PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE,
FILL OW-CITIZENS 07 IU3 SENATE AND Barn 07
ItzgASlWNTaTivr-a:
To express gratitude to God, in the name of the
People, for the addressi ng of the United States, la
my first duty in you. Onr thoughts next
!eyed to the death of the late President by an act of
parricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still
fresh ; it finds some solace in the consideration that
he lived to enjoy thetighest proof of its confidence
by entering on She renewed term of the Chief Magi.-
tracy, to Which he had been elected; that he brought
the civil war substantially to a close; that his loss
seas deplored In all parts the Union; and that for
eign nations have rendered 'justice to his memory.
His removal cast upon me a heavier weight of cares
than ever devolved upon any one of his predecessors.
To NMI my trust I need the support and confidence
of all who are associated with me m the various depart
ments of the Government, and the support and con
fidence of the people. Them la but one way In
which I can hope to gain their necessary aid; it is,
to state with frankness the principles which guide
my conduct, and their application to the present
state of Waits, well aware that the efficiency of my
labors will, in a great measure, depend upon your
and their undivided approbation.
The Union Of the United States of America was in
tended by its authors to last as long as the States
- themselves shall last. "The Union shall be per-
petual" are the words of the Confederation. To
form a more perfect Union" by au ordinance of the
people of the United States is the declared purpose
of the Constitution. The band of Divine Providence
was never more plainly visible in the affairs of men
than In the framing and the adopting of That instru
ment It is,laevond comparison, the 'greatest event
In American history; and Indeed is It not, of all
events of modern times, the most pregnant of con
sequences for every people of the earth? The mem
bers of the Convention which prepared it, bright
to their work the experience of the Confederation,
of their several States, and of other Republican
Governments, old and new; but they needed and
they obtained a wisdom superior to experience.
And when for its-validity it required the approval
of a people that occupied a large part of a continent
and acted separately in many distinct conveations,
what is more wonderful than that, after earnest con
tention and long discussion, all feelings and all
opinions were ultimately drawn in one way to Its
support!
Tne Constltntlon to which life was thus imparted
contains within Itself ample resources for ttseown
preservation. It has power to enforce the laws,
punish treason and Insure domestic tranquillity. In
ease of the usurpation of the Government of a State
by one man or an oligarchy, It becomes a duty of the
United States to make good the guarantee to that
State of a republican Corm of government, and so to
maintain the homogeneousness of all. Does the
lapse of time reveal defects? A simple mode of
amendment Is provided In the Constitution itself, so
that its conditions can 'Owes s be made to conform
to the requirements of adiancing civilisation. No
room is allowed even for the thought of a possihility
of its coming to an end. And these powers of self.
preservation have always been asserted in their com
plete integrity by every Chief-Magistrate—by Jef
ferson and Jackson, not. less than by Washington
and Madison. The parting advice of the Father of
his Country, while yet President, to the people of
the United States, was, that "the free Constitution,
which was the work of their hands, might he sacred
ly maintained;" and the Inaugural words of Presi
dent Jefferson held up "the preservation of the
General Government, in its constitutional vigor, as
the sheet-anchor of our peace at home and safety
abroad." The Constitution Is the work of "the
People of the United States," and it alieltild be as in
destructible an the people.
It Is not strange tint the framers of the Constitu
tion, which had no • model in the past, should not
have folly comprehended the excellence of their
own work. Fresh from a atrnegie against arbitrary
power, many patriots suffered from harrassina fears
of an absorption of the State Governments by the
General Government, anti many from a druid that
the States would break away from their orbits. But
the very greatn es s of our country should allay the
apprehensions of encroachments by the General
• Government.` The subjects that come unquestiona
bly within its jurisdiction are aro numerous that it
must ever naturally refuse to be embarrassed by
questions that lie beyond IL Were It otherwise, the
Executive would sink beneath the burden; the chan
nels of justice won'd be choked; legislation would
be obstumed by recess; so there le a grwiter tempta
tion to exercise some of the functions of the General
Government through the States than to trespass on
their rightful There. "The absolute acquiescence
in the decision of the majority " was, at the begin
ning of the century, enforced by Jefferson "as the
vital principle of republics,"- and the events of the
last four years have established—we will hope for
ever—that there lies co appeal to force.
The maintenance of the Union brings with it "the
support of the State Governinent-in all Its rights;"
but it is not one Of the rights of any Stater-Govern
ment to renounce its own place in.the Union, or to
nullify the laws of the Union. The largest liberty Is
to be maintained in the discussion of the acts of the
Federal Government ;but there is no appeal Imm
its laws, except to tbe various branches of 'hat Gov
ernment Itself, or to the people, who grant to the
members of the Legislative and of the Executive
Departments no tenure but a limited one, and in that
manner always retaint,he power of redress.
• eratignagsorthe tun
_
atttution. The latter contains the emphatic words:
"The Constitution, and the laws of the United
States which shall be made, in pursuance thereof,
and all treaties made or which shall be made under
the authority of the United States, shall be the su
preme law of the land; and the judges in every
State shall be bound thereby, anything in the con
stitution or laws , of any State to the contrary not
withstanding."
Certainly the Government of the United States is
a limited government; and so is every State govern
ment a limited government With us, this idea of
limitation spreads through every form of adminis
tration, general, State, and municipal, and rests on
the great distinguishing principle of the recognition
of the rightsof man. The ancient republics absorb
ed the individual in the State, prescribed his religion,
and controlled his activity. The American system
rtsta on the assertion of the equal rights of every
man to life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness; to
freedom pf conscience, to the culture and exercise
of all his facultiea. As a consequence, the State
Governmentis limited, as to the General Govern
ment in the interests of Union, as to the individual
citizen in the interests of freedom.
States, with proper limitation of power, are es
sential to the existence of the Constitution of the
United States. At the very commencement, when
we assumed a place among the Powers of the earth,
the Declaration of Independence was adopted by
Rtates ; eo also were the Articles of Confederation;
and when "the People of the United States" ordain
eti and established the Constitution, it was the as
sent of the States, ono by one, which gave it vitality.
In the event, too, of any amendment to the Consti
tution, the proposition of Congress needs the con
firmation of the States. Without States, one great
branch of the legislative government would be
wanting. And, if we look beyond the letter of the
Constitution to the• character of our country, its ca
pacity for comprehending within its jurisdiction a
vast continental empire to due to the system of
States. The best security for the perpetual exis
trace of the States is the " supreme authority" of
'the Constitution of the United States. The per
petuity of Constitution brings with it the perpstni
tv of the States; their mutual relation mail.s us
what we are, and in our political system their con
nection is indissoluble. The whole cannot exist
without the parts, nor the parts without the whole.
So long as the Constitution of the United States
endures, the States will endure; the destruction of
the one is the destruction of the other; the preserva
tion of the one is the preservation of the other.
I have thus explained my views of the mutual
relations of the Constitution and the States, because
they unfold the principles nn which I have sought to
solve the momentous question and overcome the
appalling difficulties that met me at the very com
mencement of my administration. it has been my
eteadhist object. to escape from the sway of one
mentary .plattiOne, and to derive a healing poliey
from the fundamental atentrockusging principles of
the Constitution.
I found the States suffering from the effects of a
civil war. Resistance to the General Government
appeared to have exhausted itself. The United
States bad recovered possession of their forts and ar
senals; and their armies were in • the occupation of
every State which had attemptedlo accede Wheth
er the le rritory within the limits of those States
should t held as conquered tezritory, under military
authority emanating from the President as the head
of the army, was She first question that presented
itself for decision.
Now, natli' Lary governments, established for an In
definite period, would have offered no security for
the &rely suplirmslon of discontent; would have di
vided the people into the varapilahers and the van
quished; and would have envenomed hatred, rather
than restated affection. Once established, no pre
else limit to their continuance was conceivable.
They would have occasioned an Incalculable and ex
hausting expense Peaceful emigration to and from
that portion of the country is one of the beat means
that can be thought of for the restoration of harmo
ny; and that emigration would have been prevented;
for what emigrant from abroad, what Industrious
cPizen at home, woad place himself willingly un
der millibar)* rule! The chief persons who would
Lave followed in the train of the army would have
been dependents on the General Government, im
men who expected profit from the miseries of their
erring fellow-citizens. The power of patronage and
rule which would have been exercised, under the
President, over a vast, and populous, and Li:Aurally
wealthy region, nee greater than, unless under ex
treme necessity, I ahould be willing to intrust to
any one man; they are such as, for myself, I could
never, sinless on occasions of great emergency, con
sent to exercise. The wilful exercise of such powers,
If continues through a period of years, would have
endangered the purity of the general administration
and the liberties of the States which remained loyal.
Besides the policy of mllitaryrule over a conquer
ed territory would have implied that the. .States
whose Inhabitants may have taken part in the Re
bel/km bad, by the act of those inhabitants, ceased
to exist. Ba tthe yue theory la, that all pretended
acts of secession were, from the beginning, null and
void. The States cannot commit treason, nor Screen
the Individual citizen who may have committed
treason, any More than they can make valid treaties
or engage in lawful commerce with any foreign
'Tower. The Slates attempting to secede placed
themselves in a condition where their vitality W as
Impaired, bat not extiuguLvbed—their buttons sus
pended, bat not deatroyed. -
Butif any State neglects or refuses to paean= its
offices, Mere Is themore need thatthe GimerzliGov
comment Should Maintain all its authority, and, as
itetnits pra4190411 PIMP UP forcbe of all ill
•
illi
Mk
' faint:ham On thle,principle I have 04 Mid have
-grsdnidlY and quietly, and by almost imperceptible
steps, sought to ristore the rightftd enexfix of the
GenerslGovetament and of the States.. To that end,
Provisional Governors have heen , appetbuted for the
States, Conventions called, Governors elected, Leg
islatures aseceetded;and Senators and Representas
Gres chosen to the Congress of the United Staters
At the same time. the Courts of the United States.
as far as could be done, have been reopened, so that
the laws of the ;United Stake' may' be enforced
through their agency. The blockade bas b een et .„
moved and the Custom-Houses re-established In
pone of entry, so that the revenue of the United
States may be collected. The PostUflice Departs
meet renews its ceaseless activity, and the General
Government is thereby enabled to communicate
promptly with Its officers and agents. The courts
bring security to persons and property; the opening
of the porta invites the restoration of industry and
commerce ; the porit-office renews the belittles of
social intercourse and of bnelneec. And is it not
happy for us all, that the restorktion of each one Of
these functions of the General , Government brings
with it a bleseing to the States over which they are
extended? Is It not a sure promise of harmony and
renewed attachment to the Union that, after all that
has happened, the return of the General Govern
ment is known only as a beneficence
I know very well that Ode policy ii attended with
some risk; that for its enemas it requires at least
the acquiescence of the States which It concerns;
that it implies an invitation to those States, by re
newing their allegiance to the Milted States, to re
some their functions as States of the Unites Rut it
is a risk that 'meet be taken ; in the choke of diffi
culties, it is the smalleet risk; and to diminish and,
if possible, to remove ell danger, I have felt It in
cumbent on me to assert one other. power of the
General Government—the power of pardon. As no
State can throw a defense over the crime of treason,
the power of pardon is exclusively veiled in the Ex
ecutive Government of the United States. In exer
cising that power, I bale taken evert ., precaution to
connect it with the etcetera recognition of the bind
ing force of the laws of the United States, and an
unqualified acknowledgm ant of the great social
change of condition in regard to Slavery which has
grown out 01 the war.
The next step which I have takep to restore the
Constitutional relations of the States, has been an
invitation to them to participate in the high office
of amending the Constitution. Every patriot must
"wish for a general amnesty at the earliest epoch
consistent with, public safety. For this great end
there is need of a concurrence of all opinions, and
the spirit of mutual conciliation. All parties in the
late terrible conflict must week together in harmo
ny. It is not too much to ask. in the name of the
whole people, that on the one sid e , the plan of res
toration sha ll in conformity with a willing
ness to cast the disorders of the pass into oblivion;
and that, on the other, the evideucefof sincerity in
the future maintenance of the Union shall he put
beyond any doubt by the ratification of the proposed
amendment to the Conetitntion, which provides for
the abolition of Slavery forever within the limits of
our country. leo long as the adoption of this
amendment is delayed, so long - will doubt and
Jealousy and uncertainty prevail.; This is the meas
ure which will efface the tad memory of the past;
this is the measure which will most certainly call
population, rosi capital, and security to those paOS
of the Union which needs them wet. Indeed, It
not too much to ask of the States, witch are now
resuming their places In the (ismily. of the Union to
give this pledge of perpetual lierilityi and peace.
Until it is done, the past, however much we may
desire it, will not be forgotten. The adoption of the
amendment reunites us beyond all power of disrup
tion It heals the wound that is imferfectly closed;
itremoves Slavery, the element wit Eh has so long
perplexed and divided the country„, it makes of us
once more a united people, renewed and streetben
ea, bound more than ever to mutual affection and
support.
The amendment to theConstitetioin being adopted,
it would remain for the States, whose powers have
been so long in abeyance, to resume their pces in
the two branches of the National Legislature, and
thereby complete the work of restoration. Here it
Is for you, fellow-citizens of the Senate, and for you,
fellow-citizens of tee House of RePresentatives, to
Judge, each of you for yourselves, Of the elections,
returns, and qualifications of your Own members.
The full assertion of the pawersr.of the General
Government requires the holding of Circuit Courts
of the United States within the districts where their
authority has been interrupted. itv'he plesent poe.
ture of public affairs, strong objeetions have been
urged to the holding of these courts lu any of the
States where the rebellion. ban evistid ; and it was
ascertained, by inquiry, that the Circuit Court
of the United States would not be held within
the District of Virginia daring the Autumn or
early Winter, nor until Congress should have "an
opportunity to consider and act on.. the whole sub
ject." To your deliberations the restoration of this
branch of, the civil authority of the 'United States is
therefore necessarily referred, with the hope that
early provision wt.l be made (or the resumption ni
all its hanctions. It is manliest that treason, most
flagrant en its character ban been committed. Per
sons who are charged/With ita commission should
have fair and imparted trials in the-higtiest civil tri.
brinals of the eountrY, in ordet that 'the Constitution
and the laws my be fully vindicated ' ; the troth clear
established and aflirtbed that treason is a crime, that
traitors should be poinished and theoffense made In
famous ; and, at the same time, that the question
411.,,1er 5..1 for e v er that
place In the Union.
The relations of the General Government towards
the four millions of inhabitants which the war has
called into freedom, have engaged my meat merlons
consideration. On the propkiety of attempting to
make the freedmen electors by the proclamation of
the Executive, I took for my counsel the Constitu
tion itself, the interpretations:of that instrument by
Its authors end their contemporaries, and recent
legislation by Congress. When, at the first move
ment towards Independence, the Congress of the
United States Instructed the severahStates to insti
tute governments of their own, they left each State
to decide for Itself the conditions (sir the enjoyment
of the elective franchise. Dating the period of the
Confederacy, there continued' to exist a very great
diversity In the qualificationq of electors in the see
eral States; and even within ait3tate. a distinction of
qualifications prevailed with recardi to the officers
who were to be chosen. The Constitution of the
United States recognizes these diversities *ben It
enjoins that, In the choice of itleM. , 66 - e of the House
of Representatives of the United States, "the
electors in each State shall Lave the qualifications
requisite for electors of the Most numerous branch
of the State Legislature " After the formation of
the Constitution, it remained,:as before, the uniform
usage for each State to enlarge the body of its rice
tors according to its own jothernent"; and, under this
system, one State after mother has proceeded to
Increase the number of its Siectora, until now uni
versal suffrage, or something very near it, is the
general rule. So fixed was this reservation of pow
er in the habits of the people,..and to unquestioned
has been the interpretation of the Constitution, that
during the civil war the late firesident never harbor
ed the purpose ..ertainly teeter avowed the purpose
—of disregarding it ; and in, the nets of Congress,
during that period, nothing tan be found which,
during the continuance of hoatilities, much leas af
ter their close, would have sanctioned any departure
by the Executive from a policy which has so uni
formly obtained. Moreover,"a COOCeE6iOII of the
elective franchise to the freedmen, by act of the
President of the United States; must have been ex
tended to all colored men, wherever found, and so
must have established a change of. suffrage -in the
Northern, Middle and Western Staten, not less than
in the Southern and -South-Western. Bach an act
would have created a new clatis of voters and would
have been an assumption of power by the President
which nothing in the Conathotion or laws of the
United States would have warranted.
On the other hand. every,. danger of conflict Is
avoided when the settlement'Of the' question Is re
ferred to the several States. They man, each for It
self, decide on the measure, and whether It is to be
adopted at once and absolutely, 'or introduced grad
ually and with conditions. In my. judgment, the
freedmen, if they show patience and manly virtues,
will sooner obtain a participation in the elective
franchise through the Stares than through the Gen
eral Government. even if it hid power to intervene_
When the tumbitsof emotions that have-been raised
by the soddenness of the social change shall have
subsided, it may prove that they will receive the
kindest usage from some of tthose on whom they
have heretofore most closely depended.
Bat while I have no douht that now, after the
clone of the war, it is not conmetent for the Gener•
al Government to extend the elective franchise in
the several States, it is equally clear that good faith
requires the security of the freedmen in their liberty'
sod their property, their right to labor, and their
right to claim toe, ust returned' their labor. I can
not too strongly urge a diatiassionate treatment of
this subject, Whitt should be carefully kept aloof
from all party strife. We must equally avoid hasty
assumptions of any natural inipossibillty for the two
races to live aide by side, in 6 state of mutual bene
fit and good Will. The experiment involves us in
no inconsistency; let us, theta, go on and make that
experiment in .good faith, and not be too easily dis
heartened. The country la ir6aeed of labor, and the
freedmen are In need of emPloyment, culture, and
protection. While their right of voluntary migra
tion and expatriation is not to be questioned, I
would not advise their forced removal and coloniz
ation. Let lad rather encourage them to tuanorahle
and TL6el ELI industry, where It may be beneficial- to
themselves and to the country ; and, Instead of has
ty anticipations of the certainty of failure, let there
be nothing wanting to the fair trial of the experi
ment The change in their Condition is the antirti•
ration of labor by contract-for the status of Slavery.
The freedman Cannot be fairly accused of tinwillhag
nem to work,;ao long as a dOnbt remains about his
freedom of choice in his ppritfits, and the certainty
of his recovering,his stipulated wages. In this the
interests of theemployer and the employed coincide.
The employer: desires in his workmen spirit and
alacrity, and these,ear be permanently secured in
no other way: And it one Ought to be able to en
force the contract, so ought the other. The public
interest will he beet promoted if the several States
willprovide adequate proteetion and remedies for
the freedmen. Until that I In some way accom
plished, there is no chanee for the advantageous use
of their labor; and the bluing of 111-success will not
rest on them.
I know that aineere phllanthrophy Is earnest fos
the Immediate tettllzation of its remotest alms; but
tune is always an elemetit lh reform. It is one of
the greatest sets on reeordl to have brought fear
millions of peopletritortn. The career of fro.
industry must' be; Uhl otiened to them ; and then
their future piosperity and 'condition must, atter
all, rest mainly on themitetrei. If they fait, iodise
Perish away, let Olathe arena that the faittlre shall
not be attributable to anYdeistal ofPuttee: In' all
that relates to the deitiny 4f theliftdmen,- we used
Ito be toe eelbullikolea %boletus; may /Or
e t
4- , = .
ENE
dents which, from a speculative point of vlew,might
raise alarm, will quietly settle themselves.
Now that Slavery is at au end or near its end, the
greatness of its evil, in thettoint of view of public
econottlY.bcoOmes more and more apparent. Slave
ry was essentially s monopoly oflattor, and as such,
locked the . states where It preitalted against the In
coming of free industry. where labor was the prop
erty - cif the capitalist, the white man was excluded
from employment, or had but the-second beat
chance of finding it ; and the foreign emigrant turn
ed away from the region where his condition would
be co precarious. With the destraction of the mo
nopoly, free labor will hasten from all parts of the
civilized world to assist In developing various and
unineasumble resources which have hitherto lain
dormant. The eight or nine States nearest the Gull
of Mexico have a toil of exuberant fertility, a cli
mate friendly to long We, and can sustain a denser
population than Is found as yet In any part of our
country. And the future influx of population to
them will be mainly from the North, or from the
most cultivated nations of Europe. True; the star
fertngs that have attended them during our late
struggle, let us look away to the future, which is
sure to be laden for them with greater prosperity
than has ever before been known. The removal
of the monopoly of slave labor is a pledge that those
regions will be peopled by a numerous and interest
ing populatlosk, which will vie with any In the
Onion in compactness, inventive genius, wealth,
and Industry.
Our Government springs from and was made for,
the people—not the people for the Govenment. To'
them it owes allegiance ; from them it must derive
Its courage, strength, and wisdom.. Sat, while the
Government is thus bound to deter to the people,
from whom It derives Its existence, it should, from
the very considerationlof its origin, be strong in Its
power of resistance to the establishment of Inequall-
Gee Monopolies, perpetulUes, and class legh3le
lion, are contrary to the genius of free government,
and ought not to be, allowed: Here, there Is no
room for favored classes or monopolies ; the princi
ple of our Government is that of equal laws and
freedom of industry. Wherever monopoly attains a
foothold, It is sure to he a source of danger, discord,
and trouble. We shall.but fulfill our duties as legis
lators by according "equal and exact Justice to O
men," special privileges to none. The Government
is subordinate to the people ; but, as the agent and
representative of the people, it must be held supe
rior to monopolies, which, In themselves, ought
never to be granted, and which, where they exist,
must be subordinate and yield to the Government
The Constitution confers on Congress the right to
regulate commerce among the several States. It is
of the first necessity, for the maintenance of the
Union, that that-commerce should be free and Imola
stringed. No State can be justified In any device to
tax the travel and transit between States. The po
sition of many States is such, that if they were al
lowed to take advantage of It for purposes of local
revenue, the commerce between States might be in•
juriously burdened, or even virtuously prohibited.—
It is heat, while the country It still young, sod
while the tendency to dangerous monottalles of this
kind is still feeble, to use the power of Congress so
as to prevent any selfish impediment to the free cir
culation of men and merchandise. A tax on travel
and merchandise, in their transit, constitute{ one of
the worst forms of monopoly, aad the evil is in
creased if coupled with a denial of the choice of
route. When the vast extent 01 our country is con
sidered, it Is plain that every obstacle to the free cir
culation of commerce between the States ought to
be sternly guarded against by appropriate legial•'
[ion, within the limits of the Constitution.
The report of the Secretary of the Interior explains
the condition of the public lands, the transactions of
the Patent Oftke and the Pension Aurelio, the man
agement of our treliall affairs, the progress made In
the construction of the Pacifie Railroad, and furn
ishes Information In reference to matters of local in
west in the District of Coltinibia. It also presents
evidence of the successful operation of the Home.
stead Act, under the provisions of which 1,150.533
acres of the public lands were entered during the
last fiscal year—more than one fourth of the whole
number of acres sold or otherwise disposed or du
ring that period. It Is estimated that the receipts
derived from this source are sufficient to corer the
expenses incident to the survey and disposal of the
lands entered under the net, and that payments in
ca-h to the extent of from 10 to 50 per cent will be
made by settlers, who mny thus at any time acquire
title before the expiration of the period at which It
would otherwise vest. The homestead policy wan
only after tone and eanv.st rtalatarvve
experience proves its .wisdom. The lands in the
bands of Industri , rus settlers. whose labor creates
wraith and contributes to the public resources, are
worth mote to the United States than If they had
been reserved as a coat ude toe future purchasers.
The lamentable events of the last four years, and
the sacrifices made by the gallant men of onr army
and navy, have swelled the records of the Pension
Bureau to an uopreeedented extent. On the 30th day
of June last, the total number of penslone - s was
St 'AK requiring for their annual pay...exclusive of
expenses, the enm of SS 0'2:3.445. The number of
applications that have been allowed since that date
will require a large increase of this amount for the
next fiscal year. The means for the payment of the
stipends clue, under existing laws, to our diaabled
soldiers and sailors, and to the families of such as
have perished - in the sera ice of the country, will no
doubt be cheerlully and promptly grunted. A emit
fell people will not hesitate to sanction any ma es
ores having for their object the relief of soldiers
• ii:a,Mtite obi Nailantn eIIsrETICE: • •
The report of the Postmaster-General presents an
encouraging exhibit of the operations of the Post-
Office Department during the year. The revenues
of the past year from the loyal States alone exceed
the maximum annual receipts from all the States
previous to the rebellion, in the sum of $5,CE38.01 :
and the annual average Increase of revenue during
the last four years, compared with the revenues of
the four years immedmtely preceding the rebellion,
was $1,533,845. The revenues of the last fiscal year
amounted to .114,556,155, and the expenditures of
$13,t394,7, flenvirmi a surplus of receipts over ex
penditures of $561,480. Progress ban been made In
ri storing the postal service in the southern States.
The views presented by the Postmaster - General
sgiinst the policy of granting subsidies to ocean mail
steamship lines upon established routes, and in fa
vor of eontlr elm; the present system, which limits
the compensation for ocean service to the postage
earnings, are recommended to the careful considera
tion of Congress.
It appears, from the report of the Secretary of the
nary, that while, at the commencement of the prea
eat year, there were in commission 530 vessels of all
classes and descriptions, armed with 3,000 guns, and
manned by 51,000 men, the number of vesvels at
present in commission is 117, with 830 guns and
12,1 men. By this prompt reduction of the naval
forces the expen s es of the Government have been
largely diminished. and a number of vessel•, pur
chased for naval purposes from the merchant ma
rine, have been returned to the peaceful pursuits of
commerce. Since the snppre'eion of active hvetiit
ties, our foreign squadrons have been me-estatillaued,
and consist of vessels much more efficient than
those employed on similar service previous to the
rebellion The suggestion fur the enlargement of th,
navy-yards, and eepecielly for the establishment of
one in fresh water fur Iron-clad vessels, is deserving
of consideration, on la also the recommendation for
a different location and more ample grounds for the
Naval Academy.
In the report of the Secretary of War, a general
summary is given of the military campaigns of 1864
and 1865, ending in the suppression of armed resist
ance to the national authority in the insurgent
States The operations of the general administra
tive Bureaus 01 the R'at' Department during the
past year are detailed, and an estimate made of the
appropriations that will be required for military pur
poses it the- (beat year commencing the 50iti day of
June, 1366. Tree national military force on the let
01 itay, 1865, numbered 1,020,516 men. It is pro
posed to reduce the military establishment to a
peace footing, comprehending 50,000 troops of all
arms, organized, an us to admit of an rnlarg•onent br
tilling up the ranks, to te2..6lef, if the circumstances of
the country should require an augmentation of the
Army. The voluoteer force has already been re
duced by the discharge from service ot over 600,000
troops, and the Department is proceeding rapidly in
the work of further reduction. The war estimates
are reduced from *516,240,131 to $3O 813.461, which
amount, in the opinion of the Department, is ade
quate for a peace establishment. The measures of
retrenchment in each Bureau and branch of the ser
vice exhisit a diligent economy worth) of commend
ation. Reletence is alto made in thc report to the
necessity of providing for a uniform military sys
tem, and to the propriety of making suitable pro•
vision for wounded and ditahled ollicers and sol
dier&
The revenue system of the country is a subject of
-vital interest to its honor and prosperity, and sho'ld
command the earnest consideration of Congress.—
The Secretary of the Treasury will lay before you a
full and dettiled report of lhe receipts and disburse
ments of the la,t year, of the first quarter of the
present fiscal year, of the probable receipts and ex
penditures for the other three quarters, and the ea.
tit:Dates for the year following the 30th of June,lBG6.
I might content myself with a reference to that re
port, in which you will find all the iuformation re
quired fur your dellherations and decision. But the
Paramount importance of the subject so presses !t
-een on my own mind, that 1 canriot but lay before
you my views of the measures which arc required
for the good character, and, 1 might almost say,
for the existence of the people. The lite of a Repub
lic lice certainly in the energy, virtue, and intelli
gence of Its chines; but it is equally true that a
good revenue system is the life of an organized Gov•
ernment. I meet yostut a time when the nation the
voluntarily burdened Itself with a debt unprecedent
ed in our annals. Vast as is its amount, it fades
away Into nothing when compared with the count
less blessings that will be conferred upon oar coun
try and upon man by the preservation or the na
tion's life. Now, on the first occasion of the meet
ing of Congress since the return of peace, it is of the
utmost importance to inaugurate a just policy,
which shall at once be put in motion, and which
shall commend itaelf to those who come after us for
its continuance. We must aim at nothing less
than the complete effacement of the financial evils
that necessarily follow a state of civil war. We
must endeavor to apply the earliest remedy to the
deranged state of the currency, and not shrink from
devising a policy, which, without being oppreative
to the people, shall immediately begin to effect a re
auction 01 the debt find , if persisted in, discharge it
fully within a defin itely fixed number of years.
Ills our drat duty to prepare hi earnest for oar re
covery front the ever-increasing evils aan irredeem
able currency, without a sudden revulsion, sad yet
without untimely procrastination. For that end,
ISO must, each In our respective positions, prepare
the way. I hold it the duty of the Executive to in•
slat upon frugality In the expenditures; and a spar
ing economy is itself agreat national resource. Of
the bankikto which authority : has been given to 1*
gusset. neared by bonds of* unilW 11111441,
=ME
may require the greatest moderation and prudence,
and the lalernest be rigidly Catered when Its Milts
are exceeded. ; We may, each one of my counsel our
active and enterprising countrymen to be: constantly
on their guard, - to liquidate debts contracted In pa
per currency, and, by conductiog• 'wildness u nearly
as possible on a system of cash payments or short
erediti e to hold themselves prepared to return to the
standard orsold And sliver. To aid our fellow-elti
ai•ns In the prudent management of their monetary
affairs, the duty devolves on tie to diminish by law
the amount of 'raper money now In circulation.—
Five years ago the bank-note circulation of the coun
try amounted to not much wore than two hundred
millions; now the circulation, bank and national, ex
coeds seven hundred millions. The simple state
-1 merit of the fact recommends more strongly than
any words of mine can do, the necessity of our re
straining ilia expansion. The gradual reduction of
the currency is the only measure that can save the
nuttiness of the country from disastrous calamities;
and this can be almost Imperceptibly accomplished
by gradually funding the national circulation In se
curities that may be made redeemable at the pleasure
of the Government.
Oar debt is doubly seenre—erst in the actual
wealth and still greater undev.tel—ti resources of
the country; and next in the character of our Insti
tutions. The moat Intelligent observers among po
litical economists have not failed to remark that the
public debt of a country Is sale In proportion as Its
people are free—that the debt of a republic is safest
of all. Our history corer - me and establishes the
theory, and is, I firmly believe, destined to give It a
still more signal Illustration. The secret of this an
perlority springs not merely from the fact that In a
republic the national obligations are dist ritintsal more
widely through eountlees numbers in all classes of
society; It has its root in the character of our laws.
Here all men contribute to the public welfare, and
bear their fair share of the public burdens. During
the war, under the impulses of patriotism, the men
of the great body of the people, without regard to
their own comparative want of wealth, thronged to
oar armies end tilled our fleets of war, and held them
selves ready to offer their lives for the public eood.
Now, In their turn, the property and income of the
country should bear their just proportion of the
burden of taxation, while In our impost system,
through means of which Increased vitality la inci
dentally imparted to all the industrial interests of
the nation, the duties should be so adjusted as to fall
most heavily on articles of luxury, leaving the ne
cesearhas of life as free frutn taxation as the absolute
wants of the Governmeut, economically administer
ed, will justify. No fa•vored class should demand
freedom trom assessment, and the taxes should he
so distributed as not to fall unduly on the poor, but
rather on the accumulated wealth or the country
We should look at the national debt just as IL Is—
, not as a national blessing, but us a heavy burden on
the industry of the country, to be discharged with
out unnecessary delay.
It is estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury
that the expenditures for the liscal year ending the
30th of June, 1&A, will ear-red the receipts $112,194,.
047. It is gmtioltor, however, to state that it la al
so estimated that there, nue for the year ending the
30th of June, 1:567. will exceed the expenditures in
the sum of $111,652 818
This amount, or so nrtch of it as may be deemed
sufficient for the purpos.t. may be applied to the re
duction of the publo.d. i,t ty huh, en the 31st day of
October, 0565, "as V 2,740 854,730. Every eduction
will diminish the total amount. of interest to be paid
and so enlarge the mew a of still further redactions,
o• util the whole shall lw itquid.tted—and this, us will
be seen from the estimate, of the Secretary of the
Treasury, may he aectan; lished by annual payments
even within a period not r-XCeediog thirty years. /
have faith that eve shall do all this nitain a reasona
ble length of time—that, as we have amazed the
world by the suppression of a civil war which was
thought to be beyond the control eat any Govern
m-eat., so shall we equally show the superiority of
our Institutions by the prompt and faithful discharge
of our national obiti:at es.. •
The Department of Agriculture, under Ins present
direction, is accomplishing much in developing and
utilizing the vast agricultural eapalilitien of the
country, and for information respecting the details
of its management reference is mode to the annual
re ina h r a t v o e f d t w h e e l
t C t s t i;
'' fl r our domeelle affairs be
cause of their transcendent Importance. Under any
Orel:m:o4.Bnm , , our great t stem of territory and ca
rick 01 climate, proili.v . i.4; 01110,4 r very ttli nu' that
la necessary for Inc wants, end even comfort, of
Matl,Mat:e lie riegnl rte Ir.detn. it , lit of the v:vt inn
policy of foreign pm. cry, ai.d protect frf ag„in a ev
cry temptation to "entangling alliances." while at
the present 11101012 ,, t the ref etatillshment of harmo
ny, isn't the ztrength 'flint conies iron] harmony, 'NM
be our beat security u stnet " nations who feel pow
er and forget ireht ' For rot self, it ha, beim and it
will he my constant airs to promote piece at LI amity
nith all toreign twli,nis 11114 foyers, a , k,t I hi., a, ev
ery reason to believe that they ail, without exception,
are aulmated by the same dl-. p osh ion Oar rein , hiLlb
with the Elli pet Or of Chinn, so recent in tn.. it origin.
are most triendly. Our commerce with his domin
ions is receiving new developerienpf--and it is very
pleasing to Ond that the Government of that great
Empire manliest* astiatsetion with our policy, and
repu,es Just contldruce In the f.,ltnee,t which mark,
our Intercourse. The nnt,rukett harmony between
the United Staten and the Ernporor of Ruexia I , re
ceking new support from au enterprl,e deetzned to
carry telezraphic lines scrota the continent of
through his dominiona, and so to connect us with
.IlAcul4Ralaut-Auat,013845,4Pci11tgE9,,,1.,P-_
receive eneouragement by a dirtot line of mall
steamships to the rising Empire of Brszti. The
distiuguishcd party of men of scisnee who have re
eently left our country to mike a scientific • xplors-
Atoll of the natural tiistory and rivers and mountain
taner-s of that region, have received tram the Em
peror that generous welcome which "at to have
been expected from his constant triend4hip for the
Celled States, and hiA well-known awl in promoting
the advancement of knowledge
- .
A hope is entertained that imr commerce with thi
rich and populous e‘rtint ries that lyord,r the Medi!
erranean Sea rimy he largely iecrenst d. Nothi:e
will be wanting cul the part of this Government t.
extend the protection of our Dag over enter
prise of our fellow eitiZ , ms. We receive from fie
rowers In that region assurances of goodwill, ant
it is worthy of Cote , Lit a Ep , ,ial cutoy b o ught
us messages of cotidonince un the death of our tat.
Chief Magistrate from the Mey of Tunis, whose rub
Includes the old dominion of Carthage, on the Alri
can coast.
Our domestic contest, now so happily ended, has
left some traces In our relations with one at least of
the great maritime Powers. The formal accordant.,
of belligerent fights to the insurgent States was us
precedented, and has nut been justitied tit the issue.
But In the systems of neutral ity pursued by the
Powers which made that concession, there was a
marked difference. The materials of war forth- in
set-gent States were turmaloal, in a great measure,
from the workshops of great Within and Bfltisli
ships, manned by British subjects. and prepared for
receiving British armaments, soiled from the ports
of Carina Britain to make war on American cote
metes, under the stool, of a commission from the
insurgent States. These ships, havieg once eacapt
Iron British Ports, ever alters:lrd entered them
in every part or the world, to refit, and so to renew
their depredations. The conseqaences of this roe
duct were most disa6trotis to the States then in re•
hellion, increasing their desolation and misery by
the prolongation of'oer civil contest. It had, more
over, the effect, to a great extent, to 'iris e the Amer
ican 11 , g from the 61,, and to transfer much of our
shipping and on r Commerce to the very Power whose
suljects had created the necessity for such a
These events took phi, tielure I was eall• d to tbe
administration of lb •(i rranent. The sincere de
sire for peace by wldeb I am nut mated led me to al -
prove the propos.d almenly made, to submit the
questiodif vraien bad thus :of, r, bet weer the esur•
tries to arbitration. These questions are of suet,
moment that they must have commanded the atti n•
lion of the great Powers, and are eu int. proven
with the peace and Interests of carry one ul them as
to have Insured an impsrtlul fleets iOll. I n'en't t.
inform you that Gnat Britain di wined the nrhitra
meat, but, on the oilier hand, in' ited us to the form
ation of a Juba commission to settle mutual claim:
between the two countries, from which those for the
depredations before mentioned should he excluded
The proposition, in that very sosatistactury form,
has been declined.
The United States did not present the tubjeet as
an impeachment of the good I,ith of a power whirl.
wan professing the most friendly dispositions, but as
Involving questions of public law, of which the set
tlement is esse-tial the peace of nation.: and, al
though pecuniary reparation to their injured citi
zens would have followed incidentally on a decision
against Great Britain, such comp-m.llou was not
their primary object. They had a higher motive,
and it was k the interests of peace and justice to
tablish important principles of international Taw.—
The correspondence will be placed before you. The
ground on which the Biltish Minister reels his justi
tleation Is, serbstantlaby, that the municipal law of a
nation, and the domestic interpretations of that law,
are the measure of Its duty as a neutral ; and I feel
bound to declare my opinion before you and before
the world, that that justincition cannot be sustain
ed before the tribunal of notions. At the tame time
I do not advise any present attempt at redress by
acts of legislation. For the future, friendship be
tween the two conatries must rest on the Muds of
mutual justice.
From the moment of the establishment of our
free Constitution, the civiiirA world has been con.
vetted by revolutions In the interests of democracy
or-of monarchy; but through all I hare revolutions
the United States Lave wisely and firmly refused to
become propegandlshi of republl=istn. It is the
only government suited to our condition: bat we
have never sought to Impute it on others ; and we
here consistently followed the advice of Washing
ton to recommend it only by the careful preserva
tion and prudent use of the blessing. During all
the intervening period the policy of European
Powers and of the United Mates has, on the whole,
been harmonious. 'Twice, Indeed, rumors of the In
vasion of some pane of America, in the Interest of
monarchy, have prevailed; twice my predecessors
have had occasion to announce the views of this na
tion in respect to such interference. On both occa
sions the remonstrance of the United States was re
spected, from a deep conviction on the part of Eu
ropean Governments, that the system of non-inter
ference end mutual abstinence Won propagandism
was the true rule for the two hemispheres. 81n.-e
those times we have advanced in wealth and power;
but we retain the tame purpose to leave the nations
of Europe to choose their own dynuetlee and form
their own systenms of government. This consistent
moderation may Justly demand a corresponding
moderation. We should regard it st, a great calami
ty to ourselves, to the cause of rood government,
and to We peace of the world, should any European
Power challenge the Aincrican people, as it were,
to the defence sa' Republicanism against foreign in
terference. We 'cannot foresee and are unwilling to
reuioler what spportahltiem might pascal them•
selves, what combinations might offer to protect
ourselves against dealenelnimical to our foredo( gov
ernment. The United States desire to act in the
future as they have,everted heretofore; they will
never be driven froM f 4
that teo but bythe agues
ticru
sion of European Powers,. dere rely,tan the Oita
door and Justice of those Powers to respect the aye-.
tem of non-interference which bu so long been
eanctinned by time; and which, by its good results,
has approved itself to both continents.
The correspondence between the United State;
and Prance In reference to questions which have hew
come subjects of discussion between the two Oov
ernments, will,,at theproper time, be laid before
Congress- „.
When, on the organizition of our Odeermnent,
under the Constitution, the President of the United
States delivered his Inaugural Address to the two
HOUSee of Conereas, he said to them, and through
them to the Country and to mankind, that "the
preservation of the sacred fire of liberty, and the
destiny of the republican model of government are
Justly considered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked
on the experiment entrusted. to the American peo
ple." And the House of Representatives answered
Washington, by the voice of Madison : "We adore
the Invisible hand which has led the American peo
ple through en many difficulties, to cherish a con
pious responsibility for the destiny of republican
liberty." More than seventy-six years have elided
'may since these words were spnkeo—the United
States have panned through severer trials than ware i
foreseen ; and now, at this new epoch In our exist
ence
as one nation, with our Union purified by sor
rows, and strengthened by conflict, and established
-by the virtue of the people, the greatness of the oc
casion Invites us once more to repent, with solemni
ty, the pledges of our fathers to Fold ourselves an
swerable to our fellow-men for the success of the
Republican form of government Experience has
proved Its efficiency In peace and In war ,• it has vin
diected its authority through dangers and afflictions,
and sodden and terrible emergencies, that would
have crushed any system that had been leas firmly
fixed in the hearts of the people. At the inaugura
tion ot Washington the foreign relations of the
country were few, and its trade was repressed by
hostile regulations; now all the civilized rations of
the globe welcome our commerce, and their govern
ments profess towards us amity. Then our country
felt its way hesitatingly along an untried path, with
. .
States so little bound together by rapid means of
communication as to be hardly known to one anoth
er, and with historic traditions extending over very
few years; now intercourse between the States is
swift-and Intimate; the experience of centuries Ire
been crowded into a few generations, and has creat
ed an Intense, Indestructible nationality. Then our
jurisdiction did not reach beyond the ineonvenlent
boundaries of the territory which had achieved In
dependence; now, throngh cessions of lands, first
colonized by Spain and France, the country has ac
quired a more complex character, and has for its
natural limits the chain of Lakes, the Gulf of Mex
ico, and on the east and went the two great oceans.
Other nations were wasted by civil wars for ages be
fore they could establish for themselves the necessa
ry degree of unity ; the latent conviction that our
forts of government in the best ever known to the
world, has enabled us to emerge from civil war
within four years, with a complete vindication of
the Constitutional authority of the General Govern•
ment, and with our local liberties and Bute institu
tions unimpaired.
The , throne.; of emigrants that crowd to one
shores are witnernes of the confidence of all peoples
in our permanence. Here is the great land of free
labor, where industry is blessed with unexampled
rewards, and the bread of the workingman fsawect
en• d by the consciousness that the eanse of the
coentry "In his own cense, bin own safety, tits own
dignity." Here every one enjoys the free use of bin
fseulties and the choice of activity as a natural right.
Herr, under the combined influence of a frnitful
soil, genial Mimes, and happy institutions, popu
lation linsinereatted fifteen-fold within a century.—
Ifere, through the easy development of bound
less resources, wealth has increased with two
fold greater rsnidity than nomhera, no that we
have become secure against the financial vicissi
tudes of other countries, and, alike in Mushiess end
in opinion, are scif-centered end truly independent.
Here more and more care is given to provide ed
ucation for every one born on oar eoll. Here mll
- released from political connection with the Civil
Government, refutes to set:teem the craft of eaten
m.m. and becomes, in its independence, the spirit
ual life of the people. Here toleration is extended
to every opinion, in the quiet certainty that truth
needs only a fair field to secure the victory. Here
the human mind worn forth unshackled in the par
suit of &eve , . to collect stores of knowledge and
acquire an ever-increasing mastery over the fordo of
nature. Here the national domain is offered and
held in millions of net crate freeholds, no that our
fellow citizens, beyond the ocenpantit of any other
t i nr f of the earth, constitute, in reality a people.—
, Here exists , the democratic lona of government and
' that form'of government, by the confession of Eu
ropean statesmen, "gives a power of which no other
form is capable, because it incorporates every man
with the State, and arouses everything that belongs
to the real,"
Where, In past history, doer a parallel exist to the
public happiness which is within the reach of the
p e ople of the United States? Where, In any part of
the globe, can institutions be found so suited to
their habit. or so entitled to their love as their own
:roc Constitution? P.very one of them, then, in
whatever part of the lend he hen his home, must
wish Its perpetuity. Who of them will not now ac
iffy-sail/al-Fay h43,14c. ;;Eo.rtls,gl Washington, that 'sec
have advanced to the character of an - in - ffepenVal.
nation, seems to have been distinguished by some
token of Providential agency ?" Who will not join
with me in the prayer, that the Invisible hand which
lafts.led us through the clouds, that Bloomed around
oar path, will so guide na onward to a pertect res
toration of fraternal affection, that we of this day
mar be able to transmit onr great inheritance, of
State Governments in all their rights, of tho General
Government in its whole constitutional vigor, to
our pnaterity, and they to their. through countless
gene,' lone ? ANDREW JOHNSON.
WASIII3.MTON, Dec. 4th, 1565.
Arte Advertiumento.
ROGERS ELY,
U. S. Licensed Auctioneer:.
WILL • te: 1 Ipuntlnsll 9 to .11 m:1. ravt .
Itrook r ..;y 4 . F.'. Dee 5,
Books ! Books !
Fi l t t THE 1101 WATS. Just early:llg. and nle
J. I YONb It Soli.
H, Ins
AUCTION SALE
THE auh•cre.er• having gold bla farm. will tell on the_premlm
one mlc awl hal trim llontere Toodgy. Dec i
at l.n o'clock. a. In the following prtgerev
*risme rood cow., 5 pearl ne helfera—antic In. 1 pair rearllog
colt, 1 C 0,13 HuLlysed'a mowing maxilla., tanraneml l l,
reel:road power dcg chnro, gain c adie, p.o.g, harrow., yokes,
cna.tta. bay. straw. potato,. ta.d many other ankles
TERN. _ell atoms nod. 616. moth 610 or ogee. nine months .
credit w: en Intennt •ndl approved gecuntv. D. D. HINDS
.110atrese. Dec. 11.13g5.-11r F ni71.31.1V, Auctioneer
DISSOLUTION.
YUEN copartberttilo heretofore misting under the tams end tl
1 of Kant it eon le itir day d rolled.: by tuattial cotirett. 'IL
to.oortz and order an In It, hillole ot A W. Kent /or settlen.ent
Toe torrin-u wilt ter ntleutO be*. W. Kent, who will =bre,
please ad who hat laver bon with hair patroLare
llr E. S. KENT. 3. Itafti.-8 w. a. W. KENT.
FOR SALE
A Farm lc t.• Llrlderweter. the . ryno'cla' Farm, In the HI I
td thou cola from uotiroee , ronteltarg lat.out 130
llacre. r t olente ottly ..aid rood timbered
rte tau er 'doom ...II more than pay f•r the piece. about,
boo. oc ',wt . trot. r. farm we,l watereo—wrlt adapted for dairy
415., • e rineir wh , tl3 edit ie •Ild with the pie., If
des. red rir tit SI
• Lye I, a Loon a ' " lot In et ontrote, ennreo truth , trrs-tmd for
faroLy Por 11t.14”. Ac . ergot. of Y. ILEYS"LI:08
Jeoutroot. or It It elf N..Ll.lnon mid larca.
Idut.trose. L.e, 11. IrGII.-4w
NEW DRUG STORE
IN DUNDAFF.
0. wEA VEIL has opened a Deus .tore 1, the Borough of
nnnd.t.t. whsru salt to tonna an estonstslt asaortmeut of ar.
tiele •In hts I nn, =melt luntga. and ctn., clunalesla,
trnsltrwr.glas.. dyes-IL. varnbh, laurettu'rrl, tlnlturaary. )ante,
t A 15,, Enod Ilquora tor rustlsclual purtsaaa, sad
nateni mealc otta ; all of which s to said clasp for cut,
Doodad, Ps, Dec 11 1865.-tf O. 0. VrEAVVE.
WOOLEN SOCKS,
NEW,
VERY CHEAP.
AND EXCELLENT QUALITY,
ALSO,
Harness and Halters,
YOU SALE AT
BATHE & BROTHERS
lloaticak December 4.1841.-4 w
WANTED,
A FIRST CLASS MILLIS. Eoqtdre ►t Unfold 11111.5 us
Ja.
quchann► rounty. P.
intw.mba 4. 184.-144 p.
frieGOODS FALLING -en
GOOD CA.I 10 r for 25 tents per yard—Detainee from IQ to 40
=Ma p.r yard. WoLien cloths. ratMee, Hood; .Tlppetr,
r au, "apt 1300 t., &e., &v. Brio[ onion , titeentockeend
we item 10 to 20 per mut. i. 2.l.rbd 6 M.M.
Nov. 20. 1645.
Envelopes.
G REAT VARII3 Y; COM,UIm; aIT rz ctbe
NGIi.AUL irz.,t.
TUE ONLY PLACE
W a rt! on ' Z ''' Va l et; run'
° tie " "11
AMA" MR. d. . OXI VW,
NOW IS THE TINE TO BUY.
,o--.
s *
HINE &' CO.,
GRANITE - BLIICK,'BINGHAMTON,.N. .V.,
HAVE ousted o:sleuths Stork of Goble berws. :July to tbie
JU. old prices before the War:
MERINOES,7
POPLINS,
SILKS,
MOHAIBS,
ALPACCAS,
REPS,
DRESS GOODS, (all kinds,)
DELAINES,
CALICOES,
SHEETINGS,
CLOTHS, (all kinds,)
WI are da'ly modal:is Lane addltlaau to our stork. atd dual
cot:alma to rell Goods &taw than any Flows to totrr .
liow Is the time to tat•. team another advance.
Ll. HINE, et CO ,
:* cowt. West. Binghamton. N T
gM" M. J... noun .111 be happy to tee hie Wen& st the
above place, and a prepaced to give ttem goad bawl=
Itlotbam•on. Decanter It, 1843.-11
3,lc)rirrytos.
MUSICAL INSTITUTE.
The First Farm of the Montrose Musical Institute
. will commence January Bth, 1806, and
continue three month...
Tin alert of this lmalluts Is to .trod Ladles and Gentlemen
an opportunitv for &Noising a thinn orb ronslatl sdneatlon In
all branches of the Selene, and panlcolar advantaces will he err:ll
ea to • neh as desire to qualify themselves los teaching.
It will oe cede , the direction Prof. J. T Gown, wasted by e
competes t corps of teachers In each derrartment.
Caen lar, Karin; terms and ordsr exercise, will he sent to any
odor , . on appllcttlon to the Pendpal n• O. TI Beamed elm,
Montrose, Fee. 4.1815. J. TII..I.uTSUM Ptimpad.
PUBLIC VENDIIE
THE nadealim.d will eller tor eel, by emetton. no the term
tately owned by him, shoo* one mlle eat of 'fitemeresNoo
Wefteadev, December Mk, 1465, e 19 °Week a, m., the fhllowbc
Twenty choice Cove 1 5 Yeulluts. 1 vile oxen. 1 rtdr four pm,
old HMI.. / pelt work Horse.. 4 Colt.. i ^t-Cart, Mem ear
o rid.. 1 Now •nd 4 Maeda, end • puma., .fi1...-•
TERMS.—ATI sums nnder ten dollar.. cah: len dollars or over,
•L'A
PUBLIC VENDUE
MITE onderrignod baying sold Ms fVm, all by Indian, on
the promises In Lathrop. on Thuordly. Verermte• 14th, 1114
1 aim o'clock m . the folln.lnr detoribt d property.
One yoke 1100.1111 Ore." I pal. of L 1,31... I npan Of Ihr, (0,
heir nod one three year. otd.) 1 brroodine Mare. 7 firma and I fat
Cme. 8 ho.d iron-ratra-oid. 4 Calve. 4 ^ode. and 1 mit one Irmr
o d Morgan. I Doody Wag,. 3 Lome. Wagons. nett Demble
Harnemoi, 10 Btorep, I Breeding Sow, 4 rittpo Been, Pion, Barrow,
Yoke., Chalon, lea:ter. 3 Bob tiled& 1 Tanning mod many
other th , ne• nunaerno.t•• mention.
.
TERMS—AII arum. under ten dollars cash dawn and all
we- , en &VII, six mouth,' credit...lth Ir.trres: and approved
etalty. Fl• e per tent direct:tat far c door.
Lathrop. Dec t. 18>6:
_
J. If 7.Y E
ROG ERS & ELY. Auctioneers.
PUBLIC V ENDUE
TTTE undersigned. Imola, sold M. farm. will will by auction. on
ht. premises in Yranktio, on Saturday, i comber lath. at ten
o' lock a.m.. the following proper,
cl •.
Cowa I Horse. 3 Pln. I Lumber Warm. 1 top Wayne, 1
mßie throkma Corngheiler, Wheel Florae rake.
Crowbar, Plow, Harrows, Ox Flees. Yokes, ChaOtt. Geo deo,.
titles Cradle. Sorting. Ornrarent Flaw. ari VIM churn,
fledgenda. Stove. and •irlorta other articles too numerous
to mention. Aleo about 35 nr 30 to. of Hay. "WO bmgali of cats,
Ott Sire.. ge.
TERlRi.—el I /LIMA ander ten 4oltara cash ; ten dollars o •
nine mouths' est-413,104 h Inter-at and approve d suavity
Frestklls. Dee. 14, leo —adtp. E. 13. Slll7ll
PUBLIC VIENDUE.
Triß undersigned will °Su far rate , ty auction , on his pumbre
ha Brooklyn. 011 Thursday, December 14th, IBM. at 10 o'clock
A. 11 , the ['Bowing property
Two w WV., 1 yearling Volt, 4 good Cows, 4 Spring Calve.. tr
Sheen. I hum Warm. 1 muket Warm. I twoborse altrgh, Wow
log Slachin, Ilorae RA, Born Cutting 13 , .. •ul` tzar
ev. part of a art of Blankteolln% Teed.. Blowe. Marrow Tenth.
Chaim. Cerwt or. Scraper. Cara. Oat, and Rye, 'SS new sap Tut,
and many other things In abort. I wish , r. eel] murything I ha..
outside the a..use The ado will be pullse, as I have told my
fans and mum clone up
TlCl‘lll4, All sums taider ten &glue:cub ten dollars or over
nine months creell, with Internet and aptrared..ecutrity.
Brooklyn, Dee 4. 18aS.—win. JAMES E. BOWE.
A JACK FOR SALE.
TO FARMERS AND LOVERS OF GOOD
PROFITABLE TEAMS
TBE rabeerther off . ..rota sell al • haysin a Spaeleb Jut, be
tiered to be the toe In the State. Ile le h.& MO. of •
rood dispo.ltion, well broken to elnrlo or double barna, it..
Cal stomsth.llllll has produced superior mules. Ha RTICU seta
old end weells Om pounds.
Residence of the anbsertb-r on the Tuscarora (Web, !f( ontles
from tie Oil Well et laasyrile. West Auburn. Postoffs•
asliPeas, Rest crty. Pa.
&palsies by mall promptly answered
JOSEPH H. ATKINS.
Bad Springhill, Dec 4, ISCL—Sm
Public Vendue !
T At ITTi e.. DE l r , t. , 9lClL.D r tl . l f, o u ffe4Ao ... r Bale,
from runteolZ.on4lie
doe, Dec 22d, at 10 o'clock, a. m ,tee todowthe pripertr :
Twelve cows, Sportier& 3 eilvm. 4 sheep. I colt I try., 1 No.,
bet wagon, 1 mark , t ',ion. 1 homy, I iingln harr.no, 2 double
hAtnere., 3 plow.. ii•rruwe eullb.si or, arul turbos forming and
dairy uterine. A lso. s gestalt) of hay and meow, and other ma
U.,t00 EllialeTol3l to mention.Tara—All rime under d. dollars, girth ; One de Ilona octet,,
tl Months medlt. with mter•it, sod appzied marl ty.
nmegoo mar, IV. 4 1643.-ier 11 . SfellitliZlE.
Pork Made Easy.
POLL BLOODED PREMIUM 0/1 ESTER ITE PlOl3
EACH of the subscribers procured from the a I ebrated breeders,
N P Boyer, A (Jo, of Ohms, county, one pair. (eat Wry)
of Mb noted breed, and are prepared to manic,. pip of this breed,
nal'r—oot ttdd.--or ; or a crone with other bac. am be
°Gamed by mb Ina on either of-the subicrlbers-
This celebrated breed thin
In Chester county, about ally
Team arm. the ugh the &moron, of wale of the brat farmers ; and
by eztennv. Impralealnu. from Europe, Jed:moue crosslog, close
breeding, end bare succeeded In fixing end per
petuating the bag breed In America.
1.. 0. TIP RENY. Thorns...
R. W. °KLATT. Cites..
=1
" WOODEN END"
BRICK BLOCK.
81111231 41 212/17113
An In receipt of the ellololtoT N TOOK of
' HOLIDAY GOODS
to WI found to
FINE BIBLES, PRA YEE - BOOKS AND HYIf247S,
FLYE GOLD PENS, cf, POCKET CUTLERY
PRO TOGRA.PHS, MOSS PICTURES,
FINE PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS,
FINE FRENCH LITHO.
GRAPHS, dc.
'ELUL .EVITIAL SLEEVE BUTTONS,
—New an bent Ital.—
.TVORY INITIAL SLEEVE MITTONS,
_New aad then,—
MASONIO JEWELRY;
—Only 'nutmeat In turn. -
—o—.
Ema7tblag eln in anal.
knatrata.lgov. V. nu 751417 n • MUM.
For Sale.
Tm r gi sr i ri k ber WIT tal - os . llo h tl e riE i AND4.o:2 , lfontrr od
N ?AVM. ladie r rlnkr. DIU
Montrose,Sow W. 1613.-11 D. BRE Meagli,
Wool! VVocol
MIME ioNterlbers would lufarm It tr tiletet sad the wine 4119.
call that tbsv are prepart4 W twos , ' Woqk to mandsoun
on abaaa 0, bl the Yird. dlao Word Carding sod ololh Dttola•
11•••1• • gwaAy le. • ' AK J. INGHAM.
Citarribra Imo 11.1161 L-11
Notice to Farmers.
GOVlnbairrer ?LAM HA RAMSES, Haltrre, Matte.
pleikokad Woo 0.3 kinds Alm Herne Marla& Bed Eden.
k.t BrrretegtHe - Head, TaTe!A &r as& et
blenimealact.l4 111664 t B. IL BATHE & Ban
MOSSES E. M. & E. A. VADAkIII
Villqets& chess tAkas.
First Door South of the Catholic Church,
W &adorable uscrthaent of Milker? Goods .111 I/ V kept coastantly on band.
8C..118 of the 10x0 011& =Ads to order at abort oaks.
IC. U. VADB
IC. A. VADAILUS.
I=
TO ME LADIES.
DOWN
{ryas want to buy a
Good Set of Miilk Furs
~. DO`WN.
DOWN. 2
DOWN
Come to Scranton,
DOWN
More au ba found a lam and dna aaportimmt of their viva ot,
tin( up and nest stauntantote, mob as Real Iflniofabla.
&mina, &bort., equtrrul. bums thrill, water
Ill* Hock tdarin, Sliver Martin. Ger
man Filen. Ituatian Fitch. and Im
itation Fitch—also
DOWN.
Children's Fancy Pure,
DOWN
DOWN
Scranton. Nov. 11, W 3-113
57 1 rA Ir r r T 711 r I 11.
DOWN
SELLING CHEAP
DOWN
lizzullmas etTlis el CLOILEJ3 MARS UP A.ND TO ORDZE
GONE
DOWN
Shawls ! Shawls !
NEW STYLES!
I=
FURS, FURS O - FURS 1
AT PAULI'S
SCRANTON HALL OF FASHION.
Scranton, Nov. Mtn, I...—tma.
CENTS►' FURKISHING NOM
Scranton Hall of ''.ashion!
teranton, Nov. lath. 1863.—tm
GENTS' FUR COLLARS !!
FUR oLovEs, FUR CAPS. BEATER, MAMA.
OTTER. AZAL, AND WATERALINS.
AT PAULI'S
Sas-mason Hall of Fashion.
Montrose. Nos. nth,
BENTS' SHAWLS, MUFFLERS A SCARFS!
HATE, CAPP, PLUM. CANES.
AND T73113311.1C.L./....A.a,
" SCRANFON HALL OF FASHION. "
Scranton, Noy 13th IBIS • fan
Sheep Farm for Sale.
S ITITAT. F^rnst Iske toannehlp,6ned. Po. P..cantathlng
acres, anon: , myroved two good dwell log Km..
es. laro B•rn4 and good anted& ac.. lee • gond orenagd...ll.aler•
Fna nclool Howe and CIMICti 11/11.t.th a abort (Ann, ce.
Fnr terms addrese L San/CH, Agent.
glontroge. P. oci n0t1.16.63.-If
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY.
T ' l, E to Pd ued h .nVe re har s
am l i ."" M ' ol h en t froonotr l.
B.R LYONS •Sre CO'S STORE
where he mill he happy to receive the ally of old friends and to
make any bomber neW nerd.
.11autrose. /soy. wt. sa.a.-ef J. B. ELLZI.STON.
DRESS GOODS! DRESS GOODS!
MBE tont onortmeot of Drum Goode In Montrose. eon•
1 analog of
PARAM.EFTAB, FRENCH HERINOB, .110., 10
Y :.0. gamma. Mao a tad lot of
CLOAKINnB, 110008,
NUMB, SONTAGB, BREAKFAST CAPES,
DAIA(OII.AL AND 11001' SKIRTS, AC., AC.
Please WI sod mambas our stools Ware purchasing elotsrberi.
AND GOODS FOR MENB WEAR.
MOlll/0110, Nov. oth. 1865. READ, WATROIIS, 6 FOSTER
R. H. HALL & CO.,
YPOR7ERtI and I Rare, are not 1 , 2 0 1,: g rad;,.F=7 ;, CIADA, and Glut
English Potteries
► Iwo lesportetton of Crockery, which they will WI by the ant.
or In less quantity. 1 hey also offer a complete most/smut of
Looking Glasses, Plated Ware, Cutlery, Lamps,
Window Shades, House Furnishing,
and Fancy Goods,
Carpets and Oil Cloths,.
sod other artleift eepertallv adapted to the
Goods Jobbed at New York Prices.
H. LI. HALL A HO.
St Conn greet, HlAshizates
Blvittlanot, N. T. Oct. 60, 18E21.—:m
NEW ARRIVAL.
azEtOoK AND RII.EII AKER WPM reeemng . Is r
01
l and 101 l assortment of all Mods of Goods from Dow Tordt.
OILs, DRUGS di MEDICINES, WALL PAPER,
WINDOW SHADES, CARRIAGE DOLTS, MART
HA DE CLOTIIII 4 :0, CRANDALL'S WOOL
' WHEELS, FLAX-WHEELS, HOOTS
or W. aro recahing New Gouda weekly, and will sell cheap
tar ready pay. ca‘h or any kind of country produce.
1. WIIICILLOCE.. ROBT. B. 15110.1111611.17/.
Ruda gum. Co. Pa, Oct. Ma.
For Sale.
A NEWan.borse 191.1gb, for plemgr w bartaige.
ktorlroue, Nov. TI. -tt
Notice
Tl,V,l°.: F b ;%lm,'Yd7NlPA,l°,.",,ll;'..i t cTur.y., m.
" Irlsnrot,!7 . v r .:6 '" ,4 ' by hlm
!t e e. 8101 U a.
Cidet. •
T ran tumidb. Oda,' by Ihe barrel or knot at Er • mlll, on ths
1 shah, Creek. toms mUra from blooms', If called for u
iessop. Noe. 27, 1130,-r[ Wu. BARU...N.
CODFISH Mackerel, Tabs, Pails, Baskets "V
N.i graeggilk Ocaim. 6 , 241/. sost /201 Naked Aga
I: ITO 00
REASIONAYSLOB.
AT PAULI'S,
CoU Cayes, Talzoaa, Cuftt,ind
F. S. PAULI ct 00.
AT PAITLI'S
AT PAULI'S.
AT PAULI'S
AT P.AULT S
T. E. PAULI, & CO
POPLINS,
11011AlitS, PLAIDS;
ALAPACAB AND DELAIKES,
SHAWLS,
FI.A N NELS,
DOMESTIC COTTONS,
CROCKERY TRADE.
TA AVE NOTICE!
FALL TRADE.
DRY GOODS,
GROCERIES, CROCKERY,
HARDWARE, IRON, NAILS, PAINTS,
AND 6110E19,
BM