. .
„...
. .. . . . '.'' it rd political condition- of the_
nei g hboring
p g oneral unset e. , -
~m e_ ,r i,, ,n es!of
CIIARGP - OF: JUD GE ,_7I,I2I, 0, T' lied surrotiudiug ram , .
and
. - , -, --. • -.. . rev° u I .
' '• - -. 1 ' ”io TUE -,' -'', - '-' '' - ' ."''' --' • ' • 1 Codapdpelitical cheng&;-'.•lhe Intiklng.,
Grand Jury of 'dastineTtattuts GentoWt-- -
deposing of Kin - gs; are not favorable to ilie_grounlil
.1 - - -
.January ,Tbstrt' ;1--1852.. -, ..2 ,of tolerant- end humane 00 1 0 4 . 510 i' in OM anfll
featureanf a crieeniat:inde.! siii „
ening • elf • thn " ri sil l i rgoreus the lent lieComei-
To.the Horr e lDneid.-Wiefmot, kresident:Tadger !la rieloil.'o'l, the clins.ef, ii i..wbit h .i , hliiii refer . 4
.-
dm. -..-- .-i - ' ''- ----. ' - - •- - th t h in uided die- often - by Pliant eifid i nerruPtiiidgvie
under,
• . 'Sts:"-The Subscribers, Mein - bent of thee Bar' 41 . re
Sasqueliannalcounty, have heard with vest-vat -tha t the hangman and the executtoner treed under,
ificatton year able : and eloquent Charge to the their ecc, nretteted labors, and in t a creoampesartaattively,„
Grand Jury,. end - respectfully solicit tt , copy for brief peeepd thr grete , hullt . of he re
_ 1 0,43 74:
the ertiguorrecriangeonttneseeve to
peetration: ' Geepectfully yours:
seated forfeitures nud confiscations. . 1.
January IS, 1852. !
P. Br IBTREETE%. - ,
' IVII.JESSIIP, This !Vetere of criminal law, scarcely Te ll er
j. C. 511LliF It, ' . I P. - LOSE, -
JCIIN C. FISII, II,9.II9NTLPT, ed of the harsh features which 1 hat4:present
oth penalties, au dits
• %cu. J. TURItELL e . - • - - , 1t,'.9.14.111.E;. - -: ed—with its numerous., de.
. J.ll. DllilO ( K, • . . ' , Jt. MU -ont.IILTS,
i T. measur:l . benefit of clergy—its brandiegs and timings,
rd E '...i. ci ti l t Al %um Eit:, ` : ' ei, B. enatsx, • • its mutilations and - tortures—its pillories and
„ was : transplanted
wsr, U. J' -- i N. rtnwruN. - ,'whipping posts—its fines and forfeitures—its
' ---'''• -'- 4 - - --:- -: ..- •-- lat.:Understand confiscations,
Getertsueit or tile Gliastr.erot.,:—tn tatting upon our, soil.of..Pennsylvania,„ where,:. ,to the )
upon myself the responsible. duties of the:office Of
credit Of hinininity anti the', honor of our State,
President Judge of this Judicial. District, I deem -
it art' appropriate occasion tri.addreine you upon it mnintaineci &sickly eideteriee - mid -waS era
the subject of the criminal low of this. Common-
icated in n il its cruel and barbarous.features,-
wealth; in the; prompt and impartial execution of as soon as one . fathers fouhd themselves in i n
.t'`independent of th at potter
which. the grand Inquest acts renimportent part. - - condition to at. :
1 shallnot -enter upon a recital mud description of which had imposed it upon:them:
,- • -
thevarious - ermes and offences known to our lows.- . Under the Provincial Govetnnient, np is act
• Snide a Cotirie,,would be tedioneamienprof. tar the advancement of justice, and the mere
itiebtens his impassible. for the clearest under- certain adminietratdon - thereof:'.was passiedin
Standing, and most - retentive memory, to treasure , 1718, which in some t n easere may be
,regard.
sipsni a single r eading oilhearring, the definitions.
ed as the fouridetieni of our penal - code, el
'o-the nice . dud subtle dist inclines entering
,iniO
Ahem,' together with the I precise legal import
,Cif though in its penalties; it; ii 'Strongly - Marked
technical Words 'employed in describing the nu: by the ,sanguinary. -chara cter ' :English
ni rens Offnees, comprehended in a penal code et statute :and con_nuon hiw.r, - . .1i . sec ured tei.per
their la'tf ul
er , State, far hdvanced in tht:-.lmotvtedge of govern- lions indicted for . capi ta l .;com es ,
.„...
Meat andlaWir, and wider - enforces - by judicial eliallenges—the mends - etre diteeted,to _assigre
Sanction:smutty of the - duties eta refined social - cOunsel ferflieit'defence ' and premeds to cam
and domestic tile—the obligations growineout of, pel :the attertinee of witnesses is - also Becur
a•complexed, political system; and the high clairim ed. By-this net lire benefit "of-clergy --' In all
of a morality and religion . founded upon the seat-- cases where - it was allowable by thelaws - , of
'lnes and revealed :word; of God.; An accurate. England, was extendect to, the unfettered;
knowledge Of-the penal tows of such a State, is 'those who irayeditwree not required to read,
attained only by laborious study, ;and cannot. Ii 1
e i but punished its . ‘ clerk's conviet,' : by Imitating ',
intelligibly presented in the limited space Marked
in the hand,Which - punishment, wnflicted
but for myself in this charger Any . infortnation .
in open court. -...,'Flies benefit .of clergy teas
' .yolt May desire, touching - either yoUr. general
powers and cleiti,es, or retuting to a particular Case entire ly
. taßen way on a secondconviction . for '
before you;!will be cheerfully given by the Court, I - :. ' t - '
any telonyextept. :trinity.
,Thin act can tem.;
orbs , the gentleman who prosecutes' on behalf of ed many excellent
. piirvisions, yet we see howl
the State; and upon-eith'in - you should feel - at lib- strongly Englislvdiaminicin - -end the prejudices;
rrty'to call; as I trust you will,whenever. your of a previous age, influenced .the; legislation' of
minds are embarrassed by questions of difficulty that day, when we note thrit under its provis- :
audalonbt.,c", -••' „; , . • ' • ions some score of , offences Were : punishable ,
- In what • Ifavo to say upon the present r s, t`Fa- -With death ; and among themlleatiof conjura-.!
-elori,l. shall take es genefal and , rapid survey of non and nitcheraft,nnd that it still maintained ,
the source;limpeoverrient, and, present condition the odious doctrine of attainder . and ecitruption
Of our penal system—noting the greatand irripor.
of
taut changes it has undergone—the considerations
. blood. -
t the timii of the R4yolution
s the Punish
. ofliiiiimnity. and public policy which led to a mit.
At
i‘atiou of ita,puaiehm,ents, and draw from thence merit of death was inflicted by the laws of
some refle:ctions touching, . ion. The delicate and the duties of those PennsLiv,ania for the' folliming offences;—
charged with its administratt
High Tee gars, (including ..all those-:statutory
•
- important trusts confided to the Grand Inquest of treasons - respecting the cony),': , Petit Treason,
the-County, its high prerogatives and powers—. (a crime now unknown te our lawS,) murder,
theimpartiality and singleness of aim, in which robbery, buiglary, rape, -sodomy,-malicious
thershould. ever be executed, may be made top-, maiming, manslaughter by stabbino;arson,nnd
lea of-interest. and incentives to duty. every otheefelonr(except larceny) on a second
TUG great fountain and source of our criminal as conviction, eounter,feiting, • and uttering any
well aaciviliurisprudenee, is to be found in.whee counterfeit bills of credit,
,and counterfeiting
is known - as the common - aw or En g land—a , eye- any current, gold or 'silver coin. A statute of
terrefoandeli imon ancient custom and uso.gor and
James the Ist respeeting-bastard children,' was
handed down in an authentic and authoritative •
also in force with all its - -riaors ; which - , by a
form in the records andladjodications ofthe Eng- .
lieli 'condi: -The common law-has - beedinade the ,constra ined presumptien, ',made the - mother
theme of extravagant enlogies - by most writers :guilty of the murder. of lief haStard child; in
l
who have 'entered upon the task of expounding its 'every c.ise when she attempted . tie conceal the{
pr • cip'es. While it - -contained much that was death of such 'child, and, punished her acciiyd- j
u . ,
- pound is reasothand just in application to the re- ingly, unless she could• . •rmike positive prinif
' tenons and beisinesinffeirs or life, it was meter, that such child wae,born dead. .:Thus steed
, thetas, as a system. gresslyalefective, at the time the criminal law of our State - at -the, period of
• if was transplanted by the colonists to this coati. the Revolution -4i Code -sufficietatly sanguine-
Will. •• In its doctrines and fermatas, it habitually ry to attest -its origin,' rind the 'orbit:nu and
violated the plainest dictates of common sense,
aristocratic -institutions' under which it' had
and natural justice. Its procedure and the detil.s b ,, en , maintained. ,
.. .._
-.
~ 1 . , ~ , . .
efitopraceice, was surrounded by • an inextricable ` -
network of technicalities and unintelligible jargon. As soon as the greet:work ; of - the'Revolu
in-which respect, there; is,yet ample roam for im- lion was accomplished, and influenced thereto
provement. When we consider the period of the by its broad principles of equality and- human-1
world'shistory in which the common law had its ity, our fathers set earnestly about - reforming
origin and growth, thesocial and political condi our penal code. • The first constitution, estab
tion
of the country in which .it obtained;- we are, fished - during the Revolutionary Struggle, en-
only surmised that it eras not so deformed by the joined it as an express duty upon; the Legisla
;
• false-prinendee and manners of the times, as to lature," that the penal laws as heretofore used
• be Wholly unfired to answer the' requirements of should be reformed as seem as may' be, and
a, highly enlightened, refined and commercial age,
unishments made in some Cases l -
less &molten
euch as that iu which we now; live.
been
upon p
ity, , g enera l l y .. m o re • -. . —v.
la
Cue fowidation, the common taw has been reared' • ni ,„ -
crimes for, which they, are inflicted ,”. towhichl
one of the grandest syStems of jurisprudence.cver
-devised by man--the most rich, and varied in its was added, " that to-deter- more effectually
' upPlication to the diversified relations and affairs of from the comniission of crimes, by continued
life, giiitig Security "in ' the largest progeny. ip. visible punishment-of long duration; and 'to
tirresis of ''the'world, rind determining by its judg- make sanguinary punishment - less necessary,
mews the 'rights, relative. duties and obligations honSes ought to be provided for Punishing by
. '
of Mote than-fifty millions of human beings -This bard labor; those .who..telralll. be convicted 'of
great work, by which the crude maxims and min- crimes net capital." In' con:phi-nee with this
eiples of an e art y age, Were Modified and enlarged, constitutional mandate, an ,f* Act for 'amend
so we to meet the wants of the -.present improved ing t h e p e ppi-t i te s of this State was passed On
' condition Of communities and states, is the result the 15th of September !11 - 86.1 by . which some
of the enlightened and laborions efforts of the.able few crimes before MI iti l ''
D I , were -punished ' v
• b
. and goodimen or modern timer, ID this wok . - h • • and ,-- - -
forfeiture of t e real personal estate of
legislators and judges have united—to the latter . .
specie*, we are indebted for the boldness with the criminal, and imprigonment at hard labor;
which they have pruned from the ed trunk Or the and all those offences not capital,. for .which,
-common Law, and engrafted upon it new and by the laws -then in force, burning in . _ the
equitable principles. adapted tcethe enlarged bus- hands cutting off theears, nailing,- the ears to
1
iness interests, and uncial:no d condition or men: the pillory, whipping, ike., are inflicted; should
-The sanctions oftlee common law were harsh there:ifter be 'punished. by imprisonment at
and sanguinary; thernatural fruits-of ignorance, hard labor for a term ntit exceeding two years.
and a comparatively fude and. semi-barbarons The.maletimtors- punished under this act, were
• age. Crimes in general were defined with rem.. employed in public as Well as private labors: -
*enable certainty, hut the criminal wassubjected
-and provision was marls for restoring,-the end
to a trial ;Under circumstances greatly adverse to it of such convicts, as evinced A 'sincere refor
ws eighty; Bad satety,i and if, found galley, often mo ti o n . - It declared thatattaindershou ld
no .
*wished with cruel halnanity. Under' the . -
. ... d work corruption of blood in npr . case, or• - ettz
name ot." bene fi t of clergy". all who protease a
alight firamledge' di lettere here iu most cases tend • to the disinhersion or - prejudice 'of. ..itly
exepipi frOm the extreme Pezialtiei; of the law. -• person or persons, other than :the offender,.i
To such; was given al kind of impunity in - crime, This provision t which struck at one of the most
-. while npnia the' siMple sad uneducated - mails, the odious features. of the English code, was in
_ law dealt out its punishments
. of scourgings and -corporated with some enlargement of its . oh
death. - !A code ' thud rigorous, - and. administered I - , E jects, into_ the constituti.h of 1790:' . This acts
• with sash inequalityi, end - injustice, provokes no lof 1786, was regardedsas. an experiment, and
'= amazement, when we fully, understand the politi- I Was limited to a period of three - rears. - The
' • cal and Social condition of the country and tirnesel systetn was .revised by; an act passed ;the sth i
In which it-was tolerated -gild- enforced- - - /,..h.t f - of April 1790, Whick-provided• for. '' , •thrr
masimsnn • misam•rs or tha t agsotlig'Fre iclu e l Y I cells in which to ' confine:-the th ' ,01.1. ~
e - o more hardened
f nni -- the humane veutiments, the refined feetinosi • •
o and - -Mize:nous offenders—for the. Mode _of
a lid elevated morals'that sway, with such power . . e mploying
the public opinion of the -world at - the preeent day,. feeding, clothing and
„ convicts,with:
• The mass' or the people' were but- little elevated lin the jail, and not as formerly- in public—for
above the condition of slaves. - The, puisnits - of lexcludiPg all visitOrs,l for - the - protection- of
labor, especially t h, „hi r - at ;„ of the w it, were i those confined against the erueltr of, jailors
regarded as degrad:ng and penile, and• feats nf
,and keepers of pris , noi, and - for re:meting fel
' areithriwa.r-end tournament, were alone esteem-
. ons, from the comities' to - ,the jail of'PliiiadeL.
ed worthystithe noble widgeon°. . Indee:Lit „is tibia: . , This - net-teas elSo,;iiitendeel as an 6.C.•
hut a brief period in the world's history, since - the peritherital . trial of a new nett
.nlittigated sYe r
, wont! blotid.ofehisAn,glo Suxon, coursed through tent of plinishments,:and Was limited iii its on
.
.
the ve ins of the Serf.- ~ Under the. influenee of 1 eration to a peri o d tif,five'year4; ktheprOS•
, pritittiples and Sentiaients there false and . &grad- I
‘ eention of this reforination of one penal, code
in to inailhood;and lathe . Midst of institutiona[ nn o the i tLi;t . v .,, , s . ~a a.• d 6 --;,„ t b- 0 .,.. ...... . - • ,
. ' not far trinoved from barbarism; did the - CoMmoul b . ~,- ~s , . ' " i !..: r . c . ,'' e
_..,1a pi_wptern
; law hate'its origin ,'Ond earlier growth. 'Thai 'it I • • .'--' " w nee contained onmy,excelleht pro;
• shaiddhelanithem/even cruel in its puniehments visions touching the jpreeedings - ift - :_critninal
..--oppressive, and Oartial in itsndministration; is •
casen, end. for : bringing ,offenders sto punish
therefore--no ground fur n•ouderment:', Man--was . merit.- i t repealed so'niuch-ofthe Statute of
:' held in fo i etaihnntiOn""'hiS humanity, -and-the boles' Ist. as 'related - in, conjuration end witch
- dignify of his intellectual and moral esquire , little.' Craft, 'and jn'otith.4:lti,ut restitution .;of. stolen
-- to or respiicted.., The great idea cif. the 1
goods should be made to -the 'Owner, before any.
brothertioad.of the Mee—etre:en' s duties and ote , fuifei . turr - shotild acefite - t - OtheState. !Living
figetionti to his felicity trtau—of that strour IYMPal . lthui ' grnduallY:And eautionslY,titiring a period
- thy- w hich should hind together, in mutual_ g hr;ual, love l of j- years; approadtied towards' 'a - ifore en;
ad d nee l i k eet,' those having mconothou origin and
.. 41 lightened - Mid -- butnine - Criinihil -- '. ..
patent, the
.. ..... ... , ~
_.- . ,-
common viewinyoneee ennobling endhninauizitig" ,i - - --- - - °-"
•
sentiments :Ltd - little - Air_ no influence ' otenthel Le g i s l a t u r e , procce_ml, , to consumniate 'the. -
,ror - inetituilothit - of turn. ut the. *rice to j great and exemplary WOrk jiy. the .
pet. nt'22tl
Which iliefeMerred. - The criminal was regar- ' of April lipc by whielt. it. IS' dechifed; 'that
• • 41 - ed amid ationt-east,worthy only stripes:- no, crime ivlititsitevor "therealtet-COunititted
-. torture and'aeialic..l HIS Wood sees•attainted.-ren- i ( e 2 ; 6 1 3 :;. 10 nt'der in tkie: - -firaf4P,siree) shall tie
' . , slered infameui - .,endtiiatranagression visited open i punished with death "; . - ,The net the.n proceeds
.', -the:innocent ci thaigeomitir which; attached toI 1 , 3 define Murder' in the firseinvisinond degra degree; . • . - .b7a -children; and in due SOrfeituresif -his estates.- - it abolishes: it - fliitinernin::betweeti:Oetit. tree-.
2 .2 , Tb,, rigors of the ciratnituritta hardly-berna - said , sun nnd tidier kinds of in - nyder it prescribes '-
. : , to hive been mitigated'atthatiine , nt the - settle., i the putdAiliei)t. ,in anieint tutirdeeof the ,"first
firit
. . ', ,
Menu oil -this nontinent, ..tierYdid At -itaideigO, aul. and second degree - , high• treasok' erstin, r m ;
~ ..greatrefortris'fortriany-yarn
, counterfeiting, tind knowingly uttering. no Pe !
t h e , , , r io it ig -.rode
.of Englant.a.4. tWore•Jilld terfeit gold And BilVel` ..
1 - ..'
''
--- k
. ulk- '
• . rirthiiincreased iii - iteverity kV :the e. tratitiao3ini: ; u g ly -' -' - • -- o ?i nr.. P.rgingt. or .natv
,
s,- mayhem •
- :•viersins Statutory". offencei. particaliii 3 Of ti - - la
r i li e t''' voluntar raid • fo rg ed
I- batik ' - '
- eel nature,. uuknoWu to thenticient-Invi.'-:'rniiit -,;„'--eh.„.„-- ,l b ;;-d ~1 7" - .. 1 4. 41 , 6' Lti#l3o4l.7g*r ;I can.,
- • '. country for marry years; almost -centarieri, after it `‘'. 7. ' 74 .' - - ''''''!''' 4 u ' ist ard:chila t•Oolaritit=
- I tuid - takOi tank rte one of the most.eiviliaid of ea! ting:A.Sec - ond Offinee`capital before . the*V - of
' - tions,: , but before it hod .eittainedifireiligh - -refine..... - ,1113 P -';'-it .abniias the • benefit Of , elsrl,,y; - and
•:. went irtiefeaca,endlitefaturentlin the howl -PnoSolb6a.4lte - pntiisbuient. for offences before
- • • 4 46,-otitko:Kitir,,:sqktliiioit , ser,itlitiog#4o,h; ' - iii, 40#:di : JO ;:it - laroyif4s for the:,retnOyal,Of all
1-, :: thitilluntre,orsitlitaiiit*Mstlititievalittioss• and lrict- , e o OXlct# lOYP.P.Lcilliirckt..lll".thi . ..,.firat degiee)
4. l ;oo 4l olisiansiko il!i.Ok OM :or titifileiiiii:ef this . - frini,*.feverni counties - 19 the jail of - Phila.,
.'. thee, 1,43:61:10. -tlite-e*esisinkPfttr' - -**il•e•rgii 'aelfililltoittl:st their '.trOattli,elit 'while , there eon
;,,,tvai. - *Pkisiiitki*lft;T:coi*eqoeit uponrjui thett.*--7-=,,,':::, , , Y."':'.7.:. ,-:.Y - .
,:t ..: - -: z, - - : . I.' : :, -:
/.. 4.,..odi:Oiatitile.rit all civilisett**. 2 -11101 1 71a.koilltk, $ - i/-' , MietoybilitS beetfiinliefoils ottieractsvies:
. . . .., .. , „ ._
..,..
ed'frem time te,titne;: - regidatinsfpraciedings
.in criminal eases; definitei'ciffinces, and - pre
ieribirigthe punishment, recovery
.. tetiehin4the
und:payinent ..Of. , 'eoste,'. and 'givitig,''the jury
power over theni.;:in certain ' tsismi;..and - pey.
.fettititthe discipline, poliee - and; general - reg.
elation and rnanageraent of out. l'enitentiary.
'systeni.;:but - I.have Viciented - : ifie- great and
distinguishing•leittures of our criminal Code
as it now stands and-is. enforced: -We
,have
seen, a Systein of cruel ,and even barbarous
punishments..coinpletelveradieded.root rind
branch, within the short period of eight-years .
(from 1786 to' 1794,) an,Cestublished%triAti
sterid;the - most jnat,' - benefietitit and :ininitine
code of criminal - laW, ever known to..any age.,
or country. -- 'lt:Wei:a - Work' such as 'lna no
parallel lathe history of the world; -and' tnny !
justly be risetibed.to,that 'broad and coinpre'-
liensiveehatity,which shone, so:.conspicueos 1
in the faith of the early founders of our State
=to', the . - influence •of those great': ideae of
emiality and humanity mina Which Mir Revd
lution Was, based ;- but above ntid .beyOnd -nII,
to thei mere full and just appreciation - cif 'the
spirit and claims of.that h benign Religion Which
wail announced to our race by, the., proelania-.
tion of “Pesee on eaith, and goodwill towards
men." History: furnishes another instance of
such a - great iittd radical change in the penal
code Of a State, effected within so short - a pe
riod, and ;by the voluntary actioo of its snv
i.ireigra,authority:. It is - the'croWning glory of
:our:State'~her pheuliar tumor that she led'the
!way In this'. work' of amelioratingatonsil
landianguiratrY code, and set an
. example' of
ijustiee, forbearance 'and Moderation 'that-. hiis
• emninanded 'the "admiration .of the'...eivilized
world; and furnishedit Model for 'the legisla 7 -
lion of other States and ..nations... • '
The'iriminat Code of Penottylvatia; when
we consider, its history, and the enlightened
Philanthropy that led to its adoption, is; thy
most honorable and endUring monument ever
erected to. tlie. fame of a contoninwealth.--
Properly, to . catiniate :its Character, We must
contemplate_it'as a humane effort in adiree :
tion hitherto Untried, in conflict :with the gen
erally received .opVions of menris reversing
nil . the principles ia'regard to crime .and its
punishinent, which - had previously guided the
legislation of States: :Forthe law of cruelty,
we substituted the law -of kindnesa—for •tor-
tures and death; the pessibilitjr of repentance
I and the hope Of reihatuation. • The, law, here-1
tofore, had always_treated the flagrant offend-I
er as n Wild:beast; to 'be restrained • only by
the severest - and elfin inhumane dikipline; Kw
reformed code reca4nized' his lin:amity, and
the ClairnS that • gave him - to our conimisse ra-
Lion 'and best endeavors to win him back'to
the-paths of integrity viol virtue.
. In view or ' trio mild and beneficent code of
criminal law in force in our State it becomes,
all: called ' to .its administration, to Consider
Well of their duties and'ir.sponsibilities. • Our
. Oommonwealih inflicts no punishment noi - do.
Mantled by the totereSts and safety Of society,
;die keeping coristantly - in View the reforrna:
lion' and,ultininte . good of the criininal himself.
These considerations.slniuld'excite usall to a
fearless and resolute Performanite - vf dety.-=
No offender should escape_ ""the just 'Punish
ment of his crime, through theneglect, timidi
, ty s or 'false sympathy of any engaged in the
I : idministration rind execution of lards. - All
experience - J.nclies that/ the . cerhrinty of pun
ishnient is the' most . eirectital restraint' upon
the conduct of the disisolute and winked:- If
every breach et- the law was visited by im
mediate and condign punishment; crime would
be mreindeed—society would be secure in Ps
,great interests, and the rights of person and 1
property ityiolate. But this desired eonsum- '
reation cannot be:attained -by human tribu:
n:ils. Any attempt to establish. asystern of
summary punishment.for.erime, would convert
the tribunals'of the lawinto the most terrible
arid irresponsible engines of tyrranity and op-
premien, involving. indiscriminately tilt-inno
cent with .the guilty: The question of guilt
I or innocence' is one that cannot be hist ily and
Isnmniarily disposed of: A safe conclusion can
i only be reached after a most esreful inqeiry,l
in due course of law;nnd under th..se rules of!
j evidence established by experience as best cal-1
' ciliated - to lead to ;certainty end truth: The
judgments ef the law - must :twilit this cautious;
enquiry, often attended with tedious and ex-
pensive delays; but when guilt 'is clearly es
tablished, the sanctions of the law should come
With promptness and energy: In no other
Way can social order be preserved 'orthe rights
of individuals secured: If the law fails to
punish the wrong doer, after bis'guilt is clear
ly manifest, men will take the redre'ea of inja
, ries iri their own hands, and the Aeryi founda
tions of the' political-and social fabric be bro
ken Up.
, . Tio groat duty imposed upon 'criminal
'court, is to proseeme. according to laW;inqui
ry into the guilt or innocence of those eltarg•
"ed - With public offencestO see that, the Pine
' cent have a spetdy dellierence, and that-mer
ited punishment is meted out to the' gnilty.-
la the execution of this delicate task, yen,-
gentlemen, are called to perform a responsible
part. - A careful analysis
: and thoughtful esti
mate of the, oath - You have recently taken, will
be your best guide , in the diseh:irge of 'your
more important_duties. You :ire to make dil
igent enquiry o all. Sikh rnitters 'and things'
as shall he, given you in charge by the Comt,
or. otherwise tome to your.knowledge-'-the
CorrononWealth's .coansel,= your fellows; and
your own, you are to keep Secret. - You are
to presenflici - one for'envy, hatred or malice ;
nor to.leiVe nay one unpresented . for fear, fa
vor • or affection,.Or the hope of - reward; „bat
Ito present all flints truly an they shall dome
to your knotvledge. . A -very comprehensive
obligation: 7-and should be well weighed and
considered by all.who . take it upon themselves:
The trial by jorils justly the boast of the
Com Mon Latin. ' It is entinentlyfitted to meet
the ends of justice, and to preserve the rights
and liberties of the Citizen:- In .some sense;
the accursed may tiei' said to enjoy this right in'
a tay&feld degree. It is true that yetCdo - not I
.pass finally upon 4he 'guilt or innocence; but
no mint can be put upon his trial-for acrimi
nal. offence, except upon the finding 'and form
al charge of the Grand Jury.:- , ln this. you arc
made in,. an especial manner, the guardians of
the fnnoeent. .It is no -slight -matter, to .be
broughtinte.Cpuit on a criminal eharge.--te•
be called npon to . plead to an indietineot, to',
be the objtict".of public curiosityit, nine he I
of nocharitable.sospicion r - , and to await :dl the . :
forms of a tedious and. protractedtrial.-oven I
though a deliverance come at last. , The inno
cent man 'feels;that. be haebeen degraded.-by
an nnjanktircesatien. He. Isar been restored,
taliberty,afikttrionths of intense and aleep-,;
less-anxiety, and the expenditure, it. maYibe, I
ore good part of his,substance.,. One so eir..::
eilmitanced,would very naturallrfeel,Aat in
his, case the law'had.beeir - made the instru;
anent of 'opPressirm.
.Theinnneent shOuld.be'
protected front ..the taint °Cruise, :nee e ar ‘aaat i l b o i n o ,:
and the anxiety rind: -expense.-expense Insp
from n public trial. .Ms eininentryinur duty 1
Pafford to the innocent this pmtectiort.''Prose--
ctitiens, era often institutedwithoot j ust matte,
nad.4i)m motives tif . :Prit'.4ie-ilialetralenie.,
I r OO:4:ll7incttibfe.l66; : ilg,illiq .lll:arreatiiag_ . all
eieli 'eaneeintid..,ivbea found; titntelo:aet . - ttlinti '
theta the iiiirk:of .yatii.7.gditiapprobiitirin . ;Per
this,porrisetbelaarlias giren-yoaperWer' to
impose' coat& upon the, preeeentor. la . ..eased .
~ . .
not.nmonntint . to` felony, -,: When the offence
thirged..letheitidiettnent:"ll44elopy;theri.
Yoti Itivai r eo etinlrot :nier'enati.:- -, ,,ili' a general
rule, if' the:o4ll6+r charged :ne'.lintingi been
feloniouttlytenitnittedif the' words
orfelonionaly:liiensed'iritheindietinetit; the
trio:le - 414.1S felopyi•iink Oil Vain i!rt,ii :rattierl
iniertheqUestiOn'of Oats.' ; Pi all-In dictment.;
-where these words Are tot'foita4,in Untie "ryOtt
return- Not it tine' billf: yei - ';attUuld ~--atii;
Whether the county prosecntor-shoold shoot the costs of prosecution ;,and. if - the latter, you
pay
shouldninme hien.:.;You te roman.
bly. thelieth-ot tbdchargelaidle
the iridiettrient,'beibrd-troit-roturn it !'.‘A Tree
Bill." That litg,lt:-.dogree certainty,: which
alone Would justify', the: - Traiersi Jury in; re•
turtling. dicrdiet of :gniity,:isiot-I'required
the firidinger do ledittment;.yet there Sliduld,
exist it Strong probability, of the guilt the
person 'of Persontieharged------a' probability not.
resting upon„suspleifin,Or loose and uncertain_
testimony; but sustained by evidence credits:
ale-iniits ;diameter, and clearly implicating.the
Yon'hate but one side of the'case
presented to you—you hear only the evidence .
in behalf - of the:State. This shonld.indece
yon ; to:dthorOugh .and.serutinixing.examina
e .the .tite witnesses; el L
ctof
is
reachto
the cse, ns to dis
cover the inittiVeillint. prompt - the. Preisecii;
''lion. f.'
While it is. Your, duty,to. 'throw :Irma the
innocent the Shield youf
countenance. tricial:;and untoinnied peiseed.
wateh i vigilantly Oat the law . is not
made an instrumentufrioression,or the means
for the gratification Of private hatred or malice
is no less your duty to lend active and ef
ficient aid id,bringing . , the guilty. to punish:,
meet. If'yon are remiss im . yonr duties fe.tliis.
respect—if:through tveakneSs;
timidity, or tpo
Lives j 0! ..4 yon fail to charge those
iigiinst - wheel .. there is established d Streng
probability of Make the law power -1
less and, giVo: impunity to. crime -The other
- branehes of this Qirt—nay, all the ministers
of the law'—are impotent to
. reach - the'.gailty
'offender, If the Grand Jury fail in the fearless I
discharge of its duty. You are in a great mens--.
ure responsible for the peace, order, and Well
being of the society or which you form a part.
Your jorisdietien;,as an enquiring mid inform
ing tribunal; extends to all matters and
.things
nffeethig, thd-publie peace and publidniondm.
You are brought, together frem every prittuf
the county, that . the - Jury 'as a body, may be -
.Well informed touching its general morals and 1 1
social condition. If in any part of the . County
there exist grievances of a public nature; affect
ing
the;general good—if there be, tolerated
open iindfl/gfunt tices, corrupting to the public
!morals, okposing the young to temptation, and
tending to_ immorality and vice—it is your de
ty to present all 'such matters to - 'the
when the proper steps will be taken_ to sup
presS the evii,.nnil punish those who encour
age and niain6in it. . Of this cherneter'ern all
tippling heuses:, and places of habitual resort
for the idle end intempende, where is permit
ted an open prothnity and looseness of =rm.:
nation offensive to decency and morality—pla
ces of accustomed, and constant resort forgam
bling--and heusei of debauchery and been'.
tiousness. That you may be free from every
improper restraints in prosecuting 'your enqui
ries over this wide field of , duty, the law. has
enjoined secrecy in your deliberations.. -
" An act,for the-suppression of Gambling,"
was passed on thel6th day of February,lB47,
by n bleb the keeping of any house, room, or
tenement to he used and occupied for gambling,
or. the renting' by the' menet of any. such place
- to be used for such n purpose, or if the owner
know that it. he so used and occupied, and does
not tnekeseomplaint thereof, in either of these
cases, the person offending is punishable by in
dictment, and fine not less than fifty, nor more •
than five hundred - dollars.
If any'person • lieep any gambling table' or
, .
Opparatus to win monev 'or other.property, or
if he shall engage in geMbling fern livelihood,
or shall be without - an ir fixert . residence and in
' the habit or practice of gambling, he'shall be
deemed and taken to be a common gambler,
and upon conviction punished hard labor in
the Penatentiary not less than one nor more
than five yearS. Keny :person shall by invita
tion persuade another to' visit any place, kept
for gamblin g , he shall be responsible for the
money lost thiongh such invitation, and-fined
in a ,sum not less than fifty nor more than, five
hundred dollars. It is made the duty of all
Sheriffs, Constables and prosecuting attorneys
to inform and prosecute all offenders against
this iiet„ and fro the Judge to give it in cl - rrge
to the grand Jury. You will note, that it is
keeping a room, house, or tenement for the
purpose of gambling, that is made punishable
by this act. The occasional gambling in a
honse.or room, but one not fitted up and kept
for this purpose, if indictable rata common isw,
would not fall within the Under considera
tion. Neither does its provisions apply to one
.who may occasionally gamble, but to him who
follows Wier n livelihood, or who having no .
fixed residence is in the habit Or practice of this
vice.
It is made the expressduty of the Court to
call your:attention to certain . provisions"-of
" An Act Regulating Banks," passed the 16th
of April, 1850, by which is .prohibited the cir
culation of or transfer of any bank note; bill;
certificate or acknowledgment of indebtedness,
purporting to be - a bank note, or of the nature ;
character or appearance of a bank note; calm-,
lated. for circulation, isiued, - by any inesorpora
tion or association of persons not located in
Pennsylvania, of a - less denOinination titan five
dollars; and in addition to certain civil-penal
ties, it is, declared that any violation of „the
foregoing provisions shall be indictable. rts.a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction is punish
ed. by fine, not less than .one dollar and not
exceeding one hundred 'dollars ; and it iS.Mado
the,duty of the several grand juries to make
presentment of any person - within theirreT
spective - counties guilty of a violation •of tbe
provisim to which halt() specially Called your
attention: . .
• . ,
- • You arc- aware, gentlemen ,. that you can
take, no Action as ,a body _upon any subject, un
less twelve of you agree and'coneur in sucli -
Action.., - -•.- . • .
WINTgII IN GEII3IANY.-It 18 almost
warming by contrast, in this extrema cold
weather Of ours, to read thelollowing ac
count of i the rigors of a German' Winter.
It is an nitract of ,a letter from `a. lady of
Philadelphia,pow , On a visit to tho father
land
" We have had a. very severe snow storm,
which continued fifty-four hours. The *al&
est inhebitints say theyhaie never known
an Mitch slimy to fall 'in-so short a space of
time.: The snow'now hes 'four feetikigli in
the streets. There are .htindrecis of people
emplayed in clearing the Sidcwalki. Three
poor unfortunate women.Werefound , frozen
in,the snow. near 4he cit y:;- It lies twelve
feet high 'between • here and: Leipzig, and
fourteen persons and ten Ones _were found
buriedin the sod*, neeit'Eautzen. The
mad is intense, bud 'the poor suffer tiread,
TELEGRAMS, Iti TUE ti S.—The. Coin.
menwealth states'that there ate alreidi, in
the
_United States and'Oaniida more than'
12,000 Miles of wire, inveliring a capital of
$3,000,000;.: To work these lines costs an
nually 720 tons 'of zinc, Worth $57,600
more than a million pounds of 'nitrio acid,
worth $1.17,806, and 427,000' worth of
merenryi besides
,a considerable value in
sulphuric acid, etc. On the line kip Pitts
.burg, to Cincinnati a one ; t ere were.trans
mitted in the _year Ibso_, 374,550 paid de ,
spatches,r and the revenue _received was
$73,278.- .l _
Kostuth tras - written to the Mayor of Al.;.
bany,, accepting ' so invitation ; to .-visit That.
Oity 45 the"gthisi ofthcleoitotatioit.: • •
THE DEMOCRAT,
tiu Liirgiont Clicullorilati'.ll2.= Northern.
•3p,eipinsy!vainia.-10338,(Jorpier3VeeilOY••
SJ & E,. 11 CHASE, EDITORS.
;:-:',-)': -ia,itrOi-ei';:z,ol.-.
irlillllDAleal JANPART 22, t 852.
. .. _
:The Law of-Newspapertir.•
.
1. Subscribers who do not give express notice to the
contrary, are.ionsldered as nisblng tq eel:Wane their
subscriptions'., . ; ; • 4.
, .
2:: ;If subso,lbersorder the dletentinnanie of th eir pa.
Pere, the publisher may continue to send them till all
errearsgeomv Mad. '' I . ; .
3: 'lf riubiiiitis ..niiii•it M.; refuili-fritirke tli‘iti pa
pers !rain the-office where they are directed; thOy ,are
held- responsible until they. have, ordered ;..thcir Pepsin
diecentined and settled. their : bills.' - : .. . ' . ~ i
'4 , .If. sulrscribers ?earwig to other places, without In.
fOrming,the irubSeher, and tho paper la: sent to the for,'
Merdirectien, they are he'd responsible.
~. i : ;;-
• I The Courts lave decided that referilnx to iake a
,
paper or periodical fr om the office, or removing and leay.,
ling it 'uncalled for. TI Idle In arrears to the publtther; Is,
.
evidence of intentional fraud.', :. • . .
.
• O. Any person wborecelves a newspaper and;roakes,
"use of it; ho I has over orderer; it snt : or ' ot,. la
I held In law to be a euhscriher. , .. 1
' 1"...
The Courts hire' also repentedly decided,that a
Postmasterarlto ocklects to Perform his
. duty Migivlng..!
i reasonable notice, as'requiied by the regulations l i of the .
IPosirditeedenartment, of the neglect of 0 person to take
from the offlee,,newepapers addressed tohim, #odere
i himself liable o the , publishrr for the Enbeeriptlol price.
ter Governor, BIGLEII was irnnig4rated
Tuesday hist, and entered upon the discharge
Of his duties. Paiticulars next week.
CV" We publish a communication .on our
fourth page; from a yoOng gentleman fcirmer
ly of thii - nounty,:itow of ". the West:" It will
be fourid interesting, wnpresuine,aUdiniliope
to hear frOm our correnpondent-frequeUtly:
Columbia. county has instructed her
Delegates for Col. 31asoN, for Canal Coininis.
sionor. t From present ludic:l6oUß, Mt , . Ma
son will be tho strongest candidate the
-
Coniention.
r0130v: Johnston has vetoed the Bill for
to
the_repeal ofthe Aet lortiidding our jails
be used for the confinement of Fugitive qlaves,
Our readers will recalled that ho carridd this
Bill in' his " pocket" during the pasti cam
paign; in order to catch votes by blowing
hot and cold.'; Anotli - er Bill has been ihrodu
cud into the Senate by Gen. Pucker 4, the
same import.
arleossuth's reception at Harrisburg, last
week, was of the most enthusiastic kind.! The
Capitol was with ladies before the thne
fur the meeting of the House, and w4n .the
time arrived the Members could not ge:t their
seats. organization conld 'goi, such
was the row and confusion of the *name'
body that crowded the Hall and every :ivenue
leading, to it. After - every OthiTr efloitt had
been exliatisted, the military were called out,
who sneeeded, at.tne paint of the h.q.:Me r in
clearing. the. entrance .for Kosiuth and 'the
menibersi and in restoring order insideJ, We
intendlo publiskhis speech there and 'nt An
napolis next week, if possible.
• t
We are gratified at being ableito lay
before our readers the learned Charge Of Hon.
DAVID WIIIMOT to the Grand Jury on assu
ming the charge of the Judicial difairs!of our
'county, Monday last. The foundation of our
criminal cc*, its prOgreSs and adaptation to
the refinement of the age, the 'spirit ini which
it Was formerly administered as contrasted
with the present, thespirit which should gov
ern in its administration, the duties of *good
citizens, and the necessity forMi . ealightened
and ameliorated , system . of pUniOnien,lis well
as ter the prompt and faithful eiecution of the
law, together with the interests ofj coMmoni
ties and the
_rightannd relations of the Mem;
bens thereof, are set forth in a comprehensive
and lucid style. No one, who readS.it ;attent
ively, can tail to rise from its perusal iristinct.-
ed': rind . interested: Yt is rich with . learning,
research;nnd reason
Accident and Deat i
We learn that - mr. Anent STantir;cormer
ly of Ch o&on at, thi4 'e oun ty,. was - kill ed iby the
tall of a limb frora 'a: tree in the . %ynediwhere.
he was engaged, in cutting logs. had fell,
ect a.tree.that lodged, and
.whilefallinglarath
erfor the purpose of bringinglloWn the first,
he was• struck by a large liration the he l ad, and
Survirg4 but about twenty :minutes i _
Stanley removedfrom thiS.county, : leas than
two years since, to Sylvester; WiscOnsia,where
helOs since resided. , He leaves a large' fam
ily, and Many friende,' as: ho was !ttnienially
esteemed where kaown..
court Proceedings:,;
, ,
Monday, ;an. t9:—TheComrnission Of Hon.
DAVID WILMOT, Presidentt.of .the ,thirteenth
Judielat Distrit;t.tias Presented and :read.
Said District ettniposed of the counties 'of
Bradford,. Suignellinna, and ,Sullivan. Also
the Cemilission'of John Boyle and Davis, D.
Warrier v -Esom, Associate Judges of th Court
of Cotillion Pltia - of tiusquehanna County,
were read in open pout. , , I
‘ Commonwealth ys.Davis - C.Marshatl, Page
D. Marshall, and Jerome Bentley; Indietinent,
tanieny. :Defendants. plead guilty; Not yet
s6titenCell." -
Com,m . .. .
onwealth:vs. Windsor Ayiesworth on
three Indictments for Larceny. On ona;`iluirge
verdictenot guilty„Mione•no verdict, Jury not
a g reeing, And on the verdict ail*. '
third. .
ConrfonWoulth . ,ve. B. . "AyleSyverth,l James
McDonald ; Jas;" McDonald, • Jr., Wm. I Blake,
Gilbert:Dalton, Silas',Wintere;lsl.v A. Brindle;
and John" H., - Drown. Indietritent,:Conspiracy
. in making and paising 01 counterfeit. iiiney,i
now on trial this (Wednesdiy evening.?
We do mot report the action :of the !Grand
, Jury; for thereason that such information of
',ton enablea,persons eharged,vvhile yet at large,'
to escape. Perhaps We - shouldslay; that the
1 new• Bench. have thus pa' proceeded with:dist;
patch in husinesst and that - everything con-
netted has passed coif very eatlsfov-
I tOI I Y and pleasantly. , •
riari Tho' gansachusettalidataie have,
bya ibint Insolation; invited Kosautir to that
state. ' .
Con:attic on Banks.
'3Weitotice that Mr. Reastrow . , - our Member
of theLegislature,.htis „been appointed Chair:
man of the CoMmittee on Banks... This is: it
respqnSible'CoMMitter ; , nna in placing Mi.
Rsouroei,at - its hod, Speaker RtrEr . evinees'
Ow Attle,.-forethOnghl, Since. Susqnebanna
County hae become tericroterioue for broken
ranks, the Speakertelght well conclude that
Mr......Rxesitow...would.-be. just thel,man,, for.,
Chairman; tnasmueb as he, naturally, would
beTwell learned intim. , ways and means" by
which men contrive to violate and evade Bank
laws with impunity,-and pocket, thousands at
a single stroke.... daderstanding this, as he.
must, Mr. Ittexitow lie well prepared;to gaard
against - those - things - in Bills'that may pass his
supervision. • Spenknr Ririv iiVertainirenti
tled to the credit ofriauch'foi4thought and sa
gacity ; and we trust that he delivered a copy
of the Bank Repart; . .by 31easni..-Wmqtrr and
PICEALEIV: to theChairtnanimmediatkry anon
hie appointment, to be used, (kin all. cures of
WoOt," in • the ;Corninittee It'shooa
have been done. with itiPoSieg.ecrernoides._
.Gov.-BiglerV Cabinet. •
• At
,tit4eeting.of,,the "Young'Ntli's - petno 7
erotic Association . of Pottsville, held on,_ the
_ .
14th lost., the folloWing, : strong and compli;
mentary resolutions ',were patisedi, _
Resolved, :That-.rye hai),o nnboanded mine'
dence. in-our newly elected Democratic Gov
ernor, whose inclining !administration bids fair
to be more popular- arid efficient than- any
which have preceded it; and that as a portion
of the Democracy Of the State, we will give
it a united and enthu'siastic sepport. . . --
ReSolved, That in the.seleetion'of our fel
low citizen, F. W. Hughes, Esq., MS Secretary:
of the:Ciimmonwealth, the_Governor has been
peculiarly fortunate and while he has appre
ciated one of his able and efficient friends; he
has at the-.same time conferred ;in honor .on
one in. whom we s haie theinost implicit con
fidence, and. one, as.; an- active and consistent
-Deewerat, of whom the Democracy of Schuyl
kill county have just reason to beproud. •
-ReSolved; That in the selection of the Hon.
Jambi Campbell, as Attorney' General, we al
so feel especial delight, and hail ns a just trib
.ute most woribY, Democrat and estimable
citizen. In •his integrity as u Democrat, and
his ability as a lawyer, we have unlimited con
fidence, and eordially endorse his appointment.
SNOW'AT T4EW altaARS.—ThO good people
of NewOrteans were visited, on , the 18th inst.;
with the rare noveltir.of,a fall of snow, which
is thus noted in the Picayune: • - •
L 1 a netually had, a slight fall of snow yes
terday aftern ion-about 4 quarter to 4 o'clock.
It was liken dreani r —alinost _as, quickly gone
as'eome ; but it served ns n topic for wonder
- and chit-chat thNi4ilion; the city. Some - , of
the children down town, black and white, who
had n&er before seen the article, were fright
enCd half out.of their wits by- its appearance.
W'We find the following in the IVarerk
Luminary. The poetry evidently run road:
At Athens, Pa., on the 13th ult., Ur. James
Bee to Miss M:irtha'Ann Flower.
Well has this little busy "Bee". .
Improved life's shining hour;
He gathers_ honey now sill day
From one sweet chosen "Flower;
.And from this itive, if heevei'n please,
He'll raise a•sivarm of little "Bees."
ASTOUNDING. DISCOVeRIES3.— Some Of
the most astounding discoveries of gold we
have ever heard of have,. during the - past
we. k, been made within a mile of this place,
in an easterly direction,: .The'whole
_town
in fact, seems to have - run mad—every class
of our community, front the linangiok idler
to the most e , oargetic,- having. gone post
haste to the new Rl:Dorado, (some of them
even late at night;) and staked, off claims
for nearly a mile, up and down the hill sides,
bordering upon the headofthe Chilean
Gulch.- The newdiguings'are culled Sport
Hill, from the fact that their extraordinary
.richness, have tempted out nearly all the old
sportsmen of our :town, who Inky now bo
daily .seen wielding pick and spade as lus
tily as the hardiest mitten- .:It 'would be
useless for ns )iere to, repeat any of the
many extravagant stories . (none or Which
are .contradieted) that We have heard
.
these extraordinary. . diggings,
,but we will.
mention what we know - of our own observer
dun. The hole. Which created the- furore
is one hundred 'and ten feet deep, and com 7
menced:paying well at th irty-five feet from
the ledge. We stood `_ b y white one of: the
party in this claim washed unit some half
dozen buckets of
of
earth, : from . which
'ono piece
ten r twelve . dollars of gold,
'ona piece weighing upwards of sis.dollars
- This dirt was only; washed to throw dust in.
the eyes.of the crowd who: stood around;
the,, No:t.dirt being kept.' separate,
.11-nd_re
serVed for 'future .operations,. when "there
Omit he
: plenty of '.water. :The ruse,•-hOW
aver,did not sucaeed,, every ono seeing titre'
it
.at - once, and only-beconang. more firmly
convinced of- the vast wealth that lay hid.
den in the earthheneath their . feet . . The
Majority Of the 'elaims 'are being Worked
With a-. will,land we shall seed. know if the
whole.hill is rich, or irthlioneclahn. alone
lis to fertoneS to he nw - tiers. Another.
hole;. lower down . the : haS.-com
menced•paying at.setion feet from the stir•
face,. the owners • averring most positively
that 'get. froM it, five dollars perhuck
et:.— A' tunnel - totnpliny . has :also • been
formed, and-haie Commenced operatiOns . in
the bill; The iorlica,tinn's of-gold here, are
the same asthose';on French and Steekton
Bills.••=gaiitrocrai.C"hronicle.• .- -• •
Ti CANAI;BOAIID.--Onl.Tsrael Painter:
the senior member of the B card:retired from
office lot Tuesday, when'Gen. Setbßlnver;
was qualified and took his place: 0 , l;P,
has made an exoelient effieer, and. bears
with him in retirement the confidonce`of.
the Democracy': ;The Board now consists
of Jan A:Gamble, (President.) William'
T. Morrison: and Beth Clever. - Thai are
active, intelligent; and practical • business
men,.whn haye a deep interest in the prop.,
eiand judieiccus management of ; our public
ImprOvernentS. nod froth Whosendministra
tint) the people may confidently expect rig=
id efficiency wie stria justice; ';.::;_.
MORB GOLD ;;.•rThe Steal:Err E 1 Dorado,.
froniChadrea Juana - Ty - 411), 'arrived at New
York on'Ayltitl . riestlay, at 'afidaiglit, with tho,
4)4
Califortiht 11 to:the 160. 211 possezi
gore, sad, $l, 390,040 is 'no news
is u.pimitortso,. • :
_ 7s 7,.
California.
Weakness in IE6 Places;
In
t h- 6 - Auk oriti"'"'6 higeplorroyudl
greatness it .vvas her: children's
beastlo say in the far off !and Of the
ger !:"/.'Ont . a; Roman citizen." Dui: i n
these days it is almost heeminp
deepest. sbu.mo to say "lam an ° .dmerie sx
-The' members of emigre", are
•
playing a-silly,- wentanish game of inded s •
ion between pride and fear The poor, be.
fogeland"befoOled'adminietrati on s tu ds
by. coolly looking on, and asking 't rata!
"neat?" Congressmen and grave Senators
bluster and bl.w about Ameriean reptitli•
canistm, and when the great Man of the age
great embodiment. of;
comes tti our land ripen -a national
tiok,these petty, mousing . politicians dmit
back their outstretched band of tospitar t . - ,
ty, and first look back over their shoulders
to ice that neither the Russian tor th
Austrian minister is looking on, while they.
take breath and nourage to ask "what lin
GrundY'say Y" They are great re.
pnblicansprofided, always, that Dl,l.
ditMo has no-obfeetions._ They believe i 3
doing their, duty to a down-tinddeubrotter
nation—that is, if Chevalier Basemen is .
agreed. They feel a arm ;thrill of vet.
come to Kossuth—if • the Russian core )
will let them/ . They believe. that Anst4
has outraged every principle of twin es '
justieM—pronided, ays,. neverthelen,
that such an - opininn -will nit be elf mit,
'to the RuSsian Minister. The President,
his Ca bin cit; and . too many members et er,z.
grass. ell. have mot d' or less of this.spitit tf
servility and iedecision.
Arid why this shameful and 1614
weakness? , Do other nations when doing
an net of right. first, ask themselves ate
ilie world will say ? Did the despot s of
Europe. ev,em'tsiten they made an inhou t
feast of Poland ever ask or care what oth q
governinenbi said of them ?' Did Russia,
in her inhuman destruction of Th ep! -
first ask whether England or the ILitei
Stateswould be offended Y And if dm
tyrants have unblushingly outraged baton.
ity and right, trust we first, ask their sea.
ions for a license to do our; duty ?
: True, we should qot be indifferent tot
good o f and triendly respect o f 01 4
nations that' is a cuMideratin scot.
dary to_the question of right and duty. If
a weaker - nation fall into the bids of
thieves, and When ,despoil4d and woad
(Ivies out for us to heal its sores and Lid'
up its bruises, we !nye nosight to pass by
on the other side of mattes' highway ef
go to first ask ," what will Austria say I"
If our pOlitieal Jesuits anti Levites l as
hypocritically, by, and fear to pour oil a
wine into the • Sounds of poor, half•dai
Hungary, because Austria will be ofilndol,
there will rest a deep and, fearful resperi.
bility upon those who wmald Sooner me
the King of Austria than the King d
Heaven. Even the %horned:in Sultan,cl
-Turkey, will rise up to give testimony
judgment against such heathenism, ol
will shame the Christianity and reptill•
eattism, isf Ametica. • The sweet sarur d
Russian dinners may he pleasant to thus
whose belly is . itheir.God,i and the drill
of Austrian gold may tempt and tura nti
minds; but statesmen should be made tf
sterner stuff: ' .If men like Donglass,ll Ks .
too or Casa were in the Presidential chi
they would never stop fit ask "am I-cy
brother's keeper ?" . But they w..uld,kle
the - immortal Jackson " take the respnki•
hility" to do their duty.i Like Cats c
Paris, they would at once break
the fragile net-work of that wan and cu
erable diplomacy with which Quintrco
Alliances attempt .to entangle and foe
' the free,sPit it .of our land and age..
Douglass at Chicago, they tv,uld stew th
clamor of fanatieism and selfishnes s , ci
trust to the good right arm of Truitt is
' :the victory.—Star of the: North.
Franco.
Louis Napoleon was inangorated Prni•
d nt in Notre Dana, on.Thursclay Jtu
ry. Ist, with great pity, and installed
the Palace of t. - ..e
The Eagle is re 7 istablished on the ht•
ner of the army, on the Criss of the Leo
of Honor. •
The Consultative - Commission presentd
nn the 31srult, the result of votes fiat•
hie to the President Voters, 8,116,711
Yes. 7,439,216. No. 640,737.
The Arehibishop of Paris and theds•
gy hire presented theitH felicitations ui
gond wishes to tho President.
The report that the Pope highlic.
proves of the nnsurpation is confirmed
Louis Nap:defiles new,Constitatim
be , modeled on that of his uncle. Nes
against all representative legilativept
er.
The dead body Of Nelson W.Ctt.
na, -a. citizen Medea,,Delaware tog
whose nly;ItOrIrlIS 41isappranco was ion
ed in the &pub/lean a fen . / weeks tack
has since been foulid in the Ddawarerke
at Chester, with his hands tied behindli
back.:.....
• We have heayd, withhi the last 10 oil
flays statemeWfs treatment
rent
by Coyne, ie Cliester,-t lie night he wa slat
seen alive, which; if true, make the la 4l
it le invt guilty of an c omp hot
it any short - ot murder. 'They ore to
effect, that On that bight certain MO
BIR, having him either Moan oyster Mktg
tavern, Wetted him to drink druggedbo
eritge, until they got complete coma
him ; that- they thee stewed his heed sti
put a blister-upon it; that they reretr i
him, with enti•iteh ; and; that finally 0 4 1
tied, bite hands behind hint, turned him ittl
the : street,. ahout midnight, with
hu
towards the Delaware.
" What we have here stated, has owl°
ua from different sources, and Jr° hoe w,
'doubt
. is substantially correct. All (11
krii.itt course - been know,n - at Chester. P
yet,stringe"tp lay, neither of the plrj
thei*has dared to, expose , the erne
its perpekratori.
Cavyna was a Man of large foul% bf" i i
tuctllaye had been a drinking man, bat
la" Yew% lerl a antler and indoto
Ere.— Reeerd.
•
• , _, . _ _ .
.• , .
Tors lkiw Si OP Sreiu —Ti3 PIP!
power of - eteatu is forcibl illustrated to '
thirts,feet
eof tile exlosion 1 f
the steamer ADO,
Norman, - when p ,- tbo boilers litol
of that ch
*elOt., icreltutled to tin, disteere 010
',limp and of 1 a bout" t hilly
hundred lea and landed tin the Levee. IA
iron safe' was also pro'jScied from th e t4li '
like
in nianner.--lour,' corn,