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CTlA.ft"..iiB F. REAFreic 11. FttAZIER
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,Pbr ,thelftdet R:eva f blicam.
4 eo
TREE LABOR;,r
Thts 9,neidea which-produced religious, po
pftilos4ical an 4 intellectual liberty;
was, thit .mind is, and of - rifild should be,
free.. • This . ; one. j4e,a • reve , lutionized the
church, history', add philosophy, and was the
great ftrSt dinte of the re% - oluticin of our gov
• eminent', in 1776. . •
"The Mind is Of right free,' sayi the Qua.,
Ver, "liesesuse'God, in thelsoil of man, is the
he dignity of the divine
presence requires his tabern4cle :to he free."
Out of this idea is created ithe firm faith of
- the trile- democrat, that I " irt man is 'Virtu's
and intOligence enough to gOvern himself."
Let tts now enquire if , there is no revolu
tion at3band to give birth 't.fs some idea which
Shall, by its futuredeVClO,innents; produce
7
results,those which, like: its great prototype,
- free mind, haven coin tendency to elevate
the condition of the hureafi, family and be
come-harmoniously ineorkmte with the pro.
gross Of our great and , glorious Repuhlie.
.1 think the Ail le idea is ,, that. man to be
physieilly great, should] -and that the
Divine Image as. expressed in the formation
of mai, requires that the dignity of the Di
vine iinpresaion should be free. . To continue
the d4velopthents of mans physical nat4e,
and to elevate his physie#l'capacities in due
prept:rtion with the eleption of mind, it
should of right he free labor—free, unrestriet
ed labor of , the whole powers of man. . Then
this noble, machinery called MAN will devel
ope its 'powers, rcsourcel, gctiiuS /Ma Capda
' \ ties until the mystery of man's moral and
physical' inequalities shat be solved, and the
vast '', l conceptions and dertionstrations of mind
shall be fully eqUalled i the capacities and
powerS of ' his physical i nature and genius—
and t,1411, in its relationfto governments, na
tiOnSsCin declitlep niore. Men NI no
niore'lxvome clierviLie,l,efferninate, or disco
lute; , { The true nobilitA of man's nature will
be disclosed, and thc.,[l4b6r of man's hands
bee,!ne lionoraffe, :and distinguished as
-that! t ll •
poiisibility of ilt a result obtaining
ronSui f urnatiou eannoil be;
•-• • •problemaUea
NVi:tuss_the -teleseope:; Does it _not : . equal
• theiSytithetie- :yorkingiqp.c . ratilms.
:in„Otronotniedl-cuticelitiota of space, has not
the :telescope oi-AthiL4a for the natural eye
denionstmtiop,4 its iituwst Emits'? ',Does
r
tho:r v icr r iy of thou.ilitannitillate.Eoth time.
)1 . 4 spaeel Let' magnetic .tehigraph
stand forth, and i nd=and matter, Are
ize4. l lint these. it ;Mai be' laid, are only
single instances, while' in the main, the great
inequality exists and is most apparent. „Let_
tl+...vastni , of ptve4 as evinced in the use
of the leve be cirri to to its extremest lim
it, ;an i l it to ,; . well be imagined that when
'mind shat discovered the base up
.whichthe Shall, rest, (if it should
e'er beeome quicent . and still,) then will
some -Archimedes be found-who - will, with
lever and fulcrum, again give-it - motion.-
- 'Otis we might go on and give examples ad'
ii i ijfnitum, but it stifteth. -
What T toluld saw, in conclusion is, that in
noting down , the ini. i +ry, progress, and eapa
Cities of the idea of ;Tree Labor—that man
shoidd labor.;--and that physical)aber, to be
equal with mind, shOuld be. independent and
free -:--to be free it l Should be ennobled—it
Should not be enlived. Therefore, if it be
the nreai, destiny ofltbis Republic to give the
highest political elevation to the sublime idea
- that mind is, and right should be, free,
then 'shpuld Abase 'who have control, over the
Arrangement of tie physical powers of this
governme,nt, be careful to observe the idea
}that free labor = alae will enable u. 4" as a na.
-;tion to obtain that , physical excellence which
the_ aried resourees of this country Ilemand,
And which the prfigressive physical liberty'
,'of mankind truly ;require., When this gov
ternment shall have secured this to the see
,
.
;eretgn man, then Will the productive indus
! try, enterprise, and energy of the, hand meet
with. the mune eomtnendations and
encomiums as thti veiled industrial exercise
of the mind. ['! • • C.
„
Pike,•Jutte i 106 • .
,• . •
'This env, rts molested by the earn*
n'y Fre e tabor bt Hon. D. 'Wilmot while in eon
_
(- •
Por l itheltepublieak
- A County irmital School.
Ther - time haajeome when the interests of
the Contnezt-SOools Sueorehimvia cam
' ti urgently Aelnand that a County Normal
School le./lel/Ihr the purpose of better
Paring, for thikr responsible linties, those
ulteherawho re, thperfom them.
:That- soma iiheit school .should .be opened
#iimediatelY, bi l being - inged.hy the earx est.
friends and aniious teachers in every quar,
ttetr the - ocinity. This derniorrpropose
to meet the *lining Valli hetween the dos
* of-,th e Summer Schoo l s and, ror
the examinatio4 oommence v preparatory'.
to the openiteg' i. 'the'3Winter Schools..
'That & school of this kind must bet+ ketd
slhaik to - fluidity "—where it out be .
_held, so that :the Common School interests
unilt .renck the greatest Advantage- therefrom,'
is' a; li ttle' more difficult to determine- That
it should occupy samOk central twenty will
concided And , tary -, one looking
around for: /Deal% w ouldi 6 400 ct
il*Oad ;;tilik;Ndiuuttit naStlali , .sites
oaae 4?f, the4ft pew; viz ; •
nee; ' New *foixtt, astros:il;
Brcoklyn.
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And now I Propose to the frientla of the
different localities that they report to roe'
immediately what
.eaeh one may be able to
'do in•behalf of such .a school, ee continue for
ten or eleven' week's, dr from the latter-part
of August to the fore part of Noveuxber.---
Report What kind of reeltation , roorn can be
furnished—what apparatis, such as •black.
boards, •mapi, globg4 t ; how many rooms
for the accommodation of teachers .-„'what ac
congnodatiort for board, &v. !Sze, giving ,a ll
the particulars possible to fr„ire •in reference
.
- h must bedistinetly• understood that lam
to have . the wselusisth management and con
trol. of the educational eourse---that my time
Is to he spent free of charge. to the 'teachers ;
what tuition maybe charged is to hring to my
:kid such teachers 'as -Prof. • Stoddard, Prof.
Davies, Prof. Cleric', and others—iill. of: the
übovenamed having - given 'encouragement
and promised that they will be present and
lend .- their leaSt one ,week each, to
the benefit-CS the school,
- It must altbe un t derstoOd. that rio specu
lation
.is to in_tifide. Upon interest and
that the teachers in attendance- are to have
their board; fuel, Nom; bed, &c., (those who
do not chose to ftirnish thernselvei,) at the
octant east, at least, to Say 'nothing .of a de
duction in their furor.
• And it must be further understOod that .
'this is a special arrangement for the heneflt
of the .Common Setuxils of the county—that
its interests are.not to be Milted or woven in
with'the interests of any other institution of
learning already in existence--that it . shall
be separate and distinct from ;every other
interest, aruli'at the end of the term, cease to
be.
a '
Aud I now invite all, whether friends °it
6
teachers _desiring to attend, to inform me, by
letter of their-des:lies and preferenees. Let.
immediately, promptly,:and energeti
.There are obstacles to; be overcome
_which ntzte: be surmounted. The Common
:lioorliterest of Susquehanna county must
assume a, higher position than:it has former
ly occupied. The • time luts eome
.when
teachers Who are barely ahead of their pi
los . qualifkations, stop teaching
school•and prepare themselves for the great.
work of teaching. - Nes:, I 111311 TEACiiING--
taielling that shall Make:the little budding
intellect- "bloom and blo,ssom 'as the.rOse"--,
teaching that. shall be to the elzild as tliemag-,
tie . - t6 the needle- attract the-moment
c 4 • ,
he contes withilt the There ocits • influence...
That • is what . - we. 'want, acid . we,ntust:
.hare before d ur schools Rill satisfy the par
- eats or .meet the wants of ;Itbe :owing gen- :
eration. • .••• B. F. TEwKStieur,.Co. Supt;
,•Hari ri3, Sttaq'a. co., Pa. •
3))l‘seci).l4eall,s
OF /OEN
PiLSSAGEEf IN 7R Tr mo Vi/ i E j. C.
In JanuarT; 1846, Captain J. C.,Fremont,
who the year before had been ordered by the
War. Department to' explore a southern, route
to Oregon, arrived upon the frontiers of Cal
ifornia, with a party of engineers. Knowing
that the relaticins between the United States
and. Mexico were in a delicate position, and
that the authorities of the latter were very
jealous of Americans, he took the precaution
to leave his Party and go alone to Monterey ;
-where with the United States Consul, 14 - r„
Larkin, he called upon - the commanding gen.
eral, Castro, anctmade known to him his peace
ful mission ; 'receiving express permission to
winter in the valley of San Joachim, where
there was plenty of game, and no inhabitants
to - be disturbed. Atter recruiting his party,
he proceeded onward, and, on the3d of Maich,
encamped within
, fifty miles of Monterey,
where, to his surprise, he received a peremp
tory order from Castro to feave the country
at once. At first be took no, notice of this
_order,' sh he had given no ,t oceasirn for,any
hostile demonstration ; ..but when he heard
that Gen. Castro was reallyjin pursuit of him,
he fortified his party with logs of wood, upon
ti high- hill,• and hoisted the United States
flag; and there, in a quietly brave attitude,
rquilly defied the Californians todo their
worst,. From his ramp he could , see with
his spy-glass' that an attack was in prepare.
tion, and he =also received from Mr. Larkin a
letter telling On of Castro's ordera l to drive
him from the country. The messenger. who
earned. back Frenumes answer to Lark iti,
(which was that he and his party should de
fend themselves to the;last man,) added,
that'-two thousaod men! would . not be able
to drive Fretiont from *his position: 4 - Fre-
Mont left his littWort, and proceeded on hig
exploring , expedition to Oregon. Castro fol
lowed alter,. but. evidently did not 'dare to
comekup with him, and; haying picked up a
few cast away things left in the 'deserted log
fart, he returned to California; snaking proc
lanititkv full of falsehoods, deelaring that he
had drivetraway- to Oregon this band of high.
‘yrsy- robbers! ' '• •
in'the following- May, when Captain Fre
mont was encamped on she. Greater Tiamath
lake, he Was surprised at the arrival of two,
mounted meni'wbo told-hips that Lieutenan t .
Gillespie, - with- two letters 'for him, ...sae
behind, ;bets% y hostile Indians. Captain'
Fremont'knmedistely ;bloke Up„ bre cutup
-and went backs. to bis atatituasteratitt inethim
after a day or - annul t; Gillespie de=
livered - letter of *pupa' introductiott
froto - Mr..Buchanan Secretary - of State; and .
family letters from COL-Bituott,- :Under - all
them?, circumstances; he-could not hut tinder %
stand that, Lient. Gdiftipie was necredited by
Suebtaistr as an agent of the goveranient,
and this the gentleman, himself affirmed i Ari.,-
fortniatCePtain freniont that the govern
ment hinw-to*Ottitnto and
acquaint himself iiiittinthe 4leposiotilkthe
haliitapp . 4 . , and tliioKgreinf:,theßijtish,upnt
the' 4e6Untry'l . and, if Attar*** or is certain,
kind, tweintinterietiliOni.=
hie iv:um-160440n - lei
wediate, he foetid the villa). of-theStietiw
pleZte in the grestesOtement, Cwr all the
'V,al2k'brOtl,'O't:) , .:. l rl''ONT' - ''/;': - a s .;A'ilto_
Atneritaesettlers• had been Ordered out of
the tolintri, 'and were threatened With' mas.
*ere and the destruction of their crops.-,- .
The arrival of CaplainFrernont inspired them
with a hupe ofdefending: _themselves.; they
eipected.every.moment to. be attnekl4l ,by
the Indians, who had beeti exited against
them ; and. they besought him to: take the di.
rection of the defence; The danger of the.
American settlers was imminent, and their
enemy,. was also his own. • Bti le did not
know that the Mexican war was begun. It
was impossible for him to 'comMurneate with
the 'authorities at home isyet imauthoriZed,te
could hot xximmit the United Sates • govern.:
iment, by :contmen.cing hostilitieh in its name.
But his heart bled for his distressed countrY:-
men, and, he made up his .mind that, at all•
risks to himself, he must ez»braoe their can::e.
Ile cOmtnunicated his feelingi to his party,-,
who all joyfully acceded" to his l views ; Lieut.
Gillespie also, lie then - advised the Aineri-
Cans to raise.the Bear flag al. Sonoma (for .
they had,nci right to that of the United States,)
and under it the great battle
O f Sacramento
Was fought.and all the country north of lite
Bay of San Francisco was conoered. ornde
. pendence was formally cleared July sth,
'.1840, and Captain Vreinont,'bf the general
Voiee,_Was put at the head of tflitirs. lit the
letter which he wrote to father-in-law,
Senator Benton, and which is in print, he es.
.presses hist Confidence that tl4 United States
government would sanction Ins course ; but,
if it should' not, he was prepnred to resign his
commission:
• With - one hundred and siXty riflemen - he,
now started from Sonoma in; search of Cas
tro,
.was entrenched sout;hotthe bay, at,
Santa Clara. On the-19th ofJuly; beingon
his way:- he' learned that Cdmitiodore Shoat
had taken possession of Monterey on the
7th ; 'from 'whleti he thought 'ivar had• begun
between Mexico • and the United States.—
lie therefore inirtiedintely Pulled down the
Bear flag, and raised the stripes and stars.,.
CsnionOdore Sloat was actin(' under orders
received.,the year betbee front the Navy 'Do
parttnent, the Secretary, (Bancroft) having di- ‘.
rected that as - soon as he I?: ne war was, de:
dared against Mexico , he sh l puld take pos'ses
sion of .CalitOrnia. Hearing of the . exploits
of Captain Fremont in the north,he sap osed
he tnusL' be acting' underorders from the
government. This appeared from his own
lettees.to Captain Montgorriery,. in which he
expressed a hope Athat: Fremont_ would ap
prove of what they were 4bout to do,, and`
join them. Captain - ,Mont,ttomery, nt Sloat's
brOet', -. took possession of lerlia Buena (now
San Francisco) at once hiiisting the United .
"States flag% without opposi,tion. in the public
square. Commcdoei.i. Sloat.) the same time,
wrote' to Captain Fremont' - telling.him What•
he hail done, and-requesting his co-operation;:
in conseqpinee cf which, Capttiin Fremont,
forthwith proceeded to Monterey, and put
himself and:hiS riflemen tinder gloat'S cum
in:lml ; but told him at the • same • time that
be hid no orders from Washington, but had
itered - on bill own responsibility.
Coininodore Sloat was -1. 111, (he had already
Asked 'leave of.absenee .ott that account,) and
he was worried by this cianmunication.
therefbre very - gladly. rest i gned • his. emit mand
to'Cummodore . Stockton4Who _derived at this
moment (JO)y. 23d) to relieve him.'
Commodore Stoekton, l firiding the state .of
the affair, hag 'no hesitaqOn about continuing
the conquest of California; and to Comirio.
dore Sktt's proclamation, which had prem.;
ised theconquered, under the protection :of
theAThited States, a better government than
Mexico had ever given them, he • added
other, threatening war than any one who
should mOlest . AmericanC citizens.: Captain
Freinont and Lient..Gi4e;pie were both, by
their own appointments wiper government,
hulepertient of Corn.. Stockton, and .Fremont
maritally was, - by the p i t-pular - voice; at the
head of affairs. But hcith. of thein, without
hesitation, with their-one hundred and sixty
riflemen, put thernselv4 under Stocktun,and
frem' this moment obeyed him. implici,tly';
having no other interest but that of the trnit
ed States: The victory on the plains of Sa
linas soon followed. '
pn the 25.. h ofJulyrpt. -Freniont died
from Monterey in the syene, in order to in
tercept the retreating eneral, Castro; Cas.'
tro and Gov.. Pico.didjnckt, however, dare to
encounter him, but fled across the desert to
mnera, more than two hundred miles ! Capt.
Fremont and Corn. ;Stockton then joined
their forces and marched to LoS Angelos,the
capital of California, and took possession .of
it without opposition-1 On the .V. 4.1 of Aug.
California was in - the jundisPuted possession
of the United States. 1 • • -
Two days after, (the 2411)) VremOnt, was
appointed military connnandant of the Ter
ritory by Commodore &baton, who eharg
vd him to enlist a sufficient force to garrison
the country.; On the ; 2S he wrote to the
government, as well as to Maj. Fremont,that
he intended to appoint him Governor. This
despatch, with others; President Polk, in his
annual message of 11 , 10, laid before Congress
with these words Our squadron -in the
Pacific, with the assrstanee of - a gallant offi-,
sir of the army,* lied a small force hastily
- collected in that distant country, haVeAcquir.
ed bloodless poisession of Calitootria."
It is important to remark', that two days
after Corn. Stoat toOk possession' of. Mont
erey, the British Adiniral,' Seymour, haduir,..
'rived ; and
,had', tick not found the United
Stites flag floatingat Monterey,he would have'
planted 'the - British.' - Maj. Freniont found in .
the archives a . theigovernment ai Loa tinge
los, business papers, showing that the luis
siOu had been, burryd/y sold to Britbh pur
chasers at the very, time he was fortifying
himself at first ; arOthat an Irish priest (Me-
Neinara)"wai in treaty for the - whole beauti
ful,valleyofJoachim, which was to be 'set
tled ..by ".0 lrishicolony, under-British•pro
tedion, ,The papers are all_ in print: AS
Coro, Skutt had dOtermiind to , take' Mente
reit, it hearing of captain Frinforit's explOits,
and Cont Stockton, when
,he 'arrived, was
still , ignorant of the beginning of the Istexican
war, but acted oaltbe success , whieb bid al.
ready been obtaied, it is plain that Captain
Fremont was in every-, sense the person to
whotn the llnitedlStntes 0143 the possession
'of Oifitirn in.' - ,
- BLit's!! itlig'll4 done yet. Art Murree
beer beokokait in the south of Nlifinviksovitt — •
after trajor-Freinont, left( Los Angelus - the
(apart) , 1 011 at onCe realizlnoltat,,_lo point of
nun - der% • alittle one had crushed :
tude With hie verb mall
*Meaning Col, bons. •
IMME!
- .4.9N - 49 . 5E; - ,T.4Ti 5,1.4Y_JUy.',...3;185'.k:_i,'--1
-a ~it::
/.;-~ — Tsr~.
----
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. - .
garrison was then , Obliged to 'te 4 tire ' tollon.!
terey ; and Major Iftemont --ins,teatia being,
able to go . 14:1 Sap. k ' raneifte -01..thei 2411 t of
October, as Corn. Stockto n? .
~ ordered nim to_
46; to be installed GovernOr, Went into : the
valley of the Sacramento to enlist an ariny
.to•suppre.sr the littaurrectiOn.:i'ACtiA mo,
ment Generak - Kearney artivid.J t - Ziff/officer
on the .breaking out of the; exican . war, , hed
been ordered.' by , the governMent '..tcf".leave
Fort Leavenworth, Where 'he "Was stationed,
and go and COnqUer New; Isl<ixico; then to
proceed to California,conquerj it, organize a
government for it, and hinself take the of
ace of-governor:: Be had blvely executed
the first part of' thesc.:instru ions, and was
1
proceeding to California; ,wh tt . he . met, the
celebrated trapper, .Kit 'Car - 0
rt, ' With - the
despatches-from Com: StOckt i n 'Ali the
goy
eminent, announcing-the con quest of ofCali
-- i
f.irnia.. lle,sent-on his.dispa ches by anoth
er-person,.and ret a ined- - Cars n as guide, on
4ecount of.his c:xperiezpe ;in t ie Indian coun
try.
.. It was not .until . after the i surrection .had
broken out that he iirrivi inlifornia,wben
i tt
he.enconntered the enetnv, th shed with their
first success of driving Lie.iit. Gillespie-from
.Los Atigelos to Monterey. e had a .battle
.with them at San . Pasqual; i which eighteen'
of his . men . fell and ras many ore were. woun
ded. Ile then wrote that he waa.entrenched
on •a rocky eminence : near Sait'Pasqual, stir
roUnded by the. enemy. ; Coin Stockton sent '
Lieutenant Gray, rith tWohundred and fifty
men,..to his relief, and, on their approacb;the:
beSiegers abandoned the field, and loft the
relief party to return,.unmo.ested "With 'Gen.
Ke4r»ey and his clragoOns. Pren.. Kearney
then &anmunicated to Corn
i. Stockton his in
structions from the goVernment ; . but 'QOM.
Stockton did not feet him s elf:compelled to
give up the . chief .comma4d, especially 'as
the spirit ofthe instrliefions i seemed .to be,
that tho -conqueror of Ctilifornia should be its
governor. Gen Kearney did not insist, but
placed himself winder Stoeton's l,;n command,
and his dragoons helped to, ke up his force
:of six hundred men, who jolned Fremont and
• -' ered Los Angelos,after-the victory of San
Gabriel, and one still more •emarkableon the
plains of Meza where the Americans, drawn
up in a small acre,r phalanx like, conquered
the Spanish Californians," whose onset, hoW
eVer, with the finest - cavalry in the world,
was 'very brilliant.
With - a small body? tit jmen, Major . Fre
mont afterwards enibarked,:' according to
Com Stoekton's Ordera, for Santa Barbara;.
kut on his way, hearing ;that, in all South
California, only San Diego was left in. the
hands .of the Ariterlcan. and that no her
seti coul4:be'prOcuredthe-e, he returned to
Monterey, to mount his men and March over
land. Ife arrived October' 27th, and was
.agre.eably'surfilised to learn' that the Presi
dent had appointed him .Lieut. Colonel in the
United States army. It yeas unsolicited by
him, or by any of 'hid friends - end it sanc
tioned - all he had don n e atm ihe first. Ole
had done - it with solittlea4surance of being
approved by government—though he hoped
his country would batr.i.lint out—that he bad
sent to Co/.. Benton, witl the account of what
he hid done, a resignati n of his commission,.
to be given in if tbe; government disapprov
ed.) .
In December, Col. Fr wont, at the bead of
four : hundred mounted- ien, commented. his
.march southward,,and on his way „ surinised
''' , and 'took possessionof-San Loins - Ovispo,
where he found Dolt Jestig Pico who had been
made prisoner on the piainii of Salinas, but
had broken his•parOle, =nd was at , the ' head
' otthe insurrection v. • .
Ile was . fried by a urt martial and con
demned to death. but Wam pardoned by Col.
Fremont--a wise aei, by whiA he was at
tached to the. latter for ever after, in-fuithfut
service; and the hearts ,}of his friends. among
whom was the Governer, Pico, were won.--
Col. Fremont, "being Satisfied," as he wrote
to Col. Benton, in another private letter,
that it was a great national measure to
unite Cal itionia to the nion, as a sister &ate,
by a .voluntary .expression of the popular
proCeeded with great wisdom and for
bearance, and marched all the way ,o Los
Angelos, four hundredlmiles, without spilling
a drop Of blood, but conquering a peace"
by clemency and :plume.
At Couenga he found the enemy in. large
force, and sent word them to lay down
their arms. They demanded a conference.
In co!riparty with his new friend, Don Jesus
Pico,'he- went to their :camp alone, end found
them ready
_to j capitulate. Terms were
agreed upon, that were subsequently sena'
Noted. by Commodote Stockton.; 'and later,
by. the United States. Ample testimony:
proved the popularity!a Col. Fremont among.
the native as well / as, American Californiiinsii
from this moment. But the dispute eon,:
corning the, chief command,. between General
Kearney and CoMmodore Stockton, predated ,
difficulties. The dayi after 'Colonel Fremonij
was installed governor, general Kearney
and Comitmdore Stoekton gave him exactly+
contradictory orders respecting the organizai
Lion of. ttle California corps. It was an at.*
tempt on the part of General Kearney to try
the question of relative power with Comp
Stockton, and does not; seem to have originii.
ted in any to l Colouel Fremont ;"'Gelf
era! Kearney expressing to Colonel-Busse%
at the,same ate, that be shouldmako CoNt
nel Fremont governor, if he had the chief
vuilmOd.'
• ' (Wend- Fremon replied" to his order hi
writing, that if he and Commodore Stocktob
would :.agree between themselves :which Wig
the commander in chief,-hiCwould obey *
superior Officer; but until that matter, wits
4ttred, which he bad no power to decido,,te
felt himself obliged to continue - to obey" the
commander under whom the whale war had
beep conducted, ' •
Failing to, obtain from Col. Fretnout - 01
in his plan o putting. Com Stockton in #tit
wrong, Kearney transferred 'his' resentment
to Col. FreMont. this did not clea(ly
-appear until'. Col. Frement bad returned Du.
company with him, to Pert Leavertwottli.
when - be Ordered him to be arrested; trot
charged hint -with! mutiny, disobedience; to
oriiers,and irregnta i r 60 - 1111*t l ;
- ;"A: court -martial was summoned, and: be.
fore kin iris teatitnony, lie attempted vol t *
anon Colonet•Freindlit dishoitorable'clufre;
the defence of Celenel . ' T•ettidnt is be,
'the bOxtatiy.%. The'dneirinrii* . cennalited
the ftrilikare.the*Mltithrkwyiir
in firint.' end the narrative is itielik t ra'
abstract of those'Ratiers..
The court mrartial martialconvicted- Colonel ')Tre,
. - t31 . 4aw:.z,m.. - v : - ,i.:A71:.).;_,: : ..wE.Q,,R50.::
mcint' or every charge - made, and -sentenced
him, to be dismissed the service,: -but in con
sideration of his , patriotic . conduct , and servi
ms, recommended him to the tenient consid
eration of the Executive, '
. ,
.
Mr. Polk` Signed thesentence, with the'ex
presslon of an; opinkm„thati - though,Volonel
.t .l reniant- might • be, according:to Strict Wll.
tury.',etignette,,teclinically guilty , .he bad" de
served 's4i well Of his country, as to he entitled
to, rewardrather than,..piinishnient; and 'ten
dered to him hit siVord,',and the_ high Office
which had.already been, conferred upon
But 4—Fret:l - tont decliii4 lt, and return
ed to, 'Amino, W here: he remained as a pri
vate citizen, ntil elected 0 the Ur. S. Sen. •
ate; an overwhelming 1.:- . ote of the new
State of California. • !
In the interval, Gen. Tayfortad appointed
hisnicominissioner to run the boundary- line
between- MeXlOO and California, which he on
ly held long enough to express , hip' grateful
appreciation of the feeling'frotnwhich - the ap.
pointment had been made:: Gen. l'ity/or had
not agreed' with the sentenced the. Court;
'martial.
N
li&tquestionably, both Cul. Fremont trod'.
CA;rn ») 04,3 orq - Stockton were
.irregylar in 464,
ing what they did, without, knowing that war.
had - comnienced. Tut inspirit
. they .were
acting in obedience e 4 thecountry, a part of
which they 'were. It" is only.. in the 'Malted
States that such .a thing
.Criuld be done... 'lt
offended the army, \bin net the people; and .
Polk, irt his Courtesy to the condemned offie.
er, expressed the Verdiet'd the heart of the
country upon the. whole hearted patriot,,
'Col, Fremont 'made no wild,2 marauding
attempt, tor his oirn purpOses t • but at, the risk
of everything to him Self, took up the cause
of his suffering countrymen, at the mninent
when the only alternative was to leave them
to perish under causeless violence. It is ab
surd to name it.in the same day with the-fil
ibustering - attempts wh4ll have been so rife
-
Row Fremont ion in '47.
From The Eveiting Post.
[The following sketch iff tom the pen of one of the
many who were fascinat4 by the brilliant and dash
ing weer
.of COI. Fremont as the deliverer of Califor.
Ma, and who becanat acquainted with the incidents
he deserlhei upon the spot,epd from the lips of par
tie3..who witnessed-them. They show that Fremont
-made " azood run" once r and will go farlto satigy
those who are open to conviction that he tie It
again.] .
OR, RIDE. OF TilE OSE HUNDRED.
.
.1n the early part of the year 1847 besiness
called to to Alta . California. Having, been
long a resident on the Paeifie coast, and be
ing familiar . with'the language and customs
of the people, I was selected to. effect a largo
Contract of hides for one of our eastern 'firms,
the being nearly; paralyzed.at • the time
b' the war then in progress between our
country and Mexico ; Where a handful of no
ble men were ueenmpiishing deeds which have
given them a place inhistory by - the side of
Leonidas - and his braces.., The California's
lisd become to us a desideratum ; although
their mineral 'wealth still slumbered, waiting
for that enchanter of, modern days, Yankee
-enterprise, their spiendkr harbors, the coritig
nity .of our posiesiona in Oregon, and - their
fiteilitlea for trade with,Chinti, were a
,anffic ,
rint .. • incentive. Commodore Stockton had
- ;
hurried up from Callao in the frigate`.Con
' gressand \ General Kearn6.y had crossed the .
1 plains from the Missouri firer, with a. force
of - armed hunters, for the purpose of faking
4he. country and 'holding - it 'as a gage . for a
atisfiectory treaty: ' • . = • .
-.1 . The native.. Californians, who had long
roitned- beneath the ' imposts =of .' a distant •
Government -, and - Venial Gorernrirs, had
themselves invited Our,overtures , ' ,but a'few
I V their leaders, with a deadly hatred toward
ihe Yankees, and hope of personal :toward
from - Mexico,- were iletsidiniusty endeavoring
to stir the people up to a. revolt-- - -in many,
3eil'es with too greatsuccess. Manuel Castro,
i la wealthy and ,influential
,rancheto noted for. ;
I„liis determined opprsition• to all. Change, and
-'enmity to. the " Gringos," had arranged for;
-an attack on the Pueblo lo 'Angelosi - the ;
.headquarters of Kearney, held by__-'n small
'tore - of marines end . volnnteerS.'•'' His - agents ,
-'; were in all:parts of the country, inflaming the,
inhabitants end urging them to join him. 2,,
By- sonie means hie-plan leaked out. - -.
1 was at this time at the ranch of my phi
friend, General Martinez Vallejo, on • - the'Si.
nomit Creek; - fny companion was, Capt.' t.)--,
who has since espoused one of our liost'S
daughters: „Vallejo wit4:loni3 of the largest
landholders in . California; Owning some sixty
square miles, with forty thousand head of cat
tle and
.a4yeral hundred bories, cattle' and
horses at that tune being. ti.,:inan'a .eVailable
wealth: ' tie , had. ' been formerly .Ifilitary
Governor' Of the - Country,.and:was.coesider e d
fair split by our people, though - in juStice L
must state that he' was kindly "diSpesed
,ta ,
Ward - the Attiericanis. - Ile:house was a enb
-stanfial edifice of two stories, anriounded -by
it corral,: with a' . unit gateway "; the house:
hold. consisted of tne:twentyr . . persons.. ='- t,
•
We had all re red to rest, and Were wrap,
i n
pad in slumber,i .when the'ilond , biteking: of
dogs: and hallooing' of men arouied'ui sudden
ly" frnin our dreanis..-:gspecting an , ' attaek:
froth-the bear .pirty, all rusheit'to' the:court:.
yarii armed as. well as the time permitted,
and :in < iliastumeas.thainostpieturesque,.-• as
primitiveness, Ea r l, usually emunderedso: : -. The
General, sabre in 'hind; memo last;' be - -- 041;
lenged the intrndert.witht .: .-. :', , -z- ,. - -,-,,•••,:! --,
:.` Quienei Ur ;(Wboriti there.)- . ,
~ : z, • -
• : -44n,telicatio.'7... .citnigot, abetu"Si'-ptieitte .
(Ameritainhand fr i ends,-open thegate,) , 'was
the respontie; a{ blOw aticeinpanying the wattle
:that made the. &air . , shakeiagalni i = ; -1 , : ----'-'•-;•=
-:..., The deentud was :perforce -eotnplied ',with ii..
and a band i:ir Koine fifty rneni ',- were' present?
ed -to our iviiiii. Mounted andarrayed, aa tiap-,
pers nridintnters i and . arinedjci , the•-teeth,44.
gtareMotit tutaing:thern,'ort-lehlack:minitingi
wast; - a-strialli , !sinewy4dark-roani - uvidently
• their leader, with - ' an eye like Mars to,threat.
-en and eatruntinti,! a'' countenaneo:expresaive
of the greatest determination
,and a bearing
that, notivithatandinghis rough iiress,stainped
;, him as one
"born do cenimand—to lead;
.This syss7temont. . -.._ ...: .3 :-.3 ., , , ,:f,.... - .. - : 1 . i
'-' I am as officer of tfie'United - SS:w,%'-sitid
1:bo;,,.1 - idn..Oa: niyt.,Way-ict , tUis . ./1**146.4 I
, •
1 _must have horses.'
~. . ,
But—' •,:
Sir.*LlPt 4 o l ba . Ye*pi;Yon
be flowersecr briny Govlnenent.
der yob, t 4 deliver to Oil ' ripen Ittintti-bor,
mayh&ve itr tsartie
Finding remonetrenee Touid be of no avail
Fazx ON T.
IMIEN=I
ER & sisttrritv pußLisHEitivovt 1ti846
• ,1
,FRAZ
an,NaH,jo calleti his vaqueros
_r#gioskie direetionc hL the
v Mend D— ;nada himself
emtifii, H tutying met hitn.,in Wash
with such
ata gavq tt
meanwhile
. .
known_ to
+. l= hat , * i
to attack
reach there ,
cirinotion of tisstro' intention
AngeloL. tuive:relt--411W'to
,the,eutbrettic' forAnst
%Nes; fur I snitst..,be ft -the
, d . ..
nee these
death.' '
**
' Bat thadistinee';'Slihundridnilles,"itaid
,
, 'I shalt-do. it; he_ replied, and turned away
to super Vise his arrangemente..,•. •
,fn halt a 4 hour they i d,,i.parted, as uneere
-moniously 4 they clime, taking with them
-some three hundred horses, and leaving in;
astounded i t
this raid,: to wonder if we were
yet awake, or whether it was an unsubstan
tial dream
4 1023' di bins,' exelaimed tha.deperal,!they
have even taken my . wife's saddle-hOrser, so
thorougly ad Fremont 's lieutenant eXecuted.
his older. - _ , . '-
[ . Froth- soma to Yerba•l3iliena,' :the little
r.hamtet w ere now stands the queen city di
the'Pacifi San Francisco, he augmented:his
"stock to the number of fifteen hundred, cam!
,pletelY clearing the coUntry• ' and then conn- 1
menced ape of the most pecu liar i races fora
AV everi probably known. Barely pulling._
bridle to devour a , steak cut from the quarter
of a sea r dead bullock; driving before them'
`their sae horses--:-on, on they went. The`
roads, at till times'bad, - at this season , were
l
_ horrible-I -My miles being s hard'-day's jour.;
1 ney even ,for, 4aliforniarn : ' - 0 . - -
As, th it e4kutustad beaats dro pped under'
them th e& tare ollihe saddlesi and, placing
them on other%, hurried - on, leaving the poor.
animals to•be devoured by the
,cayotes,- Or
recover, as chance migitkrinettbout: Ever
at the had,: the last todismount„, and the first
to leap • to the saddle was tbis mountaineer,.
this co panion of
,Kit carson l this pioneer
t i t
of empi ! Premont I Rarely speaking but
to urge to n his men, or, to question Some pas: ,
sing' na tive ; taking the smallest modicum of
refresh eat, and watching while others
snatch a moment's repose, was he wrapped
Up in h s project ; and determined to have some
of the
.g/it. . . ;
Thr ugh San Pablo, and hfontetty, and
Joseph they dashed like the phantom riders
of the tlertx Mountains, startling the inhabi
tantslnd making the night-watcher cross
I himse iii terror as their band dew on. The
1 River Saerifielos was reached; swollen by
the rai ?. it rolled on; a rapid, rriuddv stream •
1 his m n paused. • ' : •
'l' rward, forward !"cried he, end dashed
in hi self; the struggle was .a fierce one,but
his ga lent inustang breasts , the current, and
he re ches the opposite shore in safety ; his
men fter a time join him, two brave fellows ,
findin: a watery grave, and many horses be.
fug ‘- rriad down the stream ; but nothing
eau . iv stop him—the' bights adjacent to the
Pueb a appear—now a smile might be seen
On th implacable visage of: -the leader—'tis
the s xth day and the goat is won ! _
' ith' ninety men oti• the last of his ,cara
van G f horses ' be fell like' a thunderbolt on
the rof the .41exieans. i The day was with
the ; thelittle band,af stout - hearts guard
ing ;he presidio, taken by surprise, and not
having the advantage of the Mexicans in re,
gard to hories, were beginning to waver.—
Buteer up, cheer again—succor is at hand.
,I,
On me those riders =of Fremont—nothifig
canithstand their - shock:. With shouts of
; trio ph they change the b a ttle, -t o a rout—
!Th e/d ii teen ! . I s 1
i
e rout was a . cotnplete one ; and had
,not remont's ,men been utterly- exhausted,
:non would have: escaped. So ended the
Ri of the One•Hundred,', • •-
,• ,
1
t ! would state that, the Governmen t , with /
- the' usual speed in such matterk; palselv t in
ap ' priation to salary . General.Vall* and
t
oth a r a s g, t a lir n t ro he a i d r e lo a ss s e t s, an sfix d,
a y t ee th r e s , afi san er.' l, - aseal,
his put a virtual end to the war, - fur rho'
Ided by Pico, still key were, dispirited,
Gen. Kearney withAis,rnotinted men de
ted them with great loss. The governor
iof the country bab t . decided,. which had
g been a source of trunble between Kear
io
y, Stockton and Mason, , affairs became
re settled, and the American
_force, now
a a ,
ely anotriented was placed on stich a
ting as to, soon I crush the head of rank re
lion, and- Pico and Castro fled to the low
country, to fight. for a ante longer. against
citable- fate. . -
' MrThe young adventurer
.(Fremont)
in: y be a hero, but compare him, with -the
tr ed statesman Buchanal 'l-Springfield Ar
gus., -
Wpll let U-4 " compare him !" Every
sqhool boy knows what - Faistowoas• done
irf r his country, Hie name 14-ini*lgably
nnected roost,
with the stirring incidents in
o . nation's history. He bStit - - only: partieiiii:
in great aehievments, bat, he accoraplish:
What hes. Buchanan:ever dints? . '/*-1047,!P
-sed*the War of 1812, r and villamotisly'li:
fled every honorable name bintneeted with
i lie was a member-or the:Penneylvaniti
egislatore,and--,ollted !. -Hewes a United
tratated Senator, an,d- , 7 dreW eight - depara a
fiy train the. Treasery ! He was Sueretary.
- Statc,•und-l-survendered the-disputed ter=
itory in Oregon to Great Britain ! • Ile iris
ister to itaisia, and--ipocketed $36,0001
c w 45 the American_ Aintlatvador._ at ,
ni Si.
as and.- 7 -eame , julae z ivit4 .a. weil l filled
nra e , leaving every question inAispute l• lte.
' ail the two co tries - unsettled I'; ge has
artiaipated'l in-merdy intriortint disenseic4
but be never brought anything to a practical
fres* to -s-. - '1.4. .. "-: , : -;., -,
A the Argue rwitubs-it more: ePP4lfili, ",.corn-
, intrison" it can have it.--=4115,E.-srourtiaiv.
,!-Xtut_Vmz ot•' Latteatrriat Oemmr. - -;Thit
frielldS or: Mr. Buchanan have ant abroad
thit boast that he will. have six, thonaaid-ma
ii°llti ta , .this county.!, APd ticoi.or.theut
ire the bump or hope It6 - 40,e4oitalf di.
ietoped as to - credit enekiiresunititiCie herd:
last*
of "six:thottishtimajority; foittachati:
au) ,c , c6 w . 4i bc- Vele- than AtiretiAousoad
ogatris‘ kin
i n this oounty, 4 , Mark the pre
&thin:, No' one anqUamted` with. Oldie
opinion' in We iouilq, 1504)a - it less,: 0:a
owl lirobitatty4iNtit - itWilt`be
much more.
:140 14 0 11 " Wilii6.4':.l)''
l'ovldt:nde ,
°urns iloyi4;;3 es
, 1
an
virticliYm stairs 41:4 - 441oiii
~,!IfillereafttaN and tilt , Ahlk,qubsiti*
Ithere,l4o , - 'wet thipt tWieptuiy„ the
Kai*, era &sm eto bir , pliniattoti :ti'ftioar
South
=
.
MMM
Wet/ tittiVoßto7-*Yert.- =
The :4 tear Oonfereque_lttold ° : r,
1854, by
.Messrs.;. Briuttaw,li .tsetue cern/
Souce, then Ministers et., tomato, Pt
tiS•alla liaa 4 wlli t he'riimiltitevidhyAt
readers. The,o,lijeet-i'ut the'
session of Wai l -for the Isetpme of, Prat
ing the erniuteipaths'er-thigliiiie to-tha.
land; ',Oak . vilttethenLimfeltlitatiWKetet'
strengthen the—rmWerpar'lgleare la
South. To,, aid this purehese a kuumifietty
drawn up, by,Xr. ilachithini4fid3Ointir
ed by. thithree - ministek eiblet:i took*
as bold a* Waseasumed by -eveiy fresk
or " land -pilules," wito , had.resolsed-al
possession And pinifderiin. anyi Att
world. 'The ; failoWing important
from the Manifesto, will , he-reett
est at the present-time:
" .But if Spain, deem thatmoidttoiliet.:o)
interAst, and'actuatid lireinatsP,
a fulSe sense of honortahionlo.,7l
Cuba to the United Statesiithe.4(*iim—
arise,:whatought to be thee=
American: Governmentundetpittielf, *MO
stances -I 'Self-preservaticM
nature with 'States as well es .1014 4 14., / ,
All nations: base at d Arent- W'L
upon this maxim. . slitthts4rit.llo.
made the, -pratext. for cointtiitting - darr
justice, es'in partition
er - taits..whiefflnatOty,
the prinelple - ,itiel4illattg,.ottettihnsed.,
always been recognised: ....
"ThiVnited States,tiektfeit
foofof
es .10 the ease of „Team, uti0n..4140
untarrepplicition.oititSpeopleof that
pendentiliiitate,who tt.,_
tides with our - 1\44..*1._ *null
from Mexico are no OtetiPtUths' to.this,
because, although ":we- might, have cit
them by right of cobiliiitiln tt.just . *
-we purchased them` fot. What wits#4.
ered . by 'both perties , folleniXiinplS
ajent. Our> past:'liistory, forbid* id
should acquire the Islind "withouttluirk
of Spaic, unkas jsterule . d by ; the grectu l
self-Preee!TO,4ol. 4.) any
preserve our own :inelons,reetituds- ,
I own seltrespect. While' pursnit.
couree-we can afford to disregard
survi of the world,"to which-we htivil
often. and ,unjustly.expOsed.
.4 After we shall have offered Spillai
_
for Cuba far beyond its present,vtd
this Mall have been refused, it will j
I time to consider the question` " }Foes'
the possession of Spain serionily'
our internal peace sad AK, esistentiel
beloved Union? Should' this
answered in the affirmative, 11144.
(ow, human and. Divine, we• shall 6$
yn wresting it from Spain, if we pOv
porta , . And this uporthe - very sah
aplezhat would justify en - individut
ing-down the burning house ot his
if there , were no other means of pi
the flames from destroying - his own
•
_Under such circumstances, we out
er to count . the cosi, nor . teerd
which Spain . Might enlist are*
forbear- to enter into the questk
de present condition 'of the4slandA
tify such a measure.We should
be recreant to duty,L4 7 : , :be, oriwol
.ialiant-fbrefathers, and commit
against posterity, should we 4tenitil
be Afrietinized and become
mingo, with all its attendant- hi
white, race and Buffet the llama tOI
our neighborinishoros, seriously ti
or actually to consume the; rah. fi
Union". We'fear that'thevintise
of events are rapidly tending teivitin.
'catastrophe. 'store.
. -1 4-01414
POURB
citx
.
tft Ceftiott.uf, 04;181
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11, .1
EXTIdOiDINARi" -- ,SCIMiI "/N A
remarkable scene oecurreden on'
Protestant golleopal Church of
at, thecorper. of Fifteenth and:.
Phibulelphia. In spite4af the lul
the *eather, a tame coitgregatiopi
bled - to listen to:a-discourse by
Rev.' Dudley A. Tyng;.npon de
." Our -Country's Troubles." - '
nouneement that,sitch &sermon
livered bad cadged. a -sensatioa,
'nomination has , generaq 4
the introduction " of politics In
aild the Rector of 1 the,Eplphari'
Ifmely avbided all ttferettcaW '
'cal' question& ' i - ~," - ',, .
Having selected an apOr:Opri
Tyng gnvo his reasons for int
übject in the ratliitt, and thei p
a strain of 'bold -Ooquence, to.!
outrages in Kan* and at . We
sigrressions oftheishr
ot#orthc4n politiOisk
run - o€ slave breeding,
ing' the congriattciti 1
.itg freetnen atith&W,
gross, of, the nvanSter
outraged einigrstnts ,
was, very, eloquent, 6 , 1 1%
attention front the elir
ti! theniiiiiiiiiillteidi -
bieiedinglrfrhen:br ;
a cburigrAtarden,l•arose
Pf: Abe 08 11 34 Outel'
*ileinn Protirit-Pgair*
Platiat4 - day . bliaaali e ,
er''eantintied ilia aim*
the ioterroOtiiioirtild4t
lioggestet -to the' eat
4 11 1.fObioetiplute
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whigh s .bact.ttsei4onn
liath'iliettia - ihrirPculd
thoplace fur the tit4ol
tity#44l4 - t -,11*)1111,101
timopiatiiive *NoR
itriatie haoltior44o
I .tats" i"#!.iibitit
wren& hei Aril ) * 10 1 pe*,
iniuhiter of Jesus Christi -
I
seri *
Mu yO,ive upuktlisiest Oti
',' dal! , r i ck 144 etc te*l34
.tetnier thrcAt Riot. the *,
close id' thi ' iiitebie
jea 'cifigetito .- .. ise4sotde'.
gr?ut* r f Same oomittdot
.9 1 0. 1 9 -0 400 4 sti ' dbo w l
#l(mi • isiettiiiti. iyhi* - .4.44
*ron# Of ifoolew . gkors
iiis'aiti4fAiti:the stitir 4 #
thwitittiatiOil orthet topf"
J
Im- . 4-414 Pia*
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ne xt Noversibie Ike Aik :11,
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