i
eit,. time l int swat roars l o cated with unfits: 4 .
but never attain, and which imparts • O % alien-how/ion. or misinterpretation, of the treme antagonism of opinion and action be- difficult to believe, that any considerable pot
,up un d e r i Ateennee tie exenstairie _limn the mutable prineiplee and Inert of the fedilcal organize- ' tweet) some repreetentatiyes, who sought, by tion of the people of this enlightened country
n vy s tenjpor Jaren warratan" talent , . .
f ea -r eas le, send selected as swamp lends : leeteees for messes itetion, from the wars. the , non of the new Terroones of test U. Staten , the abusive and uneOngatixtionel employment could have so surrendered themselves to a fa
rta s
al 0 eine %to h a t i s nie voice of !tenor 1 Wneta the
nu
names, is twenteetbur unnlion five hundred : mute& ievasimie, and eaglet aspir i sts . y, , t of the legislative . powers of the Government, to - entice' devotion to the supposed interests of
. .. e •
nu e- fif t y- se ve rs tnnesaud four hundred and, the balance of power. which cieivulse from organization, which provided for the Lovers- interfereen thecondition of the meneateStaten • the relatively few Africans in the United
nine acres; tf is hien the pestion =sold wee fif- • Pine to dine the grovenimenie of Europe,. Our went of the territory northwest o f this river and to impose their own social theories: upon States, see totally to abandon and disregard the
teen milliou scree hundred end tWeetventue i en-operative :tenon rests iii the conditions of Ohin..and for•lts eventual etehd i vision into the latter, and other representatives, who re- ! interests of the twenty-five millions of Ameri
ehonnand nye hendredand neessenteur ''sieres; intern/alum& conifederaden preseribed by - the 1 IPIW Slates. was adopted in the Congress of polled the interposition of the General Govern- i cans, to trample under foot the injunctions of
r i e ini ti _ gee i p!ne
e _ t _h., ..,,,, _
nilf i t ,l exita _
_milli on 1
___
VOll_StillatiOU._lU metialianne of_nower is in the the minfedeteation, it itenot. to be supposed that ment in this respect o andenaintai nett theeself--mural and-ceronnutional obligation--and-to-
nsne wh .
- r ---- ehT - nparateereserved-rignts-titlie—S
. tateeeentutneben ;wants!' of-hit ureeelanyeetowereawnetweenneconati tutitegneight eneofetheenUtest. lin truttnnr engage in plans of vindannivellostilitn against
I their equal representation in the Senate. That , the Slates which retained• and thisee which did i the thing attempted -was, in form alone, action i those who are associated with them in the en
independent solirrreignt y in every one of the poi - retain is nn morons colored population, mica. of the General aroverpment e while in reality it' joyment of the common heritage dour nation-
States, with its reserved ritiltis ,of local sell • ; tied wattle, or tailed to be considered. And was the endeavor; by the abtise of legislative al institutions.
i gowerionient iteetned to each by their ao-equel t yet t h e roneese i on o f t h a t vas t ter r itory to the - power, to force, the ideas of internal policy en- - Nor is ite hostility against their fellow cid
• power iii the Senate, was t h e footfameoutl ! intereeta and opinions of the northern States, tertained in particular States upon *tined inde- i seas of one section of the Union alone. The
I eowlitien of the Constitution. Without it the ! a t err it or y new th e sea t o f fiv e among the tar- , pendent States. Once more the Constitution interests, the honor, the duty, the peace, and
I (linen would never have existed, However gest members of the 15 Moe, was, ip great sliira- and the Union triumphed signally. The new the prosperity of the people of all sections are
detain - ms the larger Stelae might be to re-orga- i gum, the act of the State oT Virginia and on territories were org a niz ed without restrictions equally involved and imperilled in this ques
niee the envernotent setts to give to their pop• ! the s m ol o ion the disputed point, and were thus left to. tiun. And are patriotic men in any part of
elation its proportionate weight in, the corn- 1 When Louisiana was acquired by the Uni- judge in that particular, for themselves ; and the Union prepared, on isunh an issue, thus
mon councils, they knew it was impossible. ; ted States, it was an acquisition not lees to the the sense of constitutional faith proved vigo. madly to invite all the consequences of the
unless they conceded to the smaller ones au- ' , North than to the South'; fur while it was int- (rens enough in Congress not only to aecom- forfeiture of their constitutional engagements?
thorny to exercise at least e negative influence portant to the country at the mouth of the river plish this primary object, but also the inciden- ilt is impossible. The storm of phrensy and
owall the measures of Ilie government, wheat- M iesissippi to become the emporium of the i tal and hardly less important one of so amend- Ifaction must inevitably dash itself in vain
er legieladee onexemeive, through their equal (country above it, so also it was even More no- ing the provisions of the statute fur the extra- against the unshaken rock of the constitution.
repreeentation in the Senate. Indeed, the far- l portate to the whole Union to have that empo- I dition of fugitives from service as to place that i I ehall never doubt it.
,I know that the Union
ger States themselves cou ld rim h ave f a iled to - Hum ,-and-although the new province, by lea- public duty under the safeguard of the General t
is stronger a thousand times than all the wild
perceive, that the same power was equallyne- I son of its imperfect settlement. was ma' y re- Go -P faiaPnt, at d thus relieve it frorwobstaeletn r and-echimerical scenes of social change,
ie act of taingress. ' c esssery to them, for the security of their own garded as on the gulf of Mexico, yet, in fent, raised-up by thelogislation of somcof the States. 1 which are generated, one after another, in the
- InforMation bas recently broil received, that demesne) interests against the nit - go-gale force it extended to the opposite boundaries of the - Vain declamation regarding the provisions of I unstable num.'s of visionary sophists and into
the peace of the settlements in the Territories of the general government. In a word, the [Jelled States, with far greeter breadth above l aw fin the extradition of fugitives from ser- I rested agitators. I rely confidently on the pa
of Oregon and Weshiegton ie disturbed byhos, I original States went into this permanent than below, amid was in territory, as in every i v i c e, with occasional opieoden of frantic effort' triotism of the people, on the dignity and self
tilities on the part of the Indiensnwith indica- !mew on the agreed premises, of exerting thing else, equally at. least, an accession to the to obstruct their execution by riot and murder, i respect of the States, on the wisdom of Con
_ Lions of •extonsivo coMbinations f , of a hostile their common strength for The defence of the Northern States. it is mere delusion and pre. I continued, for a brief time, to agitate certain i gress, and above all, on the_ ontinuedgracious
character among the tribes in that quarter, the whole, and of all its pints ; but of utterly ex- judiee, therefore, to speak of Louisiana as sic- localities. But the true principle, of leaving i favor of Almighty God, to maintain, against
more serious in their possible effect by reason j eluding all capability of reciprocal aggression. quisition in the special interest of the South. i eac h St a te and Territory to regulate its own I all enemies, whether at home or abroad, the
. of-the undeterneined foreign interests existing j Each solemnly hound itself to all the others, t The patriotic and just Men who participeted laws of labor according to its own sense of sanctity of the Constitution and. the integrity
in those territories, to whinh your attention has . neither to undertake, nor permin;any encroach- in that act were influenced by motives far I r i g ht and expediency, had acquired fast hold of the Union.
already been especially invited, Efficient I men% upon, or interuteddling with another's above all sectional jealousies, It was, in truths of the public judgment to such a degree that,
measures have been taken, which, it is believed reserved rights. . the great event which, by completing for us by common consent, it was observed in the or
.
wills-restore-qtrienaudaeffordeprotectiotrib - ouro — Wltereeitewasedetemedeexpedient, particular the valley of - the - Mininsissip pi. with commercial ganization- of the Territory of Washington..
citizens. . rights on the States were expressly guarantied access to the Gulf of Mexico, imparted tinny & When, more recently, it became requisite to
'ln-the territory of Kansas there have been by the (Constitution; but, in all things beside, strength to the whole Confederation, and at- organize the Territories of Nebraska and Ran
• acts prejudicial to good order, but as yet none these rights were guarded by the limitation oft tacked together by indissoluble ties the East B as, it was the natural and legitimate, if not
have occeurred, under Circumstances to justify f the powers granted, and by express reservation i and the West as well as the North and the the-inevitable consequence of previous events
e .
the interposition of the federal executive.— of all Powers not greeted, in the compact of South, . and legislation, that the same great and sound
That could only be in ease of -obstruction to. union. Thus the great power of taxation was 'As to Florida, that 'was but the transfer by prineiple, which had already been applied to
federallaw, or of organized resistence to ter- limitsd to purposed of common defence and ' Spain to the United Stens of territory on the 'Utah and New 'Mexico should be applied to
.. ritorial him, assuming the character of insur- general welfare, excluding. objects appertain- east side of the river Mississippi, in excliattoe th e m :—that they should stand exempt frnm
... rection, which. Wit should occur, it email be Inv to the local legielation of the several States; for knee territory which the United States
the restrictions proposed in the act rola tive
my duty promptly to overcome and suppress. and these purpoSes of general welfare and soma- transferred to Spain on the west side of that
to the State of Missouri.
I cherish the - hope, however , that th e occur- I [non defence were afterwards defined by spe- river, as, the entire diplomatic bietory of the These restrictions were, in the estimation of
rence nfanyiine untowat'd event will be pm- ' cific enumeration, as being matte-re of' co- transaction serves to demonstrate. Moreover, many thoughtful men, null from thebegiuning,
vented by the sound sense of the, people of the I relation between the States themselves, or be- iit was an acquisition demanded by the coin- unauthorized by the Constitution, contrary to
territory, who, by he organic law, possessing , tween them and foreign governments, which, mercial interests and the security - el the whole the treaty stipulations for the cession. nf
' the right to determine their own domestic in- because of their common and general nature, Union. Louisiana, and inconsistent with the equality
stitutions, areentitled, while deporting them- could be left to the separate control of eachln the meantime
the people of the. United of the States. - .- • . .
selves peacefully, to the fame exercise of that State. I :neaps: hail grown up to a properconsciousions They had been stripped of all moral author
right, and must be protected, in the enjoyment Of the eireumstancee of local comlitionnin- of their streogth, and in a brief contest With i ity; by persistent einirte to procure their indis
' of it, without interference on the part of the terest, and riglns, in which a portion of the I Fran c e, and in a second" serious war with ' r o ot repeal though contradictory enactments. ,
citizens orally of the States. .. .
. States, constituting one great section of dm i Great Britain, they had shaken off all which j They had been practically abrogated by the
The stuntmen boundary line of this Territory - U n i on , diff e red fr o m the rest, and 'rem another remained of undue reverence for Europe, and 1 legislation attending the organization of Utah,
has revel. brim rurveyeu end •esteldished, The sec ti on , the most important was the peculiar- emerged from the atmosphere of those trans-
; New Manes and Washington. If any vitali
rapidly extending settlerneets in that region, and i ity of a larger relative colored population in atlantic influences. wit surrounded the in-!
, ty remained in them, it world have been taken
mk
the fact that a route' b e tw e en Independence, the southern than in the northern Stales. lent Republic, and had begun to nw I
er
their at- away, in effect, by the new territorial acts,
in the State Of Missouri, and New Mexico, is I A population of this class, held in suhjec- , tendon to the full and systematic developinten lin the form originally proposed to the Senate
contiguous to this line, suggest the pruliability tion, existed in nearly all the States, but was l of the internal resources of the Ueion, at the first session of the last Congress. It
abet embarrassing questions of junedi stirs may more munelous and ofninore serious concene I Among the evailescent controversies of that pe
'consequently 'arise. th
riee. Fur these and other con- meet in the Sou than in the 'Forth, on no- ; Tied, the tuna' coespicuons was the question of r• g wits manly and ingenuous, as well as patriotic
and just, to du this directly and plainly, and
siderstioue I commend the subject to tiletion by Conuchs of the social condition of me • ,
tuns relieve the statute-hook of an act, which
attention. _ Your early collet of natural diffinences of climate and pro- '
in. ere States to be founded in the Territory of -
• - duction ; and it was foreseen that, for the sense , - - Might be of possible future injury, but of no
COMITtIT:ON ILL TH CORY OF MP: 410V):117 , 1m N r , &minima. .
- - - ' • reesone, while this population would dinainisn,
I have thus pained in review the general maw - Tbe ordinence for the g over nme nt of the terriio. possible future benefit ; and the measure of
and, sooner or later, cease -to exist, in Same ry north-weal of the river (ilno had contamed a i its repeal [vas the final coesummation and WM'
Of the Union,
States,lt m i g ht increase in others. The pee provision which prohibited the use of servile la- I
f f the,federal government, whether uf domestic or thi s gees . t luir therein, plete recognition of the principle, that no pur
e, seljevt to the cemillton t 4 the extra" : tion of the United States shall undertake,
enlist character and magnitude . of
foreign retaliate as it appeals to me desirable te, of local • i' dit ion of ftentite s Irmo service duo in any other .
and us. fel to, bring to the epeeist nonce o f con. ties
1. tegets, not in. material relations
prl of t . ....
.. , . y
he United Stales Subsequent' to the I.through assumption of the powers of the
II more in social Mies, caused it
- iikisit.- Unlike the great btatee• (Europe and Asia ( t 7 e Y i ' ite d r u ' in s t t e l the special stipulations of the adoption of the Cense ution this provision cease. ,e- government,
e , eenerel to dictate the social insti
am] many 0r thote o -America, these Unitedto remain us a low, for tie operation as Snell 'Ain, 1111. ' eutions of tiny ether portion. , .
Constitution. .: ' soletely superseded by the Constitution. Hat the The Knipe and effect of the language of re-
States ate wasting there strength neither in lot •
Hence, while the general government, as recollection of the f il et exc it e d t h e : z e a l 0 1 soebil . peal were not left in doubt. It was declared,
/iguana: nor dow •stic strife. Whatever of et t
public ditimiti,fectien exists , is smitten 9'l. ythe enumeratedA
• II b powers' granted to it peepaeondisin in -"nap sections o 1 the Contedera• in terms, to be the "true intent and meaning
. .tion ; Bud, when a serond State, that of el issuer I, this
of act not to legislate slavery into any ter
able to the nuerefeetiosia ut human Mature, or is as hy those not Qflumerated, and therefore re
cane; to he formed in 'he Territory 61 newsman
' ' incident to all - eeivernmeets, huweVer perfect, fused to it, was forbidden to touch this matter
rm . () „ sit
p ion was mode. to extend to the Mott. I ern
- which human -wisdom can d ev i, o , in dui sense of attack or offence, it was placed '
tory the restriction originally tipplied to the, eouniry ritory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom,
but to leave the people .thereof perfectly free
Such eubjecueof political agitation es weepy under the general safeguard of the UlliOtt i s i tkr o e d by' w,en th e riv e r s tthi u n od Mississippi, to.furin and regulate their domestic mstitu
• the public mind consist, to a great extent:of ex- in the sense of defence against either iriva- Most questionahle as was this proposition dons in their own way, subject only to the
- aegeration ofinevitabie evil s , or' over 2 , 0 0.1 0 so . stole ur domestic violence, like all other local in all its constitutional relations, nevertheless c o nstitution of the United States.”
cial imnrovement, or mere Imagination of grist , . interests of the several States. E ac h State it received the sanction of Congress, with The measure could not be withstood upon
once, having but one remote connection with any expressly stipulated, as well, for itself as for I some slight modifications of line, to save the its merits alone. It was attacked with vitt
• of the corretautional functions o r dun es of the f e d. each and all of its citizens, and every cttizen y existing rights of the intended new State. It levee, on the false and delusive pretext, that it
era! hoverement. To whetever ex tent th o s e I eftrach State became solemnly bound by his was reluctantly- me t tlies'en in by Southern constituted a breach of filth. Never was fth.
questions exhibit a tentlency menacing ,to th e I allegiance to the Constitution, dint any person States as it sacrifice to the cause- of peace je e iion more utterly destitute of substantial
stability of the Comaitution, or the intetirit) of held to service or labor in one State, c,caping and of the Union, not only of the rights stipte I justification. When, beforeewas it imagined
the Union, and no teenier, they demand th e c on- into anuther e should not, in consequence orally lined by the treaty of Louisiana, but of the by sensible men, that a regulative or deelnra
• eideration of .the Executive and require to be law or regulation thereof, he discharged front i priiwiple . of equality mien% the States guar- tive statute, whether enacted ten or forty years
presented by him to Confess: such service or labor, but should be . delivered , ended in the Cuestitution. It was received I ago, is irrepesdahle,—that an act of congress - is
Before the Thirteen Colonies became a eon- up on claim of the patty to whom such ser- Iby the northern States with angry nun resent- ;shove the constitution? If, indeed, there
. federative of independent States, they were as- vice of labor might be due by the laws of his i ful condemnation utel complaint, because it were i n the facts any cause to impute bad
. sociated only, by cutumunity of trans-atlantic. State. . 1 (lid not concede all which they had exactingly faith, it would attach to those only, who have
- origin, by geographical position, and by the Thum. and thus only, by the reciprocal gun - : dementia Having passed through the foetus O mer ceased, front the time of the enactment,
mutual tie of 'common dependeoice 'on Great rarity of all the rights of every State against ; of legislation it, took its place in the statene of the restrictive provision to the present day,
' Britain. When that tie was .sundeeed, they interference on the part of another, wag the book, standing open to repeal, like any other to denounce and to condemn it ; who have con
severally assented the power and rights of present turtwof govertunent eetahlished by our , act or doubtful constitutionality, subject to be Istantly refused to complete it by needful
absolute self government., The municipal and litthere amid transmitted Inns ; and by no other , pronouneed null :nil void by the conre..i of law, supplementary legislation ; who have them-
Stieial institutions of each, its laws of property means is it possible for it to exist. If one and posseesi we no pissible efficacy to control i selves again and again attempted its,repeal by
sod of personal relation, even its political or- State ceases to respect the rights of miming-, : the rights of the States, which might thereat . - th e ena c tment ofincompatible provisions; and
. Rnization, were such (mhos each ma: chose to and obtrusively intermedd les with ,its local ie. :to he organized out of any part of the origi- I who, by the inevitable reactionary effect of
establish, wholly
-without nitecfcrenee front any lerests,—if a portion - of the States assume to ' nal territory a L.uimiona. . • their own violence on the subject, awakened
.
other. " impose their institutions on the others, or re- In :all this, if any aggression them were, nny•l the country to perception of the true consti-
In the language of the Declaraticin of Inde- fuse to fulfill their obligations to them,--we innevation upon pre-existing rights, to which i tutional prtnciple, of leaving the matter in
.
Pendenee, each State had "full power to levy are no tinnier united friendly States, but el is- port ion u fthe Union arethey juetly chargeable ? volved to the discretion of the people of the
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, estab• greeted hostile ones, with little cepachy left of i This controversy pit seed away with the tic- 1 respective existing or incipient States.
• dish commerce, and' to do all other acts and coalmen advantage., hut abundant means el re- elision, nothing surviving it save,' the domino, It is not pretended that this principle, or any
'things which independent States may (Wright cynical injury and mischief'. - , letter of the statute, other, precludes the possibility of evils in
doh" The several colonies differed in climate, Prat-neatly, it is immaterial whether a g gres- But, long afterwards, when by the proposed practice, disturbed as political action is liable
in soil, in naturalstroductious, he religion, in sive interference between the States, orelib- accession of the republic of Teens, the United, to be by-human passions. No form of govern
systems of education, in legislation, and in 'the ,I erate refusal on the part or any one of theiw to States were to take their next step in territorial ment is exempt from its conveniences : but in
tunas of political oulmitustration; and they ncomply with conetitutiona I obligations, arise greatness, a similaaeontingency occurred, and this case they are the result of the abuse, and
continued, to (infer iu these respects when they from erroneous conviction or idled prejudice, became the oceasion for systematized attempts not of the legitimate exercise, of the powers
• voluntarily allied trieneselvenas States to carry whether it be perpetrated by direction or kiln to intet vette ill the domestic affairs of one see- reserved or conferred in the organization of a
em the war of the revolution. . I rection. In either case, it is full of threat and thin of the Union, in defiance of their rights a s territory. They are not to be charged to
The objects of that war was to diseethrall 1 of danger to the durability of the Union. States, stud ef the stipulations ()into constine te
the great principle of popular ivereign
- 'the tented Culouies from foreie
0 n rule, wh kit I CONSTITUTIONAL RaLATIoNS OP SLAVERY; don. Thine attempts assumed a practical Ito on the contrary, they disappear before
had proved to be oppressive, cud to separate I Placed in the office of Chief Mattis:tete as direction, in the shape of persevering endear , - the intelligence and patriotisth of the people;
the permanently Jana the mother country : the executive agent of the whole country, ors, by some of the representatives, in both exerting through the ballot-box teaser peacdul
the political resuil was the. foendati o n of a fed- ! bound to take care that the laws be faithfully - R euse s o f Cun A resS, to deprive the Southern and silent but irresistible power.
oral republic of the fr e e white men of the col- executed, cud specially enjoined by the Con- States of the supposed benefit of the 'provisions If the friends of the Constitution are to have
oniea l outitituted, al they were, in distinct stitOti o n to give informatio n to Congress on of the authorizine the organizati o n of th e another struggle, its enemies could not present
and iudepeudeut State euvernments. - the ewe of the Union, it would be palpable I State of Missouri. a more acceptable issue, than that of a. State,
As for the subject races, whether Indian or neglect (-seamy on my part to pass over a stun I But the good sense of the people, and the whose constitution clearly embraces "a repub-
Africau, the wise and brave statesume of that. ject like this, which, beyond all th Mos at the vital force ()I' the constitution, triumphed over lican form of government," being excluded
day, being engaged in no extrav a ga n t sehiene preeem time, vitally coneerns, individual and sections , ' prejudice and the political errors of from time Union because its domestic institu
te social change, left them us they were, and public security, time day, and the State of Texas returned to tions may nut in all respects comport with the
thus preserved themselves and their posterity It has been matter of painful regret to see the Union as she was, with social institutions ideas of what is wise and expedient entertain
from the nearcier. and the evarerecurring civil I States, conspicuous for their services in lone- which her people had chosen for themselves, ed in some otter State. Fresh front ground
wars, which have prevailed in other revulutiuu-i dine this republic, and equally :Marine . its ad-annexing
,n with express agreement, by the re less imputations of breach of faith against
e
ized European colonies of Ainerica. vantages, disregard their constitutional obli- I net, that she should he susceptible of subdivn i others, men will commence the agitation of
When me confederated States fliand it con- prime: to it. Although conscious of their in- Edon into a plurality of States. this new questkn with indubitable violation
venieut to modify the conditions of d heir assu- I ability to DeOl admitted a nd .
palpable social Whatever udvantage the interests of the of an express compact between the indepen s
elation, by giving to th e general government I evils of their own , an d w hi c h a re completely I Southern States, us - such, gained by this, were dent sovereign powers of the United States
direct access e iii some respects, to the people I within their jurisdiction, they errgege in the far inferior in results, as they unfolded in the and of she republic on Texas, as well as of the
of the State n inetead of ceubuing it to action f offensive and hopeless undertaking of reform- progress of time, to thinsolwhich sprang from I older and equally solemn compacts, which as
on the States as auch, they proceed to frame 1 ine the domestic institutions of other States i previous concessions made. by the South. sure the equality of all-the States.
- the existing inm e nt u t am , adh e ring steadily to i wholly beyond their control and authority- la , To every thoughtful friend of the Union— But, deplorable as would be such a viola
one guiding th oug ht, w hi c h wa s, to dele g ate ! th e vain pursuit of ends. by them entirely un- to the true lovers of their cou'inry—to all who don of compact in itself, and in all its direct
nub' such power as wee necessary and proper ' attainaltle, and which th e y ma y no t l ega lly a t- l onge d a nd l a b o red fur the full success of this ! consequences, that is the very /east of the evils
, .
to the exe cu ti v e o f s p ere fi c p ur p oses , or , in .44- tempt to Coaw as s , th e y per il t h e ver y ex i s t- great experiment of republican institutions— involved. When sectional tritators shall
er words, to retain as much as possibln coehst- ence of the Constitution, a n d a ll th e coun tl ess it was caus e of g ratulati o n that such an up- have succeeded in forcing on this issue, can
eutly wan those purposes, of the tielepeutteet benefits which it has conf erre d. - - m i n e th e p or t un ity h a d o c curred to illustrate, our ad- their pretensions fail to he met by counter
powers While iudi%klual Stan F
Staten qbjects of people of thennouthern Slates confine their at- ! vaucing power en this continent, and to fur- , pretensions? Will not different States be
__ _se milll4l.l.delettelt- alld-Se-Clirit 7 ,--t-hey-elartkahtli—tpittiori_to-titt4r-o-wirvati rs, out presuming offi - - j nish tnethe world - sti ditiotral-asses ranee of theneeentepellitil-reepeeti-vely-1401 extremeenwieh
tu_ the geneeadeneveretuem certain carefidly- ciously to intermeddle wall the s o ci a l i ns tit u . ! streng th an d s t a bility o f the constitution.—' extremes? And, if either extreme carry its
'defined thecsithie, leas nig ell others as the den lions of the Northern States, to o ma n y o f t h e 1 etn e , wou ld w i s h to s ee Fl o rida still a Euro- I point, what is, that so far forth but dissoln
egated ri n ehte. of the see-- emu independent' bU% - inhabitants of the latter are pertmi n ently o f g a-- , pe at' c o lony 9. Who wo u ld rejoice to hail tion of the Union? If a tow' State, formed
tereieutice. , nized in associations to inflict liijorY on the ; l'exas as a lone star, instead of one in thegan from the Territory of the United States, be
sues is thethan
comanue theory of our goy- former, by wrongful acts, which n cued be ! a xv of S ta te s ? Wh o d u e s not appreciate the : absolutely excluded from einnissioe therein,
-eratneut, the practical ui,servauce of which has cause of war as between foreign powers, anti incalculable benefits of the .nennisition of that fret of iteelf constitutes the dist-IT
:ear ried us, in,tl ii o a l um:: among modern r ,, p.;f ,., only tin to be such i n our system, because I. misiana? And yet narrow views and - Sl;e.: den of Union between it ant the other States.
Les, through nearly theta generations of thae petpetreted under cover of' the Union. 1 tional purposes would inevitably have exelu- But the process of dissolution could not stop
without the suet of one drop of blood she./ in (led them from the Union. • there. Wuuld not a sectional decision, predu
civillt in impossible to present this subject as
war. With Ireedeiu mid coat:it:tofu l on , truth and the occasion require, without noticing. n- such result be- a But another streggle on the ntme point en- ' c h i mejority of Notes either
e
it has enabled ins to c.i.it.e.uti 6.iiccc•,sfu',. 0u_41,,,„,i t ,,, w t,40,,,t„ r0tim -it ess; -- a ll egat i o , i ,- that northeon or southern, of necessity drive out
- - 11.1elettelenieln against Lenten foie, has enva- the , soul, when our victorious armies returned
-0 v asserted claims anti front Mexico, and it devolved on Congress to th e. ,nP Pr e 'l 11 "
r ee l 114 f,c,mej colonies - into peon y rrui s . . South has persisten aggrieved minority, are!
eine, t L . i a t
eatei haste/Jell vet. nelastnal pronacto, is. awl o ' a nen e l ves to time practical ad""is"pLai e in presence of each other two irrecenci
provide fun' the territories acquired by the , „ ,
~•1 „ fed „ • . 9
tr.arJui nt the getters' novernment, to the pre- , trinity of Guadalupe 'Bleier()
our teratatecee «inch tnenports the In the •
judiee of the North, and in which the latterhas tinning of th.• sni,jpe had now lie:!:!:luiegdr(i‘sattio7t iarny oosti t Lein i . era t e ms .
L i s o ec os,ary to speak thus plainly of pro-
level ofifitt xi el em and u-re - e-..- La' /m , eflnu
e ' ' 1 jests, the oli--oriti.". of that sectional a , ,itation
rope Stud Ilse aihuiraute adannemo of our arlfii"P". That Is, the. Steen, which either and clear to the eon tee ,t of tin- pubhc mutt ,
I , o,lide.triivilit ." 4ltoilw4uilic,., ,
combin;:
j,, promote or tele:sae attacks on the rights of 'which eppreeieted the eels - of sectional eon- now prevailing in some ef the
,ntates, winch
n e „,n! ee le.„„ .e .,,, wee w i th 1ti ,... i .,
~.„,,,
, te0n,t.,14 7 rrs'ins' and of property in oilier States, to ills- troverey upon the q ue s ti on o f th e admi s sion ,if are as impracticable as they are u weinstitu:
.hah
t.,tor.
prri,4 . waii;),, .
~ra
no‘.,,ru _ guise th e i r o w n inju s nee, pretend or inseehte, new Stetch in that crisis im.snse solienuile doyen, end which if persevered . in. in t usestai
and cietstantly a ve r, t h a t : h ey , w h„,„. ce „, o e T ee:venal the ulti.n. Bat the potrione imetin will end calamitously. It is either ileumon
Lue.ll Ilse , ta.iro to et../ cr a cu.,iLi:.,_iit iii:ll von- tetiewenrighterhrretheehnenematienliv asennffed, se, oinen Is i ili ti I :h urt civil ware or it Is mere angry, idle, Inni
s- n r ie ii.,pu ar to Irt, gun of ry 10 at Inon- a
- gcdelate - SA' - 4tes.
are, thetu A elv es th e aeer e s sore . At the present it"ry r'evi've of: the V- I thu'r 'l l. lids. I.:es/tom nee less di: , turbflr.e et putdie peace end tranquil-
Tim cuilvei , * of flu , 4,21:1141 Shies. is, in li me , this i m p ute d e - h - hreesion, resting, as it -,F.npzu'iur In all th, diffi,,,itic, ...t . the incisors_ it%'. Pisa:mien fir what ? 11 th- pa , - , i ,, n‘oe
____,...114,4 . : (244,5re.i. ,it ~,, , ,,, m igiiwt „ which does, noty to the vague. decnotielm 17 - Charg" t in" "l'i L t wew P.p , re into the I. ['ion. In the nige CO notaticism and partisan spirit diTridh
4 0.1 ii **eau «a the Old W0...d 4.l.l.leu•rutiZl4_ fors el iiolitit4l . agitators, re:env:see itse,t . into tate• cv - euesle ef Inuneresr there war. unteifeznel CS- .. , :cc tLe Le; ripen cue sweat en, it nuend he
_ k g. • i g Ity_Avvel—t 1-ou.lau t
handred and. eighty dollars. Jo the -sante pn•
riod.af eight . toilliou seven hundred and
twenty-threw thotisandeigla Innalred toad
four acres have been surveyed ; but, In con
sideration of the quantity airtmilv• sultfoa
entry, no additional tratls have &eel' brought
into market.
The 0111.0i4VAPI: 1 00 1 !_ of tlut general govern:
pent to the Pistrifl of Colutphip, reuders it
proper to tontinegul to your care not only iLy
* material, but also its moral interests', including
• tion, Mere egpccintly in those -parts of
the Diitrict outside. of Ow cities of Washington.
And Georgetown,
The ecirs . missieeers appointed to revise and
codify the laws of the Ihsirict have made sue!'
progress in the perfurins• nue of their task as to
Insure its completioe ip the time prescribed by
FRANKLIN PIERCE.
WASIII . NGTON. De(,e»iber
. 31, 1855.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
To the Honorable the Senators and Members of
the House of .Representutives of the General
- Assembly :
GENTLE,•, , 4 Frs:—A kind Providence has great
ly blessed our Commonwealth during , the past
year. No foreign war, no internal strife have
interrupted or destroyed the peaceful quiet of
our homes. All the'great interests of the pto
ple have been eminently prosperous. The
earth, in rich abundance, has yielded her in•
crease to supply our wants, and reward with
her bounties the labor of .the husbandman.
Labor, in every department of manufacturing
and mechanical industry, has been stimulated
and encouraged. The ravages of disease and
the horrors of the pestilence have been averted
from us ; and whilst the. cry of human suffer
ing, from other States. has been heard invok
ing our sympathy and aid, we have been
blessed with health and permitted to enjoy the
comforts and happiness of social life. To Him .
who hath bestowed these blessings upon us;
and upon whose care we are constantly de
pendent, should be ever paid the willing hom
age of our grateful hearts. •
The report.of the State Treasurer will ex
hibit to you, in detail, the operations of his de
partment. The results are more satisfactory
and encouraging than were anticipated.
The receipts at the Treasury for the fiscal
year ending November 30. 1855, including the
balance in the Tteasury on the Ist day of De
eeni ker, 1851, (51,240,928 72) amounted to
,$6,631,402 83. The total payments for:the
•sarne period were $5,385,705 52 ; leaving a
balance in the treasury on the 30th November,
1855; of $1 245,697 31. No loans, temporary
or otherwise, were negotiated dm ing the past
fiscal year, as they were not required by the
wants of the Treasury.
The receipts during the past year, from all
sources, (excluding the balance in the Treasu
ry on the first day of December, 1854.) were
$5,390,474.11. - The ordinary expenditures
for the game period, including the interest on
the public debt, were 84,139.512 28, showing
an excess of receipts over ordinary expendi
tures of 81,250,961 83.
The extraordinary payments for the year
were $1.246,193 24, as follows, viz :—To the
completion of the new Portage railroad over
the Alleeheny mountains, 8446.762 12 ; to
the North Burnell canal, $87,562 67 ; to the
Columbia railroad, to re-lay south track,
$133,100 00 ; to the payment of domestic cred
itors...*l.6f'9 85 ; to the redemption of loans,
$316_,550 60, and to relief notes cancelled,
$260,588 00.
The balance iu the Treasury will be required
for the payment of the interest on the State
debt . talling due in February next, and for un
paid appropriations. The interest on the fund
ed debt of the Commonwealth, which became
due in February and August last, was prompt
ly paid ; and it is gratifying to state that the
interest due in February next will be paid with
equa! promptness. The credit of the State
may be regarded as firmly. established, and
with proper economy and a careful and honest
management of her finances, an annual reduc
tion of her debt, to a considerable extent, may
be confidently expected.
There is due by the Treasury to the sinking
Fund the sum of $335,911 39, to be applied
to the redemption of the relief notes now in
circulation, and to the funded debt of the Com
monwealth. The greate? part of the funded
debt bears interest at the rate of five per cent.
per annum ; the balance bears a still less rate
of interest. But as the temporary loans, which
by law are to be first paid out of the available
means of the treasury, bear interest at the rate
of six per cent., it has been.deemed advisable,
as a matter of economy, to apply the surplus
revenues to the payment of those loans. When
these are liquidated, the amount due and prop
erly applicable to the Sinking Fund will be
paid, and its operation continued as directed
by law.
- Notwiihstanding the revenues for the last
four or five years have largely exceeded the
ordinary expendidures of the government, yet
in .consequence of the large and insatiable de
mands upon the Treasury for the completion
of the North Branch canal, the Portage railroad
and other kindled itnproveinents, the public
debt, instead of being reduced, has been in
creased. This increase, with the amount and
condition of the debt at different periods, will
be seen in the following statements :
Statenscnt rf thejunded and unfunded debt of
the Com mon wealth on the Ist duy rf December,
1851. as per rep Ut (f the duailor General.
Fueled dobt, viz: •
el yer• luaub, 82,314,023 51
36.7114,4.,4 03 •
4 1 4 do., 10S,:200 00
Total funded debt. , ---539.21t3,707 54
r nitinded dent, viz
'dirt 1...t0
Interest ert titteate , s unt,t..inding, 150,231 S 2
Do. do. uncial ed, 4.44 s
lute. - est nn J•ut , tanding aui un
cl,timed %%Len funded. 9,75'2 91
Doweetic 74
ToLid debt December 1, ISSI, 40.114,236 39
Siti:eirtcra zhtfitein . z the indebtedness of the Com-
Inuntcyallk un the Ist day of Ilceember, 1854,
as per dadilor General's reparl.
debt, sic
per
do ,
4 1 ; dq..,
4
Total turvieti tieht,
Unfundol dela.. Nit :
I).Pre,in e/rCalettion
1 e!•i ce. tia,ite., "el .1 • n
Iko. au,llllC..ti .
Ii un Ola•tan , 1111: ,111-
(Lamed certine.ttn4. tuts led, I ,c7O 97
1),,a14•-•tge 2.707 of
kti.thve te.iiiwrar.) i4).tu of .‘pril
_
14, 1 , a3.
1;.1 "! temporary 'wan of M
obtl tinde.l debt .111 , 1 tvniro
r.irr
To too -..• A d t % • f„;
I=
MEE
=
897.525 85
&7532 104. 93
tri
00
]OO.OOO 00
-- .40,01.?11 90
491,7X1 00
4,446 ;.i,7
360.000 00
4.J0,;33 v 7
~,, ,,, i CI,
for Rank. not charged on State
TrPaNtlre I.olroks.
Relief uotee put in circulation
September. 15354, and 13,4
deemed /Meet/J . l,er 1, 721Z.4,
Total public debt. Deceiubcr 1, 1854,
Du do
Increase of debt in three years. 1.584.450 35
lielunded_and_unfunded_debt,iticludipg_unpaid tempo.
rary loaus, on the lit day of December. 1855 the close or
the last tiscal year, as per report of the A uditor General told
State Treasurer, was as follows. to wit
Funded debt, Tiz
6 per - Cent. loan,
5 do
4,t-i; do
4 do
- Total funded debt,
I:nitided debt, tiiz
Relief notes in circulation, 258,773 00
Interest certitle.ttes outstanding, 29.157 25
Doniestic creditors, 1,264 00
Intl'thee of to ini,orary loc.:: of .April
19, 1853, • 525.000 00
Balance of temporary loan of May
It, 1854, s 346.000 00
Total unfunded debt, •
Total debt December 1, 11355, 41,067,994 72
Total debt, as above stated, December 3,1554. 41,69605 74
Du. do. do. 1, IS5a, 41.007.994 72
! Decrease during the fiscal year, 630,691 02
'Phis statement exhibits the gratitylier fact
that during the fiscal year eliding November
30, 1855, the indebtedness of the Common
wealth has'been reduced $G30,601 02. Dur
ing the same period large appropriations and
payments were made for the completion of
the new Portage railroad, re-laying the track of
the Columbia railroad, arid for other purposes_
Thesedemands upon the Treasury were, with
out the aid of loans; promptly paid.
Refusing to undertake any new scheme' of
internal improvement, limiting alt appropria
tions to the actual demands of the
.occasion,
practising strict economy in all departments of
the government, and holding the receiving and
disbursing agents of the Commonwealth to a
rigid accountability, will greatly reduce the
s i p
m
expenditures. and, un er ordinary circustan
ces, leave an annual luii - of - the revenues to
be applied to the rede piion of the public debt.
The estimated receipts and expenditures for
the current fiscal year teill he presented to you
in the report of the State Treat. urer.. The re
ceipts from the usual sources of revenue above
the ordinary expenditureet. may exceed the sum
of one million and a half of - tiel Id re. These
estimates may approximate the true result ; but
cannot be relied upon with certainty.
By the thirty-eighth section of.the aet of the
16th of April, 1845, entitled **An Act to pro
vide for the ordinary emenses of government,
the repair of -the canals and railroads of the
State, and other claims upon the Common
wealth," the Governer was authorized to cause
certificates of State stock to be issued to all
persons or bodies corporate holding certificates
far the payment of interest on the funded debt.
of the State, which fell due on the Ist day of
August, 1842, the Ist days of February and
August, 1843,and the Ist days of February and
August 1844, in an amount equal to the annuls nt
of certificates so held, upon their delivering tip
said certificates to the Auditor General. - In
pursuance of the' authority thus given, certifi
cates-of,State stock to the amount of four mil
lions one •hundred.and five thousand one hun
dred arid fittYdollars and twenty cents, hearing
interest at the rate of five per cent. per annum;
payable semi-annitally, on the Ist days of
February and August in each year, and redeem
able on or after the Ist day of Angus', 1855,
were issued.. The in tniniti it, period fixed by
law for the redemption of these certificates,
expired on the Ist day of A riga - St last. No
provision has been made lot their renewal or
redemption. • ' .
Although by the terms of the act authorizing
these certificates of State stock, as also by the
conditions of the certificates issued in parsti
antethereof, the time of payment, after the ea•
ptrattort of the mittitunitt period, is optional
with the debtor—the Cointoonwealth--yet a
due regard to the credit of the State requires
that provision should be made lot their renewal
or redemption. .To redeem these certificates a
loan would become necessary, and as a loan
cannot be effected, in the present *tancial
condition of the country, on terms more favor
able to -the State, than those on which► these
certificates were issued, I would recommend
that authority be given to issue the bonds of
the Cotninonwealth in renewal of said certifi
cates, bearing interest at the rate of five per
cent. per annum, payable semi•annaally, and
redeemable on or after' the - expiration of twen
ty years; and that the bonds be issued with
coupons or certificates of interest attached, in
sums, equal in amount to the semi-annual in
terest thereon, payable on the first days of
February and August ire' each and every year,
at such place as may be designated. This
change in the form and character of thy certi
ficates, it is believed, Neill he so advantageous
to the holders, without increasing the liabili
ties of the Commonwealth, as to induce a will
ing and prompt exchange, at a premium, fur
the bonds proposed to be issued.
The condition of the public works, their
general operation, arid the receipts and e 'wend
itures for the past fical year, will he presented
to you in the report of the Canal Commission
ers.
The aggregate receipts at the Treasery from
the public works, for the year ending Novem
ber 30, 1855, were $1,942,376 71. The ag
gregate expenditures, Including ordinaryand
extraordinary payments, for the same period,
amounted to $1,838,791 18, showing an ex
cess of receipts, over all expenditures, of
$103,585 53.
The extraordinary payments for the same
year, (excluding $133,100 00 paid for re-lay
ing the south track .of the Columbia railroad,
and $2.8,000 00 for re-building the Freeport
aqueduct) were $690;427 78. The, ordinary
expenditures were $1,148,363 40:
Aggregate receipts, as above
stated, $1,942.376 71
Ordinary expenditures, - ' 1.148,363 40
Net revenues for the fiscal year, 794,013 31
This balance exhibits a small increase in the
net revenues, as compared with the net reve
nue-3 of 1854; and notwithstanding, the -w ith
d rawal of the transportation lines from the
main line of the canal, the aggregate revenues
for the last year have exceeded the revenues
of 1554 by more than twenty-three thousand
dollars. From the abundant crops of the past
year, the improved condition of the monetary
affairs of the country and the general revival of
business, a large increase in the revenues for
the current year may he confidently expected.
The sum of $161,125 25, has been aid in-
to the Treasury by thf Pennsylvania railroad
company and other railroad companies, as the
tax on tonnage passing over their roads. This
amount largely exceeds the sum paid by the
same companies in 1851.
The Delaware division exhibits a sn tisfac
tory result. The total receipts were 8392,-
673 expenditures, $60.097 86 : showing
a net revenue of $332,575 56. It all our lines
of improvenient exhibited a similar balance
sheet, the peciple would have less cause of
complaint and more confidence in the general
operation of the system:,
There has been a large innrense in the husi.
ness and tonnnue of the Columbia rai Iroad,
and a corresponding increase in time receipts
therefrom. The operation of this r, , ad for the
past year have been ,highly saiisfactory. The
operations of that part of the main line from
the Junction to Pittshurg,, including the Port
a.re rai?road, do not present so favorable a re
snit. The receipts have great ly diminished,
amid were not s ufficient to to fet the erdtwaty
x iendiftues. Toe rEtVeiilll - 4 treth time
Itrir d the seeelyt-, prevj o i t i
cau z cs ut 1111 b re tIttelr::11 are ap
4 32.5.009 00
50 . 00 0 00
75,C00 00
41,698.595 74
40,114.236 39
--=-6516,154 93
35.903.445 54
- Z,85,200 CO
100.000 00
_539,907,500 48
'1.150,194 2$