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crime. "Open your public domain,- and you in• society, lie dove up ti Part of natural rights Beged/ord--andi having gorgeous _
'enee found a place in
, etre
(him a large number of that chum,. end that, in order to enjoy the cdearacglis - of i an , e_rgan ., -•:- t e h n e te l . m w o hi ks, ch it m lias an ! l b s e w o o n zi r t e i tai o
t u a l
to by th l i lie pa r s e t v a e r fi
iii th i e se earth, l7
8.. ri
i .
, -.-1 ,,, 0."- .
. _ ___ __ _ .....n.".......-.. '"1" too, the better portion of it, to become .pro- ized community, : ~ . '
' I aware .. i .ro. rem 'sox, ' . ;, ' ducers Of the necessaries of life, instead of , This is a doctrine, lam aware, of the books to time-honored ' ' Thehtmum mind 'seen ti•
mere consumers; and you then place them in' and treatises on society and Governthent ; but is se - constituted; that it is prone to regard as- over
,
•
• ,f -Hon: G. ,A. Grow ' - a condition to help supporkthe Gevernment," it' is a doctrine of despotism; and .belongs not right-what has. come down to us approved by, b• - •
. .
ar reanssitivanti.: : •• ' i nstead of as now being rho me.ans,,in a great s to enlightened statesmen in a liberal age .. It long usage and hallowed by grey age. 'ltis a
er or less degree, of abstracting front the tare. is the excuse of the despot ii_eneroaching up- claim that had'its origin with the kindred ids
. • . ' - 1 of Represent Wires, drank 30th, ~1 •
I ings of the citizens to supports your Ails. on the - rights of the subject. Readmits the that royal - bleed - flows only in the veins of
. , s Homesteatßill.- I .1 ;
„ , . , houses and criminal jurisprudence. And sin encroachment , - but claims that the cifiken gave exclusive few, Whole souls are more ee
I . lit „, &ga s h ft luau, come forth . an fi d e v id i s e , w
3 being - in theCoinmittee of the ' addition to the amount of imports each family up part of Ilia natural rights when' heintered beeausti.born timid the glitterof court
outgo of Nature: . walk the waving
estate eif the Union on the bill !to ' may,C.oosume, the market for domestic menu- into society; and who is to -judge .what ones died amid the Pony of lords and ecir'
tgrieultaii, commerce , ; tnanufae
reel, or pierce . 'Pie
factures is enlarged and. extended: ;' Floc Sec. he relinquished burins, ruling power! It: was therefore they are to be installed
Ear 1110 silent
II - other branches 'of industry, -by retiry - bf the Treasury estimates that each in. hot necessary that any, of inane natural rights law-givers otthe race. Most
Th, deythi of the ontrolden wilderness, -
every math *he, Is . the' bead of a dividttal consumes , anntiall3 . , 81%9 worth of should - be yielded to the state in formation of afflict society havehad their
u tench thee: Thou hest learned be.
isit'ksb a : citizen Of the _United' Stoteiti, a ' all kinds of products, iecluding furniture' and ,society: He Yielded no right but the right to and, wrong enacted into la
fore ~_ of one hutadred Mad sixty aerie-of clothing, seven of which • being for imports; do wrong, and that be never had V' nature.--: of tho past, and ' {stains'
ii,ritca _ 4 ,ia hi r wean of Death bath falle
f the publio 'doniiiiit,' upon condition
ear • I Berna l thirty
~or forty .. of . the , remaining $93 All he yielded in sntering . into society : was a the present. '
wi t h m atch* skeane:a on thine ,
ney and cultivation of thel,sante, for I ought, probably, to be set' apart for the. ptir- porticos of his r.enrestrained. liberty, and that - .Is it not time! yor
Vet dantailtell thee with a myriad tongue
I therein specified-- ' - ' :
ichase of articles not manufactured orlro. was, that he would submit his conduct; that be .' books its 'stibi,-
Tbat life is there—life in uneotintea forms— ftoAr said: .l ; . • . :
duce bf himself. Thus.in every • family of fore was isubjeet to the control of holiving be. wiped out the
Steeling in silence through the hidden roots,
nansuarr: The bill under iionsideM- . seven you furnish an annual home 'market to lug, to the tribunals to be:established by the the narrow.r
In eery homed that swinge—in the green WI
to it only isrovides for , granting to the domestic manufacturer to the amount. of State, and with the tacit consent thailtoeiety, adapted tl•
A l arming grab, arid the gay, simmer di ead of a family one hundreslaind sixty two dr threeliundred dollars, while; they are or the Government., might:regulate - the mode spirit or
Thstfuldeu the betiolder. ,Listen now, f land on an actual; settlement-and cu!- producing the necessaries of life to make the and Manner of the exercise of loin rights ; but right , '
hike shall teach thee that the dead a for five years, still it involves the en- exchange with ; and thus add so much to the why should he copsent to be deprived 'of them? '
' It is upon this ground that we justify resist:lr
testion of the proper disposition to be real Wealth of the nation. • , .
slept .r
of the-public 'ands. W ith - a= of But, even if the Government could- derive once to tyrants. And whenever the rulinr
But st man in more glorious forms— •
aen :hundred and • two .thirddi millions 1 any revenue by the actual said of ' the public power so far encroaches upim the natural rig'
And that the mystery of the seed's dews,
lof unsold and unappropriated land; it be- lands,'lt is neither just, nor -sound policy to of men that an appeal to arms becOmes p'
hist the promise of the coming life as a grave question' what is theibest die- hold them for that purpose. As long ago as able to submission; they , appeal from
Each towering oak that lifts its living]; Bon tole made of it—whether to cede it 1839, General Jackson whose sympathies were to divine laws, and plead the et/torn'
Ta the broad stmlight, s in eternal streng he States in which-it lies,'to bedisposed ,ever with the sons of toil, and whose heart was' man in their justification. The r
Quits to tell thee that the scorn died A. they think Proper, or for internal iii- as warm as his will was stern or his intellect and that alone, is just which err
The 210 west that sprig above their
niementi and school purposes or !to grant penetrating, said in his annual message to Con. fends nil of man's natural, rig'
itilimited quantititia to the actual settler at gress on this subject : , him against the Wrongs of '
h ave i :ce barely sufficient to - cover the cost of "It cannot be doubted that the speedy set- But, it may be said, al''
Are eloluerit with the voice of life at
arvey and transfer, with such limite',' and re- Bement of these lands constitutes the true in-Ithe rights of men. ye'
And the green trees clap their rejoir frictions as will prevet its .611i:iv-into_ the t o e f r a es e t: u f o th tr o y lte ar p e ub its lic. p T op h u e la e t -e io a n ltl: an an d d
th stLep b gt es h t , right to these land
wales in triamph o'er the earth's ran 's• of speculators .! 'Passing over, for the source of revenue
4, 0 s o f tient domain. "
Vows ahne shall dower and fore , p nt, the first two propositions, 11 propose. part of the. population are the, cultiv
Theses of triumph and the hyn brie yto consider the latter:! • ii . i i the soil. Independent farmers are everywhere i ts origin in *'
'•
The Meet brood are ihere l—enel T e power given he the Constitution es to the baais of societh and true friends of lib- pablo of o.•
ffis se of,and.thake all needful rule* and reds . ortv." ' * * * " To`put an end forever to all terminat
lttlatters ia the,smshine, bIY
ulati ns respecting, the ter ritory or other prop = I partialond interested legislation on this sub- not ar
Pita the close elements of ' city rthe United-Stator leaves the , mode I Jett, and to afford to every American citizen ir: r
eland, . an& nner ordispoisal entirely : to the discrel of eriterprike the opportunity of securing en i t
lolling, as it flies, how life cr - lion f Congress; so that it becomes a lees; independent freehold, it seems tame, therefore
. ,
nits glad busty from the glc tion Merely of sound policy and:correct Jews. best. to; abandon the idea of 'raising a futr
lolled; it is therefore the.daty of Cengres.s tee revenue out of the publics lands."
Wens the embed- mould b •en ,
exercise it in such a way as best, iAipromote Though the old hero of the Hermit'
ha ' the real and permanent interests of-the coitM wrapped in his shroud, he is not der
See:mkt the sepulchre of try: I ' ...• !! -
men newer die. From the tomb V-
Tan Am a keener glance as - The chief objection to granting these lands the living. Though man's lif%
The gathered myriads of r to nasal settlers, and jthe .one of 'seemingly, soon !mimes away, vet the p"
The latath of erening an • . greatest plansability,is that they have' been. may develop aro eternal, '
Ban on iii wing n cloud 1. purchased by the common trenstim of the - - question of sound policy.
amik cAnnfry ; and as each citizen has contributed,' no right founded in re
That earth foal her nor
' his sbare to the purchase moitey,'it. is - doing '' things to make the
Serie forth a rothtier t • injustice to one elass,atho, from their!.eireuna-". revenue,
Erse then the Hymn - , stun sin life i ,iould ritit avail themselves of Aware, heave
lie broad gren plari , est, the b nefit of the grant; fer. bute. send( per- under none. '
lad the old cities wb slept, - tion o 'those Whia own fauna in the old States': any 'of the
ir qui sr, a Mo. I, word abandon them fer a home its the Weit, ded by 0 -
..iall yet bo aawde , ma and t erefore the grankis nnequal aitd;unjust.' vagary.
Ic If the e be any natural impediment, or !the eir-, awn , -
tltids, waskir ist: cams ces deny marine spelt in' lifelhat 114 The danger and expense of this kind of leg- er
I - tat ,o do, 'art" poor is una le to avail himself ofthe advantage.s of illation - would be, avoided by granting the •
'area, any p rtienlm'act of legislation; it' is his misi lands to the settler, while at the same, time
U4t , l'ether .. fo'e; and no faidt: of:the /ave.!" it ' these it '- would bean advantage to the new Star
1 inti,a•haire m d er b a b e , ' lands, then, have reimharsed their entire cost; and add revenue, th the government by
toge Stlre,
~
, then ou do no injustice to any citize by this settlement.. For, from every person t'
• lona
dimmer
. grant, unless it. e proper for the gclieimment induce by this grant tcl.elettle upon '
toss praise still t 4 hold them as a source of revenue. - - - yon derive more revenue than yo'
seams so nee,— By the report of the Secretary of the 'Mere. a sale without settlement to a
Achim and common crowd, or, made to the last cerigress, we find: the mg- !Tee sell one hundred-and six'
1 thtruz ofdealh. - . gregate receipts from the sale of' the public the interest of which, nut si•
Ed sake s il ent sear . lands, to /tannery 15t,1660, amounts to . ';be twelve dollars; and tf .
olunitte I day. • . •, • , I $135,339,092 ;erne unlOsslt be sett)
', '74;947,679- ler, that you induce *
y,lern he worm shall be • ,I '' ' " lands, by the
_pass'
i• y lin death: • I 'consumer 'iif ti''
d sit I proud and gay the entintry.
i Ts charnel house,, ports alone
. et' age ' Which amotmt is model:Ma 816,000,960 raid lone Of 0
et; yet thou shalt
France for Louisiana; 8.5,000,000' paid Spam erne' .
. for the Flondas ; $1,48768 paid Georgia for Imo
.
Alabama end Mississippi; $4,282,151 ] t 3 , for a
r, L,,, on wettest forth, Yazoo claims under
Georgia;
0 II.: yed as those extinguishing Indian titles,; 86,389,838 07, fe
• mortality: surveying; . $7,466,324 ! 19 ! for selling;
-. o on markest the decay m'ann glq —ma4in g the ' t ki .. *ve ett t it of
tflit 957,87 . , , '
an hymn of death
1 ,4 ' - And, if there be deducted from tl/
, .
Iness to thy heart.
, lit , the 81 ,000,000 we pay Mexico 1
111 rejoi eirtg ionep, ice and . iCalifoniia, and the. $ I
` r te sith every bunting' fl ow- Texas In settling her Itonnd.-
erimonnt that ii properly
II gn ,
1!" And them% man , lands; i will - still leave
"'s at the over expenditures, if''
cross that crowd
ILI e, lift ap thy headretary be correct. -
o
' nt 'proper to include
f the undying life, • Revolutaon,:fo.
• C an in /11110301iSliiy,. ~ - - rights *fear
'' de ! that haveparsed away was, its le'
idle of eel/Jeering thine miry', i eration
1.
el sire that died is Mttg enai then; Le ''
.leth ,
-lipped babe, or she who gave -
I , 7 n i fight and bloom OfPanaliae.— '
, i thine again, when thou 'halt r
'ointment, thro' the shadowy -
"7 insight of the INnoITAL
l! 31 gloriest to lie down w';'
--' srtie'd head now lovrlie
`-t' , .he loftier glory toe
1a diadem to God,-
lath o these silent ,
ills auchs and%
'" , t from eye
. Tin, th at ~,
... hk•
- .11'3
'3
63,
It,
vt
NI
sir
.I
'.1 . 4
.M
:di
al
lt,
, 4,
S E, B. CHASE, PROPRIETORS
saro Carom
Vision of Immortality.
A gtitzl to Bryant's "Thanatopsie l and
"Hymn Death:'
By E. T. WeBTON
igtol o again, 0 man, come forth and mien ,
m it trots of Nature walk the waving fields'
&lathe silent Viral, or pierce again
Ts depths of the ontrodden wilderness.
isdisehall teach thee: Thou hut learned be.:
fore
ber Wien of Death bath fallen
With utelsacholy skeane:, on thine ear ;
Vet del %WWII thee w i th a myriad tongue -
That lift is tlere—lifo in nneoonted forini—
Stealing is atm through tlie bidden mote,
eery 6nuich that swinge—in the greed Waves,
ha raving grain, and the gay, simmer Bowers
Thstfuldett the beholder. ,Listen uow,
/Wks shall teach thee that the dead have
slept
But ut awaken in more glorious forms—
And that the mystery of the seetri decay
hint the promise of the coming life.
Each towering oak that lifts its living bead
Ta the broad stualight, s in eternal strength,
Quits to tell thee that the acorn died.
The (keen that spring above their last year's
eloquent with the voice of life and tope—
d the green trees clap their rejoicing hands,
trig is triamph o'er the earth's decay
num alone shall dower and forest taint .•
tavola of triumph and the hymn of life.
he beret brood are'ihere !—each painted owing
ist Were ia the,synehine, broke but-now
ins the close ceirements oft worm's. own
shroud,
;telling, as it Eel, boa life may spring
tits glad blowy from the gloom of death.
Vane the entitled- mould beneath the sunken
s lot the sepulchre of old decay,
then a keener glance, and thou shalt find
gathered myriads of a mimic world.
,breath of ecening and the sultry morn
n on iu wing n cloud of witnesses,
it earth hem her tinneembend caret of death
3 forth a mightier tide of teeming life. .
he then the Hymn of Immortality! -
broad green varies and the wilderness,
I the old cities where tie dead have slept,
open age, a thousand graves in one,
It yet be crowded with the living forms
tmids, calking from the silent amt.:
m Cat lay down in state. and earth'. poor
'area,
4,tagether in one Ind embrace,
iatiollaired sett:remit and the tender babe,
ers 61 together in the flight of years,
elatimmortal fame and they whose praise
emu tended in the ears of mea—
tball and priest, and the poor common crowd,
'thereat eneranwe in the halls of death." .
ell waken from the dreams of silent years
hail the dawn of the immortal day,
lam the lessen, Though the worm shall be
'other in die mystery of death:
shell pase,hrumble and proud and gay
Aer, the earth's mighty charnel house,
. the immortal is thy heritage
pare shall gather thee; yet thou shalt
or prince, notes thou wettest forth,
co purple, but arrayed u those
mut puts on immortality
:comma when thou niarkest the decay
tore, end her solemn hymn of death
with a note of sadness to thy heart.
der voice, with its rejoi cinz tones,
the mould with every bursting' flow-
thy victory!" And thou; .13, man,
with sorrow at the woes that crowd
mv heritage, lift up thy bead
trong 'hope of the undying life,
'oot the Hymn to immortality,
nrdeparted that have paned away
still hone of denkleaving thin e ovin,..
optioned site that died in blessing thee;
'or sweet-lipped babe, or she who gave -
noe the light and bloom of Paradise.--
thal l be thine again, when thou shalt pa"
d's apppoio talent, Jinn' the shadowy vale;
tth the sunlight of the IMMORTAL RILL&
too that eeriest tio lie down with kings;
sonoirtleil 'teed now lowlier than theca,
two the loftier glory to' be known
milnd print to God,—when thou shalt pass
Emu then silent halls to take thy plate
Knuth, and prophets and the blest '
'ln every land to people heaven. •
at when the mighty caravan,
one nighttime in the vale of Death',
iask,white tents for the morning march;
till mo w/onward to the Eternal Wile,. ,
trot anweenal, and thy strength - renewed
for the upward flight ,
Autcs.-Never borrow if you can
staid it
many until you are able to support
sfsstlt evil of any, one. - -
before you are geiaerotus.
/ourself innocent ifymi , would be
1-have raid a dandi to an intelliient lie
goi an idea in my heAr.
,:' replied the other, alf yn, tioon't
pith; 'reat cam it will die for tire
tikuleon."
Ither not take a litim withyon"
41 ' 1 ° the hell, but he iimisted
a to two, whittle lopfet - got tittite „
. * t . th had lonia wikile litter, wee
" 6 "
Y,.k.r iky to poke a plow et' erePe
fie %It & of one of the:sausage etiopu,
azt„ lent author aays-4 , To
r t o . him make a mao upon his own rosoluveL"
'mid be a
4 eald s throu Cr
W rhim into a litirbeil
quiekaY.
I ffitilir Ilistatf •201111.. - , 1 ,
^,—..........,—..
_lmes RIGH T To TEE SOIL: ;,
Speech 'of ,lifort.: G. A. Orow. -
- . or rsslssiiixasit.
, . ,
In the use of Representatives, Merck Silth,
1852, on the Homestead 8i11...1 1 r
~i , . t
The. House being
,in the'Committee of the
Whole on the state of the Union on the bate
encourage agriculture, commerce, tnanufac
turt.s, and all other branches 'of industry, by
granting-to every resin, Who, is the' head of ..a
fateily, and citizen Of the _ United States;, a
homestead of one hundred and sixty acres - of
lan tnit of the public domain, upon condition
of aupineY and cultivation Of thelsanie, for
the period therein specified-- ' ' - '
. GROW said: 1 - :. . . •-, •
. , .
r. Cfranntart: The bill under:considera
tion, though it only kovides for granting to I
every head of a family one hundred l and sixty
acreVof land on an actual; settlement and cul
tivation for five years, still it involves the en
tire lquettiou of the proper disposition to be
made of thepublic tads. Wittrw domain of 1
fourteen :hundred and . two thirdai millions 1
acres of unsold and unappropriated land, it be-
comes a grave question what is thaibest die-
psi lion to‘be made of it—whether toeede it
to the States in which it lies,'to beldisposed
of as they think proper. or for internal itn
protlementi and school purposes or :to grant
it iilimited, quantitieri to the actual settler at,
a r :ce barely sufficient to cover the cost of
survOy and transfer, with such limita' and re
strictions as will prevent its .falling;-into-the
m i.
han ' , .4 of speculators), -Passing over, for the
1 p nt,the first two propositions,, Ii koposts
hiie y to consider the; latter.' l 1 i ,
l i a
T e power given in. the Constitution "to
ffis se of, and make all needful ruled and reg r
ulati ns respecting, the territory ‘ or other proP
erty f the United. States," leaves the , mode
ana nner ofilispoSal entirely : to the' discre'
tion f Congress; so that it becomes n.ques:
tion Merely of sound policy and...correct legis: I
!Mimi; it is therefore tho duty of Cengress to
exercise it in such a way as best topromote ,
the real and permanent interests of the coun=
tI • i
.
- The chief objection to granting these lands
to actual settlers, and j o the.one of seemingly,
greatest plansability,m that they have been
purchased by the common trensum of the .
cAnnOy ; and as each citizen has contributed
his share to the purchase money, - it. is doing .
injustice to one class, Who, from theircireutn-'i
sten s in life,aoitld riot:avail themselves ofl
the b nefit of the grant ; for. but ' a sitiall port''
tion o 'those whb owl:lanes-in the old States
wordrn
abandon them for a home " in the %Veit;
and t erefore the grant 'is unequal and unjust.
tri
If the e be tiny natural impediment, or Ithe err
cams ces ninny manilie spell in life'that he
is uca le to avail himself of the advantages of
any p
, rticnineact of tea station ; it is his rids=
fo
rho)
e; and nofahlt, of_ the law. !'.lf theso
lands, then, have reimbursed their chore cost;
then ou do no injustice to any chisel: by this ,
grant, unless it.be proper for the gdiernment
t,,
still hold them as a source ofreveriue.
By the report of the'Secretary of the Interi
or, made to the last congress, we find ; the ag
gregate receipts from the side of the, public
lands, to January let, 100, amounts to
$135,339,092
1057,2519
:entire cost
net balance.of, receipts ;
expenditures of ,; e 60,381,213
Which amount is made riper $16,000,000 raid
France for Louisiana; 85,000,000 paid spain
for the Floridas ; $1,48t 768 paid Geotgia for
Alabama and .4fississippt; $4,282,151;13, for
Yazoo claims under Georgia; $3.5 4 580,566f0r
extinguishing Indian titles; 86,38%83897, for
surveying; $7,466,324 ! I 9; for selling and'
mainging—m*lng the above sum of, fiL74,-
957,879. I: ' N
_ . ,H , •
Andiif there be deducted from this balance
the 81 ,000,000 we pay 31iFico for NeW Mel:. ,
ico andFalifornia, and the. $10,000,060 paid
Texas ut settling her borindary, and every, oth.
er :anoint that is properly chargeable , : tc! the .
lands, it will still leave au, excess. of receipts
over expenditures, if the ;statement ottb l e See,
retary he correct. In thia calculation leis not
'proper to include The cost of the war ,of - the
Revolution, for that was‘a war waged for the
rights o
a
man and not fat; hind ; -and even' if it
was, its cost wasincarred' and paid by IS gen
, eration hat has passed awlm. 'L.-Nor Aionld
I the cos of the war of 1812 le-included; for ;
that w a war waged in ;defense of the ;dear,
estrigh s of the American citizen, and t 4 teach'.
the word that he is secure, against viblence
and wrong while under the protection f . Of the 1
' stripestad slam -- , i. !I .' i
I Whil then, the anniunt aPProPfiated to' i
!the ptirghase of our domain.- has -bet mina-
bursed-f om its sales, no citizen can complain
'that yo do himinjustice by this ,grant,Pryou i
'take fro Min nothing bur what-yon•hive 'e..
paid, IID ess it is a pioperaithject of fixation,
and on tto be retained by the Goveiimenti
les aso ce of revenue: •: With equal" 'lnsticel
and pro riety,•you might Make the air and the
Isunlight i n source of revenue—as well grant tO '
certain men, if itiaire 'pOSsibleth be done. the i
right to hottle.the atmospbere and prevent dy- 1
ing, men.
j i
rom inhaling the contents unleris theft 1
right is rit secured by. parchment--or!divide '
the sun i to,,jiantum of rays, end dideiti out
to gr,opi g men accoiclingl to :their. ability to
pay.. 1 hatright has government to raoappo
liie any of the . gifts - Of Pnd to man, aril make
them thsubject of riterciumdise and *4Ol
Bitt eV,en if it, be prolierfoi the Givernineht
to look th the lends asiiioaree -rot,invenue,
what pro bability. ii.thent Of deriving any fro*
them for the:next g - atirleilaf a ae
.otyrjrl;,'Th'i
Secretar,Of theTxtvggii, in hisannurd.Mpoit
to the lastCOngessossys:`,_,,,-:.. ..!. :It ,-,.',, •'.
"By the vanous.acts of Conginnivappropri« -
atinithe [public:l/WS to. 4 0:i 0 00- Fhle.! ' so6i.
draw, them fiOniordinaryxerenue.kupoties; it
is gaiteleertidithat for seVeinlyearn to game
• the Treasury mast hi_iialali, If aot,ontliely;
dependent for its ritieiPts - ityon.dirtiettlpiiied
uponforeign Inereliandise.l . ,'e . .. , -,,,,.:! , .Zi11f..".,
“The, warrants, rat t 0 .," be presented 'tinder
these.ads - will regalia 78,002,51'in . Hsilial.
tied at' 89,6b3,140. :. At the aborkiAlvOrsi of
009,241 46 acres pei'attimul, — • dierriitxtiett
YcatiPiiill bik winked - tO . AbserVind,;fiallisfy
the .warrOts . yet tti :In - hinted; all'eitlinstak
under thn' 'soverrhotinty i lan& acts', now . In.
' 10 addipon tOilia'4 , a!estiiihkte jOurd 'tio
ltddoll StnteiCtioftiptis Of thii:tomogles.
i ,.
acres her to:4re OintOd.for itt*(ctsi.Atigt*
teidilih foliowmgatatetinutt es_ minMittiMti.
Okkand" onelu'entlik the - InarkiVl: ,1;-,-,
--- - - - - - -‘- i t - 1..4
*The S temeht is omitted for Nirant'of nici, '
And by theland • warrant aisignment bill
passed a few dayi since, another large quanti
ty.of land is thrown into the market in the
form of bounties to soldiers S,o, that judging
from these estiniateri,jhere is n o, probability
of the Governthent deriving any revenue from i
the lands for years to come, for the purchaser
can buy the warrant at less than the. Govern
ment price., And, while the receipts from the
lands are thus,dithinishing, the expenses of
legislation relative to them are increasing.--
There'are already before this Congress some
thirty-five'or forty bills asking grants of land
to aid hi the-construction- of-railroads, the
whole length ofwhich.is something over nine
thousand miles, being almost. three thousand
milestreater than the entire length of all the
ruilroadn now constructed in Great :Britain:
and alittle• More than those of the United
Staten, and,requirioraltngether some thirty
five millions_acres of land. On an average it
wOl reignite - at:least four days to consider each
of these hills, rind determine the propriety of
its passage: And 'each day's legislation coats
the government about three tlioniand dollars.
So that near half a million of dollars _will be
spent this session of Congress in discussing
and settling the propriety of making . grants
of the public lands to railroad compan ies, and
local improvements, - with still increasing de
mands at each subsequent session , of Congress;
and. while the clause of the Constitution giv
ing the power.to dispose of these lands is-gen
eral in its terms; is it correct legislation, to ex
ercise this power in such a way as to bring
it in conflict with the other powers of theCon
stitntion 7 The power of Congress over coin
mime is to regulate and not create it. . It may
therefore - improve and make safe the channels
of trade that already exist ; : but by what right
under the Constitution can Congress open en
tirely neW avenues or channels! Is it sound
then, for the Government to undertake
indirectly, to do; under this Clause, what they
would not have the power to do directly?—
Such being the prospective-condition of the
revenue to be derived from' the public lands,
the opinion of Andrew -.Jackson, in his mes
sage of 1812, as to the Government embark
ing in a schemata!' internal improvements, may
well apply to the present In. oppoSin,g the
policy and wisdom of such legislation he says :
"Besides the danger - to which it exposes
Congress of making hasty appropriations to
Works of the eharacterof which they may be
frequently ignorantOt promotes a mischievous
and corrupting influence upon elections, by
holding out to the people the fallacious hope
that the success of a certain candidate will
navigable their neighboring 'creek or , riv
er, brinigeornmerce to their doors,-and increase
the valuer of their property .. It thus favors
combinations to squander the treasure of, the
country upon a multitude of leesi objects;•iis
fatal to just legislation_as to the purity of pub
lie men.". -
The danger and expense of this kind of leg
islation ' would be, avoided by granting the
lands to the settler, while at the same, time
it would bean advantage to thin new States,
; and add revenue tb the government by their
settlement.: For, from every person that you
induce by this grant to settle upon the lands;
'youo derive , more revenue than you would by
a sale Without settlement to a speculator.—
Yoh sell one hundred and sixty acres for $2OO,
the interest of which, at :six per eent., would,
be twelve dollars; and, that is your yearly rev -1
mine unless it be settled. .Every man, bowev- I
Or, that you induce to settle upun the public
;lands, by the
_passage Of , this act, you make a
leonsumer'd the articles imported into the
the country._ Afid it is by your dutiee on im
'point alone, with the exception , of a. few, mill
ions of dollars, that the revenue for the Gov
ernment is colleated. The average amount of
imported.articles consumed by each persmiler
a awes of years; is estimated at about seven
dollars' worth. I - •
. Calling ,the average, then, consumed by each
person seven dollars, and seven in a family, it
would make fort' -nine dollars.of imported ar
ticles consumed nnually by each family. And
as the average f duties under. the present
tariff is aboutthi ' per cent, each family of
Seven would .pay to the. Government yearly
fifteen -dollars—three dollars more than you
derivnfrom ,the same quantity:of land sold to
the speculator, without a settlement. , ' The
true interest of the. Government and the State
is not the sale, but the 'actual settlement of
these lands. It is important Adthe States, for
thereby they increase the means of taxation as
well as the, means - of developing %their -resontr
nes. By these grants, you would also induce
the settlement of -lands that have remained a
long time in market. For though they might
Ibe of poorer quality, and not in so desirable a
location as some , others' more remote, still.
there nrerniany who would take them in pref
erence to,,,ooing farther into i the wilderness,
though they might not be-willing, or if they
were, they might not.be able to pay the th3v.•
ernment price> fan is by nature attached to
the .seenes;ot his childhood and the•home of
his kindred; and while there is an opporteni
ty fora emnfortable location far life, he pre
fers to remain 'amid the scenes of 'his school
bt.y days,' rather than seek a hothe amid *Amu
gem in;a.strange land. By the settlement Of.
this -class of lands you would remove, in a
gieat degree the objection:made by 'the land
States, that; the' Government is a proprietor
I within their limits, but:-not subj.ct to their
ljurisdictiOn Or taxation.- -: - , ;- •
But would the peeing° of this bill induce
any person to settle upon the public lands that
would ,ntit Under the, present system? -We
often hearit said, that /$1.25 is a albeit price
for land, and any , one of any enterprise. , can
buy alarm Out of the Public domain:, That
May be 'true; in theory, but not' in fact; for
thong& the Government sells at . $1,25, that
is pot t h e price the settler, in most eases his
to :pay. ` zThe speculator.has selected the, best
land and • most deldriblelocationi, so that the
settler must .payfilaa on advance • of two or
three bondied - 'pereent., or take an inferior lo
cation; or, ',Fees still . farther ; ,on'into tbe wil
derness. in .tmest cases, he, prefers 6) pay his
money and remain'within the confines of civil
zation.l'-ilut. • about , your- cities •and .46. the
d e ni e lillopuiated ;portions of _the thuntry,
Wherever 'thernis .atnrplus`population, you
will find greet nunibent of men -who are; bit*
just :able to Obb4 itivelitiood; by treason: of
suciilntrides:ii: The tendency of which; by its
constant competition . ; is gradually ~t .o.:rerluea
Wages folheetariation point; And .06'efore
they' are tuiebribi,'iat.ifrote:their earnings It
sitru_strdicient to'purehasik a farm en the 'pub , :
lie landrVind remote their frionlyleif:T4They
give but littkthoighti:llo*ever,- to that - Mode
4i
, of battering - 4 condition, for:: they
..'isteinir '
I yostilit4 trishroiln`hoiderlife;and they have tot;
itort'OeCtro prospect of ever Juiviog, the
life atoi,`Aliort 'Of - the,''extreme &nits 'of civiS:
r4itiOt Aidibiiether filer on in their misery
and orhspe'eed :their days in= papertsin or,
,
MONROE, `PA., THUPDAY, APR itt 22, 1'852.,
crime. Open your public, domain, and you in.
dtiec a large , number of that class, and that,
too, the better portion of it, to beecitne pro
ducers of the necessaries of life, instead of
mere consumers; and you then place them in
a condition to help support - the Government,
instead of as now beingtho means, in a greet- 1
er less 'degree, of abstract*" from the earn-
Inge; of the citizens to suppork your elem.
houses and criminal jurisprudence. And oin
addition to the amount of imports each family
may . Consume, the market for domestic manu
factures is enlarged and. extended: , The See
retirtbf the Treasury estimates that each , in
dividual consumes, annual 13., slip' worth of
all kinds of products, including furniture and
clothing, seven of which being for imports;
sorne t thirty or forty of the . remaining $93
ought,probably, to be set apart for the. per.
chase of articles not manufactured °rpm,-
dueeci Whimself. Thus t in every • family of
seven you furnish an annual home market to
the domestic manufacturer to the amoant of
two or threeliundred dollars, while' they are
pfodacing the necessaries of life to make the
exchange with ; and thus add so much to the
real Wealth of the nation. • ,
But even if the Government could. derive
any revenue by the actual sale of 'tire public
lands,'jt is neither just, nor sound policy to
hold diem for that purpose. As long ago as
1832, General Jackson whose sympathies were
ever with the sons of toil, and whose heart was '
as warm as his will %%astern or his intellect
penetrating, said in his annual message to Con
gress on this subject :
" It cannot be doubted that_ the speedy set
tlement of these lands constitutes the true in- I
terest of the Republic. The wealth and strep gth
of a country are its population, and thce,best
part of the population are the , cultivatora%of
the soil. Independent farmers aro everywhere
the baSis of society, and true friends of lib
erty." * * "To put an end forever to all
partial and interested legislation on this sub
ject, and to afford to every American citizen
of onterprihe the opportunity of securing an
independent freehold, it seems tome, therefore,
best-to, abandon the idea of raising a future
revenue out of the public) lands."
Though the old hero of the Hermitage is
wrapped in his shroud, he is not dead. Such
men never die. From the tomb they sperilt
the living. Though man's life is short and!
soon passes away, yet the principles that he
may. develop aro eternal. Bu aside froth thei
question of sound policy, the government has
no right founded in reason and the nature
-oft
things to matte the public lands a source of
revenue„
Aware, however, sir, that it is a poor place,
under it one hour rule, to Attempt to discuss
any 'of the 'natural fights of men, for, surroun
ded by the authority af ages, it become.Orec
essary. without the timo to do it; first to brush
away the dust that hai gathered upon their
errors; yet it is well sometimes to go back of
the authority of books andtreatises=courpos
ed.by man reared:awl edqcate.d under mortar:
Child linatitutions,--whefe opinions` and !habits
of thought consequently .-were more or. less
shaped and moulded by their influence—and
examine,' by the light of reason and of nature,
the tram foundation of Government and the in
herent riOts'of- men. •For poWer everywhere
has 'a tendency to augament and strengthen
itself, and in this Government its dangers are
twofold=-one, that the Federal Government, in
its Centralizing tendencies, may encroach upon
thelreserved rights of the States; the other,
which Is comm on alikoto both, is, that the Gov.
eminent and States, by their local and special
legislation, are constantly encroaching upon
, the (rights of the citizen..
' The fundamental rights °faua may be sum.
-med up in two words, Life and Happiness.—
The first is the gift of the Creator, and maybe
bestowed at his pleasure;' but is,not consrst
ent with his character for•benevolenee, that it
should be bestowed for any other potpose
than to be enjoyed, and that we call happiness.
Therefore, whatever nature has provided for
preserving, the one, or promoting the other, be
longs alike to the whole" race, and each may
of right. appropriate "to his own use so much
orris necessary to supply his rational wants.
And as, the means of sustaining life are derived
almost entirely from the soil, every person has
aright torso much of the'earth's surface. as is
necessary, for his support. To whatever unoc
' copied portion of it therefoie, he shall apply
his labor for that purpose; from that time forth
it becomes appropriated to his own exclusive
USO ; and whatever improvements Ile flay make
by his industry becomes his property, and sub
lject to his disposal For the only true foun
dation of any right to - property is man's labor
That is property, and that alone which the la
bet' of man, has made such. ' What rights; then
I can the. Goverment hake in the soil, of a'
wild and uncultivated Wilderness? Or what
I fight has ;one man -mere thah another to an
acre Of uncultivated land to which hot a day'',
' nor ; hOur's labor hakbeen applied, to make it I
mere. productive, and answer the end for which
it was created, the support and happiness of
the face ?'
- It:is said by the 'great expounder of the corn.
moo law in his Comment/uses; that „ there is I
no foundation in nature or natural law, why a
I set Of Words upon parchment should convey ;
the dominion,of land," The use and occupan
cy alone gives to man, in the laeguage of, the
Commentariet, 4 ‘ an exelusive right to retain,
in'a 'permanent manner, that specific land which
I before belonged - generally to ;everybody- but;
particularly to Arobody."- -
- A s , it i s man's ;labor, then, nulled to the soil I
that *gives 'him a fight- to, his 'lmprovernents—r
for by - Cigar° he is entitled.to his products Of
his industry-4o ho is entitled to, a reasonable I
I quantity' of Woodland. it : being 'necessary 'to
the full enjoyment of his improvements.; for
tv - 0 4 is neoo4,,,g_Yoz,building parposes,fenc
`ll4,- ~and fire wood.2 . .Therefore, he becomes;
eittittedeot 'Of thli common fund to a reason.'
able amonht of wood-land, which by an implied
conventional ::agreement 'among men .each
would be permitted to retain in his exclusive
pOssession, as I a necessary" appendage to his:
Imikovemente:- - : :
And to font to-what portions,
are;tappropriated to each individual'a use, It ie.l
neesesaryt , hat bisect:int should be defined`; and
this is hest dune bYrh survey; 'bete survey
as. conduitid'iafthelia office la the beat and
most uotiliptient•tni3dti laying:oT land, ,
B e4 idosAo wants his title ; receided In such
IW:stS,SilottO be.compelled to tery upon pe„
wet aw,'Oficien;"lir be , lexposelifio, W edangers,l
°CquOi /, - - o reibet , ESMPer,ilhat - bi
shoal , paYjuieitiF7 eiPentin,orthaki
pgr *44 but for, nothing :As, property.
is thole*, Proper, subject ;!Isitstion,, nor
should the Government look ,* aught else for_ itsaupperfi:Olso - eo.Oktrf.tetfold AO, - (mblia
Veiybi, /*WO otien(enue,.: It ialtY.bO acid
Tole, bath iviald man's rigida:it* the ;a.
IA a este of nature; but:4ll6 be:euteiedato
society, he gave up ii Part of his Mainsl rights
in order to enjoy the advantages ' - ofsn Organ-,
:zed community, . , -
This is a deotrine, I am aware, of the books
And treatises on society and Government; but
it' is a doctfine of despotism; and belongs not
to enlightened statesmen in a liberal age. It
is the excuse of the despot ia_encroaching up
on the rights,of the subject. Ile,adtnits the
encroachment, but claims that the cifiken . gave
up part of hie natural rights wheii hie otered
into society; and Who is to judge what ones
he relinquished but the ruling power It:was
not necessary, that any,of limed natural rights
should.be yielded to the state in formation of
,abelety. He Yielded no right but the tight to
do wrong, and that be never had bye nature.—
All ho yielded in entering; into society %Via a
portion of his ~unrestrained, liberty, and that
was, that he would submit his conduct; that be
fore was subject to the control of noTiving be
ing, to the tribunals to be:established by the
State, and with the tacit consent that society,
or the Government, inight,regulate the mode
and manner of the exercise of his rights ; but
why should he copsent to be deprived of them?
It is upon this ground that we justify resist: i
once to tyrants. And whenever the ruling I
power so far encroaches upon the natural rights!
of men that an appeal to arms becOmes prefer. I
' able to sabnaiision; they , appeal from humani
to divine law's, and plead the natural rights of,
man in their justification. The Government,
and that alone, is just which enforces 'and de-
fends nil ot man's natural, rights, and protects I
I hi m against the Wrongs of his fellow man. 1
•
But, it may be said, although such might be I
the rights of men, yet the' GoVernment has at
, right to these hinds, and may use them as a 1
source of revenue, under the doctrine'of emi
nent domain. This claim by Government had
its origin in the maxim, that whatever was ca
pable ot ownership must have a legal and de
terminate owner: Therefore '
whatever was
not appropriated by individuals; it belonged
in common to the whole State, was vested in
the King-as its, head. , Not only, were 'forests,
waste-grounds, and wrecks, but the sole pro 7
prietorship ot the soil of his erle . pire ; l and he I
might grant it to his lords; and deal it out in,
manors to the favorites of his court, •But it'is 1
not necessary for me to spend time in noticing
the origin ot; or, the wrongs inflicted on man I
under the doctrine of eminent domain ; fiir the i
claim of this Government, so far as this point 1
is concerned, is embraced in theriglitef dis- I
covery. This is a claim, also, upon which the I
I books vest a right to the eel! in the King,, or!
i ruling power, under whose
, patronage land is 1
I discovered not before kilown•• to civilized man.;
ilt, might be proper that a nation "thathas senti
forth a fleet and discovered-hunt, !should have;
the direction of the legislation for the govern:,
meat octlie men who should settle it—have
jurisdiction •of the laws of the territory'; heti
how can it acquire rights which man himselfl
cannot acquire by the sineTrocess? It is a
reasonable. supposition, that , it man is attached
Ito the Governineut ant:fine:ant-ions of his, fath-,
erland; arid if:the-men - who first, disuover, re',
country were to settle in it," and enact a ay stem
of . laws, the• presumption is that they would!
be similar. to those of the hind of their kin.
dred: Therefore thereis a propriety in giying]
to nations jurisdiction over the men and prop-,
erty of the country they may discover but neti
a . proprietorship to its soil. -', ' • I
It is only necessary- brietl3r to refecto the I
facts and history, of discoveries, on this eonti-i
vent; to show the want of:treasonable founda,;
tin for 'any claims to the hind itself by reason,
of discovery.- " ' I ' "
Spain being the first to encianra,ge voyages bkl
western discevery, was the first European pow- I
er to claim any rights to hind on this- side of
the °emir. But as Col u mbus:Made his first lan
ding en an island of the gulf, stream, and saw
not the main land of the continent till after' it
was visited by other voyagerS, the right of em
inent domain became-divided with other na
tions. John nod,Sebastian Cabot, sailing un
der the auspiesi of-Enghind.'• first 'discovered
'the Continent, of North . America, the 'shores of
which, from Albernarle Sound to north of. No
va Scotia, were , tifterwards explered by ,the
1 latter. From that ti fie fOrth Henryyn claims i
the proprietorship of the soil, , basing his right!.
to the land, from ocean to- ocean,.OU the fact'
that the first civilized man Who gazed upon a
feiv miles of rocky coast of New Englandwas,i
a subject of the British drown. . And thus he ,
becomes the sole disposer of a vast continent' ,
which: his foot never pressed-and his eyes tleV•
er saw. - .I . •' , -, ~ ~i
James Cartier, a native",of St. 3lato, lands at,
the Inlet of Gaspe,'ou tlie - shbreis of Canada,'
and erects-there a shield-With :the Utiles ot* -
France—and henceforth awide,lenantlesi ter;
ritory is to he esteemed a part:ef :the domin: ,
ions of Frince, and subject to the royal grants
of her. King. '
• Juan Ponce do Leon plantelhe cross britte
coast - of Florida, and throwing to the breeze the;
castles and lions of Spain,takes possession of
the country in the name of-Charles' the Fifth.
Nineteen years later, Ferdinand, de Soto gave
to the world the first knowledge . of the Ati.s.l
issippi, and sank to his ;rave beneattfits flood.
As the fruits of these discoveries:Spain claims ;
the Floridan. Such is the origin of
,the rights !
claimed by FranCe, England, and Spain, to the,
North American continent; and )) 3 7 conquest
and, parchment, this Government has takeni
their,title to the territory nowiconiposing the,
United States; that of England by the Beve
-1 lotion and grants to colooialsitbjects ;inn pro,..
I priCt6r4 ; cif.France by,the cession of April ,30, - ,
IlBo2i and of-Spain by: theireaty nf February
24, .1819. .We becatne vested, it is true, with
all their rights, but they had nothing to con.
vey, s:n a tinita subject of theirs was the first
to disedver lend, never before,;!in their own
quaint languageo' looked upon by ;
.-, Chriatian: i
eyes." What kind-of a'intindation islhat'ut
sin, which to base - a right' affecting the luilipt
ness of man. and thelestiny-, of the Mee '•-,
What iithere in
_the constitution of, Ohio
griiing to one individulnl the sale and eiclu.
eiveright to any of theliminties:, proiddecitiy
niters for the benefit and iiiipport of the Whole
race, because,. perchance, he =was the first to.
loOk-upon a more. trap:neat, of, the creation;?--'
B 5 the same process or ieasciloB , , ,, ko, o
slued finit'discoVer thti 'aortree 'Or - month of a
riveriivould ••b&entitled ;, to a monopoly of the
svaterti•Aat , flow itrite cluutnef.,s - ',Orr be who
should:first look-upon OP4 of thelrillsor, foga.
iiiiia . atthe'earlh; might 'prdeat fainthig'tein
friar' qtienehink* there' Ma thirst,`' his
.right was. fist secured' by Tarchnient: •• Why
has. : this aloha Oman te,rnonepolizeipty.pftho
'gifts orGad to • man hem confiacithylegllC9 l 4 3 l
to the twit alone! 1 Is there 9nY ethersefuititt
than ICU itieht tihtch,'havinkitriarigin
In fenidat-tiniea;-4inder a iyatinti ;that regard
ed main but assnsAPPendagiffot the eon, ma,
ht 01410 Whoklik4os 46 4 l 4ppiftesk
%tali bukiliolitts et, increasing the likatetticat
pampering "the jfinioasitni appetites' of .hitt
lieged lord — and; having ewe found a place In
the books, it has' been retained by rover.
once which Man Is Wont to PaY to the past and ,
to time-honorettprecedents; Thettmlan mind
is so constituted; that it is prone to regard as
right what Macon* down to us approved by,
long usage and hall Owed by grey age. his a
claim that had its origin with the kindred idea
' that royal only in the - veins of an
exclusive few, Whose souls are more etherial,
beeausta,born amid the glitterof court, and'era
died amid the Pomp of lords and courtiers; and
therefore they are to 'reinstalled as rulers and
law-givers ofthe'race. Most of the evils that
afflict societylave had their origin in violence
and, wrong enacted into law by the experience j
of the pant, and retained' by the prejudices of
the present. ' • . •
.Is it not limit yen swept froul your statute
books its 'stilt lingering relics of feudalism?
wiped out the ! principles ingrafted upon it by
the narrow-minded policy of Other tune:s, and!
adapted the legislation of the country to the
spirit of the age, and ta the true ideas of man's
rights and relations to his government?.
For if a man;has a right on earth, he has a
right to land enough to rear a habitation on.
If he has a right to live, he, has a right to the
free use of whatever nature has provided for
big Sustenatice-'--air to breathe, water to drink;
and land emiugli to cultivate for his .subsist
ence. For ..seiare the necessary and indis
pensable is aan4 ter the enjoyment of his inal
ienable rights,. of,' life: liberty, and the pursiiit
of happinesi.'• And is it-fora Government that
claims to dispmse equal and exact justice teall
classes of mar, and that has laid &len correct
principles in ion great chart of hunum rights, to
violate those P.furiples, and its s.rleina deela.
rations in its legislative'enatitinents
The struggle)hetweeii•eapital and labor is an
unequal one at best. It is a struggle between
banes iind'sikowsof men and dollars and cents;
and in that struggle,' it needs no prophet's ken
to foretell the issne. ' And in that stroggle,-is
it for this Government to stretch forth its arm'
to aid the, strong against the weak? Shall it
continue, by its legislation, to elevate and en,
rich idleness on the wail and the woe of hi.
dustry • '
Poi if the rule be correct as applied to gov
ernments as well as individuals, that whatever
a person permits another to do, having the
right and means to prevent it, he does himself,
then indeed Is the,Government responsible for,
all the evils that may result from speculation
and land monopoly in your public „doritain.--!.
For it is not denied that Congress has the pow.
er to make any regulations for the disposal_nl"
these lands, not injurious to the g,eneral -,wel
fare. Now, whenla new tract is surveyed, and
you open• your;; land office and expose: it to
j sale, the man with the most money is the bar
; &rest purchaser. , The most desirable awl avail
' able locatioas are 'seized upon by the capital.
ists of the,,countrY, who seek that kind of in
-1 vestment. Youisettler who' chances not to
have a preemptiDn right; or to, be there at the
time of sale, when", he comes to seek a home
I for himself and his ibmily, must pay , the
1 speculator three' or tour hundred iter cent, on
1
his , investment, 1 or enoonnter the Arials and
hardshipi of a still more remote border life.—
And taus, underthe operation of laws that you
I call equal and jettt, you take - from tho settler
three or four dollars per acre, and pot it in the
l ofthe' •
j pocket speculator. Thus, by the opera.
i' tion of your lavr, abstracting so. much of his
hard earnings lot the benefit of capital; for not
an hours labor has been applied to the land
1 since it was sold' by the Government, nor is it
1 more valuable tet, the settler. Has not the la
borer a right: to !complain of:legislation that
1• - •
1 compels him to endure, greater toils and hard
ships or contribute a portion of his earnings for
the beneflief the capitalist? But nqt upon
the capitalist - or the speculator is it proper that
the blame should fall. -- Man- must seek a live
lihood, and do business under the laws of the
country; and whhtever rights he maY•acquire
under the laws, though he bay be wrong, yet
the"well-being of society requires that they be
respected and faithfully observed.. If a person
engage in a bushiess -legalized and regulated
by the laws, and U ses no fraud'or deception in
its pursuit, and evils result to the community,
I let them apply the remedy to the proper source;
that is, to the lass-making power: Mc laws
I and the law-makets are responsible Jor what-
I ever evils necessarily grow out of !their enact
tments. i ,
1 While the publiclands are exposed to in:.
I discriiniriate sale, as they 'hityo been since the
I organization of - tbe Government, it opens "the
Idoor to, the wildest. systems of land monopoly
I —one-of the direq;eleadlicst curses that ever
1 p.sralized the energies of a natioo,_ or palsied
the, arm of induatry.!lt needitio lengthy dis
sertation to portray its evils. , Its history in
the' Old-World is_writteu',in sighs and-tears.
Under its influence, you behold,in.England, the
proudest and Most, splendid aristocracy, side
i by side, with, the mostabject and debased pe
J plo; vast me a.
nors:hemmed in by hedges as fl.
'sporting-ground for -her-nobility, "while. men
urn dying-besido theinclosure for the want, of
land-to till. Thir 'y thousand.proprietors hold
1 the title-deeds to the' soil of Great' Britain,
I, while in Ireland alone there are two and'a half
; milliens of tenants that own 'no ! I part of-the,
I land they "cultivate, nor can they over acquire
i ts"titto to a foOt of it; yet they Pay, annually.
1
from their hard earnings $20,000,000 to ab-
I, sentee landlords for the privilege of "dyik,r - on,
j their soil. Under its blighting influence you
i behold haustry in tags, and. patience in tie
-Ispair. Such are some, of the fruits of-land
monopoly in the Old "World; and shall wo
plant its seeds in thiilvirgin soil of the New? •
jOnr system' is subject to_ liko evils, ' not so
great in . magnitude; .perhaps, but similarin!
1 kind. Let the public domain, then, be set
apart as the patrimony Of labor, bY'Preveatipg
' its being absorbed ''by capital, and thus,' in
' stoad'of blessing the tam bedtime its curie. - .‘..
And, while asked to !grant thesehuids 4 to cot.
porations and States" in order to develop the
resources of tho country; and", thereby add to
its mammy let us'! not forget in what' its
truagreatness consists..-We are pointedlo
the cities and.villageS that will Spring up along.
theAtio of, these _improvements, as a. reason
why,such iippropilations of-the land Should be
made , : Every American !kill rejoice at -what
ever adds te thii truelreatnesa 'and - glory 'of
his. country;- Bat it la doubtful whether--lho
appearances:of greatness.that•grov : up.,ttitd,er
a ayatem ntlocaltind!special legislation are to
bo eonsidored is - additigl6 thereat glory ett' - ti
'country.: '-''.-"..-- . , ,- / a - . '.. 1 ?', -'.• - . - , - - .:--
at is not a sure indication that thapiopilnot
that country are raostpprosperona.,.and happy
1111 which' you behold the most, splendid odlliech,
Ow griateat profusion; of wealth ' - and - cOneen•
-traion Oferipitali--- He who haieii his :opinion
_ofthe real luippineur of is peep!! upon, etch
1 -rddillge).ll9olf.lo . -eirAlY,f ool4 h witktilro
WhOgin 34Ittlf.:Orit Wit 'teitYt PAM:. the °mid)"
)14w ilt Its tillts o flipoda,tria loftylipirt?'; Sit&
"towaini flier, forgettiatthitleaeattkiltase'
'' 'VOUJA-O:IIUMBER,gt
,
gorgeous structures, in damp cellars, diself
the earth, dwells, the tuest - ilusllid- FovertY4
Misery, and woe - -while' in its streets are to Dab
seen the haggard and careworn 41rvi •
over-taxed seamstress, and the' child trained to -
beggary and to erinie. . •
'lf you would' raise falleu, tiuinfrom &b.g..,
radtttion, elevate. the servile frem his grovA,
litigpursnits. to the rights and dignity of men._
you must first place within their reach - es,
means for supplying - their pressing Optics& I. •
whints, so that religion may exert its influenao
oia the soul; and - soothe the tie ""y pilgrim. iq
his pathway to the tomb. for it is in yaks . -
you talk of the goodness of in Omniscient,
Ituler to him, whose life froM the cradlelss
the grave, is but one eMatinued fiene of pain * ,
misery, 'and want Talk not of free agency tak
him whom; only freedom is to choose.bia own.
methcslto Li vain you entreat him .tob
cultivate the intellect arid purify 'the heart.
whose days are dragged out in procuring a.,
morsel to sustain life, and whose last Prayer. .
las ho falls broken-hearted into his kennel or:
straw, is that he may: riever behold this ,
of another dip. In, such cases, there m
perhaps, be some feeble conception of religuos,
and, its duties—of the infinite, ,everlasting std.
pure ; but unless there be a more than cont.;
Mon mind, they would be like. the dini,shad.
I ows that foat m the . twilight. ' •
I Riches; it is true, are not necessary to,man'a.
enjoyment : but the means to prevent Marv's
lion are. Nor is a- splendid palace necessity'.
to his real happiness; but a shelter against •
I the storm and winter's blast is. '
- If_yeu would lead the erring 'back front tls
paths of vice and crime to'virtue. and to honor.
give him.a hoine—giVe him a hearthstone, and
he will'surround it with household, gods. If
you would make men' wiser and better, iethstre.
your almshouses, close - the, dobrs of your peri:.
itentiaries, and break in pieces:, your gallows
purify the influences of the domestic fireside,
For that is the sch,ool in which human aim..
to is formed, andithere its, destiny is shaped -
there the soul receives its Gait; impress, awl
man his first lessob, and they'go.with him.for
weal or.for woe through
_life. For purifying
the sentlinenfs, `elevating 'the thoughts, and
developing the noblest impulses Of man's na
ture, the influences of a rural fireside and rw.
rieulturrd life are the noblest and • the best.—
In tho obscurity of the cottage, far removed,
from the seduCtive influences of; rank and sr.
fluenee, is nourished the virtues that counter.,
act the decay of human' ristitutions—thecour.:
age that ,defends tho national independence,'
and thhiadesbry• that supp.rti all esses e£
the State. - •
' It was said' by Lord Chatham, in his appeal
to the - lionse of Cominons lin :Frift. to with. •
draiv, the British -troops from Boston, that
"trade, indeed, "increases the glory and wealth.:
of a country; but its true strength and stam.
ina are to be looked for in the ,eultivators of'
the land. In the simplicity of their, Eves is
folind the simplicity of 'virtu(); the integrity
and courage of thedom. ' These trice, genuine .
sons of the soil are invincible.":.,.. .. -. ,_ - -
'Tile - LB - tory of 'Ainerican'TiForets ;has re. -
corded these words as prophetic; :Man, in ile..
fens° of his hearth-stone and fireside, is instil.. -
able against a world of mercenaries., In .hat...-
tling for his home, and all that is dear to him
on earth, he never was conquered ear with
his life. In such a Struggle -,every: - pasa . be.
comes a Thermopylae , every plain -a marathon,`,
With an independent yeomanry scattered over
your vast domain, tho "young eagle may bill:
defiance to the world in arms. And even tbe
the foe should devastate your sea board, lay
in ashes its pities, they have made:not ono
single advance towards conquering: the coat. ,
try. Eor, from the Interior comes up your
hardy yeomanry, and with their hearts of oak'
and nerves of steel, they expel the invader,.
Their arms Are the citadel of a nation's power,
their hearts the bulwarks of liberty, - • ,
,
While but a few days since , You passed, in
a deficiency bill, almost two millions and 4 ,
quarter ofilt il lnrs for the army, and are atm
-44 called• '', , !lilt appropriate'istill increased'
sums:for* -;7 , , , , , : :`by-reason, as is'alleged_
by your' -, -,;• '
7 ,.;:. i. _ 7 - of the
,increased cA. •
tent of "is'ol,llic; ...:1:,,,,"Uf frontier, it beeitmee
the part - 74 - : ' -„, . 4 , ,, , ... Alm -Government to ,=.
hold out ; ''''•
~r. r .' • -,,, ~ &indueement for the
"settlement=o
. i - illie - - , •,lairdst'for thereby yeti,
place npon'thein - a•seltionstuteil and sasup- ,
porting army, to repel frontier attacks and for,
eign invasion. ..Every consideration of policy,:
then, both as to revenue to the 1 general • Gov.
ernment, and increased taxation to the new
States, as well as a means --of renioving tho'
causes of pauperism and crime in the old, do..
minds that the publio lands be granted intim.,
ited quantities to the actual settler. -- Every
~
consideration ofjustiee and humanity "
calls rip: .
on you to restore man to hie net:Arai-rigida na
the soil. But there is one` consideration above
dollars, and cents; it is a - consideration that
- appealslo the gratitude and generosity of the
American people, and to such an appeal they
never yet turned a deaf car. _ . . -..
You gritut bounties to the soldier of the
tented field. It is well. For the men who
go forth at the call of their.country,to uphold'
i her standard, and vindicate her honor, are - der; '
!serving of a more substantial reward than teats .
to the demi and thanks to tho living. -. Bat.
there are seldiers of peace as well as be .was;
and though no --waving plum& or floating en;
sign 'beckons them on to glory, or to death
" their' ying scene is oft a crimson one. - ::They
'fall:leading the van, of civilization- alorkg na. -
trodden paths, and are biried in the. , dust of ,
its advances columns. No clarion's not&
wale the expiring spirit from earth to heaven:
no 'Mom:anent 'marks the, scene of deadly strife;'
and nO steno their resting : place, The winds,! -
sighing through the branches' 'of the forest;
atomising their requiem., Yet they, are tho'
meritorious men .. of tho Republic; . the moll
who give it Strength in war,and glory in peace.
From.the backwoods, the workshop, • and. do
ploegh; Caine' tho , men 'ivho gave victory to,
your arms in.the struggles of the Revolution; ,
that upheld yOur • standard 'Dodd the Me. °::
brakes of Marion, and on the baYT. I - of New -
Orleans ; and - that have borne it in ' triwillat
over the battle-fields of Yaw ,frentiers. '_The
achievements of your pioneer army; tram the. ~.
'ilaythoyiirat , drove 7bark
~ the Indian , tribe s ,
from your Atlantic , aea-board to;tho - present
hour, haver been-, the zolgovegloots Of ileienee
and civiliantion.tiver Am alemeala t the *lda,.
mess, and the savage.:"The: settler, ha searth
of a new borne, long_alnee Werleaped.'„the, M.
lemhanies, and;beving ciosZeCtbC,gro4 ezilkt.7+
usa valley of the. IflasissiPPl;lB"-nolY a-ewifit,..-:-.
his; way tothei shores of the Pacitle4,
eat Steeps; ttiird,towifia emigrant frotat - 11114.2•„;`
the wilderness gliejuitY le,thittklt tif olds
gratiorn% Only. slity‘threo yearlagek!tptergi - - - - ,
white settler pf Ohio' pitubssf,. kao Cia..C.nkiliOC -:
of 40- -X 1 044. 1 *-: ' _ThIe.A9P IO OO.O
4;1 a teatFithsil' ,
,•:avoy, - . _ 41111011111 (:) ,
kroittriatiotra. it4' aOttlignatEM-7:
Ca
Porerii** "I' • t 7 eaWill l'' suit' - ".----