E=M • - MEI ME ME cg, *READ SI H. H. ,FSA.t.ER, EDITORS. . s . Fee the intlextuknt .I:Tat/irate .. - It was the rUde barbarians of tiermany • HUMAN UNITY who - introduced this sentiment of - personat in '_ .. or I Bights, Nature, Origin, and Destiny, • to European- civilitatioti t . it. Was ; litikhottb, s • - - --•••••-es„ • ` • ammo- the - Romans, it *as unknown in the ' With respect to the old- world, Itsecannot Christ ian Church,' it was unknown lb . nearly e . ,e, (see ped the ncitiedtof the most -careless all the civilisationiof ~antlqnlty, . • .' • el l cargo' reader of history, the •general- The language of Mrs e AliSbh ii•tti the sang ou t in anterrupted migratory moverpent in a import. ' Having remarked; Vol. t e page .41, , ca lle•ris directiorsat - . hot- easterly o f .ross'the !! • hole his Bistory of- Modern 'Europe, 1" There „,S westerly breadth - eel clin e continept-of : 18-tre instance in-the history' .of World of ,„ er se hi cenneetion with and in subordine , the peasantry in' s. leaet cotintri l *hti are' ;;at to the great pritnirt; westerly migration Solely employed in the /alters or agriculture, : Iready • adverted to-eand the 'consequent emancipating . themselves . without external oelit and incessant strufgle . of ages between aid from this state ur dep_dridende on theft. su. eatiolfs and eivilizattonA - e , ohe. iso,uttrera , • peribrs. -Attached to: l thc*iit-tatigitad doWn c anaries of Europe and Asia and the hordes by the labor of cultivation; sePitrated 'film eel barbatisnt of the East wild :and 'rugged 'eatit.other; and Ihiated in' the sphere of their roe - foe s of the North: The fileti - ' indeed, is - observation ; ' ignorant. *ant Of -.ratan et p(euliar•ta that continent, it depertds tip-s a t letseeoutee,•and let destitute of the etiero sn a universal raw of Nature,. that, prior to of savage life, they hatie•eVerYst•hereremain oo and ei silty, the:, inhabitants Of colder and ed, front generation to generation,- unable to n ose sterile regions gravitate in masses to- - coeibine ageinst violence or to esetipt from , o , t el wermet .ited mote=-genial tonhttins, e o p pees „l o i e ri ft rotting rarlde this teMarh, he tee: uegreteful sells and inhespitable eh: proceeds . a ti tt le fas t e st : (page se„ , .._22l t o o b. ..,,.e. es nevai•d thdse ficheieetid More Iniuri. e s e re, that _s: s. - i et, dna i,-, of course, according to . the ' reli:- -" : i. Tile earbnflabh who overthrew .the Ro !;•s. honieplierie - situation of .the latid • and man Empire; brought - with theirs froia that . -tiller upon our .globe, Mainly from the Mirth 4sel•ts the treedoth and energy of ravage life. olliwits - is Of this great trot hu - hY ht,ittett - Amid the e;tpiiing , eitibe,ts of 'availed , instf. e s cx - Ist, traditional; mohunienial; and lin= tutions . they spread the liiithts ISt' bartinklan es:. with respect to. the aboriginal - itileibi- . independence ; on the decayed stock of ur:\ ; l ees: of this eontinent. ,' But as -hitherto • the brin liberty they inerrafted the • vigorolis iotere rscititinctit hrt,t- heels the 6rettt 1101. strocits pt,paktotal-freeeozii; • * 4k . - . - .:atre of the,oniverse; More observably, o *.' ..,* . •.: - ..if . t taeitt il In ettstpms is to ;....re. there-sin tradition, in shell - antes and. .be Unto] the sour of the lawd and institu. e ;e n :l . : lens of cot:int:lEs • a ha: Phicess, V . : --ng - tionasof modern times; in their settlements, 'els. iteeiei•tenSk Fraolie„Normandy. ' 'it' the f -'' cif 'lf;peculiar character bywhic h 1 .._ t or gin ot 0 , ' 5 - Hilt le ss• F la •1• kc . -e. )in the Ii iii ” '' 4 ' '• ' . ' i'.;:',, I t.. to e ..... ~ 5t..,. „, • the •ditterent se:drop:oi °Petiobs are #istrn eleges of the countries of the. -small s - in the. gUished. Their eonquests . :..W•era not; In fhb 'o l, tins ilefeitS'Nre erections oi !la s t triettC I enii,.a - there change ,of gevernmeot, or . the 4, tC:::getiiiSirillihiS lie Itt-hol..br&nitif.9f the I substitution of'dne. ra ce of monarchs ter ati lt e nnnoit, generalis not far from about toe. 'S othet:; fig's , a tetit itiibier;ion of the proper .ls-. fondle! of - Ifni de.-,. Withess the `old 1 tv. cusifinos, and institutions of the venqiiisa• se.:l of Britain, Who y' d i Yid nee the' island I e'd'peonle "I' ". ••••., t•- , . . r•,,lnciiit to *PSI; ?,, the radii of the cordon 1 , s his, then, this infusion of barbariao free ; lettrt . ..j.s.e"S, alotost e iroitteuous hall, ethat.l dorn, indetiendenee and -energt,.. that. has gie lesk the nortlierniimitof the " Roman 2Een• ' ento European eitillititioil it; tOpe.rl;zr eher- - 7 , re: the greatsChiuese - well, and :numeroui nOter. .These barbarians were just what . :my ~'ter sitnilar. Constructions.. ' The eviaCtice f n en would be, formed under the same influ oirtS in thCse tot Ins; but more fully ;?tad. ences. Accustomed to active exertion in a ea:ll:cit . :ly in - written 'records . .., We know; rugged country and a bracing . climate. they .S.• - •ol•history,.that the barleirimiseineessaritiv 4 " Wernmeueef robust strength. free, to the e'roseled against thAnorthern. defences of - the • fullA e.t extent. in a wild and romantic re , tion, ....i.i - re. generally Unstrecessfelly in its earl!- ..they were men of untamed spirit • they had .t. an el baser period, but at-length frequent- never known subjettion to the wi ll of anoth '... io-upting irdost With storm and contusion, ! er'a it their chief skillfully 'conducted-the HI bathe anti detest4ton, -until they pros- I 1 erations isitheir predatory ' and irregular war en.3 and :subdued- it, end finally established I tare; if he supplied theist with objects of ra- Setosel Yes upon its . ruins. The history -of I pine•tind plunder, they followed hi s e - standarcl ; ..ie ' Ellip ire- is .to 3:lCopSidenile extent the If not, or it guilty of any act ot:oppressien, tistero of the varying phases of this sirup ." his subjectshad it always in their power to ,10. SIQ Asia, too, froth the earliest historic , depart with their families and herds; and be• Ises, oe observe the same state 4 , 1 7 things; I I fore i few Hours had elapsed all trace of their :• frees theteniitittent still contienirig the ' route had dirappeto eil \ amid . the vegetation of '; : ,a: e . e ., North eternally in ... cotritnotion; th e s t e pp e s." Strong of anti.), Of a. ,wild, free, torn: , down by clans, tribes, ' and 'estiees , ' `independent, energetie e and ad ventnrous spin. ~.. .s l i ly Suet-h.- Witli respect to that eon- I . it e tliesowere, from their habits anctinaimers s ...a..., it is stiV, as'''st bas been fir ' -ages, a i (if lif e , just the men to break the torpor of an, 7:, t...• truth, • - . - • • '.. - .1 old worn-out civilization. It is commonly '•' La, from the regions of the North, • ' I said that the barbarians ruined Rome. No ; Tho rollening stccrui of battle Peat;," - - - 1:11tev saved •her ; they burst away the barriers - ilia history of the - ltritieh. dominion ie.lliisl of the Empire, and arrested the di:ray of-Ito ‘l'eet. lar , cl) , attests. -The Factories andille'clitate civilization : but for them that decay ..,1 eerninent • ate . obliged fo ins hairs, for i had been hopeless and irremediable. • ~r i feeling there, a continue! conflict -wish • e Now. by -its geog raphic situation Africa is Sis'i;orthern preesure-rocontlict which' the 'entcrely separated from this, influence and .::created natives would be totally' unable to e'ilie operation of these causes. . We mean of tiairtain,which they.neser have been ..able course,. that part of the, contine nt south of -the • ' •,,• maintain for an great length of tittle. 1-- great l e y biart Desert, inhabited by the African _ NO*, to this great age-long.fact is 'doubt- race proper. The northern part of that eon los entir e ly due tile stirring and, stormy .0,,a; to g ether .with the Western countries of ,Seascier of Ettropea n eivilizati4n, Si) graph: 1_ A'sia, bor dering e on the Black•Apd Mediterra ly drawn aloyeetty, Monsieur Guizot.— nein seas o are•nire properly incleded and sleh is eVidentlY the view which he himself are intended to be included, with refererice :Sea of it. .-o,n page 55 ,of his `t. General to the.subjects of this discussion—under the ii.o : ory of CiVilization in Modern Europe"- I terms Europe and European : their elastic,- -aitor Living !enumerated the various eles '• t e r and destinies have been—with some ex- Seers derived from other 'sources, (the church • ceptions—rather Europeanthan otherwise. :ea' empire,) he proceeds to say!, "We hive, ' Afrism proper is entirely' removed from lea only - •_ to , t 4 J ay Ihe . bitrhmrhipstteniselves, 'these geographic and. climatic influences.— ',.• m•der-to be acquainted , With thee elements Lying as she does almost wholly_ within the r•L'eli weretuniled 'and Mixedtogether in rise tropics ; her climate:is not only "• oppressive, crate Of cur civilization:: . . ..A general no- .and- her.doil rich and spontaneous, but 'they . :.:r; of the state of -society moats the. harba• I are of Caurselextrernely.undiveraified. An d' r . :nes, Such, .atneast, as ;will' enable us to iterereetgain,•the.primary consideration which iloise of. what they have contributed. tewards, !we hare endeavored to impress; -forcibly re .., , iern eieilizetion, is ail that we require.'' curs. %shit us. Except the Mere objectless - . There i 3 one ientinkent, one. in -snjrticolar, ew e r , - g ornotnadie tribeS--emigration—un enich it : is necessary to oftideritand Itefore - 'der- whatever fount ; or from Whativer MO -0 t: Call form a true picture of a barbarian , ; lives it takes - IplaCe• , always tends not to her. el- th e pleasure of personal increpoodertee - barism - 'but to civilization, and ~'- g enerally ;--the pleasiire of enjoying - , - ip fill;-force and ,etrOnsrlY soe=e-migration, rAmigration, im 'll•reelr, all his powerain-the,Various ups and I migration;" corn-Migration, inter-migration, , deans of fortune ; the:fondness for nettiqty ' whatever migratory movements - by the, et ,Sr shout labor ; for a life '"of enterprise -and feet which they. haveto cbunteraet Stagnation I.::venture. ',Such wes the-prevailing:char: 3 e. and keep life astir, by supplying a degree of 1,..r and disposition of the barbarians,; such incitement and pitbulurn to,...the - sinoral and "tie the morel wants which put these im"' material 'Man. -I3ut the dead sameness, and rtmlse masses of men into motion. •Itis C. monotony of - African scenery deprive the im.ly difficult for Ps, in the regulated.screi. last incentive to action by which men in-s • ty in which we Movi e to . form anything like rude state of nature are moved, and she con-. :I c-zr,?et idea of this feeling, and of the in- • tinues torpid and unhopeful to a degree of Carnes which it exercised upon the rinfe :.bar*" - Which-indeed. there is no. other example.— iorians of. the 4t.hand sth ceuturies. . There. yet, if we will " but - `give them their due eohow-eYer, a history -cif the Norman _eon , ' - weight, there is, in these separnteeiad.partial -ro o t oangland, written by M. Thierry, in Considerations operating through`sihe ages, yllieli the el-eiraetr , r , and._ disposition of . the sufficient potency to' sea - milt for the ( predica i :el:nu-lass are depisled with much life, and—inent io its extremes', length and breadth.— . • 'erer. - In ibis admirable `wOrk,*the Motives, IWho canstel l what the streams - of ',northern Itr inclinations and ;impulses that . stir •men - spirit and vigor might have done for-Africa 1 action in a state of life bordering -on the fled she been aceessible,to them, the cOndi ,.erere, have been-felt nod described in a tru- tion of' her .people would. 'doubtless hate eav,t evil- raatifierl... - There is nowhere else ' been ver ydl'reteut from What me .behold I , i,e found 86 correct .a, likeness. of , whet a “1 there at, present. - - • ' eseheriati wasrser of hieeourse of life. ... - I / -There isSiti . mountainous districts and up m -, • - ~ „Seethino of the, ,l same kind, but; in smy ' on a limited "kale, illustration of the ..:..aion 'ranch inferior. is found in the upv.ets gredt fact which we c ars discussing .bere..-e -'-I Ar. CixTer,io which he depicts -the- man- Says Itfie Alison—after' haying enumerated .::-is of the savnoesloof America. In these • se oceal other causes by which the rudiments - - soles, in the sentiments and social relations ..o . f. civil freedom have been preserved, among . . ss'oh the, Se savages hold in the Midst of theio i rraoltied—” The last source of freedom is to torso there ii-unquestionehlye• som ething ' i be found in the sequestered situation and in •iiit'll.4.O.:i'.c.6l.aril-pcgt)t, malls up" before. us ( dependelit habits of mountaineers. Amid tie intill':ll•4 of_ the -Ancient Germans. NO_ 1 the solitude of the Alpe, or the fastnesses of :::air these pietrireS e are are-a.-little ireag,inatiVe,"l the Itimalayaefvigor is railed . forth by the I. '.. , tle-poetical.;;• - the.;sworst , featureS .in the i necessity for exertiotr e and independeneepre lifo and tenuners'of the barbarians ire noti served by security frothinsult." And we ' e es:. in All their naked coarseness. ' I allude > 'tiorradd, by the wild and stormy grandeur .. , e_ inertly - toshe eviis which these Mariners •. of the scenery ; for the direct -moral milt. ossr.'l into. the ,sectal condition; - but to the in- ' ence is hy no means to-be oyerlopked. "The 'ond iodividualiaition of the' barbarism : oppreseors :of mankind piss. unheeding by, Limself. 'There:lS-in this passionate " desit these cradles of intrepid courage, and, at: I"r. pitsonal.. , ifideirendence- something of a traeted . by.the spoils of More opulent States, 1 • : ,'l' ''':S P r inore'-..itiaterrel character than we laave'in their nativeabscririty the - poor insd ' %ff.uld suppO l seirOinlthe Work of M. Thierry, . hardy inhabitants of .mountainous regions.— degree tegree of .hru,. t , ofhradstrong. passion, From generation to.gen \ ' - ' 'WO y• - oration , acecirdingly; , t'eteethy, whiCla t e driStatit discover in - his the same_ free turd independent habits are . Yetails e e tli this .. alloY• of. perpetuated in \the mountain tribCs of. the ,-,rl,,;stit ai and -- atipidi - 34ititiests;,- there is, if we e wor,id o and while, the vigor -of cooquer conqueror s . .. , more prefunnlgisititai - the Matter, .S(nrfes melts in the plains, as _Alpine snows under t h'ng of a_ erbltili e ,d titona.charieter id' this - the of a southern sun, . the .freedom_ l este.fuelndepaidett ttelcWhieli'seeme to deriYA; of the mountains .is preserved, like their gl't is Power fretstettioratientaiiture. .it isl th,e • Cieriein virgin purity, amid. the blasts and i , esemre ot.feelingl.ene'A - seifilnan ;still sewse . sfer,itY of,Winter,re...'k e „..-'7' .-. :. ~- ,„ ... - I:meat of pertenality• - of ,Inomti aOntentilLY, .. ,In additisna to the,stAatniilea. In - tides- - quote ',l its utittiidedi .114inkitiitieltL . : . - -.--- .--. •t' '• ht iwits(nie the.S.oot4 Highland; ==!== . , „ ...,,. .1-..,..; g 4 -,. ': :-_ ~ ' , . , 1 - t r ="‘.- . 7 ... .• .. ' , ' ' -------- _ .- ~-.,.. • •-, - . 1. - _- , 7. --,. .1 , t , 7,4r.., L 7: , q._,-i - ---q.:‘ ,4 . 7 ,, ,`"," : ',,1t;'-- . ;...q%= . - s':'" . - - f""1- , '" ' ,7. - - ' " '-',_ '' - , , - , :-7;4 : 7-,-,'* ! : : - 2 -. '.7. 1 ;' : ' ' ' "'' - ' -- ; ffZ?i - ; i - '' . " l •.•'11"` . _ ~• ' • s ~ -, 1.. •• -.. • '. • - . . , .... •• • ~ N. • e , .... ' . ' N - r • • • ) . , ... . • - • • ... , ....... f • • - " ... ... • • • . . •. if,..• •• ' '- 4‘ •••• Y-0"Q • • .. ...• •, -F . r.,i , r a :. ~,s „ , ,t' ••' .. - 72 ''. ~...:• • ' - • . 'V I • . , ,-..- .......,,.. ; .. , . . ..... .; • ..- • . l a , , ... y ii i t .0 , .....,„ i • . __ • . . •- '\ .....v - e - :-- .. It - , may , • _ .;..a; -t., . - .. , ..".. 4, ., • 5.45...,..-, • . - j , .. - • . • • , . • . - ". . _ . . ' •.i . ' . _ '•_ ' _ . ' ".• ~ - • , -.. I , . • . "FREEDOM AHD ROONIT-afgin,MT 0L i eis and the „wild IsatinanC of the lietnatt I Empire, Whid; though:inhibiting in the midst of it, were yetidtiting the whole period of ItS eniSfente hover • thefoughly subjected to its power. th!ti iiititifitalfie- htite - ,,been the • refuges of freedom in all tige.e. gut When ! 4 not unfrequclutly happens, the Mountain- . cers descend frin - their native seats-to rav ish and. etijny,die ,softer „And luxurious life helow i they, tdo; thbir-hardillOod,encl trigof melt in the- Iriciitic.st of the Valleys and plains, until, they; in,tlieir turn,lali a pfe." it an:Abet...descent, of mountain spirit and vigor, which again; nil its turn i yjelifts to another and another in perpetualsuccession :. ;fist as lip on the larger - scale, the Noithinen in the softer: and d.ic i l lter countries of the South, -grow enervated and colitintall:f. yield to suc cessive etnigrafions of their brethren. :There is an - Other *illustration of this fact uPott ti grand sf! tiliSt or; iif. least; of spine 'of its phases. and effect. Wo qiicitt agaifi fiord Mr. Alison, a 'witness who will not be sus P elted °tinny ntidtio partiality for liberalism —nii aristothf!ie, pipe] !ties indeed, ate em tirely apparent in die passage Ifself *filch* we quote—nevertheless he is compelled to eeknowledge that,— • _ `` Universalf!i; the eller spring ,of prosper ity is to he foiind in- the lower ehisses t , lt, is tlfe ascending Spiiit. and increasing. energy of tne peof,• , #l4.fli petit Within due ate t2y 'the authority pt government and th !At m:tee of the aristocracy, which both lays the foundation ofinatipnal wealth, and secures fhb: prtitress tf patioedl glory. Ash.the pro fi.lSsional man what miens:PlA the diffictiftt so generally experienced in struggling . through the world, or even in maintaining his,ground (fgainst, his , minieretis, competitors; he will immediately .anslftif t,'" 4 t, h in. the pressure from below Which occasions rill his di:Milt:7; his equals lie.an withstand; his superiors orereome ; it fis the 'efforts of his inferiee l s which are ellft.qlji fortifiable ; Those, in .general, who rise to eminence in e-l'er,i pro fession, are the sons of the middling or low er (hiders ; Men whpin poVerty has inured to litt.o4; Pr neee.ssity compelled to exertion, and who haveineqUiied, 1-!! the I.:lily f ichoel of difficulty, habits more valuable tnaii aft the gifts which ferttine hai bestowed upon _ _:heir superior s s. s. 2,, " So univeilsal is the influence of this prin ciple, so important its .. .effects upon- the prog ress and prospects of society, that it may be considered aslthe grand distinction between ancient and Modern times; all others sink into insig.nificince in comparison. The bal- ' iinct3,of power in a free country is totally al te\red in consclqueneh- of the prodigious addi tion thus made to tik. power and importance of• the :lower orders ` '; a spring of activity and vigor is provided in the humble stations of life, lh lliehl proN es a rapid remedy for al- Most every !national. _disaster except those arisingfrom their Own licentiousness." :s Yes, true it is, the chief spring of prosper- isy is to be faiind in the lower classes ; "In 1 the ascending spirit mid inercaatug eitArgy of the poor a spring of activity and vigor is in deed provided in the humble stations of life : and this " pr essure froth below" is wholly to take the pine. of that. other - great northern pressure. This regular infusion -of enuagy from the labhring classeit, is to kc instead of the infusion *f Wild barbaric passions. It is not ne \ ccAary—thanks to the, Democratic principle of government—it is no i. necessary that the eartb. should be eternally deluged with blood—ithat it should be firever a thea tre of liavocland slaughter; a sickening spec tacle of ruined and nfouldering• cities and wasted and desolated provinces, in order to prevent sociOy from collapsing. Nor is that eternal erinding together of opposing forces *so - II ireil . "ly described aboVe .by M. Guizot, the natural 4nd normal' state of society ; it is altogether, unnatural and abnormal—mere ly transitional: . Under the undisturbed op. oration of the Democratic principle, ail the. necessary Motive power, to the fullest extent, may be steadily and regularly ' supplied out of the unruffled boson - iof society, without jarring or cOmmotioti, and Without the intro duction into it of destructive barbaric _pas sions. It is not.due to the balance and con test of those forc?s c •the superiority of Euro. pean civilizStion : it is entirely owing Co* the degree of prevalence—despite their ,opposi tion-=of th'e Democratic element, from the operation of the natural _causes which have been noticed : for if we will observe it, both *in • the-genel•al and with respect to particular periods and • countries, other things - being equal,—jiist in proportion as this has con ' trolled society—has advanced or receded in its influence overit—just in that proportion •has'it beenlprosperous and progressive in in telligence, wealth, and power, or the contra-, Ty. Monsieur-Guizot says, in modern Eu rope none of these elements have been *le to masterA he-others and take sole possession of society„.but, assuredly, the Democratic element 'w 11 master the others and claim ex clusive possession throughout the world and -for all time, as is its clear and certain (lest!: ny., and its indefeasible right. • We-basic now reached -a point in our in vestieatio at which ie• may. -be prepared / e /more full , to appreciate the difference be tween Eurepean and Asiatic civilization, and the causeof the superiority of the former. I * " Girlie' red -Greeco brought in her captive arts, .. And triumphed o'er . her conqueror's hearts :" Or, as if, Is otherwise rendered, , "Thuquerell Greece aildned her conquering foe, And.taughti rude Rome the arts of piaceto know," So - Rome, toe in her , tbrn and - in her extremi ty subdued , her conquering foes,and taught the much rud i er -Northmen the arts of peace to • know. 1 - - We h4 , e noticed, some or the facts connect= ed -with the rise and progress of the Roman civilization, as it is predominantly called ; how, naturally, it diffused , itself around, the shores oflthe Mediterranean, how, naturally, 'too, the comitry around that inland sea and the communicating waters, .coalesced into one•gi-eat and magnificent system-of govern merit, adiipted to protect,, develop - , nnd cop firm that] civilization,unt it acquired strength and fichhived trophies- by. which it was able to Withstand the fearful inundation that came upon itc4hbugh it seemed' fir 'a • time to,. ,threaten its very. existence . The barbarians indeed oe,ruireltned the Empire; but in It aly; the seat and centre of Roman magnifi cence, art, and literature, the night of barba rism ivas of, rief duration-- - llite the night of an,aretie summer, the last rayii of the e-sen initidlight, had scarcely ceased to glimmer ere - the-dawn began• to be visible. .In the• provinces it was of longer continuance; hut at length these also :yielded to,the same Arf fluences iby .which -it had-been dispellediti. It aly. ,Mid- not only sootot_only eFei.the Oa}, ==ne= 3IQNTROSE, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1858. MMgle=N=lS ti of the Firn - piri fell,: had civilization acquir: ed under its beneficent protection sufficient force to " scbdne the emigrating barbarians, but was firle also to stern the tide of ,barbar ism (the only example as yet, let it be ih mind i cd_ any constderabre movement or ef fluence hot thitattl i itr it* history of the world) was able to stern the tide of barbarism to its ancient seats in the North and extirpate it there; at length it had acquired sufficient strength to4trivance northward: and fix the barbarians ti► their own soil, and never till , then did eiiilization make any permatent progress in Europe—never, at least, so as to place it beyicind the reach, of contingency, as we Pit behold it: There is now no possible danger that lump *ill - ever again -over run With barbarians or hardly eien o a tem-• poritry irruption of barbarisminto a y (part of it : bet.thistiltilli tievoi - be the se so long as the civilized *as conside ly the sinaller portion, -and continttally pt ed by the tempest nettlokrd•attd er6;twat ph an exposed and sitetideff fine of frontier. And herein—in this state of fatltt tits Conspired with_ a partially corresponding state of things in /;sit{ eb'nsistif itiaitily the difference between European and Alidtit aiviiiitition: ' There can be no doubt that tit a very efltly period a nascent civilization existed in_southein As iti, npOn its Ltnes and along its rivers, prior, it. is entirely pruhablb, W the Egyptian Civil iiatibit :,• perhaps eVeti bereft any o the' ho man ratie . itt !halt aigtiersiOn over the eatth . A i arrived upon she banks I tuffllllet hut the character of the climate nd the soil wore nil- propitious, and from this act and from the cotitparafitely nh&vorable maritime situa tion of the Wattle, they cola never be combined to a suthcieht cheat laider 'a per manent and .efficient . systent of gbloithrtietit, to 4oVet and protect the springing civilizatiott . there, WI! it 4.4asuffiticntly developed and l;:tmfirnied—had acqtfifea stifficient force lo protect itself and "subdue" the coutifiehf, as it had 'thine lb Europe—a greater force Would be' fe:liisltii frolfi the superior breadth or the continent,: And this We Polieeito to be thP difference in the two cases in its ineeptint-s -not fundamental or,genial, merely accidental - 1. -9tni the, whole of it : if it is not this, we ' are entirely tit ii !psi!' 0 knoW what it is : it cannot be any diversity at faLl'—*e have se'uu that within historic memory the inhabit ants of Europe have been mainly derived from Asia,: and probably,—a probability ' founded upon authentic monuments—are ' originally entirely so---:as much Asiatic as ! the Asiatics themselves; and there is . cer- I ttiinly in these facts sufficient efficiency to ex plain all the predicaments. -. - Every success ' ive emi g ration- of barbarians naturally be t comes s edentary in countries like those of I southern. Asia; but they all in their 'turn I yield to the enervating effect of the locality, I become incapable of defending themselves I against the more recent and more vigorou's , i lot thmen 3 /and ihna, as soon as- a little I pi-owes.. Lian brew wade In arts and civility, down comes another deluge - of , I:..nebartcm, 1 and sets everything afloat again ; and anotiP Icr and another, in perpetual series. Such I has been the course of things upon that con tinent, from immemorial time; and such, in our opinion, will continue tit be the course, 1 for sometime to cone.* The germs of civ ilization and Christianity now springing there r under the protectionisct t l , ie British Power: I necessarily depend upon he continuance of that power, unless protected from some other extrinsic source, as soon as it is broken, they will be hi almost- certain danger of being swept. away. But it s is altogether improba , ble that ,it will continue -, and whether it • does or not, in arty 'case,. -the dwellers, upon the banks pf the Ganges. and along the coasts of India, annheenervated'and mindless in habitants of her soft and sunny plains, will be poor instruments with which to effect the civilization of a great continent; nor do we believe it ever will' tar effected by their means. No, the day4ring 1011 not arise upon that continent ftom the south, but from the nciith.. Tartary is the country in which to begin the work of civilizing and Christian izing it. Whatever sentiments take hold up on that region will pass naturally and spon taneously into the very structure .of Asiatic society. Front which general review,, and from the advancing civilization and, increas- . In-* importance mid influence of the Russian • i'mpire, and especially its crescent condition eastwaidly, it, is not difficult to see that that Power holds the key to the future destinies of Asia ; at least the immediately future : the fatal-period of the English dominion in the east to'onr view evidently approaches ; and the catastrophe wi 1 come, not in any na tive rebellion—except perhaps concurrently —but in the tempests of the north, controlled and direttedkhy Viflropean genius and skill.f There remains yet to be noticed the .prin cipal and final point in this argument. We refer to the influence of the Christian . Relig ion. ' At first view, it rnay_appar surprising to some that such a topic should.be intrciduc ed into this discussion ; but it forms•kle,glas mate and important. part of the argument:— , Christianity his§ never been. preached to , the k nations of-Africa, or of Asia proper. They have bad the proffer of it and its,,incal culable blessings; for how shallzthey believe who have not heard, anithow shall they hear without tt preacher I -1-le who disposeth, the affairs of our earth after the counsel of his own will, working out his stupendous pur- Joses in the slow revolutions of Ages, has seen fit, in the revelatibli of Himself to our race, and in the diffusion of that' Revelation among the children Of men, to cdtrunit the work to earthern vessels—to make use of And herein, too, in these successive conquests, we apprehend may be tracerithe origin of the institu tion of,easto in the east. A sort of analogue to the" -manner in which - it originated there may perhaps be seen in Mr. Alison!,B view of the Norman conquest in England and its effects upon the elasse.s and state of soelety'there. - "f Wemay remark hem to better advantage some thing of dm manner in which moral effects are de signed and - securedin the pMeral, geodetic plan of the Universe. flow, by the variety of land and wa ter, of lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans, of mountains, valleys, and savannahs, of gencrOus and sterile sods, of heat and cold, by, elevation and depression. : rind by general belts of-elimatc r im -- ~ Slc.,how by these varieties the race was secured against the danger of, a continued wild roving and stormy barbarism on the one hand, and a hopeless stagnatinn'.and stupor Ou the - Other. By these means; varying characteristics and habitudes, tastes, dispositions, suiceptibilitiesi and capacities are produced to a limited extent, tend ing greatly to the general advantage and improve mento a limited extent: The intluenees are only moderately variant to what they Might. be at least adapted to prod:Mr) diversities only to a limited de, gree care be taken apparently to pteventthe to tal loss of the idea .or_rather the stifling of the In stint (for sneh'Undonbtedly,is) of a general unity _of nature and de#y - rind an vitt:linty. of rights . Utah would clearly tie of - the . Mast: ,o,!tlttAlclive and fatal etmeetiuettee. , - MMNMSMMIMMEEI WEERV LRED V7P0R10.99 human agencies and instrumentalities and the operation 5f natural (muses: and'of course we might elipect that those agencies and lin strementalities would be established at the point upon our earth most favorible tip their efficiency and success, by the concurrin op". , oration of those causes—just' where, .in eed, they Were established, that Is, upon the Med iterrimean, the very spot; of,all places upon the earth, from which, in the nature of things t a ~system ~of moral • means and influences would be most likely:to propagate and dif fuse itself, indeed, probably the anly-locality from which, funnaaly, it could be diffused over our world at all.. Does any one' sup pose that that vine which was •brought out of the laud of Egypt and planted there upon the shores of the Mediterranean, would have earl struck root amid' the snows ofSiberin or the blasts,of &Davie upon the argent plains of Ali' , or-even the southern coast of Asia I Mimi speaking, it was impossible, in the primitive ego of the world. As yet, there fore, from the nature of the case, those agen cies and instrumentalities have necessarily diffused themselves and their influence, al ' most eitelasively over Europe, tend the Euro pean race. ' When the pale was brok en down, Christianity spread itself around the shores of 'the Mediterranean, and over the ninnedlately eecessible. parts, ,by the same means and influences by which civilize , ton had been before originated and diffused' , : thetei and the stay was farther prepared for 4t by that elvi dim: civilization always- VilleA fe tta efitistianiza on. -In the fullness of, ime, the light which d burned dimly upon i t 4 -. :the alone altar of , Ju ea, is seen to a her 'new brilliancy, beg' sto penetrate th wall .of fieetheoish dark e which had su_ound- 1 ed it, rind pours, at length, its rising splen dors ott the gentile world. lint mark,. it .blazed ,along the track which filature and pm :gan science and literature had prepared fur ;it, and-has consequently become the almost , exclueite lefferitance of Europeans, up to the , present hour : this free one blessing prepar ed the way for another and another until we aft mtalted to Heaven in point of, privilege : and' ender eutli circumstances, does it be come ui to taunt the iltforttmate , Africans with their inferiority—u who hate not only been ),( 1 , lie especially favored children of l'ia. tufo; ..3 of fortune but " whose souls have bee lighted 4'E l i vfisdon'i froth on high," up. or. whose pathway- the tfltiesed 'Agin of Heaven has shined for-ages, and that from no merit of our own—they yield to us not ' in merit, simply in fortune—does .it become 1 us thus to taunt them who have been denied , that Light with their inferiority I Isn't there something exquisitely mean/in the,casel We, have denied them the Lamp of Life gracious ly and out of mere grace vouchsafed unto us —for ages for the foulest purposes of greed we have stirred them to bitter -feud/ among themselves—we have made them the subjects of the most odious and grinding oppression— in addition tcr the effect of their' unfortunate . stiliationTurther—stupefyieg and imbeuting them and therts—navies Feet naed our supe rior advantages to degrade and debtise them -then taunt them with that baseness which is really more our own. Isn't there some thing essentially- and intensely mean in ' it— adding the bitterest in 's ult to the grossest in jury. We ought at least first to give them an opportunity to demonstrate themselves before/making them a prey : rowdy pugilist pot-house honor would concede as much as tbi's " Oh ! Africa, Africa, ill-faykthilloppy ,region how long shall thy savage inhabitants have reason . to imprecate the ven nee of ' Heaven upon civilized man." ' For ustice's and Humanity's sake give one.poor cen tury of prObation, cal your hounds, 'say to the God-hated sla xi-trader " hands -oil; and in . a manner that he shalt • understand that you mean it V hands off"—put men at the helm of Government who are not in leiigue with hiffi. Send out the Light of de. ilization and Religion arid if at.the end of the fifst century She progresses well through Her hornbook give Her another century and if She don't happily, disapppoint the, hopes of your philanthropy then I ern no seer:, These would be works meet for repentance and in -stead of pluming ourselves upon our superi ority we ought immediately to-repent us in - dust artd ashes of our abominations and take unspeakable _shame and confusion to our selves that our superioritY is not far more decided and emphatic than it is. It never again shall be said,thaVehe EurOpean race is superior 'to any other, no never. _ We Merely notice this topic—only with ref erence to the fact of exclusiveness—we dori l t propose to argue it: it is unnecessary to - those whom we have-chiefly in view, as our remarks, hace assumed, and besides would be impracticable to us from it's difficulty and - . extent : any formal attempt would far ex ceed our limits and our ability. We. -don't 'propose to argue the. point; but we..may.ob serve, in dismissing i;,, that to the Church we are entirely indebted for the idea:of Repre sentative Government. At the time of the general and final irruption of barbarism into. the Empire, an extensive and Welt_ settled Representative System had been •formed • in tke Church, and this...the barbarians copied into thew civil pplity, without which proba bly' no general scheme of 'representative or, Republican government would have existed in the. world to the present day. -Represent , ation, in 'any general sense; was unknown in the Republics of antiquity, :and might have continued so but - for this example. . They were mere-inumeilmlities7-without this idea, could be nothing else., f; • . Thus we have passed rapidly and cursori ly over some of,the leading topics, of this very extensive subject, so fur as it fell within theitinits of :our design to consider it. - We purposely omit the ..directconsideration of the argument from Scripture, for the reason that we have supposed its authority would be of little avail with the -advocates o f the new theory,snd fur the further reason tha to those who do admit the , : authority of Reve lation it , seems entfrely s supererogatory, If any-of the new Lights pretend „to.reconcile their theory . with the Bible, we are ignorant of their argunieuts ; and hoW any sephiatria, any wresting*, or perversions, can make it appear so as to mislead any believer is rev elation-t—that the human family were not one in Adam and one again in Noah, it is not, ea sy fur, us to conceive. . • • We have taken a rapid and cursory sur vey of some of thelacts connected with the subject ;. and now, upon the general , estimate and review, we submit, Aloes there _seem to .6e—independent , of the aythority. of scrip ture, and urn gum collateral frouitdool w 57.2 MEP - 14% titA:4lgai,.PUßi;*l4Ell , 4;, , •714 . 0. 44. sufficient or probable . reason for rejecting the• commonly received doctrine of the '.unity of the racel . Difficulties there'are, no doubt _; we do not _pretend, nobody pretends,' the subject is free from diffiedlties; we do not pretend to be able to trace the gradnal ad progressive changes from the original-type: , one-half the subject lies entirely. > beyond . the pen of history :the arginbent,..of course„ . is entirely pres' umptive., But r epon the whole,' 40 not-the presumptions strongly kreponder-'I ate to one side of the_question ? t ' '' Fluctuation,_ vicissitude, mutation, are the .I inevitable course of all 'things human ; ,but the means and influences it is often Very dif ficult fully to comprehend, even upon: 'a lim. ited scale. It. is a 'common observation of history 'that nations Lind' communities 'Nisi lively, known to have Sprung from one soufee, and in one age of very similar inanier.Tichar aeter, pursuits, habits,,and conditiom'and op; parebtly living under similar influences, in the next age become strikingly diverse; or perhaps in the one period of disiniilar char acteristies,,and_in the next those disimilari ties. mutually and entirely reversed. The people off' Spain and England are :confessed- ly principally of one origin ; the climates are but slightly diverse, comparatively, 'and the soil and productions. "They are both maritime countries. They had very -similar systems and-ins'itutions of government, and one religion ; and yet three or four hundred. years age, Spain was the leading power' in Europe, nd England only, a second or' third rate po r; the people of the former coun try e ery moral and material. respect su perior to the. people of the latter. To-day, England is the leading power, and Spain has become comparatively a cipher ib the bal ance of Europe. The one people ,have sunk almost to the abjectness of slaves ; the other have risen nearly to the dignity of Repebli can freemen. But to trace the elemats and influences which have passed into the/re - alt, 'to 'measure, estimate, and discriminate beta and the mode and process of their / op ration, would be nn undertaking worthy f the gen ius and the pen of a. Robertson tfr a MliCati lay ; and when we come t.cerilarge the view, to comprehend all nation's and race r s, and all hgeS, thus multiplyinglhe elements a than sand fold, and vaetli diversifying' the force of the influences, the/difficulties of the subjeCt must be immensely augmented. But 'how strong is the,presumption arising . thence. - It must be-admitted, it would seem—upon the principle/that the, best evidence in the ease rules _le—sthat existing varieties might have beep' thus produced—thatohe causes are ca pable of producing them, and that they have produced them. , History, . reason, science, nature, 'philology, archaiology, upon a com prehensive survey, and so far as they atibrd• any light upon the subject, seem to conspire to this result; and in the complete evolution of the argument, the: combined effect, the fines marched upon all these lines, we are peisruaded, - most amount. to an irresistible presumption, and cannot be as absolute cumulative independent demonstra tion. .W. presume., therefore, that few will , .be disposed to discard the old ooetnee tar 0... Adamic and - Noachian unity, to adopt a gra tuitous hypothesis, for the accommodation of tyrants, aristocrats. and the slaveholding gen.: - try ; for it is mainly in the interest of slav- . ery that this effort to break the huniae. race into elanships, from, its source, is made. The pretence is the mean and miserable 'subter fuge behind which the monater'seeks to hide his grisly front ; and tie success of it would witness a dark day for the world, and for the hopes of human progress: it , would be a long stride backwards toward Oarbaristn.-,_ Tyrants and oppressdrs have been: but too successful in playing off, for the advancement I of their own purposes, the passinns of men against each other—in persuading the. easy simplicity of the multitudes that the inhabit: anis upon the Other side of the mountains, the river, or of an 'imaginary line, are their natural and implacable' enemies ; and the multitude helve ever been too ready to net upon their interested 'suggestions' and incite ments, and to confound' the ideas of alien, stranger, iindcnemy. And if once 'the no Lion of au original and constitutionaldiversi ty of race obtain4 i the mischief is. aggravated a hundred ' fold. Moreciver, , it would im mensely Mercer the virulence of the old ar istocratic venti. Of all the ft rms of aril-' j toerney, that whieh - takeson the character of caste, is the most baleful and . disiistreus.- But we have no fears of its succeeding._ It istoo late: Christian charity, aided ,by -the great modern inventions of ateam-n.avigation, railroads and telegraphs, is fast uniting, and most assuredly willotiite, in the - Wilds of a -universal brotherhood, all the tribes, penpis nations, kindreds, and tongues of - the" human ' family—sprung = from a- common parentage, they are evidently . appointedto one destiny. Our argument is ended ; but we ' cannot forhearsremarking, in conclusiono fact which has pressed itself upon our attentiof at , eve- ry step of this investigation—we _Mein the influence of slavery upon the nationa and' .civilizations of _antiquity. - It was the ruin of 'them all; at least, the :proximate cause -of their ruin. Carthage, Phenecia,Athens,Spar ta, the Grecian States all; and, finally, of Im perial Rome.- Sigh Dr.. Taylor_ "The demoralizing influence of slaverii On .the overseers \ and - masteri - of slaves has been alreadY noticed. - Isaiah dwells -strongly on. the: profligacy and licentiousneati of the Tyri ans, comparing their city to a harlot; indeed slavery everywhere roams a striking cor ruption of morals, and more eapeeially sup dplei;ftivnieetynotilvesy o t u o th t . he_ s e i a a r v ly ery an is d twice p . rerna cu tn r r s e . ed; "it curses him that yields, and him that rules," and the ,degradation of the ruler. is both the more deep rind the more permanent. Among the . Tyrians slavery was ,earrieds to the worst excess, and it provoked.bnaef the most fearfurretributions recorded in history.- ! lnstin informs us that . the slaves in _Tyre •farrned a conspiracy against their. masters, murdered them all in one night; ';married . their Mistresses, and slew ell mates • that•did not belong to their race. "Nat:His. Socie tv " vol II Ii 66. And again, ; , • : ' "The 'invasion of Atari° find Attila were. , g in rea ita tl i y y. fac Th ilitti e r eas -Vh rec e i r n u n it Litu t d h e ei. o r f a s4ay i e es i from'a population, so Justly disaffeeted4 no less than forty thousand slaves .once,-joined Alarie in a body; and they beeiime the s most desperate end - sanguinary portion . of his^.4r my. A slaveholding country . must ever'be at the mercy. of invaders; .it would be a fearful •contemplations to speculate On- the consequences of the Royal Alrietai corps,.or a brigade of- the - West - India regiments ef fecting a landing in the tikottttetre %Ace 4;lf ,~; :. .. .Amerieir." ~.; " Nat. 133." - .... •'' - - :Such as to the resin themeidentsithe pivotal -was 'the ifOry- ofthel the ancient World,"' eit in -Owes of time ber of - thrills whcii enjt. As heed. , while we ma; 'that