f the farmer has even aunk.telow, his earlier
_dignity: the biblical prophets. Were
farmers
W
farmers: the Roman farmers, the Cincinnatue,
the Caoes, the SziPion'ectriquered • tire_ earth,
' and in .the intervals of the fotitn and.therimp,'
returned to the' ilitigh f:Wariinin and''.tutes-••
men,"and advota . ttes occasionally, but atway4
farmers. .During the Whale ghltriens period pf
..- the•C'ommonwealth, no Caning wits more bon,
ored,no citizen, of -Ouintriki4
.farmer: down even to the .-esoph•eve- trade
Athe lingering habits of _the in: e fact
that tbe sisters of Cmsar.Augiiitus,.sim nod
wore the°lrmo:as-of ilizittnagfeia the lirniqd:
Why has not the farnier.itryli4t. even pee'
_ .
with the improvements' of thi'oihel-'01.1.5?,--
\VIIy is the fartnerlierr-lets - no*
than of old? ' ' •
One answer meets ' Ulol3' -4/;
plough h2s stood aloofii:ent the beoi. The
farmer his neglected those studies, which
could perfect. his art and
,digrtify,itie;cr4';.,r
-'lnstinctively( men -val pelntelleetual O ntities .t .
respect those arts and thOsii;rlafessionewAien
nre connected with intelleetnil pursuits :row
crame those men who'- exercise intellealug!/:
A rtt the faimer higkurt,'.iii
brute level 'of meile.pbysicidtoil he Tallies
liimsalfSole4r are DI,
etcelshim. in, IT Will_ — Bcircety44l44:pl#
elevatet rank:l if he repitfge 14 4 ) bo k, t h e
POilities of the .plotigh log pot , 17044)F1L
Bat Jet Size Appreeiste.,ThCtnie
hn art; let him seelitsi.intelleePnit:'ne
its_ physiCal aspeeti let litti'-`'n4ftrOgni:,) , ; ll *i
e° . n afttlon with DierCii44,.. , /a4;;l"tla ' f. o ",'
riot} knoviriedge then;lnlY,ether-141J=1
and ,ttis position is.
!heraldry - and 4n-elelegy;*e-totitiiiiA,l4-,
geolo g y, and inettiori•seif-gep4",m4ina-„physi-_;
oto farming,'the
1. : mat.ctir4J/ 44e*IghOt.guSle
think
.rina
010 4 % .
ot_intellectual oce.
• Panning an ap art-
Amulet! on, tuaity
t° 8413's g °lll ,i7ilei 161 4 7: 4*
?donna scholar:BuO:doidip'entv Air**
of the operations:orttratipOrt jtkkrAildrti
; ea:suety/ do mosia; diat ;thoi*ati*rif , :a":4,
and- atanorea can
th. r 6 ollir
The . tilt ° ciiiiril firlOW
n 171004!4-1f4k,
4 sterY
t * -t hatitarmil , agexit", ill4tiapkte**6lo'
ei l* 4o 4 l l
kale zne:iuguil -1014;-1**.:
Practical art !unpin the eamist,
sfraidielaunali- bcildly , ',l' , a= the open .sei :.
A;ayagei wirii .. -* . w - r itti. edions and Uncertain i
foreign com me rce ,' en it 'existed at - al l,:- . 4s
l scarcely 'eti- the' .otinW,of that domestic iriida
which to :,',.! -,conveyer. en: paCkhorsck'ithe
wp ,
iron April re malt ofner serheard,.to the likte.
4
riot:: . :v gation W. e In. - itslo : fi k tw.v aki .f4l t i..
jug . now .Bat. lence cirae,to. tharascup
practical'art: • thernatica and astronomy
went: oh -rihip-to : new ; tioplements !era
.
.:: new po ere Wore i - ?troduced: nai
lrelminej-41ratlt ia..inaiv: Navigation
founded eir Science: but the : , sailor ,'
- Ihe ship, is. net a man-.of science ;
"'Solder:a or ever .Can, calculate
'-'hoSteets is Course -`: In
- - Whieh guides? t the
- ploughman ;
- ' %G ;
the 41)14 lig
like merier,"
plough rnot beN'
and often [is not,
•
. Thp scieileeit have built nil the
Syletice l furitiabes",thein with intiehinery,sup.
sedes.,ntirely man'e , labor, '.or ; multipliei a
thousa d
ti
fold the power& of his Single anti:— ':ca l'
1 .
I donut MiYi that - the: same great", agent .. e.'in 1 deeming trait
do, as Much for
. faiming. . j The
,„farin present:al prove .whiCh •_is gel
itself with 4iinc - oit eirruntiltrinceS.- tarmi are J ereiii; as-the majorityof
' isolated and apart:-even :nu :
i
the same fitr i in, I lug the land Of: thoia - Materia
:ahoy is Scattered; farm o p eration cannel, !all 1 ha s T urn i s i je d to supply all the gen ,,,
be_ gathered into one gr ey ' work- shop;; %%bere t mankind, is a 'grade of art , whiar may
li
the work, tot many:lllton - d men becera'ee a ' be called; . bb of 't• ' -ril ;- - -
. . _
•unit,.mul nuty be done by a single stearn-ea- of improving the whole System is Manifeat,..-- be ,
gine.-
~Scienee may not il for farming attipt We mast bring our,..lower grade, farming. Up Or' nacre
1 she has ter manufacturiar , and, the inclehanteal to the 'higher stages: we - niust 'advance the - COnnected
arts generally, but 1_ rf... lessly beli4e; ; that 1 higher Stages" to a. Still higher level. Gentle- must- . titen_tiou
she can avail as mach in thc fields ap- she has I men, we• must step •upward - from the mere meats' and mi
l on:the ocean.' jlf ', so, .1 dare - not, oil scarcely ! pmeti , ei3 to the, higher greund• of science. - . This departmt time tat'. „
: dare, calm:1140'111e resulta. 2 Theta - rrner og`tlic I le considerino , the 'connection • of science any ether Conn; With the fin
• , . . . c „
`present day Wen4l)o . asint. 1 . 0(1 . 1011i O - s
1..; the I with p;aetieal farming, : I
shalt first speak
_oi ; geed linnds ; the hands of that skillf.
1
tuut in i!r o , t i. on bi
, h av e b een i n, re , p i, e t It o e h em j stry. : . : - - • '• . , Sean mechanic whoiniented sticeessively
a c . : ll Julaitett On ; the improv.ed . ar of
. ila'ti,,k , a : - When we apply' manures to ....a_Soil wt add grain cr.idle and_ the. reliing - Michine; and
Lion.- ' • • :' - J , ' - '.' I 'a, ". something which causes an :increase . 0 f- thus es•untless sitrriiar itup'rovententS: Mechanical'
. .[
. 13,efore I, proceed to
_consider what i setence j crop, through some age cy not visible to' tbetart.is m,adtance of,agricultaral ; the meehan-•
maY hereafleedo 'on , the far T :1 mug', briefly i f unassisted eye: • The large of the faiiner,, l ie is more re,gularly trained .than the. f:irttler;
11
reliew . ;What ai i t. has.as 'yet, Clone; what (Min- I into the s grtrin so unlike in forth, a Mystery•l iniPoo'vy.eentS in the farm_ iptplear,t is:likelY
ing has 'been, ria-11 what it is now. - ' 1 i !which the, wriselentifie farmOicannot solve; the i -toeontinue to be more rapiiftliati in•the faitn
there - are SeFeral stagcS of .practic, I : fa , i i nl- I ebeinist. ean. 'tic has diSeovered• that Under 1 process.,. The next great achievement of-the.
ing.; I th e loweSt, it ia instinct- in 'a ;than l'the imlike ferin lies, hid alike substanee. • Iris I mechanic; .I trest, will be•aorao,new.':operative
art. 11 It' slightly Slirs up the soil .- ii d 'care- 4-e!ence irai diSeovered the :original . eleteents power to supersede, in theeultivating of, our
less':; e - era - - the 2 4ped, which ,he es releisly of all'SnitsMnces. He reduces the orain to its fields, tbe•eiostlY sinews of .the horsy and the
scatte " An abanitatt. harvest is his ;reward ; I elements ; analyzes it ; ascertains what
the rew q .. 1 of Wpm kher , ihan Of skill ! '. the moats of the manure:are feend lit the 'grain ; -., gentlemen, j.anist preeeid,to another point
1. f
e l,. still more costly human muscles. . - ...
next ye an& the' n t,. i he sows 'and itatis,rnd oe,arials.zea the'sell ;-r*rt,a4n k whefer e rnepts of my Subject ; the inllu+ , peS,of the r bnolt. en
1.8::
' Year'fifter Year hicontinues _ to'crop The land it.c.ontains:ef , any • partienlar crop; tells you 9 - ..... e individual farmer. , • . t il.:-
•, . ; „ -_,-,
and to „reap abundanly, unti at lerigtln4arter ~ Whether it will grow ilit. , crop, Of link and, if 2 . DO not suspect nurnittliinking . that hooka
ninny ears.alt ni... 11 alluvial lands ; -. m o • . 11 ,11e,e- I deficient, whit precise imunureiien;;T l ektpp, can teach rho artbfiarse'l 7 .. l4'''. Such is noteny
dill= w: er4'lhe soils ;re-less fertile.:-eXhinsted,l ~' Few" faiths are - deheient in all th e eleteentii. opin io n -, 110 4 e *lief- make 'alariaert bet
1
nature begins tofail ; the crops gioir icoligiii l l of 'fertility: some rack .lime,. so tie _ plasterit they Can' improve a man who is already a prat=
airy le . 4; the fields are at laSt" worn . out.}' ;some vegetable matter: the deficientv is often j tread farmer; they can mtke hint a better far-
This prima-y stage .i:d' agriculture. ".pracii:: " 1 , tr 1. 1 .'e, an . inorganic Inttna re of small bra lt - ," j tiler; they, and_only they jcan ma -e him a com
. farming in perfeetien fitr there is'not a pdr4 e { and 'ramble p r i ce ' with ; p ro ; p' er ' hn o wj e due 1 plete farmer.
- ' 1.. •. • " ~-
ii of. seiere to atitritr rate it; thTspri'marY stag?. I 'of sails by analysis, the fertility ,of .. the farm-1 -Li reading _the farmer learns hat improve
ial! the nlProredlaYS of of,ritol . ktinen, ti ilf l ' h Loe may :often tie • restored by -a -trivial ontlaY:'; meats_
earth perhapg; h a r e p as( \ th r o ug h, vr tare I witheut preciae knon'lOdite of what is deneient,l farm, - what new implements,: d seed; and
i
I now in. r The exCeptiens : few :• mid ,rirnong:l we rnaY drui lithe', .at-' a gr-t - t - 'expense, are niade in the man ai merit of the
on ;stock are in.trotiuced„ -In Vie course ofaprac,
thetrt 'gentl'emen•Anth : h r ay to say; lisee .al l an d w hi c h A,,..+( 10t , need calcareous matter, 1,1 lA'e, something : werth
„knowing is d'iscoY- ;
t
great portion of / 3', o o'acia ti.: I 'wl-,14 li. 4.•ciola `or %"ie May•iieaP tire yard manure:- Where su--iered.bY almost every thought!" l' fainter:- If,
I - say "the Jame of: own. - , . After a First crop; p: ! rtiuniis vege.table - "triaterial already abounds :', the
: discovery .is: mentioned to the,
_county l so-
:t oy,
. ex t ens i-ol rietyt and talked ever, and published and read,;
ler two, you h le geneially laid dawn yiour • without:precise - knOWledge,
•-delds'in•grask - : his is the right kind. of farrn• ire roientent; - of worn oul'huul, im the sl - lit becomes - the honlmon aain - ,of the whole 1
i mg; t is: e4ky . preserve the tin rat' felih one uncerttun;,,and ex p ensiv e ; und• unless near, armer-world. • Without booka, the farmers ,
Ity - of_ 'soil ;.14 reatere.it whe exhitustedioreat cities, not likely to, besoen elfected. • 'life.may be spent . learning .frOnr expe.rienceo
I is : a %V rk indee
, If We- take a loglif , c r reni - tut:low' is awn is .- liito'he` intredureed - on, what a few hours ending might have suggest,
Ifrom' eve -land ;: :ed it down' Withlrass-40r..,, the : 6 rr n : - tr inet, every finU er : be n chemist? red, whila te_will main ignorant trf the expe-
, g,taxi . , with P -
.. - 1.43 grasses,.. for - lingie'lliii4l certainly: noti:the-analyeis of twits, to Le real- trience of all other ..fitrinen.,....' %Vithoue books„1
' elever ;', turn :4i tr, - det.tly, whet). ive: . p . 191.411;11 5 , *erth allytiiftlg, re iiiireir - extreme-accuracy. [the farmer islinacylainted with the • great be-3,
1,
at
a heary, sward otyegetable matter; laa.`reearet', The theiniit Will be for . the farmer. - w h a t the 1 provements of his.t.it,-Ur hears of *heat; when
tally the'*ittripti whichi
o r grasi and
ns
gkia 1 astrori6 . mef is ref the Sailor ;:ii - fe ll ow latiotre 'the! are already, put' eat, 'arise hy something;
0-ipss crentle; - if we add r: oiiable.iii ifitri••; Work - fan' in 01; 'Same field, lh€Moh. not:, with' better. .. „„' '• ~• - - - • ' I
our :i fspas -ill,'grow better:in : st i r:a_ d .pf urse.l t h e
...a ., me i 1' • Th e h-• •t w'll ar ; i :' But a farmer's reading is not to be Canfiriad
I t lap °moots.
... e pro's 1 i
As a ch e 1 1, • rule,.. 1 1 4w:eye; the fi rst ne4ler • 1 tilyie lila - ialls , "aul . ifi° farm -i er " will, plouoh I tabooas directly relating to hii art._ -general]
'the I:tineerfermer:, eretyWhere, exiiiidstsl his d ic k- ' '• :'.-.' - • . -
,--. '
... 7 , reading „though apparently' noteoniteeted with
! !anti-; is StarV4Orit; iS4ficeeeded 'l4 netiieil ••• "i''' e ' - .." ' pee ' 'ecnts'ilerati 'ln' famine- has philosophically-a very clash *con-
1 1 ''are is a. more -a "tar'ye i I 0 , ~ _ ,
rice whose. fdraung is Of a different •se 001- Ico ectecrwith aaricultural chemistry.. ' The; nection. tstory • trove ts• wor •,3 we co- I
• ••• - •'-• ~., . fi -1 _ • r - - ' . • . -. --' . q • ' 1
...
lii the next gieat stage, the,farmer hfin Pl."; Or nit. part -of . every plant—the :-ninetetiu- i sen fiction, magezutes,riewxpapers,C..,e;CT. the
' his. usf 11 the:twit - 4 fortiliti .of tillit"P"ti tW itt labs ; Of. it.S:lulk-rii, Only. a 'different 1 Mind and through `: its. agcncy invigiirate the
li
He Hives in 'inntrarei: -He draiii, lout ors' :0 ti tta . Ila n ' ; 43 '11the four pitinary gases ; Which j body.. The farmer Who uceuplei Witti.it licio,6,
li - 1 " . .1 t;''' 1 id -
productionof his LtA ' A =.'- 'A : I ' 4l " ill - winter •gs,l" "
sultry t - hi s. l
- -lit n,. 1,..e me ental -; a th. in .sur ans. water. . From atr an watery is oN:t.nert tis,
,noon- Imes, ts. l
1 Weisa nd Wiliam yards ;,.. but he knows troth -lee icily cheep m it er i t 4 i 4 e 3ckn-thaiifoiuril leizure hours generally;Will perforce his pliya- 1
r l
rig
„,,.. tri - • c7l i s juk . artifii a ily:tbe quanti t y i and i f tilt/ m anure for *ii far - i 24--:•
,it : ili;so' -i:aiisllosit 41 labors ' Moye
, eheerfully:And itiorCtil lo diaioyS.. I
lie Wastes what lie breqbYinjudieioits itiari:tge..-•tn , 9t eti ne .tho r e'l euton i, 24 nature : herself !A th ol ly, The farmer - Wite - rea_ds, 7121 ;alter ss p. : zn n,
ment:f:Wltere:llie land has not beep tie mech t .' Li' perfect •,chernitt, .c ' - blies-, them lin,,thelttic .famer : whii, nee,erreads is la,dr4l T ills ,
'.turning.worii ' i;ut, Mid' ther retatien "of erphi . , pad tie lir 'lug plant hy.ter or ie. operatioris; The", , weft' plave ot•the : plough._
.„,. : ';:.. -. . I
'-a ' . 'f : ' od ' understand, ' the 1 - I,gees of ihej•eiri t ud he ht , d;overi'of, 'the the farmer, more than Men of orb '' east
1
ti tT er o '.s sods , is , in - c• s' „. need _ .' . • men:
, ..,..:4 . • 1
I rktii'Acf i exhattatitrg- the soil tOyl p „ ei ese ;l w t i er are extracted by. We _ plants ; are : , 'eorti-;;has•,..or !he ;4 9 9k. • T!'e`Y in h a bit e,1,t 4 1 and,
betty ei j ioi it ' err ' en alo*IY; thotigh 1 perJb• ' A w i ng * n i t, growth-,i ip altb e i r ,i ll i on. ip o .- villages, -. 71is his-` is inienk:_thi;leiaely l
1. • '" • bix -11 4 . 1i tr . '" - 4e - eoriaitiiiie`ef,.4,rfehltdralaiiiand are conYertedlinte siMmonle;:eihleh teldi.''' Ilia. life ;:isjlasnlitted'. indlieliio.•• l - i i
latir. mal;iVe:ei" ; ' - ',.tli - e: grt ' !at'Pr *.neth ' hell ' : ; Ott is the essenthd- : "pro' , -- . oflairriYarit,:nianitr,e: . ;" .ll tirei,r,. 4 .. 65 i i , s „,il t i_ li6 ""..... t ..i. i1 1 i ,,, d8‘11 .1,4 ~.l it:„ ..i e_ i /
those who in. ors • neighborhoods flt . fi callvdtAt pscsvApt4: opi4 ittiral thiide j .dietiiiii- fear . - htrYaedtla Sap family ;' I l e litafi,Wjttrillt 1
1 g ii p i/ a ike r i-;= 'a l ''. i ''::, -* , ::'' I t ' l' ' , 'i:' .:
I Urit4iipi:looo*,... i4ipilinii4,oll:l 4h4-eif i :' 01. 1i ft;' ;'illd :,;' r 4 li ' l° 014 /i ftP ;_ . I:lf * n.- 1
i.- AsclhCrAep far ''.11 . 41")5:.;04,e, 1- Ch ihe. - "c.lo;•er especially, and ,Fib.. triiiolo.l4;loide - ,. ii4y, - . - .Hooigik,:itto mi - ,. , tioiiit`y - il'i l ?miii •„ - ;,
flirmer realizes the greatfact,-- 'MI f itdaMeilni.for dte - Oetpoeitiof: 4_P ,rtmeh.i., 'slow 1 aeon bis - iiffitiettient, Wahout,t toilk ' his
till PrinaPre . '"'a 'gaall' .' fahrilla lat i taalinrewl ea . a . eiieasil* 13 4e 0 44 . :ke -- 4 -gin.e,. 4 44, l argArl'ut t6l3 o -,.' to 4i r ltetl.
are thiiiii* eyitil'OTalii: !Illaltbiq'or.4)f iii ii;iiiioi . crop -4ctoe: process . Intzio& to rice, IthffM_o..kttolet,ortOP a
"etudiee the•in° . - s - 'l:pradt* arcs arti- L ia fiicttiring" namonhOldirettly from air and ~.. i WitlitiViti'4*.hOok;:'tfle•fiiyifiei'll:•eue
twiallY :- . ko - ; oi l -4iiis ; - -- -• i ' I • '.' -•'6 - -.
Ls ~-,skr,Aw. water, and thus making , ;nu farms themselves ; eeifs . 441 r.,, - , It( v ii ,,,
A ra g, for stlut v tam
1 .4
'''
4C I' .---" '• ~.t~ liil I - , iair d , ' f'.' 4 ) t h' -`,, - ieitsvii' 1' -n i = de fiiiiii; increase %ail
. I !.e, earsf, . 1 -e . i .,S .el! A ,,,,Y:7arl I arm_ . 0 too . . ° tm. ill -
'' -oaAlk , _.O 449.rift;lik T. , ..o# l 4 l i...:4"ofiieletifesi=4s A problem not berg:l43llw Ns- - what to do oPt. to ,rPxl.Ort..-0 , 4 10
if he: vesnear..a City, he. bays m 14.4 ;tar j i i itte. - .'reaCh . of s cien c e: What i has already: ifiti - gOartliali*th
;44. itiijm=geteren -- i . 'mh-- - ettls w
!troose'ttbal been achieved warrants the .,, Singelins;' solve ' - `6elifif ; hip
- . ~,,,.. . -
~
lhe litiflinnityiiir. :,lithis , , Pern4a . thet that Clihotstty -- ntsy wrest',Ao,„ ff iiioge ;this
;i . • , . • - ~-, ~ 1 cx:l . "..1..,. •-", , l' '., 4.t. ' , -
ii3F91 1 9 1,1 .4- C d. vet's secret, .wa l e Would '` *OA Is •the
iattar.itaa*4 - 0: ' ,.# 14' gall ' •
tetgaiti!at4Vir_be ,i1;1 prikacts ha'. : 1 -- ' I, * -• of ii i i rie ta r ' -tr
i. - - -- - 4k.i'P 4ll oooP eF;thlook..,i, . _ a 0 .: -4 ,6
. ..._
1.
, . ~.
z .- ~--:-.
atriesiaiOfedithia Ilie
101*dipi6 ' twit" - man' t
Utriti Wk.* P 1411 ditiaifi
kelieleak liiiii - 'i lde.i.
, ' B4t,rinterie
.
.
caanures; with iniproVed farm buildings and
farm imPlethents; with pr6pet farm stock;
with some knowledge of . the true use , of limn,
and: other ititrgnnie marini•ea; it 'marks the
'detest tevel,liihich farming ns a general art
has . yet. reached in . our -commonwealth. ...
Whatyipportion of the land of Peansylva.
nit& might be:allotted:to . these Several' stages
of art, it is iMpossible to' say ; my opi l t nicni ia!
that we hare:cu re in" ihe..improving stageg,
than any othert,,
Its : of tholhaion; . but i have
,
no certain statis.irs. Ths lands of New Yorli,
we are told,, have been deelining in annual
product for,years past. Ohio, 'the oldest of
_.
the western states, is said to . be in the same]
condition. The sea-board region s of the South I
are rkr,fect ilinstrationi'of the first stig,e , of
farming; presenting worn out.acres of barren
Waste ? interrupted only by 'the river courses,'
and- by. occasional spots where the process of i
lting the soil has - been httely-Commene.
the Whole the present state of practi..)
not satisflictory. 'The only - re
-iwateneti wish to. im.'
• shown. To raise I
do, by . dr.ain- .1
"Morel
- 'ofJ
, aT
a f.,,,,,,,,.," 46. - .fi tm in g
Jew, , 7- ThibliltOriic :.' l, !!'
44 4 Si *I
itif: i.+64arliifillLOitelb!.r. 71144.
i 4 7k" - eui-f . tind)33 1 4 imila - Ao§:= - 4 6 ,-; . i f , * B P ea • ; c.!..- 5411
AU; tp .., „ ~f. - - • ,a,..,..d.,„ 4 0 , 1 however,
I - tail:ail Ns - ix4itil l 4 l /7 'q- .041 k ; l u,l' ,-- ~.', -
._ .
2,t 1,
9 ..; .• .- t• ' --
___, --- - ' .. ",i, , m. ,.. 01 , 02* ' , ' " ', dig -sel%?iee `of
--:
111,-±-,' , .4 41 'iiiiiii&ClM!.. -:
Wh '' • --7 " -. :r 77
fmmis l. v ; Ar : -';':;- - ' "dements ..e will - :1ne 1 04,9 1 :i% ..-, , •
.the -
south-‘9 1.--.4...N..40,vir edy'
'...", 7.
fiiim*if4.o4.k . Fit-, * 437 1
.t '_,_,PtPl.
ibei01iii4: 16 4 . "i . ,..: .. H:" . ,1
..4
IM-2 1 ,.0.
~ .- , 'dint . r i .. T - ( , ~,,
. - .., 4 i
,aut i , bi„ r
. bait* Oistailessengei;bui
tit gam and nernop3,Actimpnitat
to the farmer, may not be A .
lotheri4ct will illhitrate the: inquenee . of
mai physiology, a.scie.ncei ieul.it yet ititril-
Iduced: to the farm. Through - -rei - ent French.
discoi'erieS, The milkirig qualities_ the. .cow
,-
can- bb accurately- ascertained, it. isl.said, from.
.her bodily pointa and types; this is so; it
will go 'soite Ways to cur dairy owtt
ers—:that there is'something-not dreained
ain their present philosophy..: _ • -
". Onel other . seleheo remain to be mentioned;;
„which rather onght.tO be,lhin is: mean the
scierido Of viticulture itself~' ',Science is art
- redneed to order, and made, A. system of set
! r •
tied principles and fixed rules: but farming is
at pressent a vaftuajiitnbleofdraditiorial'Prac
: tices and' oubtful theories.
.. 'All that is cer
',.tain in this a; ricitltural eh:lei,. may es:•;11 •
I reduced to order .but to form a usefutseience,
is - needed an extensive range :of experinients,,
to- test dOubtful, 4ild.l,4),discover non.
processes, experinients ithkortimately too cost
ly.for individuaTenterpri•ie. Expetit;leats ate
the ground-worit of •
without experi-
I siler
ments we can have no agpeoltura ,
I sufficiently eiteifsiye te .MOC:11' practi* .
. 404 vie,ean lave no - fixed rkles, no indi•.tpu.
tale, system which' every ; farmer , mai be ac-,
with, and can his. praetive
pet-invents 1 trust 'will before ling
;en by a liOn'td:or.sgrlcultuNi state
' some state society.,
talkie:nee of".science I
tuabiserF,
sad imple
farm buildings.
• rapidlyt:'lhan
Oslo Winn. The
4 4 "
I ja1 4 .0 1 41'0 ) flak
I . 3 i rihol : 4ti ,f 4l 4 : 4l4 :* " Pß l l‘•
taporbent-of, purittneklipta4,
tni-lic 4=4* '4ll'ei"r
„.fk›
sit `-• ' •
it or
meats iiit 4 Clig.biklfi * 4.4l l #4 tr a i l 44, 47 • 14;
: 010 1: , 11 1 ilts * l 4 l' l,****, l l`_ l * •
lonai oetkiii;twiipiiksog„
tiwsh bitcr*4l 6 l l4 o4tiCistatiee;
sip:AV
,I;bidiol
Nu you artist ans.wer, - Nult •
.14 education realfy_ is. - f
- The farmer's son is pat eirly to wo , ;.atid,
iihe iroWs . np,. he learns fairning bv it _ Out z. -
aril; until it sixteen •or eigitte'ffn y he, i
,'prob.it;
:bly-asieod a farmer,' as hi s father; h't he is 1
he better. - He is not exactly the •lad t at car-1
tied the stone in one end of hisan' b to , balance
. 1. 0 0
the bushel of grain—beratiSe his father had
done so before him; lint hetle . very , flinch like
hiin; at -all events, 'ha is +lei - in:tinted ' with
any improved Stage's of lIN srt, slow different
.is .the training at the you4g ; meehanr, who
serves a regular apprenticeshii) with some skil-
NI master ; and is even obliiedin some coun
tries to travel abroad looter! to kire Other i
master's improvements.' 'Tir 1:
The
The saeol edifention of *0 toy-h•mean-.
while kept oven pace. Hiif-Scholarship is as
hap-hazird as his ; farther .ettift.. .Att the best;
withthe full literature of : , t)) .. Districti school
, _ lit I
•he- has' :.learned " to- re a d 'write . and - cy
?beef? in sonic few sehoolgl he has acUniredn
little geography .'and hint rf ;_ in ionic , very
few,-his actiuirementi arc titill - more.- C.Ninety 1
_nine cases' out of the hundred , it is th e, .dadow %
. s 1
of education which - he get s , rasher than . the
substance. .- , Nothing has biiendivie,_lO'enlarg i e
his mind . by= introducing . yin to the IJ I institu
tions and characteristics oNtber.countifesand
to the _events of past-tithes; to , 'elevate Lig
thoughts, liytualOng, Lira ,leiinainted with the.
glorious universe, in which,;this Earth-to the
uneducated man so vast—is but a cOntempla
tion : to Inspire him ' Withiinoble . sentiments
from tho examples of hertile,tneti. ven the'
mailing' which he is qatd•tO - • have learned, is a
cheat ;Ter it is - the knowlcdffe of lefters lin of.
ks ; The only boOlui,\ which he is acquaint-II
- biAng, his du - 4.-eatildii lesson books.—.l
',,
Lech ti.uf,4t th l habit of Ireading.,; l
without Which._ tie poiver is! ,
• .obstruction.:' His first
jt almost everV boy ' l ,'
-ected by better
is'nOt likely
tlt& wish to
ti , dess and
'CiT,I3cI9
t6fAvorahle; have not;.
acquathtabge and. 111, after,';,
to 'tooeh - 14em oxeept. iu d!sljte.
- :Ent Iliere ! are far:ni'er!s:di'ls'whos4
Atai*ei allow the ill:ruacr,te of - - : 1:lio.elu
academy. and of ti!oreiebtO llita::-. :Thy.
.itedies thl :I4ghet..:!iiig.l4r Lice, of .the
. Prik,l.seientere ;. pßfif,..l . i
..: tire,. the . I;.atin;
Greek and *dal* log* ::: • The far'
' 1 : 1 ! 1 '**0ur4 ,3, :b 2 5 1 !; 10 ,t.1r40) buOils4egiii.
Of; academical Ilk beireilie,e . ifitelfEiesu fier
tastes and habits..: *Ni l * 4' ae : nO mans. l .14
'lior of any land, blefieOdg: : h:svai.graiie amid::
o ;Idly -delie.ate, his iit . iielih4 . been . i . finer than.
the fartairs Ordlear.f, ortiti 10 .ass+#arliare
been' weak YiaOpeigie slid: weak 4-taiing, i-ip...
moo perhaps-4hoie, t tititkal lade age . slia•a'.
lisiti•OnteeiprOftlie . in 4
.labo ..clasies:- 7 .
ilie.fitrnees Soo has lic e miaspb 14r,..4 . 0 40: :
spy
I.hai. lost the halittiOf.ih :f
:*ortn : ;..ae
. the is lesfi
lio the farmer. class,; be. 4112. only
. T . -.• - tino,r •
1 ill oohssio."4i.: : sii. mi.', : - .!4:1.:. µt, ,that 1
r t .
i . mi 9 uid not advice an]ylairOefitt
;' , /t/ioliiVatioli , .
I ion' ti piria . ii hts Ottit iii, gibe jiio a noif'
t o
I 1e c , ":440 ed!iiatioti: . ::pil4f:iy4O, 45? s ;ivi.tiiifrnii:
bito.Ootiply frrit:tlerMkt; 4 - will . ranjetfAlM ;
in . .Many:.-toapeetslOairli; for it, 11114 . 4..5i . i1l
' " dia ' ' * bran c hes .•
i not .teu:b . ..him' •
.th ppm I tar , .of
ilrio'wledge'dett*leledliyilts higiwr. stages. A
i farmer's so n , Oueitiett..atlita. of oitr.colieges,
_ . .
''may -bee.ogio . kmii 7 o , hilr . v.4.,‘R *Oll4 fad
. ..#3 . .• r;.biit is likelY,tif.*l.!.Nrse. fail4i., , :- :.j
If the Means. of •ei!O piiii•-tlyis: d 41.11istivo
We tfistriCt ielliOnt.iii; ailtiltli'dioolleg . e.tOO l
alien from ilirag.'bo ;is {6o
. armer... 1 .:
1 neatio,h.rs'ir . 4? . I`l4: l :ciiiist .. tis min g* - ... ofint•
Os . M . Syteii.i. ! ininti:St l ; . 4 . ; I '4" thtiti.il4.
II 1
; inatitoo4 . B.l* . iiiiit:M - i e- friiilefeiiii:
I sedtfieCollete.. ! .. 04i . T 0:4 1 ' - .';‘0441
teleyeted .061 eeri4lall ;Offthe ' 'aligtietialki
Ils
ll* fitted for his. rifiiiio.3 l igith'ititrtile . .hiii:Olg
; lid feettotielliilitlea::...Tl* - Colfigei:itialt.liglic
fcitlitied'io.eieet:;oo44#oo.l:.l44lii)f:*
0 1
.. iiiiiatili;lidQ.Stas . olieili.:!ot,iliiiiiioi.ii:
ttr-- .1!.
' . .A0:.4 1 **0. 1 041 .:10.41 4 004.4f1i
' o4o* Pe"l44oiii3l.6idikititliriiAtt
1
take gi*: o tAr.4i4l4 l a:; i ti.jet 3 64 o . l ;o9 4 l
1 • ':ii(iiirik:aoivori4inat4s7fit...:', f ; : s.*: l 4ll2.4liii4
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*dijiliii#oo: l kiiiiti . 4o.. .=
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.Whoa thgrAi;iar,i's-. - iiiii ,- t.tiriiA. *501:. -
4x-4iuroiork 4. lo'`'. a rA li*q# 46 *
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44 - 440#1w:. 0. 7..-:2 A...!qcilsf - .**f .
`ilig' . .iiiiil'..4ol 6 lo , 1:; - . ...41440.04
on ififfili aii ii ir l iu . -,:ti • - 0 0. to .. taitriot .
.7''. . . ,_ .
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a
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ii.irll4.g.*#l:o. L 714 I : : ..,111 1 i**i!
* : 4 ; :f: t 41:: 2 • 47 .1. •;r4,_.
i-:4a...tkokiv.i4hiitoil'. -'. -1 -7 ' ' - 'a g ° ' - .
s *Or iteaelt4L. l o.W. ;... '•
T . ''' - ' ' ' • " Ili . :
4Mlliti; ''`:.
• •.. • ''... 4/4-- '
4 •. • „ lAt
•
'".
:.:: V•••• ''
'thgt to,
hse:tiat : :*
effect; but in: smite peighhorhomis adiff4riiiie'
E .
net . a l t.a!l flattering,' to the farmer.::chtes/64i1;..
ready perceptible. This philosophical. viesi'oi l
the cOnsege epees of - flit:fel:94 :gradea:a; Ow. I
i catipi ' - ftit the children-or tho:viilage and the'i
I ehilJ i en:of the fairn.ia toe seriedi to .1343-'aitaht;.
1 ed.• fAhe ihrmer donut, wish fo Sink' tit the
socialAciale.;_ instead of - rising, ho innkTeteintle .
the rural schools, teust.-place the grade or
edui!ltion. on a More .uniferin ierell I .
he . mist
re•Orartizo ,tho general sehnol sy s tem.
111- limits forbid-my speakirig,of the detaits
of a ieforrried organliatioiN:lbirVl - mei! "Make
ra teir general - suggetitions:`,li firiMe - refori3
stronfd ;he ; to separate .thenifi . ce orsitpetintcied-,
entf.schooi from that; of .secretary of :,;the,.
Icow ton lf ,
eilth: - : Theie' .aie' &ides onoigh ti)
4i
occupy the Whole time:ot, one;i'uncliiinary Of]
not/if a boardef - edettriOn.At the outset the
seperintendentisheiiid.viSit r the.ditTerent !bun;
. Ilea pf the'State,..should-,c;plain hy 'Proper ifis.:
cedrileg , the 4ecesility bf an:impreved .edata
tioluilaystem.; 4143trid . : enlist •in • :the..!ausg.. of
our rural :poptilatien, without' whoSe hearty
[tp;ttiimration any - general irnproveinent 'ig .434
Kf:ttiti ithestion. ,Am they reform would- he - 6. 1
systfm - pf- educating, tea Cheri; or:eicittniningl
them, of:giving them certificates of mtnpiOn: 1
ey according to *their t" .7 eapective:gindes;;With;
out iinpiovedteachers ',here t,a' a he, nolm-
plot 1 scuolars. 4,nathur , great r forto,AOula
be Itie introducing i lof a - ischoul lib r aryb into -eY. 7
ery.distriet sehool:1-The-success :r sdlop:iii
trraties in the suntiy kchool system;4c.ini re- - 1
1 Mariable, • that: it is strosigo - i 't.hti' . it:a:ninon
schools , sho ul d"not'ltaro sho ul d res o r ted to. , them 'S_
.
listrict wheal 'wigicint it eche - int" lihrarf IS ;at.
me4.a - bairen ahstraCtion: ,'AnOther.iniproVe 7
metilt, . though not so;iminediateti . iitiPiiitljd.;
wbtildheconnty: high schools., for higher grndea
•atiaiiiition..•• Nature has sown hreadeast: the
1 or great qUalities, which periidida: and'..l
.in ifireinStanet...4 it fails within il*--gri..
. l alluenees:ol'edtledtion,atidthere'grn Ws to:
a giant in the land- - ; yere ofipbrtUnittei l reite'o,
yr *kforerY 04 41 11 . ( ;,N 0 Pre , whP'ea.ugalcill'
late' what gentuj'Atild.- - he developed 1.-4 hat
orisments and ben' eters of thi'huniaii-aee
mould "arise. `, '" 1 1 .
al
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