ES
II
II
II
I
I
t.,
F."READ - & H. H: FRAZIER, .ElDiloßs.
TRII STILE Or czatrDLAgp:
li CFIAiIXi NACICAT
When I wasa dweller Ip,dlondliod;:
I dwelt in a rich ands pond land;
I wit lord orate clime;
Wits Ong ot-lbe time;
,And the sun and the shover,
IftMlesf and the dower;
All (lune at . n 7 bidding in Ciendisnd.
Wm u onarch supreme fa my Cloodland;
I mu "metal' fate in that prowl Mml; ,
I woild not enduie •
That a grief without ewe,
AJore that could end,
Dr 1 - fatte-leirted friend,-
Should - dwell Mt ii instant In Clondland.
Ify aondlanO, my beautiful Cloud land;
I made there speat and a proud land ;
With skies erer Night,
tart ever light; '
Neither sow nor sin
Read &harbor within,
lad love was the lett: of my Cloudiaad.
But, ills for mishit and my proud land!
Mere (=re revolution in Cloudland ;
My people, untrue,
Broke my sceptre in two,
And, Mee to their vow, '
. Took' my erown'from my brow,
And banished me far, from my Cloudland. ,
. .
lty
Midland, my;beautiful Cloudland, •
Bow haPPY was I in that proud laud!
And the wisdom rye won, • •
Sine" my realm was undone, •
la but
_Poor to re fay
Whit Ih:rain the day '
When I tutn'd my last look upon Cloudland.
0, Te thoughts and ye feelinp ot Clow:timid!
Ye died when . 1 quitted that proud land !.
I wander discrowied = ,
On a bow chilly pound ;
Atl.estl6 %rime,
Wiary, weary-, and worn,
Never more to revhdt my Cloudland.
For the Republican.
COON , SCHOOLS.
14201, Feb. 23, 1857.
• The report of the State Superintendent of Common
Schools IS befOre me; and to me there is no surer
index to our intelligence ‘ and goal common. sense
than thiosame report, made up as it is of the reports
-atkiseietni County Superintendents. It is a map
cease**. There are the broad, rich bottoms, the
fertile optandi the rugged mountains; and the arid
plainsorith no streams and no vegetation In-other
words, therettre the districts where intelligent and
hightninded men employ - good teachers, and ray
them for their labor;
_there are the districts where
they are Oiling 'dell, _but 'Ought to do better; there
.are the districts where they. are just beginning to
learn that children need more education than they
give their oten - and - hories ; and there are,tle dis
tricts where few if any live who ever dreamed that
man is more than any other animal.
Now, goad pe ople of Susquelsktuus county, .could
not the arms and town lots of each and every one of
'MAlZiaCrealed ra • UlireNi . ttliale:WWWW.j
above their present value, if there was, convenient to
each and every ono of you, a good district school;
kept opqn at least eight months in the year, taught
-by a competent teacher who makes teaching a busi
ness and therefore has : inore interest in his business
than one whO.only follows it whets he or she can get
nothing else to do ? Yon yourselves know that your
schools are not half as well taught by teachers who
make teaching a sort of make-weight, as *ley -would
-be by persons who are trained to reachingand intend
to make that the business of their lives. Fifteen
lan Per Month is a greater price to pay a transitory,
`tsalf-quelified towhee than thirty is to a well qua lifi ed
professional teacher ; and yet your County Superiri
tentlanti'l annual report yon have paid your male
teacher an average 4416,59, and yom female teach
ers an average of $7,77,.ind what is worse than that,
only kept" your schools open five months in the
- year 1856:, '
Let its Contrast this (smutty with Lancaster county ;
there tittle teacher& received, the avenge of V 28,22,
and fettle teachers the average 402,22, per month,
_ _
an schools were keptopeneli months in the year
(not bill elsougktry four months). It is not 'abso
lutely ;certain that they ~get any better schools in
oaf *tie, but they .aremuch more likely to. Their
Euperint reports scene profeasional cer
tifiestes given, . And the county which can boast of 1
ninetyi men, well qualified, whO are to devote their,
prat te the cause of education, has got a 'fair start
toward that ideal bliss when every schtiol diStrid shall
have si teacher whim* bead and heart are in the work
far s life-battle.
l air, merof Busquelauma County, how are we go-,
ing to get such teaebeza? If man supposes,
paying fifteen dollars per , month for five months in
the year, he has only tone Wench means have. done
any thing toward it in years past lam bold to say
that 525 per month and tea menthe in the year are
less tkanere.ougkttopay such teachers as we need.
Bnt I hear an hundred and fifty of you say, "where
is all the mcmertio.Come from?" If I didn't know
red Man, of yoia have lived a good while without
learning that• your aims and daughters are better off,
infinkely better offp with five hundred days worth
Of the right hind of education in their headed= with
a thousand dollars in their pockets, and no education,
I would tell you. ;But Ila tell you, you are better
Welt° pay youS.!tchisof telieltere 'thirty dollars per
mouth, than your paters were to pay theirs eigitt.
'bear aiesji ectinplain that the panty BupesitS
*what "dotrt dd any good." 4felieve he Is a good
=min, for the `irtirit; , aid got a heart in it; and if the
lisopb gene rally . would tty to help him, they would
aro° lib that Isla fakirs ire pteduetive or much good.
• /Ilia.; talk-mg, ai► like guns of, a seventy-four tied
tolli Cost tail ;- they hinder *dead ofbelp.
,j 110901054 the neat year's report la tella better
teary for the *singer° of the people of ailusitiet
G. C. L.
Likusstramat-,-Amw Buazip.L.—The
New York correspondent of the'Boston Tram
'script asysl-1'
"You wills relieved and glad : to know
Shat Dr.-111:has -bevercalled Grp itra cir
cle in this city, under the dhitetinnpf one of
the mostdisthrgnished, media, and 4igtinptly
pronotnicea "that be icy',
-trinieered by' Eckel and Mrs. Cundingfun.
Sayiiithey,Amw* handkeiv:hief over his
foie and killed hip] ivith a -diger,"
A giflon-ttowis AROVIONT,A 'boy - w
'naught' in - Oa act, of ideating dried fieniee'
'front at tamoie the other day,inae Indeed
vile s di* aosei by the g rocer: - He eiirit-.
minced begging' most pathetically tobe re
leased'
.; and, after u all*, persuasion that
id a
! jms imai'matitsfeould invent, pr o posed,
°Bldg!, yooll let me ink and mend for my
"44y, *II for. the berriel'amt lick
mebesit,r The ;appeal was too much for
- the stormil man to stand out agtOnst. .
INand—Mben tired, and yourpstience is
wan gottidetiq Oman then—X . dun
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iirroxiATonr FOR Eimmasts
°Mei KAMA COle,
CHICAGO, February 16, 1857.
iAtTa generql•meeting-of the
‘ National Za
n held in. New York
City, Prof. E. Daniels ; was elected Alient of
Emigrielon;lind ein - potvered make the nee:-
esiary aniingCnientik'on teliall of tbe(COin-'
mittee, fin 'facilitating the iErnigmtion • from'
tho Freo,States:tqKartsas ; 'XerritorY. for the:
entaiinit season, Prof. D. 4 Geolokist by
profespion and'hns spent consjderible time in
various parts of the Territory,- . .for the . pin
pOse• of ascertaining" its Olysieal 'resources
and condition. The intormation -Irbich he
may from timeto thne before the pub
lic, can be regarded - by i thosb who design to
make Kansas their future' homes, and by the
friends of Free Kansas generally; 'authen
tic and reliable. We • espeCially commend
attention to the accompanying Circular. ,
it B. IIUBD, Seq. Nat Kan. Cont.
The Territory'of Kansas extends frqm 37th
to 40th deg. north latitude, and from .the
state line of Missouri . _ 800 wiles westward,
,embracing . an ares'of 112,000 square miles.
It lies in the :time beltasnorthern Kenfucky
and:Virg,inia, and southern Indiana and 1111.
The description which follows applies to the
eastern portion of the Territory extending
200, miles west from the *astern boundary.
It is the portion Which is now open -for set
tlement
1110RWAC.Z, SCIMEAr t " •
The - surface ofihe enuntry rises from the
deep valleys of the streams by kseries of
steps or terraces,- strtetches' away in smooth
slopes and culminates:in' gently undulating
up-lands about `9OO. feet above the sea. " Be
tween, each terrace are:intervals,- often sever
al. miles in breadth, smooth,* if leveled by
the roller, but inclined toward the, valleys..
Near
.the large streams ! the land is som etiin es
broken, but leaVing's the lomediate. banks
there is scarcely- an,acre voif land .where the
surface is incapable of cultivation. it is one
unbroken stretch Ofarable land, with a drain
age so perfect that not .a pond or swamp_ ex
ists over its Whole extent.
The Scenery, though less varied than in
rugged and mountainous districts, is exceed
ingly picturesque and beautiful;the swelling
surface (if the prairie dotted with Island'
gioves • -lofty . table lands Overlooking great
rivers- Lelted 'with luxuriant forests, green
flowery. plains and vales of quiet.beauty
.wal
led in by the eternal battlements of nature ;
liluffs.snd hills - lifting their bold graceftil out
lines 'against the sky, everywhere delight this
GEOLOGY.
The rocks of this district_ consists of lime
stow s,..sandstones,clay, dr,c., belonging to the
coal formation ; they arc usually horizontal
or but slightly inclined, and can be cheaply_
quarried onmearly every hillside, furnishing
excellent su;ne fitr building or lime.bnrning.
Scarcely a square mile can be found- where
they do not come: to the
. surface ; the 4 - )eds
alternate with each other so that sand, lime
and good clay fur brick can be pructirefral
most everywhere., .
,
Coal is also very geaerally distributed ;• it
is a soft, free-burning bituminous' coal, gen
erallY quite free from' sulphur and already
used extensively byblacksmiths. - The seams
thus far opened nowhere exceed three feet in
thickness, but are sufficient to furnish fuel to
the population for centuries. Iron occurs in
several localitiei ; saline springs occur on the
upper tributaries of the Kansas, and also . er.-
temsive deposits of gypsum. . , -
The soil of Kansas is equatto the best soils
of Illinois and lowa ; ,is quite uniform in
composition, every where preserving the char
acter of a rich heavy. loam. ,
The first terrace above the Avers
_is cov
ered with an alluvialsoil often 4 to 6 feet in
depth. The higher tea races and riplaeds have
the Common prairie soil, of the welt ft, he sub
soil is usually a stiff Clay, in some
mixed gravel.! Patches of sandy soil occur,
but they are rare ;", lime is everywhere a
protninent ingredient of the soil.
WAME, HTILIAMS:AC.
The principal atrearns tire,' the - Missouri
river, which 1.4 the boundary lute. for ~about
100 miles, from liebra-41M to the mouth of
the Kansas, and the Kan-as, which with
its
tributaries waters the northern portion of the
Territory ; the Ot4tge.,Neoshe and Arkansas
which water the south, The Kansas river is
navigable for small boats eight months in the
year. Small streams are crossed every feir
miles, which carry 'off and distribtite the sue
-plus waters; they are clear except the
flood season and furnish everywhere abund
ant and excellent water for stock. - - Many ,of
them dry up partially in summer,' but still
furnish pools of clear wester in the deeper ,gor
tions of, their channels.' .Wells can be obtained\
by digging from 12 to 40 feet, even upon, the'
,highest lands, The Wiwi is always hard,but
sweet and excellent.
Water-powers are =found upon , many of
the streams,, but are not frequent.
_The oal,
however, will furni•di a cheap motive power.
CLIMATE.: ;_ •
The di mate or Kaassur is, somewhat differ
ent from that of. the, same latitude further.
east. !Its distance from the oceiti c, gives us
here the parely continetital - Its at
mospherels remarkably pure and dry. •The
emotmt of min and snoW.that fells is anudler
than in * Atlantic States, A , -day
is very rare, and a whole month Often pass
see without a chimer, :The ,tenure is
-generally mild in winter, but an oceapolutt
cold spell occurs, of s t ink. duration. The
winter IS Confined toits
Iy-11;MM:it-nein% before tteCernber,,loir extend'.
ing into Maith:- The beat =isf summer.-'is
_w a vered by tbe (rest brekzetc- which,. xistag
and fe4lng f with the aun,render Witt delight:
ful season. April and May _are the" rainy
au/tuba. • frcrite have Arier..l...een.ltuowp. to
.trouble-the crops. , .
MUM
. . •
~ • . .1 , ;to: ~
, _ ~
:. . K .: A : N s A s ,
, ..., e. f,l !'” • t - . 'l:4, 1.1 t. , !.;
SOIL.
'Theflrynels, r e it ) . and free circulation
die sii;the absent:* of stegiti a
llt
-waters,4bleh le 'find in gasusail, , aro canal
timid. favorable to health. The iatperiance of
early 'settlers also indicates a healthy clinitf.
Cases of bilious fever And ague occur more,
freiueutly than in abler -puttied cortrie7 l but
in twist aklesAleY; .are AktesPitvqffolut 4-
, Nominee:9r epreleeenew4.4. oo . l4la vrP*
onli•riowasteigfiFejef)ii l P se k , l 4,4ol ..J 6
and be will mai, eafter.. #4,40
,'.o'.pl,ktpio'T4 _a•gi,c) . 'EGON'? 'Amao•Kgll l ;•elnAgEhiv aRED imoklia679
II
the contrary, as has been the experience 'of
many, he will find himself rejuvenated, old
complaints, gone, and ,endowed with , a fresh
fund of constitutional' +lgor. Let' him build
hie-house on the uplands, dig his well - if he
cannot, wit spring. water, eat, sleep and bath,
regelarly, - avold.thepoisoned alcoholic drinks
of the West, and he will come out right.—
Persons 'afflicted with pulmonary and rheu
matic' complaints generally experience • relief
in Kansas. Not more ague occurs than in
Wisconsin, the healthiest ut. the Western
States.
3;l'
The Timber.is mainly confined to the val.
leyi,•but is oceasionally dispersed over the
uplands in groves and parks of rare beauty.
lt occuri in, belts from a few rods to several
miles in w ith, following the valleys to their
termination.
- Oak, hickory, cottonwood, black Walnut,
ash, basswood, elm, locust; hackberry,coffee
tree and sycamore 'are . the most common
trees. Chestnut,' maple, cedar, buckeye,paw
paw, persiMmon and pecan not occur. • The
amount of timber has been reatly.underrat
ed by superficial observers : though not as
abundant as could be wished, it will meet the
wants of the country, if properly husbanded.
Kansas is better timbered than-northern Mi
ne. is and sotuhern Wisconsin, and when. it is
remembered that the coal will supply fuel,
and the hedge and stone, fencing and build
ing material, no . fears need be entertained on
account of the scarcity of timber. It would
be difficult to find a point anywhere more
shim 4 miles from wood, -
The soil and climate of Kansas are adapted
to.most of the grains,' grasses and fruits rail.
ed in the .North: Winter wheat, corn, oats,
rye, barley, buckwheat, pntatoes, sweet pota
-toes and all common garden products, pump
kins, squashes,'•inelons have been tried,. and
succeed admirably; . Hemp and tobacco may
-he profitably cultivated, and the new Chinese
sugarcane would . probably beat home there.
Among fruits may .be mentioned. apples,
pears, peaches, cherries, apric?ts,
grapes, currantsand strawberries. The choiek
and tender vari?ties of these fruits : may be
grown successfully.' The grape culture prom
ises,to be a profitable' branch (if business.—
The- dryness of the atmosphere ripens the
fruit and 'concentrates its juices to the finest
flavors. „ -
A fine nutritious grasS grn - ws everywhere,
yielding even oil the dry prairies, two tens
of hay per ache: Clover, timothy and redtop
grass do well where tried. The Winters are
short and attended. with so little snow that
cattle are kept without fodder in many parts
of Kansas. To tho ,, e who wish t 4 .raise-cat
tle, horses and sheep for market :the best in-
Where is your market? 1S the anxious en
quiry of many of our eastern friends, Who
have not learned that:during the early settle
ment of any .new country the home demand
created by new comers will very soonabsorb
every surplus product. The California - and'
'Santa Fe routes pass through Kar.sas and die
mighty trade that flows along them will be
mainly sustained by her people. Tnis trade
requires 40.000 teams of mules, horses and
oxen at least one-third of these must be
,re
placed annuilly. The government purchases
'extensive' supplies for the, western posts,
which 'would naturally be procured in Kan
sas. The rapid influx.of population will take
everything that remains. The experience of
farmers in other.western States which have
settled rapidly warrants the expectation of a
ready home market at high prices, fot every
thing that the: K ansas farmer can raise fur
years to come.
COST OF, °FENNO FARMS, LIVISO, &C.
This will of course depend upon the loca
tion in great ineaure, but s few general facts ,
may be of use. Breaking co;:ts tram $2,0
to $4 per acre; rails from $2 to $3 per hun
dred; sod fence from 30 to 40 cents per ro4;
stone fence 80 . cents to one dollar per rod ;,
hedge set, 32 cents per rod, growing in 5%e
years to in efficient fence; tii . r.lier s _ en tor'
from 25 to 30 dollars per thousand, one-half
of which cost is -in. sawing. Oak, black wal.
nut and Cotton wood are generally used.—
Brick will be cheap when business is fairly
started. ,Working cattle sell at from 80 to
100 dollars per yoke; horses froin.7s' s to 150
;dollars; mules train 100. to 200 dollars 'per
head:
Rents are ofeouree high ; board Win $3 to
$5 per: week. .
•
_ .
.MECHANICS, MANUFACTURES, *C.
.141 wins, carpenters, blacksmiths, wagon
makers, and cabinet Makers arain great de
mand and will find abundant - employment
and good prices. -' Every branch of common
mechanical labor ran be profitably pursued:
Masons and carpenters secure from- $2,50 to
$3,00 per day. Itough stone, or mincrete,
as it. is called, is a favorite building material,
and every man who can lay stone, will find
om,stant work. .
,Grist and taw-mills and machine shops are
greatly needed and would be excellent invest
ments.
There is only onejiouring mill in Kansas.
FaCtories and tanneries would pay va' , ell.--;;.
Tradesmen will find Kansat a profitable . field
of adveinure.'-' The businew is cash with few,
risks. The fruit and nursery bUsinese in all
its' branches vrilii . .yield aura:returns: ,
-. ... ' - Tiliii;FOß E3tIGRAtIYO.. ''' ".
If you -conclude to go to Kansas flae sesmer
you, taut after; navigation opens,lbe better.
Itytitt go, in March or April, you can *tire
a claim—break some portion - brit and get in
life* acres of torn,' beans end.' potatimis:—
Planting cum:nem:ea abont.the 15th of April,
and may be continued - until the Ist of June.
Corn s . p lanted on the sod yields from 30 to 40
bushels to the acre, or, about haltits )10a in
old hind. - Any 'feigner Of oidinalt.. capacity;
(
hay bia.teitrn' and ;tools - and` eey
ing on the
groatid by therfiras.of April - , ,- be able-tO
rime fob.4l.e.noughlolluift his , Wily. through
the winter, till another harvest.. The land is
ready fur Zhapkist-ixt.Matcha' „and con - tinuei
iiiii'Aill the first of..petAnAver,,,-, .11 11 f -ground
ow,he worked for all wit: 1 01;4 porpaiseit
,during nine uniiiiilis - bl e the year: ,
TheMissqurf rivet ' 4 . iiivifuyiloforti as early'
aathis liit, of ilatcif,-Cand' afforda , s cheap,
oitakiiit . able iiiitteetsy trshait to liatisita.
1-` -- ; J.:4 .sraw To TA= : 1 .: t • 1
TbiNwill - depend kipon the timo you go
'intrilurpribe - 4ber riferife.tilt hi &Weibel
tearyi such ett i,
ieleslif necessity' aid .ourtven.
*mai 4,0,0%-bsviiiiletp, , swrtitkeliti OF
l'Unir .00TrOMPACitM449.9.4144414rQii
MEI
IMBEEI
MONTROSF,, THURSDAY,. MARCH 12, 1857.
TTIIIIER
PItODUCTION'S
clothin,got.few chairs, and a table, the stove
if you "2:titi take it to pieces, a few dishes, And
whateyer. is necessary for house-keeping, judg
ed by' the pioneer standard.
Carry also garden seeds, and fruit'seects of
1 411 kinds. Procure a hundred or two, root
gratts,Apple and' pear, plum, cherry; peach
and graperoots, curragts, ornametitalshrubs
and, other small fruits in cuttingS or roots.
Paclethem in damp saw dust in a box and
take teem with' you. - You will find some
place to set•them and they will pay you a
hundred fold, and surround your new nocue
with comfort and beauty. If you have tools
take "them. If not, you can purchase quite
as cheap at St. Louis or. in Kansas as in the
East.
Your coarse stuff should be snipped by
some transportation company to reach Kan
sas as cheap as possible.
Freights up the Missouri to Kansas are
from 30 cts. to $2,50 per hundred, according
to the stage of the -water. The highest:rates.
occur in March, October, and November.—
Lowest in May and June. Present rates are.
$l,OO.
ROITTES.
Arrangementa have been made with the
following lines of transportation for the issu•
ing of through tickets to Kansas Emigrants
at a reduction of 25 per cent (torn the regu
lar prices, viz: . • -
Full River route from Boston to - New
,
York.
New YOrk & Erie R. New. York • ,to
Dunkirk or Buirelo.
Luke Shoie R. R. from BuffalO and Dun
kirk to Cleveland or Toledo.
From Cleveland to - St. Louis by the Cleve
land, Columbus & Clatinuati, Rellefontaine
& ndiana, Indianapolis, , Pittsburgh & Cleve
land, Terre Haute &' Richmonk and Terre
Haute. Alton & St. Louis R. Roads. Per
sons wishing to do so can go through Colum
bus by the - Columbus & Xenia R. R., and
proceed from Terre • Haute by the Ohio &
Mississippi R. R. to St. Louis. ;
From Toledo to St. Louis by the Toledo,
Wabash '& Western and Terre Haute & Al
ton R. R's., or via . Michigan Seiuthern• and
Chicago, Alton
,c ‘ St St. Louis - R.. Ips.
From. St. Louis by Steamers or by-the
Pacific R. R. to Jeffersor. City and thence by
steamers to Kansas.
Through tickets Will be sold at the
pal ticket offices on these roma, either to
single individuals cir COmpanies. ,These tick
ets entitle the bolder to first class fare with
mealS and berths on the Missouri river boat,
and 100 pounds of baggage to each person.
Arrangements are:being made for a
lar_ reduction over other routes which will be
announced when completed. All baggage
should be carefullx 'marked and checke4
days of 'it being . spent tn the—Missouri-steam
ers which are among the best boats on our
waters.
Freight may be consigned with proper di
rections to "Care Simmons & Lend beater,
St. Louis, Mo."
Ail estimate of the expense of reaching the
territory by these mutes may be-formed by
noticing the prices of tickets from the follow
ing points:
I Boston to Kansas (apprOximately)...s34,oo
New York or Albany , " *.. 80,00
.
Buffalo or Dunkirk. 24.00
Cleveland '•.• 21,00
Chicago . . ' • 16,00
Children under 12 rears of age half price.
' OVER:AND ROUTE.
Persons wishini to go with their own
teams can make a Fife and easy transit across
lowa or Missouri. The principal:routes cross
the Mississippi at fluheque, Dmietiport, Mus.
catine, Burlington, Hannibal; Mo. and St.
Louis. Either of these are 'good Wagon
routes, and the choio will be determined by
the starting point. A. loaded team will make
25 miles per day, th distance from the far
thest point named bing about 400 miles.—
It is hardly safe tostaq before the Ist of
May, as the teams mst depend mainly upon
green feed. Theexense is trifiipg if provi-
sion is made for carping. In warm weather
this trip can be take even by females, with
ou- exposure to sevre hardship ! No diffi
culty will be encounired is finding the mute
from any of the abon starting points. Ev
ery party should has a tent, Molting uten
sils and abundant idding., They can
- dive
in their wagons andtents after ;arriving in
the territory, until ;home is secured.
LANDII 4 :O POTS TN x.t.sdas.
Persons wishing . ) go up the *anus val
ley, or to the southm portion ofihe territo.
ry, should stop at Tyiindotte co or Quin
dare, two new townin closee-proximity with
eachother, and bead bn the htlisouri river,
just above the moo of the KOneas. Col:
'Eldridge, late prorietor of the Free State
Hotel, will run a le of hacks,' daily from.
Wyandotte to Lawoice • fare three dollars.
A steamer recent' j aurellased by Thaddeus
Hyatt, Esq., of N. will make regular tiips
from Quindare to lawrence, three times a
week, carrying patingers at thiee dollars a
piece. At these pits teams can' be obtain
ed; for any part of .e territory, and purcha
ses of stores can i made. Leavenworth-
City 25 miles higti op. Atehisbn 10 miles.
beyond, Doni . ; : ;;(1
.flowa Poynt, connect
with the. Nort sernortion of the territory,
and communicate 1 stage with the interior.
CLAIMS, PEE-WeIONS, LAND RN,RIES:
,
Persons not lariar with the i method
,of
acqoiringlitlei to ids in new Siateti ire apti
to over estimite le .difficulties; and Suffer
much needless aniv . The following hints
as to,Kanias leaday be of-use to settlers,
or person; Wishin o inyeat. Ally person,
who is it citizen O e United States, or has
filed notiie of int on to becomit,such, who
is either 'imbed I, t-tamily, a widow, or a
single min, over %years of age; may enter
upon lacres of overnrnent land, wherev
erlhe or he 'say exese to select it, if not al
ready pied, an by residing Ppon it and
iinprov* it;isecti . thii genie a' $1,25 per
sere, .l'is teoestuy only to make an'netual
residenc onthe lad, to ,file a notice of inten
tion to reenpt tbunne, end to he reatly to
Make tli rymec before the public sale,
which 41 le adirti.lo for threet mimtbk.
:'- The iniloffickeirT geniis will be opened
sooty;i what intim time it! is imposai.
;myths to y Tbr .the are. !Wowed lb r
the pa t!t1: pr em ptions aft& the awes
ate op : The ' rts then offered at pi&
lictu after - 411dt it is' liable to private
entry. ;And Watkants can prObably be used
la,
4
t fiti.pmeutptkoa. . Na man who
has and kepia clains by a itansinwees,
idence need bp lii-fear of losing it. The Set
tlers will protect each others claims while
necessarily absent for their families or on bu
siness. The Indian reservations are not now
open for settlement. The Shawnee lands
south of Kansas river and near its mouth,
will be open for pre-emption in a few weeks,
and offer, excellent chances fur farms. The
16th and 32d sections of every township are
reserved for school purposes, and cannot be
pre-empted or entered at the , land office.—
Thosit who settle on these lands will. have a
long time for payment, but must expect to
.pay a high price. We shall soon be iu re
ceipt of more accurate information, as to
opening of land offices.
Persons not residing in Kansas, but Wish
ing information as to investments may ad
dress the undersigned . at Chicago.
The etnigrant to a new country, feels at
Once the need of accurate local information.
To meet this want, Mettsrs. E. B. Whitman
and A. D. Searl haveopened offices at Wy
andotte and Lawrence. W. F. M. Amy,
Esq.. will also have a similar office at Law
rence.' They will furnish gUides and teams
on reasonable terms. They have an eaten.
sive knowledge of the country, and will give
reliable information to all who seek it, for a ,
small fee. Mr. Seed will be found .at Wy
andotte ready to serve all-who desire his aid. .
Whitman St Sean's map is the best yet pub
lished_ Every one should procure it who
travels in Kansas. An excellent pamphlet
by Dr. Webb, of Boston, and a book on Kan
sas by the Rev. C. B. Boynton, contain much
valuable matter.
El
To the emigrant and the capitalist alike,
Kansas holds out. the most tempting induce
ments. Its magnificent, physical resources,
its central position, its genial climate, its prox
imity to the great river of the continent, its
prospect of aspeedtßailread connection with
the Atlantic cities, and especially its 40,000
capable, enterprising and intelligent people,
guaratitet, a sure and rapid growth. The
school, the church, , and the refined social cir
cle are already there to nurture, protect, and
develepe the growth of a model common
wealth. There, if anywhere in the West, life
will be surrounded with fine conditions, and
enterprise and industry will relit, a sure bar n
vest with competence and wealth.
EDWARD DANIELS',
Agent of Emigration, Nat. Kansas Com.
Any communications relating to emigra:
tion or Matters treated of in this circular may
be addressed to me at Chicago, 111.
ASBESTCS.—This is one of the most singu
lar productions of nature. Formed of the
hardest rock elements—of silicia and magne
sia, with a little alumnia of lime—its teiture
L. rtusit4..sltrmnota it ts •
which are extremely delicate, flexible, and
elastic, can only be compared to lint or,white
thread of the most beautiful kind. -It is some
times, on the contrary, hard, brittle, and col
ored in a way to be confounded with frag
ments of wood broken in splinters,. In these
two cases it is marked by very opposite char:
acteristics;- in one the tenacity and strength
of so firm a thread, in the other a woody text
ure, and sometimes sufficient hardness even
to scratch glass. Now compact and elastic
as cork,—here in masses of a dirty white,
like that of dried paste, and there with file-
meuts like locks of hair, it. received from min•
eralogists nt Old the different names of mount
ain cork, leather, and fossil paper. Chemists
call it living linen, or salamandrine wool. -
Asbestus was esteemed precious by the an.
ciena; they employed it to make tissues
which served to envelope the body when it
was burned, after death, and to preserve its
ashes• unmingled with those of the fuel by
which it was consumed.; A large marille urn
was discovered in 1701, in a vineyard near
Rome, consining a piece of, this asbestos
cloth more than two yards in length, by one
and three•qtarters in width; it resembled
cloth made of hemp, but it was as soft and
glossy as silk. ft contained the half burnt
bones and skull of some ancient worthy; it
was placed in the library of the Vatican.—
Obtained from Persia at great eipense, the
custom of burning the corpse in a tissue. of
this substance could only be current in the
richest families. Pliny considered it in effect
reserved fur royal sepulturer. Superior qual
ities of it served for cloths fur the sacred.
lamps, and fur the table linen of the wealthy;
after use it was said to be thrown into fire by
the servants to be cleaned.
Pliny was ignorant of the natureof ashes
tus•'
he classed it with vegetable substances,
and called it unchangeable linen. - He com
pared its value to that of fine pearls and ad
ded that it was prepared to sustain the heat
of fire by, the broiling sun of the India des
erts, where it grew. -
We are surprised to find the ancients giv
ing credit to tales so absurd.- Pliny, the Ro
man naturalist, believed, on the testimony of
the sage Anixilaus, t hat a tree enveloped in a
tissue of asbestus could stand without injury
the blows . of an axe.
In modern times, some industrious individ
uals have occupied themselves in spinning as
bestos, and have succeeded ih making it into
cloth by resorting to the expedient of mixing
it with cotton or linen, without which the
thr..ad his not sufficient strength to be woven.
They then put it into the fire, and draw it
forth s tissueet pure asbestus.' This round
about way would probably have been unne
cessary if they had known and applied the
kind of asbestos best fitted for the object.
Miulamls Perpenti has succeeded in Italy
for some years past, in fabricating from it
cloths, paper, and even like. A book was
deposited in lhe French Institute, printed en
tirely on paper-thus manufactured by,thislu
dy. The process of manufacture is described'
as quite simple and net very expensive. This
paper is very good either for writing or prink
icg—by employing an ink composed of man
-ganese and sulphuret of iron, the writing will
be preserved even after having passed through
fire, and the paper has the great value of -se
curing precious dOcuinents from destruction
by the flames. Asbestus has aiso been effi
ployed for various other useful . purposes, of
which we have not room to speak.
tar That was a very natural, but w very
ludicrous remark of a venerable lady, now in
her one hundteth, year; on the death of her
daughter; who had attained the good old age
of eighty. i itne mother grief wee great,
and to a riend who came "to 'condole with
her,.abe could only say: “ Oh detir! oh dear t
I knew :I never should be able to rear that
Mild. • '
LOCAL iNFORMATION, MAPS, AC.
PUB
•
H. H. FRAZIER, PUBLISHER , ---yOL 8. NO. 9.
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
-07-
JAMES BUCHANAN,
'arch 4, 1857.
FaLsow Crrizass :—I appear before you
this day to take the iolemn oath," that I will ,
faithfully execute the office of President of
the United Statee, and will,to the best of my'
ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Cen
etitiltion of the. United States." In entering
upon this great office, I most humbly invoke
the God .of our fathers for wisdom and 4rtn-
ness to execute its high and responsible. du.
ties in such a manner as to restore harmony
and ancient friendship among the people of
the several States, and to preserve our free
institutions throughout many generations.—
Convinced that I owe my election to the in.
herent love for the Constitution and 'the -Un
ion, which still animates the hearts of the
American people, let me earnestly ask their
powerful support in sustaining all just meas
ures
calculated to perpetuate these, the rich
est political blessing which Heaven has ever
bestowed upon any nation. Having deter
mined not to become a candidate for re•e
lettion, I shall have no motive to influence
my conduct in administering the government,
except 'the desire, ably and faithfully .to
serve my country, and to live in the grateful
memory of my countrymen. We have re
cent'y passed through a Presidential contest.
in which the passions of our fellow: citizens
were excited to the highest degree by ques
tions of deep and vital importance. But when
the people proclaimed their will, the tempest
at once subsided, and all was calm. The
voice of the majority, speaking in the manner
•prescribed by the Constitution, was heard,
and instant submission followe d. Our own
country could alone have exhibited so grand
and striking a spectacle of' the capacity of .
man fur self government. What a happy
conception, then,- was it fur Congress to apply
this simple rule, "that the will of the majori
ty shall govern," to the settlement of the
question of domestic slavery in the territories.
Congress is neither " to legislate slavery into
any territory, not to exelude it therefrom,"
but to leave the people thereof perfeitly free
to form and regulate their domestic institu
tions in their own way, subject only to . the
Constitution of the United States. As a mit-
Airal consequence, Congress has also prescrib.
ed that when the Territory of !Census shall'
be atmitted as a State it shall be received in
to the Union with or without slavery, as their
own Constitution may prescribe at the time
of their admission. A different opinion has
arisen in regard. to the point of time when 1
the people of a territory shall decide the quss- I
tion for themselves. This is happily a mat; ,
ter of hilt little practical importance ; bJsideS, 1
tates, berure e imam.- . ..k.unr
La..l.llLmAt I
will, it is understood, be speedily and tinleS, I
settled: To their decision, in common with
all good citizens, I shall cheerfully submit,
whatever that may be, :though it has ever
beeu my individual opinion that, under the
Nebraska-Kausas act, the appropriate period
will:be when the number of actual residents
in the territory snail justify the formation of
a - constitution, with a view , to its admission as
a State iuto the Union. But, be this as it may,
it is the imperative and indispensible duty of
the government of the United States to se
cure to every resident inhabitant the free and
independent expression of his opinion by his
vote. This sacred right of each individual
must he preserved. This being accomplish
ed, nothing can be fairer than to leave the
people of a territory free from all foreign in
terference, to decide their. own destiny for
themselves subject only to the Constitution -
of the United States. -The . whole •territorial
question being thus settled upon the principle
of popular sovereignty—a principle as ancient
as free government itself—eveeyting of a
practical nature has been decided. No other
question remains for adjustment, because all
agree that under the Constitution, slavery' in
the States is beyond the reach of any human
power except that of the respective States
themselves wherein it exists. May we not,
then, hope that the long agitation on this sub
.ject is approachingits eed, and that the geo
graphical parties to which it has given birth
—so much dreaded by the Father of his
Country—will'speedily become extrnet 'I Most
happy will be for the country when: the
public mind shall be diverted from this ques
tion to others of more pressing and practical
importance. Throughout the whole progress
of this agitation, which has scarcely knewn .
any intermission fur more than twenty years,',
whastiit has been productive of no - positive
good toning human being, it, has been a pro.
... es.,
lific source of great evils to the master, to the'
slave and tethe whole country. It has alien
ated and estranged the people of sister Snit
from each other, and has even seriously en.
dangered the very existence of the - Union.=
Nor has the . danger yet entirely ceased. Un
der our system there is a remedy for all
mere.political evils in the sound sense and I l
sober judgment of the people. Time -is a 4
great corrective.' Political. subjects which I.
but a few years ago-excited and exasperated I
the public mind, have passed away , and are.l
now nearly forgotten. Bei th4' question ot
domestic slavery is of far greater iMportance l .
thanef any mere political question, became
should she agitation continue, it may..eventu
ally endanger the personal safety' of a large ,
portion of our countrymen where the institu
tion exists. In that event no form of govern.
meat, however admirable in itself, however, I
productive of material benefits;: can coinpere
sate for the loss of peace and domestic eecu
rity around the family altar. Let every Un
ion loving man, therefore, exert his best in.'!
flueace to suppress this agitation, which, sinsi l
the recent legislation of Congreigi; is without
say legitimate object. It is an evil omen of
the times ? that men, have undertaken to cal- .
ciliate thiere material value of the,Union,
and that imams have been presented of the'
pecuniary cofi ts and local advantageawhich
; 1
would men t: to different Statea and sections
ti onr ita ffiisolution, and of the comparative
injuries which .such an event would inflict on
other States and sections. Even descending
tothis low and narrow view of the. mighty
question, all such calculations are at fault--
the bare_reference to a single , consideration
will be conclusive on this point. West press
eat enjoy a free trade throughout our exten.
siva and exismdiiikosnitry such es the world
never witnessed. This trade is ounducted'ore
railroads and canals, on noble rivers sod
arms of the sca,which bind together the North
and the South, '
the East and the West of our
asatediraey. Anibilstit tilts trade, arrest its
.
,
free progress by.. the geographical lines of
jealous and hostile States, and you destroy
the prosperity and* onward march of the
whole and every part, and involve all Inoue
common ruin. But such considenttions;fm
portant as they are in themseiVee,. sink ,
insignificance, when we reflect On the terrific
evils which would result from disuniontoev_•
ery portion of the confederacy . . To the North
not more than to the South— to the -rut not
more than to the %Vest. These' shall not at.
temptto pottray,..bec.ause I feel an hutable
confidence, that the kind Providence which
inspired our fathers with wiadoni•to frame.the
most perfect form of government and union'
ever devised by man, will not suffer It to per
isb, until it shall have been *peacefully instru
mental, by its example, in the extension of
civil and religious liberty -throughout the
world.
Next in importance to the meintenance. of
the Constitution and the Ul2iol3 s
is the duty of
preserving the government free from, thetaint
or even the suspicion of curruption. Public
virtue is the vital spirit of republics; and
when the love of money has wooed its place,
although the forms of free govornmrnt may
remain for a season; the subsumes has depart
ed forever. _ i.
. .
Our present financial condition-IS without -
a parallel in history. No nation has ever.be
fore been embarrassed from so l o large a sou
plus in its treasury. This almost necessarily
gives birth to extravagant legialation. It
produces wild schemes of expenditures, and -
begets a race of speculators and jobbers whose
ingenuity is exerted in contriving and promo
ling expedients to obtain public money: The;
purity of official agents, whether rightfully Of -
wrongfully, is suspected, and the character of
the government' Buffers in the estimation Of
the people. 'This is in itself a vary gr'asteed.
The natutal mode of relief from this - embar- .
testament Is to appropriate the ,suiplui In' the
Treasury to great national objects, for which
a clear warrant can be , found id the Coastitu
tion. Among these I'might :death= the ex
tinguishment Of the public debt, a reasonable
increase of the Navy—which is at present ith
adequate to the protection of our east tonnage • ,
afloat,- now greater than that of any other tut- . .
tion—as -well as to the defence of our eaten- `
sive sea coast. It is beyond all question the
.'
true principle that no more revenue ought to.
~
be collected from the people then the amount'
necessary to defray the expenses of cwise, -
economical and efficient administration of the • - -
government. To reach this point, it was na
weary to resort to a modification of the tar
iff, and this has, I trust, been accomplished in
such a manner as to do as little injury as may
have been practicable to our domestic auunt- -
facturers, especially _those necessary for the
defence of the country.. Any,,,discritnination ,
against a particular branch for the purpose of .
litfivefiting_ favored corporations, individuals
nzist to the
ought to govern Id &TOOLu
nue tariff. But the squandering of the p"'------
Money sinks into apparent . iusignificance, se •
a temptation to corruption, when compared
with the squandering of • the public lands.- - L
No nation in the tide of time his ever Witt
blessed with so rich and .titOble an inheritance - .
as we - enjoy in the Public, Lands. In admin. - ' .
istering this important Vast, whilst itznay be
wise to grant portions. of them for the . im- ..
provement of the remainder,. yet we 'should
never forget that it is our cardinal policy to
.-'
preserve these lands,-as much: as may be, for;
actual settlers, and this at diclderats:ppricew—
We shall thus not only best promote the pros-
perity of the new States and Terrktoribik by
furnishing, them a hardy 'and . independent
race of honest and industrioUs citizens, but
shall secure Unites for our children- and put - .
children? children, as well as fir those exiles
from foreign "bores who may seek in * this
cot to improve their condition and to en- .
joy • blessings of civil and ,religtonsfiber.' '
ty. Such emigrants have done much to pro. ,,
mote the growth and prosperity of the utt.
try. They have proved faithful both m
h In peace
and in war. After becoming citizens, they -
are entitled, under the Constitution und laws,
to be placed on perfect equality with native
.;
born citizens; and in this. Character they.
should - ever be kindly receznized. The Fed.
eral Constitution is a grant from the States ,
to Cong. ess of certain specifie'powers, and the --
question whether this grant should be liberal
ly or strictly construed, has more or less di.
vided political patties from the beginning.
Without entering into the - argument, I desire-
to state; at the commencement of my sanda
-1 istration, that long experience and observation
have convinced me that s strict , construction
of the powers of the goiernipent is the only
true, as well-as the only safe .theory - of the
Cmstitution. Whenever, in Our pabt history, -
doubtful powers have:bcen exercised by Con
press, these have tieVer feiled•to produce in,
\ , rions and ' unhappy consequences. Many
uch instances might be addeced, if this were'
the proper occesion. = Neither is it necessary
Ifor the public service to strain the language -
of the - Constitution, because all the great and
useful _powers required fora successful admid: -
I'istraiion of the government, both in pace
land in 'war, have been granted
,either in ex
-1
press terms or by the plainest implicatiOn.— -
Whilst deeply convinced Cf these truths, I
.yet outsider it clear, that udder the war4na
king power, Congress may appropriate molt;
ey towards the construction of a
_military .
road. when this is absOutely
~necessary fur -
the defence ut - any State or: Territory of the
-Union against - foreign invasion. 'Llfnder the
I Constitution. C.ongreas lOW power" to declare.
' war"" to- raise and..support - _ armieta --"" to
provide and maintain a' nsvy," and to, calf
forth the militia to , "repel invasion." Thus
endoWed in an ample norther with, the war.
' making - power, the corrieponding duty is se.
tired that " the Unita.-States stud l protect
each of them (the - States) against ITlVasiuti."
N 14 1 ,11 it"possible to ail rd this protectiori to
Calitirnia and, our Pacific possessions, except
by means of a litari road thrmigh the a ter..
-vitori.a of tioU halts*, over which men
and munitions `war . may, be. Speedily traria.
:ported from ih . Atlentia States-to meet and
repel invad e lln the'iient of a war ilth '
a naval power much Stronger t,hati 'our own,.
we should then have no other available an.
ores to the Pacific coast, ti‘cause such.a pow--
er would Instantly close the.riutte sercsit the
latbmus of Central Ameriim. It is WINO*
to conceive, that while' the Constitutioi: ha
expressly required Oungries to &fetid alt the,
States, it should yei deny to thein by any
fair construction, the linty, possible mesas bi -- •
which one of thin! States can be edektbd,7—
Beside, the goVerntnent, ever : 4mi its OW
ha bleu In the constant rtitioe of ocagnatit:
/3
IBE