gitt Vittfiburgit anent. F. R. TINNIMAN, RIMSELL ERRETI, Eprra". T. velitTiliAGN A , Busman VasAssa. GAZETTE ASSOCIATION, 2.12.1:011.1..13..are5. NO. S$ FIFTH STREET, PITTSBUREIH edit ONDAY. DECEMBER 18, 1865 FREE TRADE A DELUSION Some political philosophers have specu lated upon the excellence and practicability of Free Trade, just as others of the same clue have theorized upon the Perfect/W il l of Human Nature. MI these speculi ticin° 'monist to nothing beyond disPraYing the dialectic skill and the lonics/ subtleties of the persons indulging in t eem Whatever possibilities may b e b ,,, e at In man's nature, be is yet far enough from having attained to perfection. Yids dream of sanguine ha maiotariaa„,erns to be as far off in the in definite future as it ever was. Precisely so Free Trade. Philosophers have epec octed about It. Statesmen have made a wordy bobby of it when desiring by craft so-ovcrreach competing peoples. But no nation, far advanced in civilization, has aver totally abrogated its Impost laws and ~ .1 9 .14(1 its custom houses. ~ .; - - -s!ates do not burn their gibbets, pull o . i-4 their jails and disband their courts, unddr the delusion that man has reach ed Perfection. Were be perfect in all attri bute's of intellect, of conscience and of emo tion, a'l the compensating, restraining and puninsialt ulachin ry of civil and criminal law, coif,: be advantageously dispensed with, and whether I , ,rmaliy abolished or no', would fail into absolute disuse. The larger the powers of particular individuals or classes the more beneficent would be the exercise thereof. So, if all the nations on the globe had at tained an equal .tag,ree of physical and in tallcctnal development, an equal accumu lation of capital; an equal density of popula tion; and if their condlti ~ , us in respect to climate, soil sou productions, agricultural, sdneral and aqueous, though most unlike in kind, wete equivalent PS to value and availability; then, the dream of Free Trade would certainly stand forth a fact accom_ plished. It is barely possible that the mil leruidum may include it among other bless ednesses. Thus far to human history only the most advasced nations have seriously indicated a willingness to approximate Free Trade. If they have gone even so far they have not w ouch as kept the word of promise to the ear, and have certainly broken it to the hope. Perhaps that phrase, advanced nation., is misleading, because partial and inade quate. By advanced nation' we mean such have redundant population, whereby the labor market is overstocked, and wages re duced 1-y competion to just sufficient fur tee obtainment of the absolute necessaries of life; as have the largest amount of accu. teuleted capital, in buildings, Ablps, ma chinery and money, whereby the employ ers have the advantage of operating on a eroaner basis against outside rivals, and halt vastly superior means of coercion against the workmen employed; and as have undommon advantages of commercial posi. lion and natural productions. Such nations can afford to establish the widest freedom of trade with those nations that have istably less capital, productions, and populations. In such Instances there can be no real rivalry, for the stronger na tion always has the weaker at its mercy. The stronger nation, by putting its link:, log people on shorter allowances of com forts, which it always has the means of do Inc till the lowest depth of poverty Is soun ded, can always compete successfully with weaker nations. ()a the Faroe principle, if a nation has su perior aptitudes, facilities and experiences in a particular branch or branches of pro da,tion, it can undoubtedly proffer freedom of trade in the resultant commodities to all peoples resting under less favorable condi tions in respect to the growth or fabrication of those special articles. This le substanti alty what the, carpenter or mason does wno offers to build houses in competition with hie neighbor, the printer or tailor; and what the printer or tailor does who or. tors to compete with the oarpenter or ma Eon In making newspapers or coats. Bu to dignify Ws proffer, or the actualizing o it, wlth the name of Free Trade, is a maul feet misnomer. Yet this's full as far as any of the Euro peen nations have gone in proposing free dom of triune either between themselves or with the United Stakes. If England is con oClers ref possessing superior advantages to France in tne growth or manufacture of anyone or more things, she disooursee loudly of the excellence of Tree Trade, both as a theory and a practice. If France has a branch of production in which she has clearly the advantage of England, she, in turn, vaunts the utility of Free Trade. Idtith no these two great powers have talk- ed to each other titter this fashion, neither hasever succeeded In inducing the other to abolish all commercial restrictions, or even to venture on a practical abandonment or Protection. Both have tried to cajole the other, but neither his been duped. This has been witnessed. When Protec tion has produced Its legitimate results in encouraging the establishment of a branch of industry, either before unknown In the country or holding its existence there by • precarious tenure; has given that expertness ilald facility therein which can come only ntie experience and assured success; has 6ivell hre-eminence in it by cheapening Proce ss e`tind economizing details; then England 15,, clamored for Free Trade in that partials:use But her Impost system stands , o-day as deepl y Imbedded in the Ideas of the people t" ,, d in the policy of her government, as at any termer period of her long , career. Hence, y that taking into account the varying degree civilize. tion existing in different ...tions, the selfishness by which nations as s itu is in dividuals are actuated, inducing alittesaity for the Protection of the weaker aglinin t o arsrice of the stronger, Free Trade is,,, Chimera and a Delusion_ Tim New York rimes marvels at "the spirit of the South," (that is, at the (Elmo- Salon manifested by not a few leading peo ple down there,) because "it seems to con sider the prosperity of any Northern or Werftern State as being to its prejudice." That spirit aught not to excite surprise in the mind of any, Intelligent journalist. It has always existed. ha long ago as near the close of the revolutionary war, Gen, ATE. Romani W1T.141114 of Maryleid, writing to Mayor Edwards, a brother officer, said— " There are many amiable and sensible ebtanctere in- the South; but I alwayi found the majority were envious, jealous, malicious, designing and unprincipled CHICAGO API) ST. LOUIS The progress of Bt. Louis was greatly retarded be the rebellion. Not only was trade cd with the South, but such was the general ILL -security that trade le all directions was stagnated. plat •,', mumberof active St. Louis men went over to Chicago and started bunions. there. Clatcm;r) expanded; business poured In upon her like flood. She was prosperous beyonn the CAR:Lary .11 east:we of prcei,rity. Su• became en anomaly of deftest. lot the closing of the war has giren St. Littir a new start, The days of her mourning ore ended. See has entered on a new era of her 11:s e arl , and with !;righter prospects before her than at any former period. The Chicago jottrams So not Jike th i s new mint of St.Lanis. Oao of them says, '•11 the officers of the railroad corporations at the north west were adder the Immediate pay of St. Lim is, they could not work more effeetu•l]y i• build up that city than they are doing at the present time." Trade which the war tuned wards Chicago, with the incoming of peace takes its appropriate channels. Theta need Impels frisadly rivalry:between these twill towns. With such lacrease aa the West meet experience to twenty years there will Lc badness enonch to satisfy the ambition •I both. If the railroads yew coostructed between the East and the West should be doubled, there would be mere than enough for all of them to do with!a the game space. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL. LEAGUE A large meeting was held in Philadelphia to form an American Industrial League. Its oh• feet in mainly to neutralize and rer der 10.-,Live Use cifuna of the Free Trade League cm,.:.1,c New York, that owes its health and Thalt,y I. British capital. The New York Free Irate League la an organization of great power. It i composed of resident agents of British (autumn. Their object is to increase the in, bet for foreign goods, and to sreure to tbro. prominence in the various cornintrc:al ctt::a of the Union. These:foreign agents have been covert eutim thr•agho at the war. They art so st;11, and continue to be. It is to frustrate their Oriels that the American Industrial League is form, I. and to prevent them from securing the piwei that they desire, and which, if they gain. s; I will enable them to paralyze, an they did yea, ago, the operations of home industry. Several gentlemen from the South 'vole es ant, all of whom took high protective grout.d. Hon. Was. C. Lksirts, of Philadelphia, wa,ch, ea Chairman. A constitution was adopted, ac.. It wets, decided that the headquarters nr tit League should be Philadelphia. rite foilowi2L tali terse statement of its objects: "Tne American Home Labor League he that every man supporting a government by the payment of taxes, or defending It in units rebellion and war, is entitled to the proteesiiit of that government by anch legislate. n as two enable him, in his regular trade or calling, meat the competition of foreign capitol seed bor at home, and with the proceeds Or nr!: munerated Induatry to procure ail that be a: his family need for comfort and bappiress, "It protests against all interfere nee w 0... hour labor by free traders and free trade leagues, a. all these have but one otiject, and that Is subjugation of labor, of capital, the .:avt re the working man of America to the uhe kings of Europe. "It believes that protection to the prod.., is as beneficial to the consumer as the warm ,e rays of the can are to the growth of the barer and that as in the Unhed Sta'ee nearly all a-e producers, so each in hie Draper sphere is euti tied to the paternal care of the go, errsar nt. `46 believes that governments are made to be felt; that they are ordained for the common we.. of the governed, and that when they neelet , , refuse to watch eve. and pre I! rt the labor of ! tee governed they fail la one of their moat r tnntand beneficent Outlet. "The American Rome Leak, League a .y ally willing to submit to all taxation far government revenue; bellevrs that ....W.', es imports aril Important ROUT,. 01 33ttii3; that such duties should be Impose.. so as y .• well as indirectly to prot....et twr nwr. w: .r and protests against the heresy and 1,.i.11 iy of free trade, because its !Dee!ae will init. - v.., and bankrupt thegovernment and prop!e, noose the repudiation at our national end State deb,. deatroy our independence and fleedonu. teLl •• the diasolutlf, of the Union, and end in wak.n, 13 an easy prey to foretign d.-strats i{FOaI:AN'ZATifN OF FEPFIIII DIoneAN “: hew I* , k, !,: Into the Senate s. bib to Margo midi catty the Inferior courts of th. , Cult, I Swag. I , provides for the abroglti,o the Circuit Courts; for conferring on the District Courts jurisdiction of suits su crimes which is now exercised b♦ the :0: mer; and for the establishment in each et the circuits a new court, to be compose! of the Justice ofhthe Supremo Court assign ed to the circuit and the several district Judges of the districts composing the Or cult. This new court Is to be a Circuit Court of Appeals, In this way the Judge s of the Supreme Court will be relieved Of the burden of hllding courts for the trial 01. Jury causes. The accumulation of business in the Federal Courts make■ relief is this form desirable for the fqcjilLatiop, of trial, A. anw railroad has been protected from New York City to Oswego, on Lake Onta rio. It ladesigned to traverse mainly the country oetween the New York Central road and the Erie railway, though it n 2 UF! needs cross Ihe Central somewhere in tb.• upper part of the Mohawk valley. It e,:l run through Oswego, Onondaga oteida, Madicon, Chenango, Otsego, Schoharie, Delaware, 'Greene, ®later and Sullivan counties.. The company has been organ ized for ails object. We think a good many years will elapse befers care makes through trip. (.11.. GIANT, 11 hi. report, spoke in roatem pt nous term. of Gen. firrnon. Hence, the !utter officer Insisted n■ the acceptance of his renittna tmn, which was tenderad—moaths alto, and has entered on the preparation of his defense- If It tutu out not to be sharp,punceat and trench ant, It will be bemuse Birrnen haa lost the onal lties which-first made him celebrated. Whether Briton is a great General Cr not, we are not competent to Judge. GLIANT, who Is competen t. insinuates Litt he to not. But BVTLEIL took film stand for thi Union when hie aolheolon counted for thousands, and he has exhibited Tait execatlxe abilities, incalculably to the national cause. Tun Bnglish press is doing its duty well In denouncing the horrible buteberies perpetrated in the Island of Jamaica during - the late ont break. It may reasonably be don bred If so II grant and unjustifiable aaorrulties were commit ted to Prance during the Reign of Tegor, or be the most barbarous ages. The Lngll3 people la divided between shame and Indignation ; aid *ell then may be. The Cincinnati Enquirer announces In big,black bead letter that" Tax Dir.3IOCRA T -1C PARTY In NOT DEAD." That will be news to a great many people, who are un der the Impression they attended its lane 'al last fall. Tela 'litchh authorities have cone pretty fel l/ t° the coaclusiot that le practicable eraser can ra ‘ der. war skips shot and ballet proof. As the power ° tree guns to lacriased tie armor It made thicker, bat la every !mamma, se ler, the gun, altlmFtely ce , oe off wlosere. Tax 911 Preffl"°"' Uto Ottlt,ed Btates, to session at Waskingtow, k ftbefors,lt an Impor tant case, Layolviag as it deft. t ie ertest to labial a Presideattal pardon nis.„ raa a „ be to hLs former (1,11 right'. &orlon Musa, as advocate of Rome, bee be_u recently captured by brigands in the yietnlte of Valleeorss, eat as Ms relations were linable famish taie - riolioso - br iftbrlbousand eendi de manded, the mcfortenate gentleman was put to death, ♦ /each eoldia shared the lame fate, and one of kls comrades Narrowly escaped It, bat was artpyled fur life. 111!7•CELI.A.N EOT' 9 NEW! Es •I.lfili the :tic fru - I. z.ar.2. u rt% utt:aut *pectai allasi,h, n. be.az ha •xo;bitma of the ~ oast,! , aca.: Lrat Great 0: Th , maa C.a , h. L may fur rs .a; d ar.d his Sent•sor . e. a si e op a Cheer wbi,h ha fra, of - a a rase , e ~• He had carom., a . . vs. rr it, fr7o, Dot arnenet • t.> art .aw ‘,M r.rl z Awn and I e In: I as the tr.a at CaVadi Peter . Ln • ec. le I mau le:1, re 0 sea the Sheua: zio/tb, It I:vriaz bcr .nu. 1,, e dell. and Lha: rc, • EIMMIMI net wale b, q:1,1 Va.,'o I It CI., :11136,1 : , n.e I trottt, I t.. t tt - • at an Ile- tun 7. 1,, eng.tr, eLo. It mc6ie a _ ' • «r ox Inc illrhabiad. :17.•,, triti th. line cs:d Virginia pent ernci,, a. 4 rr: gri.d ricad tri cares and weer itt pr a', arc Idly dying all it ascribes tt < ant:anal li:ion.. - IS to OW , 'tan er new app a tealitly %Or ssai, instead of dieid of d iiv)rs, sn t to nth, doliriu auntie and an:Le:lna. Tna Aa 4 ghdte.un e n 3, ,lend b .dy .r Hugh Fagan, a MEW, lowLat!p, lain arta conn.y, wen :,uhd a !Le .1t that .oweahlp• • fen env. 'lee bva L Mi 1.151 1 ,11. tor dap. c ore "ore P , e ex.atne were d.nt : err, . tto have been caused by .lattn., , t•l da: a LT d A Tnnis Dein". az Fan; Line from ritat•miz.n, d, Uarrlsaarg at eight o'clock Friday to , Ta.. , c, not arrive until one O'cio,K ro lb,- a.ten, , f r:. The delay wan caused by the ut tun water In the tank of the lot maitre attached to the train. TTIS Hates or roar. -11 —A trier from Weal t 1, a Naelivil, paper Et ate. Liras so- It. hal., Organ.zeal upon Lie as anticipated ,rnmitilag groan outragt, ^,—.tr-PI t• .-1,••••• 1..1 . 110:. . . t. . 1. t re wt.. .4. 1..1; Ott, I, I I it Lit itc., 1..114 1 1111. A I.l.Llikl 4 4 , r MN-- I ; • , t(2. Z., y o! Alleg.,, re , ; Jr.tt. ~: 21.k.c...1 t: tlett•l r!. • hold:%, IL,elc V.. 1.1611 1, '.• ,1T AMD. i I, a..+! !,e , MMI=EM rac. I .1“ r arty u ;ay tLe 1 i I,r five l I.PsotuLttee•lu of ,e 1 r 4: .1.. 1•ILlag WILLI 1.14t0 ,ollutetl ELECTIONb oia :tt A, 0 , A, 15., tt ctrt t t A E t rt tit k .trt:', , . ;In 1. it n t roir,,vl ,5 / •.• 1 „ ' r• ~ • I IP. lit Hsu, tve “• I , 1 k .30 11, . h. t. nxi.Lor. IZEIEE=111•21111 , Id till( A 1`;:` , - ...' I ,s,it L ,k . L 1,, •- d•.l At...kr...at r. lin, • !re A:. ELECTI •i; Dllt,L I Hr ulnu -1‘• Ue• • t •.1. the :;..n I , ort T F.: st. t.: Irthrlftr • ilhrt het...ea:the Loh,. n....kr ..:I r ar r9.0t.1 H W • 1.1 •sLlct ULECT i ~.•( I..itt' 1011 :or (.I:2l