8
l)e SKtM0, 'Nero: BloonifidlvtJa.
Perry County Teachers' Institute.
Pursuant to call of the County Super
intendent, the Perry County Teachers'
Aunual Institute convened In New
Bloomfleld, Dec, 1st at 1 o'clock p. M.
President in chair.
Prayer by S. JS. Buck.
N. ot Teachers enrolled 111.
After the opening, preliminary re
marks by the President, the Institute
proceeded to organize
Prof. II. B. Zimmerman was elected
Vice Presideut and Messrs. G. D. Owen
and II. J. Secrlst, Secretaries.
Time of opening and closing the ses
sions of the Institute was then fixed.
Forenoon session open at 9 and closo
at 12.
Afternoon session open at 1 and close
at 4.
Evening session to commence at 7j.
. Discussion of Queries. How enn dis
cussions be conducted that the delibera
tions of the Institute will result in the
expressions ot'dullnite conclusions in re
gard to the superiority of methods and
expedients for the advancement of the
interest of Common Schools ? Remarks
by Mr. W. E. Baker and the President.
How can tho Alphabet best be taught V
Discussed by a large number of teach
ers with considerable interest.
A report and discussion oi English
Grammar by Prof. II. B. Zimmerman,
teacher of Newport High School, clearly
showing tho simplicity ot teaching it,
and demonstrating it by a number of
sentences.
A discussion on English Grammar en
sued by S. E. Buck, Prof. Zimmerman,
S. B. Fahncstock, Mr. Dumm and Mr.
Soule.
How can we inspire an interest in the
pupils to study Grammar ?
Discussed by several of the teachers.
Institute adjourned at 4 o'clock r. M.,
to meet at half past seven.
EVENING SESSION.
President in chair.
Institute opened with music by tho
Bloomfleld Brass Band.
Report on Reading by S. B. Fahnes
tock. Ho suggested excellent ideas,
which would be well for teachers to car
ry homo, digest, aud practice in their
Bchools.
An Essay by Mies Mary Sweeney,
subject : " Woman's Sido ot the Question."
A lecture bv Prof. Kane. Sunt, of
York County, subject: What Next?
Adjourned.
Tuesday, forenoou session was opened
with prayer by Prof. Kane.
' The discussion of referred questions
was then taken up.
How do we obuin Knowledge? Open
ed by S. B. FahnestocK.
When should a pupil commence to
read ? Opened by W. A. Blain, follow
ed by Messrs. Jiailcy ana iJUCK.
IIo shull we leach the alphabet ?
Discussed bv W. E. Baker.
Are we aiming at thorough instruc
tion in our schools? Answered Dy ii
D. Stewart.
Messrs. Magee and Smiley were ap
pointed to juperinteud the election of a
committee on Permanent Certificates.
Music, entitled ' Little Birdie in the
tree," conducted Dy Mr. woourun.
i Reoort on History bv J. S. Campbell
of Newport. Muotc, entitled "Fair as
tho morning."
A lecture on Geography by Prof.
Kane.
A series of lectures was then introduc
ed bv Mr. Woodruff. The first one en
titled, "the Teauhers' power in gov
erning his pupils." , Adjourned.
afternoon session.
Presideut in chair. ' ' '
Discussion of referred questions. -
; Is it desirable to have any other
branches on the Provisional Certificate ?
Referred to II. B. Zimmerman fol
lowed by Messrs. Baker, Woodruff,
Tressler, and the President.
Resolved, bv a maioiity of the teach'
ers that vocal music be inserted as a
branch on the Teacher's Provisional
Certificate.
Should parents be compelled to send
their children to school ? Answered by
Miss Nicholson.
Resolved, that Education should be
compulsory. The resolution was warm
ly discussed. Question called for, and,
with but oue dissenting voice,, voted
nay.
llow can wo acquire a correct knowl
edge of punctuation ? Referred to Mr.
Hibbs, followed by Messrs. Zimmerman,
Woodruff and Kane.
Election of committee on Permanent
Certificates : G. C. Palm, S. B. Palmes
tock, J. S. Campbell, W. E. Baker, Sue
11. Myers, Uommiuee.
Music : "Swinging 'neath the Old Ap
pletree ;" in which there was a lively in
terest manifested by the teachers gener
ally. Next recitations : " Mother'o Fool"
and "Rousing Smack in School," by
Morris Thurston, ot .Newport.
Mr. Woodruff again resumed bis sub
' ject which was interesting and instruct
ive.
Vocal music.
A lecture on Orthography by Prof.
Kane.
Discussions again resumed..
What should be our first lesson in Ge
ographv ? Referred to Mr. Glenn, fol
lowed by Profs. Kane and Woodruff aud
Mr. Rico.
Institute adjourned to meet at 7
o'clock.
evening session.
President in chair. Music by the Band.
Report on Aritbmetio by 11. JJ. blew
art et Tyrone township.
Musio by the Band.
1 Lecture, the " Common School," at
an iSducatoi, ny i'rot. 11. u. Zimmer
man. The lecture was lengthy and in
structlve.
Music bv tke Band.
Report on Ichthyology by Prof. Wright,
snowed thought in us preparation.
Report on Botany by W. E. Baker,
The report was grand and met tho
ueaity appl.use oi a run house.
Music by the Band. Adjourned.
, iWEDXEbDAY, FORENOON SESSION.
President in chair.
Onenina exercises, rpailircr nf the flOLh
Psalm, and prayer by Prof. Kane.
J. lie discussion of Uuerios nealn re
sumed. Is it kroner to speak of a beau
tiful sound ? Answered affirmatively by
Miss Lauver. And afterwards discussed
with interest.
What should teachers read ? Refer
red to Jas. P. Long, and disuussed gen
erally. Should tho scriptures be read in the
common schools, and how should the ex
ercises be conducted ? Referred to J. S.
Schcoder. '.
Where Is the lowest point known to
us? Refoired to W. E. Baker. After
which the Presideut announced a few
referred questions.
itenort ot committee on Permanent
Certificates.
Tlio committee passed and reported
the following resolutions :
Resolved, That any teacher desiring to
apply for Permanent Certificate, shall
appear before tho committee at such
time and place as shall bo made known,
and give such evidence of his qualifica
tions as they may desire.
A resolution was ollercd to elect a crit
ic, carried, and Mr. Woodruff was duly
elected.
Music and an entertaiuiug drill exer
cise A lecture on the subject ot bound
by Prof. Brenneman of Lancaster, dem
onstrated by interesting nnd useful ex
periments. M 11810.
The referred question, . Why was tho
dividing lino between the Eastern nnd
Western Hemispheres placed whero it
is ? was opened by S. Ii. Fahncstock,
and discussed by others. .
The President announced the pro
gramme for tho afternoon sessiou and
the Institute adjourned.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Presideut in chair.
The discussion of queries resumed.
How can teachers best secure the co
operation of parents ? Referred to and
nnswered by Miss Laura Liggett.
bhould corporal punishment ho dis
pensed with ? Referred to Miss M. Ella
Dromgold, and discussed by the teach
ers. Should whispering Le prohibited iu
school ? The question was warmly dis
cussed by the teachers.
V lint aro the evidences oi the internal
heat of the earth ? Answered by Sam
uel Bri"'s.
Would it be preferable to use charac
ter notes ? Discussed and continued.
Music, cheerfully participated iu.
A lecture on Oral Grammar, by Mr.
McNeal, fc'up't of Huntingdon county,
was delivered, showing its advantages.
Iustrumenlal music.
An experiment and lecture on light, by
Prof. Brenneman, in which much inter
est was evinced by the audience.
Report of critic showed the well ful
fillment of his otlice.
EVENING SESSION
Prof. Brenneman gave a locture on
Chemical science, giving many experi
ments which showed his ability in his
profession. Music during the evening
by the Bloomfleld Brass Band.
THURSDAY, FORENOON SESSION.
Opened with prayer by Mr. Comp.
Discussiou of queries.
To what extent shauld nunils be tauirlit
written spelling ? Referred to and an
swered by Miss C. A. Kesor ; after
which it was discussed by Messrs. boule,
Kerr and Palm. The President then in
troduced Prof. Geo. P. Beard, Principal
of the Cumberland Valley State Normal
School, who delivered a very appropriate
address to the teachers. Vocal and in
strumental music. Directors were call'
cd to meet in separate session in the
Jury-room. , ,. .
Discussion ot veierreu questions. -Should
pupiU be kept in for miscon
duct or. unprepared lessons ? Answered
negatively by Miss Sophie Owen, and
discussed with lively interest.
Should composition bo taught in our
schools, and it so, : fa what manner r
Opened by Isaiah Stephens.
How can we induce pupils to love
study? Keierred to Mr. woodrun and
satisfactorily answered by him.
Is it proper to say Ohio is bounded by
Jake .trie on the norm r Answereu ty
W. T. Smith.
After being warmly discussed, the
question on motion, was indefinitely
postponed.
Report on spelling contest of 50 words
by Mr. Woodruff showed J. W. Soule
best speller, having missed but 4 words.
A few remarks aud tho institute ad
journed. AFTERNOON SESSION.
President in chair. '
First in order reading of the minutes.
A few corrections, aud the minutes were
adopted. Mr. McNeal resumed his tub-
iect Oral Grammar.
He showed clearly that Oral Grammar
could be taught to better advantage than
written, and warmly advocated a trial
on the teachers' part.
Song entitled "Swing low, Sweet
Charity," by Mr. Woodruff. After
which Mr. Woodrull again resumed hit
tubject. Hit varied questions brought
out the ideas of many teachers. The
object aud the best manner of conducting
the recitation was careiuuy coniiuereu,
and the' attentivcuest with which the
audience listened showed their hearty
approval of the manner in which tho
subject wat conducted.
Next, a few pointed remarks on musio
Dy Mr. woodrun, ana vocal exercise.
Tho discussion of queries resumed.
Should higher Arithmetic be taught
before ueometry r 1 ltoierred to (jr. (J,
Palm, who replied in the negative,
What basla'havu we for Inflections in
reading and speaking? . Ileleirea to Mr,
Baily. Mr. Edgar answered that all
positive questions and complete thoughts
take the fulliug inflection, all ptgative
ideal and incomplete thought the rising
inflection.
It the water of Icebergs salt or fresh ?
Referred to Eliat Shuman, discussed by
teachers aud pronounced fresh.
Is there proof of an open Polar 8na ?
Referred to and aoswored affirmatively
V... IT 11 VtM ..
uy ii. j .LMiuiueriuau.
bhould religious meetinst be held in
school-houses ? Referred to and an
swered negatively by Wm. A. Blaine.
ought woman's wages be less than
man's merely because the is a woman ?
Roferred to and answered affirmatively
Dy Mr. vveodiuii. Att.erwards discussed
by Messrs. Edgar, Decker and Baker.
Should ioraale teachers receive the
same compensation as male teachers for
similar services ? Voted affirmatively.
iiemarics Dy the rrcsident.
Institute adjourned to meet at 7
o'clock.
. . EVENING SESSION.. ,
A lecture by E. P. Titzel. Sect'y. of
Millerstown school board, subject Ven
tilation. He showed by illustration, the
effect produced on lighted candles, and
even extinguished them by means of foul
air, asserting that the same effect will be
produced on human beings placed in
similar circumstances. Urging proper
ventilation as the best means to preserve
health.
A lecturo on music by W. E. Baker,
in which he showed the benefits derived
from having it taught in school.
A lecturo by W. W. Woodruff sub
ject, " Success aud Failure."
Music by the Bloomfleld Band. Ad
journed.
FRIDAY, FORENOON SESSION.
Institute opened by reading the COth
Psalm, and prayer by Prof. Zimmerman.
. Explanatory remarks in regard to the
teachers' School Reports by tho Presi
dent.
A lecturo on the methods of teaching
elementary composition, by Sup't. Mc
Neal. Music, vocal and instrumental.
Mr. Woodruff again resumed his sub
ject, the Methods of conducting
Schools, answering mauy questions.
llie lollowing resolution was olfcred
by S. B. FahncBtock, and was unani
mously adopted.
Jtcsolved, That we, appreciating tho
very able instruction imparled and ex
cellent entertainment given by all who
have given instruction, during this their
visit to Perry County Teachers' Insti
tute, lender thetn our grateful thanks,
and trust their future labors in the cause
ot education may be crowned with en
tire 8UCCC88.
Report of committee on resolutions.
The following resolutions were read
and adopted :
Iiesolred, That we recommend the organiza
tion of Teachers' District Institutes, to meet
monthly.
Jietolced, That we recommend the adoption
throughout the State of a uniform standard
for grading the Provisional Certificates.
Iiemlved, That men of learning, who - are at
the time eminent educators, should bo procur
ed by law to select text books for the whole
State.
Jitmolved, That those Teachers who do not
attend tho Institute under present laws, man
ifest a parslmoiiiousness and lack of zeal
which deserve censure from all friends of Ed
ucation. lieto'ved, That Teachers, Directors, Tarents
and nil interested, be urged to visit schools
more frequently.
S. B FAHNESTOCK,
J.S. CAMPBELL,
G. C. PALM.
W. E. BAKER,
SUE. M. MVEHS,
Committee.
Remarks by the President. . ...
On motion the reading of minutes was
dispensed with.
Largest number of teachers present
143. '
Remarks bv tho President.
Prayer by Rev. Crawford, and tho In
stitute adjourned sniertie.
G. D. Owen,
H. J. Secrist,
f -y i Secretaries.
Scientific Report read at Ferry
4'ounty Teacher' Iiiatlfute, Dec,
ICIITIIYOLgGY,
BY TOOK. SILAS WRIGHT.
Ichthyology, or the science of the
fishes of Perry county. Thcso may all
be included in the Orders ArMnthojHerygii
those having two dorsal tins, or which
the anterior one has spiny ray, and
Mulacopleri which have all the fin rays
toft aud carlilagenous, except the nrsl
in the dorsal and the first in tho pec
toral.
These orders aro subdivided into Fam
ilies, of which tho Percidae, or perch
Family includes two varieties of sunflsh
the rockfish, the yellowpcrch, and
the yollowpikeperch belong te the order
juat named. .
The Families of the Malacopteri aro
the Silurldae. Ca'.flshes, numbering cer
tainly three species. These- nre dis'.iuo
guished by a naked skin, a mouth beard
ed with long filaments, and a second
fatty dorsal fin. They are also readily
distinguished in eize and color.
Our common brook trout ts the Salmon
fontiiudi of Mitchlll. The Salmonidae
Salmon Family have an adipose tin and
scaly bodies. Rare specimens of the
Clupeldae Herring Jbamiiy have been
caught la the Juniata. ' The Bauridue
are represented in tho common pike.
The A nauilidue Eel Family is repre
sented in the bullheaded eel,. the sharp
nosed eel. and the silver eel which is
rradily distinguished by its white abdo
men. ; ' i i i i ; !
The Lamprey, 'Aniacoetus bicolur It our
final representative ot the cartilaginous
order. The two species are distinguish
ed at the mud lamprey, and a bluish
variety which attaches itself to other
fishes for locomotion. These to far at
known aro not met with elsewhere tbau
in the wateis of the Susquehauua and its
tributaries.
It it believed that fish may be domes
ticated to exhibit all the familiarity of
fowls for their keepors. , .
Observations.
Fish are cold blooded and had their
origin in the Devonian age ot the earth.
They are the oldest of all living things,
and yet we know the least about them
from the fact that tholr element it not
ours. They most nearly" resemble the
fowl creation ia their mode of motion,
living in the water a denser element
than the air their fins are all tho wings
renuirnd fnr tlioir flinhfa Tl.nl r u
are alike in the general plan of f'orrna-
uun uuu usea ior aoout me tame pur
poso as the eyes of birds, to protect them
from sudden attack.
Some of the questions that suggest
themselves to the amateur in the study
of Ichthyology are :
1. At what rate per day do fishes
usually travel during their migrations to
deposit the spawn ?
2. What is the limit of life of the
various species ?
3. Is the eel the product of its own
kind ? , ,
4. Iu what time does the eel attain
mature size ?
' BOTANY,
BY WM. E. BAKER.
Tho Report on Botany embraced an
introduction including the following sub
divisions 1. Botany lends to refinement
inculcating iove for the beautiful. 2.
The value of Botany in dollars and
cents as eviuced by the production of
improved varieties of wheat, fruits, veg
etables, &e, as shown by tho vegeta
bles in manufactures and in the Materia
Medica. 3. What is botany ? Archae
ology of plauts. Plants of the third day.
The Flora of Perry county. , '
The plants embraced in the report
comprised. Two series; Three classes; 93
orders 419 Genera; 4(J2spccios ; 12 varie
ties of which 351 ai t indlgenus, 153, ex
otic; 349, wild; and 155 cultivated. Of
these 354 were examined duriug the
season of 1873. There were 504 plants em
braced in the report.
In addition to these the po'.cn of 48
plants was examined with the following
realms :
1 had triangular pollen,
20 " oval "
6 " elliptical " ' . .
10 " globular "
2 " heath-like "
1 " Pine-like "
1 " very irregular "
1 " globular vate " s
3 '? spined
4 " lobed "
While examining plants several orders
and mauy plants known to abound were
omitted ou account of want of time.
Nearly all tho plants embraced 1n the
report were found withiu five miles of
Eschol. Enough has been seen to know
that Perry county has a very interesting
Flora.
63" All interested in the further inves
tigation of the sciences in Perry County
are requested to choose ono ot tho de
partments and a territory and go to
work to investigate and note for an an
nual report at the next meetiug which
will be announced in due time.
. .... . READING.
An abstract of a report read at Teachers' In
stitute, December 1, 1873,
BT B. D. FAHNESTOCK.
Not sufficient and attention given it in our
schools. Good reading is an attainment which
all should endeavor to acquire
It is of primary importance, since a knowl
edge of it is a pre-requisite in the attainment
of all scholastic knowledge. ' - '
The most common faults in reading are :
1. Lack of thought, and, as a result, want
of feeling.
2. Reading In a ping-song tone, or mono
tone. . i . . !
3. Too rapid reading, and as a result, indis
tinct articulation. ' ; '
Three things conttlbuto In tho formation of
these habits !'',, ' t
1. ' Teachers who have not given proper at
tention to methods of Instruction In reading.
2. Incorrect idea as to what constitutes good
reading. ' "
8. Text-books ot too advanced grade for the
pupils.
The obvervance of the following two princi
ples is essential to success In teaching reading:
1. Earnest and eager work at the study
scats In preparing for recitation.
2. The interested attention of every pupil in
the class every moment during recitation.
Before reading a lesson each ptpll should be
able
1. To pronounce every word In the lesson
at sight.
2. To spell every word In the lesson.
3. To explain the meaning of the principal
words.
4. To understand the subject matter. And
In'advanced classes
To state the standard plUli, time, quantity,
and quality.
Methods of teaching reading havo reference
1. To the Vocal Element; 2. The Mental El
ement; 3. To the Physical Element.
Under the Vocal Element is included :
1. Pronunciation 2. Modulation.
Beginners should be required to print the
difficult wprds of tUe lessen on their slates,
aud the enunciation of the vocal sounds in
these, and the pronunciation of the words
should Introduce a lesson in reading.
Modulation should be taught by example
The teacher's voice must be the pupils' con
stant guide. Short examples illustrating dif
ferent degrees of pitch, quantity, etc., should
be rendered by the teacher, and then by the
pupils individually and in concert.
tihurt leMoiu should be given, and but on
thing taught at a titiu.
Under the Mentid Element is included : 1 .
Tho Intellect I 2. The Emotions.
Pupils should never be permitted to attempt
to read what they do hot understand. Books
should be adapted to the ability of pupils j
and the teachers should by explauutlon, by de
scription, and by propec rendition render tht
language trttnaparent that pupils may see and
fuel every thought and, emotion expressed or
UKgettea.' ' " 1 "
Pupils should be required to read looking at
th$ teacher, glunelng at the book ouly when
pausing and lust long enough to Caleb the
words, iu this way reading will be iu reality
tatting from books. t .
Under the Physical Element is Included: 1.
Posture',' which should be easy and (iraeef ul.
2. Oestnres, which should bo graceful and ap
propriate, i . ' . - 'v . ' ;
. Thegreatrulo for teaching reading Is Fol
low Nature, nd4 interwtett aiuX lu earnest
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curiblCA.u euro uu charge, a reality. bold by druggist.
pSYCIIOVIANCY, or SOUL CHAKM
X ING." How either sex may (ascluate and
gain the love and atTcctlons oi any person they
choose Instantly. This simple mental acquire
ment all can possess, free by mall, (or 28 cents,
together with the marriage guide, Egyptian Ora
cle, Dreams, Hints to Ladies, Weduing-Niglit
Shirt, Hie. A queer book. Address T. WILLI AM
s Co., I'ublisitera, fhlladelpuia. tutltw
A-gpcntM AVnntod. For
EVERYBODY'S own PHYSICIAN
ByC. W. GLEASON, M. D. A magnillclent vol
time abounding In Important Information, and
elegantly illustrated. One Agent took 100 orders
Inone week. 1'ilce and terms to suit the times.
For circulars address H. N. McKINNiSY: &CO.,
1G N. 7th St., Philadelphia. 41K1 4w.
fififi AOENT8 WANTED. Samples sent
UUUU free by mall, with terms, to clear from
15 to $10 per day. Address N. U. W H1TK, New.
ark. N.J. 4d4w
ACENTS WANTED.
A protltable and respectable business for men
or women who have or can make leisure time aud
wish TO CON V Kit T IT INTO MONK Y. l'nr elr
culara address STAR LAMINA .WA11K, 80 Beek.
man street, Kew York. 41K1 4w
ADMINISTRATORS NOTICK Notloe Is here
by u veil, that Letter of Administration on
the estate of (Jldeon (lutshall. late of Madison
township, Terry county. Ta deceased, have been
granted to the subscriber residing In Madison
township. All persons indebted to said eetate are
requested to uiakeiinmeiilate payment, and those
having clalms.wlll present them duly aullieutlca
td for settlement. MrcHAEI(GTJT8nALLi
Administrator.
Oct 14, 1873, 6L '
TULL INSTRUCTIONS In the Art of Making
Ij Wax Fruits aud Flowers together with &
l'urlor ISteel Kiiki uviliaj (Lite's Suulun peut by
liiall (or at cents.
J. MILLER,
r , " V 807 Boutbaoth Street,
ri4t i'lillautlplha.
1fi 4 ton perday. AgenU wanted evi ry
51U 10 4bU Where. FaiUculari Irtte. A. B.
BLAIR CO., St. Loulf,Mo. , , ,17Jj