- --Nbe New Reciprocity Bill. The billreported from the Committee oC Ways and Means of the Housebf Repreigen tatives, by Mr. Morrill, regulating trada', l with the British North Ainerican Provinces proVidesi That from and after'March 16, 1866, there shall be levied, collected and paid upon the articles enumerated in the first section, be ing the growth, production or manufacture of the British possessions in North America, imported from her Britannic Majesty's pos sessions, namely,from Canada, New l3rans wick, from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Prince Edward's Island-and the several islands thereto adjacent, Hudson Bay Ter ritory, British Columbia, Vancouver's Island, the following duties and rates of duties: On fish, salmon, two dollars; shad, one dollar and fifty cents; mackerel, one dollar; herring, pickled and salted, fifty cents; all other pickled fish, one dollar per barrel; all fish not otherwise provided for, fifty cents per hundred pounds, provided that any fish in packages other than barrels shall pay in proportion to the rates charged upon the same fish in barrels; on bitumi nous coal.,fifty cents per ton otwenty-eight bushels, eighty pounds to one bushel. On all other coal, twenty-five cents per ton of twenty-eight bushels, eighty pounds to the bushel; on coke and culm of coal, ten per centum ad valorem; on timber, hemlock or spruce, round or sided, half lent per cubic foot; when hewn square three-quarters of a cent per cubic foot; when sawed and valued at seven dollars or less per 1,000, one dollar per 1,000 feet; when valued at over seven dollars per thousand,two dollars per 1,000 foot._ On lumber, pine, ash, butternut,bass - - - 'wood, birch, elm, maple wood, round or sided, three-fourths of a cent per cubic foot; when hewn square, one cent and a qaarter per cubic foot; sawed and valued at seven dollars or less per thousand, one dollar per thousand feet; when valued over seven dol lars and not over twelve dollars per thou sand feet, two dollars per thousand feet when over twelve dollars per thousand feet three dollars, provided that when lumber of any sort is planed or finished, in addition to the rates herein provided, there shall be paid for each side so planed or finished, - twenty cents, and if planed on one side and tongued and grooved, one dollar and fifty; and lion two sides,and tongued and grooved, two dollars per thousand feet; on timber, black walnut, cherry, chestnut, oak, not sawed, and less advanced than boards and plank, and not otherwise provided for, ten per cent. ad valorem, when sawed, four dolars : per thousand feet; on ship timber, fifty cents a ton; railroad and rough, hewn or sawed, three cents each; shingles, bolts, hubs for wheels, last blocks, post and lum ler, not otherwise provided for,rough hewn or sawed, only ten per centum ad valorem; on pickets, palings and laths, twenty per centum ad valorem; on rift pine and cedar shingles. seventy-five cents per thousand; sawed pine and cedar shingles, fifty cents per thousand; spruce shingles, forty cents; on pine clapboards, four dollars, and on spruce clapboards, two and a half dollars per thousand. Section two provides that in lieu of all duties heretofore imposed bylaw on articles hereinafter mentioned, and on such as may now be exempt from duties, imported from foreign countfies, the duties paid shall be as fellows: Animals, living, of all sorts, twenty per centum ad. valorem; apples, garden fruit and vegetables, ten per centum ad valorem; barley, ten cents a bushel; beans, cxcepf vanilla and, castor oil, twenty-five cents a bushel; -beef, one cent a pound; broom corn, fifteen per centum, ad valorem; buckwheat, ten ceniss. bushel; corn, Indian - maize t ten cents a bushel; flour and meal, .middlingi and, mill, feed, wheat, corn, rye and oats, twenty per centum, ad valorem; hams, two cents a pound; hay, one dollar a ton; hides, ten per centum, ad valorem; lards, two cents -a pound ; malt, twenty per centum ad valorem; ores, - ten per cent, ad valorem; peas, twenty five cents a bushel; pork, one cent a pound; potatoes ten cents a bushel; rye fifteen cents a bushel; seed, timothy and clover, twenty per cent. ad valorem; trees, plants and shrnbs, ornamental - and fruit, fifteen per cent. ad valorem; tallow, two cents a pound; wheat,' twenty-five cents a bushel. Section three admits the following articles free of duty:—Bwr millstones, cotton and linen rags, fireWbod, grindstones, rough or ainfinished, gypsum, plaster, unground. Section four repeals all laws or parts of laws allowing fishing bounties; provided that the vessel be licensed to engage in the fisheries, may take on board imported salt in bond, to be used in curing fish, under such regulations as the Secretary of the 'Treasury- may prescribe, and` on proof that said salt shall have been used for curing fish, the duties on the same shall be re funded. • Section five provides that goods arriving at New York,Boston, Portland, or any other part of the United States, which may be specially designated by the Secretary of the Treasury, and destined for places in the ad jacent British provinces, may be entered at the Custom House and conveyed in transit through the territory of the United States, - under such rules as the Secretary of the Treasury may preicribe for the protection of the revenue. Section six provides that goods, wares and merchandise, where the duty has been paid, or the products or manufacture of the United States, may, with the consent of the proper authorities of the Provinces,-be trans ported from one port or place in the United -States to another port or place therein, over the said Provinces, by such routes and under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe; provided the goods so transported shall, on their arrival in the :United States from the Provinces, be treated in regard to liability or exemption from duty or tax, as if the transportation had taken place entirely within the limits of the United States. Section seven provides that British sub jects shall have the right freely to navigate .Lake Michigan with their vessels, boats and -crafts, and to use the Sault St. Mary Canal on terms of equality with the inhabitants of the United States. Section eight provides that British sub jects shall have, in common with the citi zens of the United States, liberty to take fish of every kind, except shell fish on the eastern sea coasts and shores of the United States, north of the thirty-sixth parallel of north latitude, and on the shores of the several islands thereto Adjacent, and in the bays, harbors and creeks of the sea -coast on the shores of the United States, and -of the ialands; without being restricted from any distance from.the shore, and with per mission to land on the coasts of the United .States and the islands, for the purpose of -dragging their nets and curing their fish. .Provided, in so doing, they do not interfere •with the rights of private property, with the :fishermen of the United States in the peaceable use of the parts of the coast in their occupancy for the same purpose. Section nine provides that the President -of the United States may terminate or sus pend the provisions of this act or any sec tion, as to the whole or in part of the .British North American Colonies; by giving public notice of such termination or sus pension whenever, in his opinion, it may -appear just and proper, or whenever the following priyileges, or any-of them, shall mot be accorded and secured to citizens and inhabitants of the United States. First, The rights to navigate the river St. Law xence and the canals in Canada, and of the 3iaearia of communication between the Great lakes and the .A.tlaxitiC ocean with their 'vessels, boats and crafts, .as,ftilly and freely -as subjects of Her Britannic Majesty, subject only to;the same tables, "and other assess xnents as now or ,may be hereafter exacted from her Majesty's: subjects. Siecnid, The right is cut .lumber •or timber , of.arly kind • on that portion of the American territory in Maine, watered by the river St. Johns and its trihntaries, and When floated-dciitalhat - • river to_ the_ sea,_.to_ship the same_to_ the_ United States _froM the .provinces, of New Brunswick, .witliOnt any' ;export or other duty. Third, Yieedoni,Etom exposure to illicit trade and smuggling, which the establishment or maintenance of any free port or ports the British North American colonies near our boundaries tends to interfere with. Fourth, The right and, liberty of the - inhabitants of the United' St.ltes, in common with thO Subjects of His British Majesty, to take fish of every kind, except shell fish, on the sea coasts and shores, and in the baya, harbor's and creeks of ..the -British 'North American Colonies, without being restricted to any distance from the shore,_with permission to land on these colonies, and the islands thereof, and also upon the Magdalena Island, for the purpose of drying their nets and curing their fish, provided that in so doing they shall not interfere with the rights of private property of British fishermen in peaceable use of any part of the said coast in their occupancy for the same purose, nor with the salmon and shad fisheries in rivers or mouth of rivers. Fifth. The right of citizens or inhabitants of the United States to transport free of duty goods, wares or merchandise, or articles from one part or place in the United States to another part or place therein, over the territory of the British North American Colonies, subject to no higher or other charges or terms than are now or shall be hereafter exacted of Her Majesty's subjects. The Growth of Navies. The Army and Navy Journal gives inte resting statistics upon this subject. Eng land, by the necessities of her India trade, got a long start of America in large vessels. As long ago as 1816, she had vessels of 2,000 tons burden, while , in 1834, the largest mer chant vessel that had ever been in Boston harbor was the ship Henry Clay, of only 500 tons burden. The marine record of the port of Boston shows that at the commence ment of the eighteenth' century the largest ocean vessels rarely exceeded a hundred tons. Sixty years ago, vessels of 450 tons were regarded as of such unwieldy dimen sions that they would be likely to prove the pecuniary ruin of their owners. As late as 1836, one of the newspapers referred to an immense steam frigate to be built at Lon don, called the Gorgon, 1,100 tons burden, and carrying twelve guns. And in the same year another paper, writing upon the proba ble speedy establishment of lines of steam ships between the ports of Liverpool and New York, said, " They must, however, be very large ships, we should say from 800 to 1,000 tons." In 1855, the Marlborough, screw ship, 131 guns, 4,000 tons, was added to the Royal Navy. It was estimated that 6,06 S loads of timber were re quired to build her, and the services of 334 shipwrights one year. Not more than forty oak trees can grow upon an acre, so as to attain their full size, or to yield each two loads of timber. To build the Marlborough, therefore, the produce of seventy-six acres of oak forest of the growth of a hundred years was necessary. Her entire spread of sail considerably exceeded an acre and a half. It is estimated that in building the merchant ship ( treat Republic, a vessel of the same burden as the Marlborough, 2,380 tons of oak were used in her frame, posts and knees; 1,500,000 feet of hard pine in keelson, ceiling, deck frames, decks and planking, and about 300 tons of iron and 56 tons of copper in, her fastenings. About 55,000 days' labor were required in her construction. A line-of-battle ship requires about 1,400 blocks of all kinds in her fitting. The first screw vessel ever built was the well-known steamer Princeton, built at Philadelphia, under the superintendence of Commodore Stockton, in 1843. Her engines were designed and supplied by Captain Ericsson, the inventer of. the monitor sys tem of iron-dads. Though, in experiment, in advance of her time, the Princeton outdid all the expectations formed of her, and in somerespects has neverbeen excelled.. She was in the Gulf throughout the