litsintss
AVPHRSON & YOUNGLI
ATTORNR
TOWANDA, PA.
'. Stut i llEßSON.
U. J. YOUNG.
WILLIAMS At, ANGL E ,
. ATTORNEYS-4 r-LA ur,
TOVPAINTDA, A.
Met-4121a street, opposite Post-OMee.
16teb82 E. J. AxilLs
N..WILLiAm 9
DAMS, it. HALL,
Artoiumars,ter-Law,
EOLITH SIDE OF WARD 110(78F..
De o 23-75.
(ZAM.
AITORIVET-AT-LAW,
TOW'AFDA PESS'4
Once—At Treasurer's Office, ht CeettXiouse.
licrs.lr7L
ApILL
M
' ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW.
Oflace—Roans formerly occupied by Y: M. C. A.
Reading Room.
LI. J. MADILL. 3,18,50 O. D. KINNEY.
JOIIN W. CODDING,
Arron*Er-Ar-LAw, TOWANDA, PA.I,
41:b. , 74, over Ktrby's Drug Store
THOMAS E. MYER
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
WYAtUSING, PENN,A.
•
partiodAr attention paid to business In the Or
lacts' Court owl lo Ibc settlement or estates.
--teldeinber 25, MS.
- -
:pECK Az, -OVERTON
ATTOIi.ISEYS-ATLEN;
•
--
TQWANDA, r A..
WA. (WEIRTON;
I),ODNEY A. MERCUR,
ITTOR:i FY AT-LAW,
TOWANDA, PA.,
Solicitor of Patents. Partlettlar attention paid
to tm,tness in the Orphans Court and to the settle
ment of eciateh..
mace In 311ontanyes-f3lock
OVERTON S; SANDERSON,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW .
TOWANDA, PA.
JOHN F. SANDERSON
f.. OVERTON. JR
11._.TE ! SSUP,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW,
AIONTIZOSE. PA.
Jes:ip hawing re•mmed the practiceof the
acv in Northern Penttzyivanta,will attend to any
egal loudness intrusted Whim In Bradford county.
wishing 'to consult him, can call on H.
Esti., Towanda, l'a., when an appointment
HENRY
,STREETER,
ATTORNET::RNEO COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW,
*WANDA, PA
lip
ATTORNEY-AT-LAN, -
TOWANDA, PA. (nOVII-75
,11 . 1.1A1. E. LULL,
hIiTILVEVOIL
SIALVEYING AI , ID DRAFTING.
')Rice with (1: F. 31aann, over-ratch & Trucy,
Main street, , • .1.15.a0.
F I LSBREE .& SON,
ATTOREYS-AT-L AR,
TOWANDA, PA.
!S. C. ELSEREL
TOHN W. MIX,
ArrA.M.!SES-At-LAW AND U. S. COMIIISSIONZR,
TQW A NILL, PA.
r. ce- - -N Grit Side Public Square
ANDREW 'WILT,
t) •
ATT9RNS.Y-AT-LAW.,
.
I 0 , ,, , A—M Pair , ' Block, NI all'. st, ovet J. L. Kent's
st_r,, rowal .. May be consulted In German.
[AVr1112,,76.]
f lit. S. M. WOODBURN . , Physi
riAn and Surgeon. °Mee at rtsltlenee, on
I street. first door north of M. F'.4 littreh.
• Aptii 1, ISM
•
TB. KELLY, DENTIST.—Office
A v • oven]. E. Posentield's, Towanda, Pa.
..r..,•lllln,erttnl on Gold. Silver, Rubber, and Al.
tuniutu have. Teeth extrheted withoptpain.. .
.
1- 1
• I). PAYNE, M. D.,
-4
j o rtrit.ICIAN AND SURGEON.
612, , oV , Ir Slontanyes' Store. °ince hours from 10
to 12 A. lg.. and from 2 tu 4 1.. It.
Special atlelitlon given to
111.9.1 , . ,
F.
)15'; ; S DISFASES
__ / and OF
!THY ETEI ? VIE EAR
C a L. LAMB,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
North Frankllti•st., Wllkeb-Barre, Pa
.9welal attention Alien to collections In Luzerne
kawanna comities. References: lion. P.-
1), Al•irrow; First National Bank, Towanda.
,S: RUSSELL'S
GENERAL
INSURANCE AGENCY
3s4otr. TOWANDA. VA.
I. 4 .I DWARD WILLIAMS,
PRACTICAL PLUMBER 4. OAS FITTER
P It t'e of totstnestt, a few doors north of Post-Office
P:all.ll)ing, Ga 3 Fitting, Repairing Pumps of all
and all kinds of hearing promptly attended
to c , 411. wantlttg. work in Els line should glee him
a • 11cc. 4, 1879.
VIRST NATIONAL BANK,.
!TOWANDA ; PA
.IVITALTAID 15
Sr ::11.CS FUND...
This flank o'rr..rs farilit leo for the trans
6 , :c..e or, a zenerai lqiuking business: ,
N. N. BETTS, Cashier
JOS. pow ELL, President.
Tp:NRY HOUSE,
N MA! k -WASHINGTON STREETS
F 1:04T )VAILD, TOWANDA, PA
1.1 , :“:.:tt Ali hour'. Terms to sult the times. Large
stablesattarbed.
WM t 11 F:NftY, rnorniziou.
T.l: Ands, 3184..2. n'tqf
j\l E'AT MARKET!
C. M. NITE R,
L.nated in
1.7:11)1.,:m.tx•s BLOCK, BRIDGE •STBEET,
Keep on hand,
FRESH AND SALT MEATS,
DIUED - BEEF, FISH, POULTRY,
'GARDEN VEGETABLES AND BERRIES IN
THFUR 81cAriON, &c
air All goods dellirtred free of charge
P• Mgt 111.
INSU.R ANCE!
C. S. RUSSELL, Agent,
TOWANpA, PA.
FIRE, LIFE, AND ACCIDENT
POLICIES
limed on Eby moat reasonable torme
None but reliable companies represented.
Losses adjusted stid paid here.
Towanda, Noir. 11. 171.
AI)AtINISTRATRIX'S NOTICE
I..tters of administration having been grant
c•l to the under•lgned, upen the estate-of Illlten
usour.late of Springfield twp...deeessed,netice is
11 ..r.-hy r givetl that all->pertionit indebted to the said
relate are requettrul t. make Immediate payment,
nud glrpersnus having elating against said estate
tno,t pr”sent the rneue duly authenticated:to the
tw.lerstgheil for settiritteitt.
ANN SE YllOllll,
A tlmt nb•trarxix, with the VII anneled,
'Feb. 2, .
•
Otlpqr-LlllereurNet
nut ut met, up stain'
TOWANDA, ra..
Deliw•ered In the 'House of ilepresen
Wires, on Monday, Feb. 27. 11182.
Mr. PRESIDENT Fort the second
•
time in this generation the great De
partments of the Gove=rnment of the
United States-are assembled .iti -- -the
Hall . , of Representatives to do honor
to the memory of a murdered Presi
dent. Lincoln fell at the elose of a
mighty struggle in which the passions
of men had been deeply stirred. The
tragical termination of his great life
added but another to the lengthened
succession of horrors which had
marked so many lintels with the
blood of the first born; Garfield was
slain in a day of peace, when brother
had been reconciled to brother, ancl
when • auger and hate had been ban
ished from the land." Whoever shall
hereafter draw the portrait of mur
der, if
_he will show it as it has been
exhibited wherif such example was
last to have been looked f6r, let. him
not,give it the grim visage . or Moloch,
the brow knitted by revenge, the face
black with settled hate.i Let him
draw, rather, a • decorous, smooth
faetd, bloodless demon ; not so much
an example - of human nature in its
depravity and in its paroxysms of
crime, as an infernal being, a: fiend in
the ordinary display and develop
ment of his character."
Stay /,'79
. From the landing of the Pilgrims
Ea Plymouth till the upfising against
Charles 1., about twenty thousana
emigrants came from vld England to
. New-England.. As they came in pur
suit of intellectual freedom and ecel
siastical independence rather thlin
for worldly honor and profit, the em
igration-naturally ceased *hen the
contest for religious liberty began in
earnest ; at home.- 'The man who
struck - .his most effective • blow for
freedom
freedom of conscience by sailing_ for
the colonies in 1C)20 would have been
accounted a descrier to leave after
Feb 27, '79
16,10. The opportunity . had then
come on the soil, of Brigland for that
great contest which established the
authority of . Parliament; gave relig
ions freedom to• the .. ..people, sent
Charles to the block, and committed
to the hands of 'Oliver Cromwell the
supreme Executive authority of En
gland.. The Englis'h emigration was
never renewed, and from theSe 20,0(:0,
men, with a small emigration from'
Scotland and from France, are . de
scended :the vast , nuinbers who have
New-England bloOd in their veins.
In 1085 the revocation of the edict
of Nantes by Louis:XlV. scattered
to other countries. four hundred thou
qand 'Protestants, who 'were ,among
the most intelligent and enterprising
of French sutilectsmerehants of
capital, manufacturers and hanii
craftsmen. superior at the time to MI
others in Europe.. A considerable
L.ELsßnict
Jan.l,lS7S
. .
number of these lingenot Erench
came to AnwriCti.; a few landed in
New-England:and became honorably
prominent in . history. Their names
have in large, part become Anglicised,
or have disappeared, but their blood
is traceable in many of the most re
putable families ,
l and their fame is
perpAnatedjin liquo,rable memorials
and useful institutions.
FroTh•thek two squ'rees, the Eli
ali-3.11-Puritan:antl‘ the French-Fluge:
not, :came tlie late President--his
.
father, Abram Garfield, being de
scended from. the one, and his ne,ther,
Piza Ballau, from the othe - r. It was
e,oodstock on both sides--none -bet
ter, none braver, none truer. Therm
was in it an inheritance of courage,
of manliness, of imperishable love of
liberty, of undying adherence . to
principle. Garfield was proud of his
blood ; and, with as tuna satisfac
tion as if he were a British nobleman
reading his stately ancestral record
in Burke's Peerage, he spoke of him
self as ninth in descent fiorn . those
who would not endure the oppression
of the Stuarts ; and seventh in descent
from the brave" French Protestants
who refused: ;to submit 1.:C! tyranny
even from rthe Grand Monarque.
Generd Gardeld delighted to dwell
on these traits r and, during his 'only
visit to England, he busied himself
in discovering ' every - trace of his
forefathers in parish registries and
on ancient Army rolls. Sitting with
a friend in the gallery of the House
of Commons one night after a lon:t
days Jaborin this field of research,
he said with evident elation that in
every war in which for three centu
ries patriots of - English -- blood had
struck sturdy blows, for constitutiOnal
government and human liberty; his
family had been represented." They"
were at Marston Moor, at Naseby
and at Preston ;= they were'at Bunker
Hill, at Saratoga, and at Monmouth,
and in his -own person had battled
fir the same great cane. in the war
which preserved the Union of the
States. •
.........8123,000
75,000
_1
Losing his 'father
,before he was
two years old, the early life of Gar
tiqd was one of privation, but its
p , verty has-, been 'indelicately and
unjustly prominent. .ThoUsands. of
readers have imagined him as the
ragged, starving child whOse reality
too often greets li the eye in the squalid
sections of our large cities. General
Garfield's infancy and youth had
none of their destitotion, none of
their pitiful features appealing to the
tender heart and to the open hand of
charity. lie was a poor buy in the
same sense in which Henry Clay *us
a poor boy; - in which Andrew Jack
son was a 'poor boy; in which Daniel
Webster was a poor boy; in the
sense
. in which ° a large majority of
the . .eminent men of America in all
generations have been poor boys.
Before a great multitude of men,. in
a • public speech, Mr. Webster lore
this testimony • ,
" It did not happen tolte . tp. be
born in, a log' cabin, but my elder
brothe4'and sisters were :horn in a
lom 6
cabin raised amid the snowdrifts
of New-Hampshire, at - a period so
early that when the, smoke rose first
from its rude chimney and curled
over the frozen hills there
_was'no
similar evidence. of a white man's
habitation between it and • thi.! settle
ments on the rivers of Canada: Its
remains Still exist. , I make to it au
annual carry' my children to
it to teach them thetardshipeudured
by, the generations which ,gave gone
C: M. 114YRE
BM
4
ENIMMIIa
MARSH & HITCHCOCK, Proprietors.
VOLUME XUI,
Blaine's Eulogy on Garfieldd
GARFIELD e R EARLY LIFE
11111
, - • ;_ •
';
--.- •
..1 4 7
', _ _
k.
- :.;,
7' ' 2
• •! -
before theni.• 'I loVe to dwell on the
tender reconeetionS, the kindred ties •
the early affections, and the tpitching
narratives and incidents whielt min
gle with all I kno* of liiisquilinitiie
family aeodeb"..: '• 1• .;
With the requisite changef scene
the same-words would aptly.'
rtray
the early days of Garfield. TIM pov
ii3
erty of the frontier, *here all are en
'gaged in. : 4l common 'struggle and
where . a common sympathy and
.hearty cooperation -lighten the bur
dens of .each, is a very different pov,
erty, different in kind, 'different in.
influence and effect, from that con
scious and humiliating indigence
which is every day forced to contrast
itself with . neighboring wealth on
which it feels a sense of grinding de
,pendenee.. - The poverty of the fron
tier is in4eed no poverty. ItAs.but
the beginning of wealth, and has the
bound o lois possibilities of the Iftiture
always - opening before it. -No man
ever grew -up in. the agricultural re
gions of the West where a house
raising, or even a corn-husking,. is
matter of common interest and help
fulness, with any other feeling than
that of broad-minded, generous inde
pendence. This honorable independ
ence marked - the youth of :Garfield
as it marks the youth of millions of
the best blood and brain 'now itrain
ing for the. future citizenship and
future government of the 'Republic.
Garfield "as horn heir to' land, to the
title of freeholder, which fins( been
the patent and passport of'self-rOpect
with the A nglo-Saxon race' ever! since
Hengist and Floysa landed ol) the
shores. of England. ' His adventure
on the canal—an .alternative betiveen
that and the deck of a Lakel Erie
schooner- T wal a farmer boy's device
for earning money, just as the :Nee--
England lad begins a . possibly great .
career by sailing 'before the mast on
a coasting vessel or on a merchant
miin bound to the farther Ind*or to
the China Sea. No manly Man feels'
anything of - shame in looking, back
to early struggles with - adverse cir
cumstances, and no man feels a wor
thier pride' than when•• he has con
quered the obstacles to his progress.
But no one of noble mould desires to
he ,looked upon as having occupied a
menial - position,. as having been re
pressed by a feeling of infericirity, or
iSllaving suffered the evils of pover
'ty.':Aintil _relief was found at the hand
of charity: 0-encl.:A Garfield's youth
presented no hardships which family
love and faMily energy did not over
come, subjected him to no privations
Which he did not . cheerfully accept,
and left no memories save, those
which were recalled with delight and
transmitted with profit And • with
pleasure.
Garlield's early opportunities fik
securing, an education were extreme_ ..
l} and yet were • suffieient to
develop in him an intense. desire to
learn: - He could read at three years
of age, and each winter he had the
advantage of the district school. He
read. - all the books to be found with
in the circle of his acquaintance ;
some of tivim he got by heart. While
yet in childhood .he was a constant
qtnirent of the Bible, and became
farbiliar with its literature. The
dignity and earnestness of his speech
-in his mature lite gave evidence of
early -training. At eighteen years of
age he was able to teach - school, and
thenceforward his ambition- - was to
obtain a college education. To this
n-I he bent all his : • efforts, working
in the harvest field, at the carpenter's
tench, and in the winter season,
teaching the common . schools of the
neighborhood. While . thus labor
iously occupied he found time to
prosecute .his studies, and was so
successful that at twenty-two years
of. are he was able to enter the juw
class at Williams College, then
under the presidency of the venerable
and honored Mark .iopkins, who,
the fullness of his power, survives
the eminent pupil to whom, he- was
of inestiinable service.
The history of Garfield's life, to
this period, presents no novel
fea
tures He - . had undoubtedly
_shown
perseverance, self-reliance,. self-sacri
fice, and ambition—qualities which,
be it said for the honor of our
country; arc everywhere to be found
among the young men of America.
But froM his graduation at Williams
onward, to the hour of his
. tragical
deal h, Gal fiel!l's Zrareer was eminent
and - exceptionable. Slowly work
ing-through his edifcation.tl period,
receiving his diprotim when -twenty
four years of age, he seemedi ih , one
bound to.spring into conspicuons and
brilliant success. Within six . years
he was successively president of a
college. State Senator of Ohio; . Ma=
jor-General of the Army of the
t r inity(' States,. and Representiktive
cleat to the National Congreas.•
combination of honors so elevated,
within a period so brief and to a
man so young,is without precedent or
parallel in the history of the country.
A SOLDIER OF THE VINTON:
.
Garfield's Army waS begun
with no other military knOWledge
than such as he had - hastily gained
from books iir the few months preced
ing his match to the ;field.. Stepping .
from civil life to g i''the head of a
regiment, the first 6rder he received
when ready to cress..the Ohio was to
assume command of a brigade, and
to operate as an • independent force
in Eastern Kentucky. His immedi
ate duty was to :check the adVance
of Humphrey Marshilli who' was
inarching - downthel.Big .Sandy with
the intention of oecupying in con
nection with other Contederateforces
the entire territory of Kentucky, and
of precipitating the State into se,-
cession. • This was at the close of
the year 1861. Seldom if ever, has
a young. college 'professor been
thrown into a more embarrassing
and discour6ging positi4n. lie
knew just enough -of military science
nar.he expressed it himself, -to meas
ure the extent of his'ignoritnce,. and
with, a handful of men_ he was march
ing., in rough winter , weather, into a
strange country, among a hostile
population, to confront a. largely
superior force - - under the . command
of a dtatinkuisheitgradnate 'of Weit -
Point, who had seen active and ire
portant service two FTC* iho
WaiOr •
NIEN
ififfil
ECM
TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY: MORNING, MARCH 9, 1892.
- The result of the campaign is natter of
.
•history . The . 21311, the endurance, the
extraordinary energy .shown by Gat
the courage ue imparted to his men, raw
and untried as binotiolf, - the measures be
adopted ter.increase his fOrte and to cre:
ate in the onemy'B mind exaggerated
estimates of his nurnber, .perfcct
fruit in the rent , pg j,f Marshall, the cap .
ture of his. clam, Alm. dispersion :of his
force, and emaneiPailan of an important
territory from th 6 Control of the Rebell
ion. Coining at the clemi;ola long series ,
of d4akiteis:to the Haien arms, Gat
victory had an unuWal and 'extraiteou
importance„ and in rho popular judgment
elevated' the young commandlir to' the
rank of a mill. ary Item. With less than
two thousand men in his entire command,
With a mobilised- force of only eleven
hundred, without cannon,- ho had met
-an army of -five thousatid-
.anti defeated
them—driving Marshall's forces success.
ively from two strongholds of their own
selection; fortified with abuindant art ill
ery. Major General 'Buell, command
ing the department of the Ohio, an ex
perienced and able soldier of the Regular
Army, published au order of thanks and
congratulation on the brilliant result of
the Big Sandy_ campaign, which would.
have turned the head. of a less cool and
sensibl-• man than Garfield. . Buell de
clared that his services had called into
action the highest. qualitic,s'of a soldier,
and President Lincoln supplemented thean
- words of praise by the more. substantial
reward of a Brigadier-General's connuis
sion, to-bear date from the day of his de,
cisive victory over Marshall.
The subsequent military career of Gar.-
field fully sustained its brilliant begin
ning. - With his new commiSsion be was
assigned to the comman.l of. a brigade
in the Army of the Ohio, and took part
in-the second and decisive day's fight in
the gt eat Bat tie of Shiloh. The r. main
der of the year 1862 was not_ especially
eventful to Garfield, es it was not to the.
armies with which lie was sAwing.: His
practical sense was called into exercise
in coulleting the task .assigned hint by
•General Buell, of reconstructing- bridges
and reestablishing lines of railway com
munication for the Army. His occup
tinn in- his useful but not brilliant, lint
was varied by servicti'on courts martial- of
iinportauee, in Which department of duty
he won a valuable reputation,. attraeting
the notice ami securing the appro al of
the able and eminent Judge-Advocate-
General of the Army._ That of itself was
warrant to honorable fame ; for tunong
the great men who in those trying days,
gave themselves ' with entir e devotion, to
The serein e , of .their country, one who
brought to that servicti the ripest learn=
ing, the most fervid eloquence._ the most
varied attainments, - who, labored with
modesty and- shunned applause, - who in
the day of triumph sat reserved and silent
and grateful—as Francis _Dealt, in the
hour,' of Hungaiy's deliverance—was
Joseph Holt, of . K.-nrueky,- who in his
honorable retirement enjoys the respect
and veneration of all who love the Union
of :the States.
Early in 1803 Garfield was asSigneA to
the highly iMpertant and responsible
post of Chief of Staff to Getteral Hose
erans, then at the head of the Army of
the Cumberland. - Perhaps in a great
military campaign no subordinate • officer
requires sounder judgment and quicker
knewledge bf . men , than the Chief of
Staff to the commanding general. An
indiscreet man in-such - a position can sow
more breed more jealousy end
disseminate 1n Ore strife than any other
man in the entire, org. nization. . When
General Gai field assumed his new dutierr
ho found various troubles already well
developed,: and ierionsly affecting the
value and efficiency of-the Army of . the
Cumberland. The energy, the impartiali
ty,- and the tact with which ha tallay
these dissensions, and, to, discharge - the -
dutieS'of his new and trying position, will
always remain oni of • the Itiost striking
proofs of his great versatility. His mili
tary duties closed on the memorabe
of Chickamauga, a field. whic!i, however
disastrous t 3 the Union aims gave to
.him the occasion of winning. imperisha
ble lrts rels. Tile very rare distinction
was aoeordi4l hirri;of a great promotion,
-for his bravery - on a field that was lost.
President Lincoln appointed him. a Ma
j General in the Army of the United
States fot gallant and meritorious conduct
in tie Battle of Chinkainaugu. '
Tffearmy of Cumberland was reorgan
z-d under the command of General
Thonns, who promptly offered Garfield
one of its divisions. He was extremely
desirous to accept the position, but was
embarrass 'd by the fact that Le had, a
year ber.re, been elected, to Congress,
and GI. Hum when he must take his seat,
was drawing near. He preferred to re
main in the military, service,. and had
within his own breast the -largest conti-.
deuce of , sue ess in the wider field which
his new rank opened to hith. Balancing
the argument on one side and the other,
desirous above all things to do his patri
otic duty, he wits decisively influenced
by the advice of 'President -Lincoln- and
S'nretary Stantou r both of whom assured
hint that he could,' at: that time, be. of
especial value in the House of Representa
tivcs. He resigned his commission of
!ll.ljor General on the sth day of Decem
ber 1.863, and took his seat in the . Houstt
of Representatives on the 7th. He had
served- two years and four mouths in the
Army, and had just completed his thirty
second year. •
ENTEUING THE WAR CONOIIESS.
The thirty eighth Congress is reernin
ently entitled in history to the designs
thin of the War Congress, It,was elect- .
(Awhile the war was flagrant, and every
member was chosen upon the issues. in
volved in the coutinucatie of the struggle.
The Thirty.seventh Congress had, indeed,
legislated.to a large extent on war meas
ures, but it was chosen before any one .
believed • that secession of the States
would be actually attempted. The mag
nitude of the vo(rk which fell upon its
succ ssor was unprecedented, both in re
spect to the.vast, suing . of mono , raised .
for the support of the Army and Navy,
and of the new; and extraordinary. pow
ers of legislatiOn which' it was forced to
exercise. Only tw.ni y-four States were
represented. and one hundred and eighty
two members were upon its roll. Among
these were many distinguished party
leaders on both sides, veterans . :n the
public service, with. established reputa
tions for ability, and with that skill
v.ilieli.comes only from parliamentary ex
patience. Into this assemblage of men
Gal fild entered without special prepara
thm, and, it 'night 'almost, be said, unex
pectedly. The.gneStion of taking com
mand of a division of troops, under Gen
eral ThomaS or taking his seat in Con
qv:i was kepLopen till the last moment,
so late indeed, that the resignation of his
military commission and his appearance
in the Rouse were almost contempora
neous. lie It .re the uniform ota Major-
General of the United States Army on
Saturday, and on Mond ty, in civilian's
dress,he answered
,to the . roll call • as a
Representative in Congress from' the
State, of, Ohio. •
He was especially fortunate in the con.
stitnency which elected him. Descended
almost entirely from New-England stock,
the 'Men of the Ashtabula District were
intensely radical on all qu stions relating
to human rights. Well educated, thrifty:
thorougtily intelligent in affairs, acutely
discerning of character, not quick to be
stow confidence,' and slow to withdraw it,
they , were at once the most helpful and
most exacting o. sup2orters. 'Their tens =
ciou. trust •in men in ahem they have
once couildni is illustrated by the unpar
alleled fact that; Elisha Whittlesey, Joshua
R. Giddings and James A. Garfield repro.
tented the district for fifty.four years. - .
'.. There is . no test of, a man's ability' in'
any department of public life snore severe
than service in the House of Representa
tives; there
_is no place where so little
deference is paid to repnlatinn previciady
act uirodr or to oluPletic9 won °Meld° ;
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=Luau= OP DERIDIOLLTYOR FROM QUARTER.
.
no place where so little consideration' IS
sh own for the feelings or the failures cC
beginifers. -What • man-. Ping i>a the
House lie gains by sheet force of his own
character, and if he loses and.falls-ba,ck
he must 'expect no mercy; and will receive
no-synnithy: It is a field in which the
survival of the strongest is the recognized
rule, and where no pretence 'eatideceive
and -no t4lamer tan _mislead. `. - The 'reel
man-is discovered, his worth iszimpartial-'
ly weighed; his 'rank is irreversibly de
creed. With - Possibly a single:exception,
Garileld - was the youngest member in the
House when ho entered, and was. but sev
en years from his graduation. Butts had.
not been in his Inuit sixty days before-his
ability was recegnixed and his place con
ceded: Ho stepped to the front withthe
confidence of one who belonged there.
The House was crowded with strong men
of • both parties ; nineteen of them have
since been transferred to the Senate, and
many of them have . 'served With distinc
tion the gubernatorial chairs of their
respective Stites, mitten foreign Missions
,of great consequence; but among them all
none grew so rapidly, none so firmly as
Garfield. As is said by Trevelyan of his
Parliamentary hero. Garfield . succeeded
"because 'all the world in concert could
not have kept him in the backgroUnd, and
because when once in,thei front.he, played
his part with a prompt intrepidity and a
commanding ease. that were but the out
ward symptoms of the immense reserves
of energy on which it was in his - powei to
draw.' Indeed the apparently reserved.
P. -fee which Garfield piasse . ssed was one of
has great characteristics. Be never did
so 'well but that it seemed.heeould easily
have done better. Be 'never expended so
much strength but that he seemed to be
holding additional, power at call.. This is
one of the happiest and rarest distinctions
of an •effective debater, and often counts
for as much in persuading an assembly as
the eloquent and elaborate argunrint.
- 'The great measure of Garfield's fame
Was tilled byhtis sdrvices hillle House of
Representatives. his military life, illus.
traced by honorable . performance. and
rich iu promise, was, as ho himself felt,
prematurely terminated and necessarily
incomplete. Speciilation as to what he
Might have done in a field whore the
glreat prizes are so few cannot be profita
bl. It is. sufficient to say that as a sol
flit* be did his duty bravely; he did it in.
telligently; he won Au enviable fame, nntl
*lce etired from the service without blot
or breath aga'nst.him. as a lawyer, the'
admirably et-nipped for the prorea-ion, he
can scarcely ba said' to have entered on its
practice. *flu) feereff rts be made at the
bar were distinguished by the ranee high
order of talent 'which he exhibited on eve
ry field 'where he was put to the test, and
if a man may bo accepted as a . competent
judge-of his own capacities and atlapa
dons the'law was the profession to which
Garfield should have eevoted himielf.
But fate ordained otherwise, and his rep
utation in history Will rest largely upon
his servide in the House of Representa
tives. 'Mat service was exceptionally
long.. He was nine times consecutively
chosen to the House, an honor enjoyed by
not more than six. other Representatives
of the more than five thOusand who have
been elected from the organiiation of the
Government to this hour. -
As a parliawentary orator, as a-debater
ou an issue squarelyjoiued, wham the po
sition had• been chosen and. the ground
laid, Garfield must bo assigned ti - very
high•rauk. More, perhaps, than any man
with whom ho wa.s associated in public
life, he gave careful and systematic- study
to public questions, and ho cairn to every
dtscussiou in which ho took part with
elabOrate and complete preparation. He
was a' steady and indefatigable Worker.
Those who imagine that talent or genius
can supply the place or achieve the results
of labor -will 'find no encouragement hi
Garlield's life. In preliminary work he
was apt, rapid and skilful. Ho possessed,
in a high degree, the power Of readily ab
sorbing ideas and - facts, and, like- Dr.
Johnson, had the ~rt of getting _frOm- a
book all thatrwas of value in it by a read
ing apparently so quick and cursory that
it seemed like a Mere glance at the table.
of contents.
.11c was a preeminently fair'
and Candid man in debate, took no petty
navautage, s.ooped to no unworthy meth- -
ods, avoided personal allusions, rarely ap
pealed to prepidiee,did not seek to inflame
passion. He had a quicker eye. for the
strong point of his adversary than for his
weak point, and - on his -own side he so
Marshaled his
~,weighty arguments as to
make his hearers forget any possible lick
in the complete strength of his position.
He had a habit of stating his' opponent's
side -with such amplitude and fairness,
and suchJiberality . olconcession, that his
followers often complained that ho was
giving his case away. But never in his
prolonged participation iii the proceediugs
-of the House did he give his case away,
or fail•in the judgment of competent and
impartial listeners to gain the mastery.
OPEA,T PARLIAMENTARY LEADERS.
These characteristics, which marked
Garfield as a - great debater, did not, how
ever-. make him is great parliamentary
leader. A parliamentary leader, as that
term is understomi wherever free repre
sentative government exists, is necessarily
and very strict!y the organ of his party.
Au ardent American defined the instinc
tive warnit of patriotism when he offered
the toast. „ Our country,- always right,
but,
_right or wrong, - our country. The
parliamentary leader who has a body of
followers that will do and dare and die
for the cause, is - oneWlici believes his party
always right, but. right or wrong is for his
.party. .No more important or.exacting
duty devolves upon him than the selection
of. the field and the time for the contest.
lie must know not merely how, to Strike,
but whom to strike and when tostrike.
Ho often skilfully avoids the strength of
his opponent's position and scatters con
fusion in . ' his ranks by attacking ail-ex.;
posed point when really the righteousness
of the cause and the strength of logical
intronchment are against him.• He con
quers often both against the right and the.
- heavy battalions ; as when young Charles
Fox ? in the days of his Toryism, carried
the House of Commons against justice,
against its immemoriatrights, against his
own convictions, it, indeed, at that period .
FOx had any .Convictiuns,sand, in the in
terest of a corrupt administration in
obedience to a tyrannical sovereign,-drove
Wilkes from the seat to which the elec-,
tors of Middlesex bad chosen him and in
stalled Luttrell in defiance, not merely of
law, ' but of public . doecitcy. For an
achievement of that kind Garfield was
disqualified—disqualitied by the textttre
of his mind, by the honesty of his heart,
by his conscience, and by every instirt,
and aspiration of his nature.
The three most distinguished parka ,
mentary leaders hitherto developed fin
this emintry are Mr. Clay, Mr. DouglaiSs
anal :Ir. Thaddeus Stevens. Each was a
maii • of. contaminate ability, of great
earnestness, of intense personality, Offer
ing widely each from the, others, and yet
with . a 'signal trait in contriAcinthe
pewee" to . command. In the give and
take_of - daily - dismission ; in ;the art of
contolling tend - consolidating reluctant
and refractory followers; ill the skill to.
overcome' ll Ibrins of opposition and to
meet with competency. and courage the
varying phases of unlooked-for assault
utemspeeted defection, • it would be
difficult to rank with these a fourth name
in all- ur Congressional history. plit of
these -Mr. Clay was the greatest. It
would, perhapS, be impossible to find in'
the parliamentarir annals of the world a
- parallel to Mr. City in *hen_ at
sixty-four years of age he took tho con
trol of the Whig party from the President
who had receive .t their suffrages i against
the pewer of Welitter • in the Cabinet;
again:it the eloipiente of 'Choate - in-the
Senate, against thehercidean efforts of
Caleb C-ushing. and - Henry' A. =Wise in
the House,_, in unshated leadership, - in
the pride "and :plenitude of -power; he
titlFl944gidon 40114 --Tyler ;_with deepest
. -
NZ=
ME
ORATOR AND DEBATER.
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• scorn the Masi of thateenipiefing column
whiCh had swept, over the land in MO
and drove Ins , administration • to .seek
Shelter,behind the lines of ilis.:politieal
toe's, Mr. Douglass achieved a victory
.searcely less:Wonderful w ,
hen in 1854;
against the 'Secret: desires of, a strong
administration s against the - wise counsel
of the Oldercluefs,against the•conserva
tire instincts and even the: moral sense
of the conntry,,he forced - a relectent.Con
,
gress intoa repeal of the Missouri com
promise. Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, in his
contests from. 1865 to 18(18, actually
advane3d ;his parliamentary !etdership
until Congress , tied the hands of the
President and govei ned the country by
its own will, leaving only. - ,perfunet.iry'
duties to be discharged by the Executive.
With two !Mildred millions of patronage
in his hands at the opening of the con
test, aided by the active force, of Seward
•in the Cabinet and the : moral politer of
Cheap_ on .the bench, Andrew Johnson
could not command the support of one
third in either house against the parlia
mentary uprising •ef •which Thaddeus
Stevens was the animating spirit and the
unquestioned leader. • .
From these three great men Garfield
differed radically, differed in the quality
of his. mind, in temperament, in the form
and-phase' of ambition.. He Could not
do what they did, but he:could do what
they could not, end in the 'breadth of his
Congressional work he lift that which
- will longer exert a yotential influence
among men, and which, measured by the
severe test of poAlitunons criticism,
will secure a more enduring and more
enviable fame. . .
GARPIELD'B onv.vr INDMRY.
Those unfamiliar with Garfield's in
dustry and ignorant of. the details of his
work may in some degree..measurelitem
by the annals 'of Congress. No one of
the generation of pubbe men to which
he - belonged has contributed so much
that will be valuatile for future reference.
His speeches are numerous, many of
them brilliant, all 'of them well attuned,
carefully phiwied and- exhaustive of the
subject under consideration. Collected
froni-the scattered pages of ninety*royal
octavo - volumes of the o»agrestional
Record they would present an invaluable
compendium of the political history of
the most important era through which
the national government has ever passed.
When the history of this period shall be
impartially written, when war legislation,
•measures of reconstruction, protection of
human rights, amendments to the Con
stitution,„ maintenance of public credit,
steps towards' specie • resumption; 'true
theories of revenue may be reviewed, n
surrounded by prejudice -and discon
nected from partisanship, the speeches
of Garfield will be estimated at their true
value, and wilt be fOund to comprise a
vast magazine of fact an argument, of
clear analysis and sound conclusion.
Indeed, if no other authority were acces
sible, his - speeches in the House of Rep
resentatives from December, 1863, to .
June, - 1880, would give a well connected
hstory and complete -defense of the im
portant legisiation of the seventeen event
ful Years that constitute his yailiatnen
tay life. Far beyond that. his speeches
wOuldbe found to forecast ninny great
measures, yet to be completed—measures
which he knew were beyond the- public
opinion of the hour, bin which he con
fidently believed would secure popular
approval within the period -of his own
lifetime and by. the did of his oivn efforts.
• Differing,- as' Garfield does fromithe
brilliant parliamentary, leaders, it is not
easy to find his -- counterpart anywhere
in the -record of 'American public life.
He perhaps more clearly resembles Mr.
Seward in his,--supreme faith in the all
'conquering power of a principle. .He
had the love of learning and the patient
industry of investigation to which John
Quincy Adams owes his prominence and
his-Presidency.. He had some of those
poi derowit elements Of mind which dis
tinguished Mr. Webster and which, in
deed in all our public life have left the
great Massachusetts Senator without an
intellectual peer. • - • . ,
THE PRFSIDENTIAL NOMINATION
In English parliamentary history, as
in our own, the leaders in the House of
Commons , present points of essential
difference from Garfield.' But sonic of
his 'methods remit the best features in
the; strong independent course of Sir
Robert Feel, and striking resemblances
are kliscernible in that. most promiSing of
mo(lein Conservatives, who died too
carte for his country. and his fame,ilie
Luria Georg Bentinek. Ile had-nR of
Burke's love for the -sublime and the
beautiful, with possibly something of his
superalmdance, and in his faith and his
magnanimity, in his power of statement,
in his subtle analysis, in his faultless
logic, in his love of literature, in his
wealth and world of 'illustration, one is
reminded of that great English statesman
of to-ilay, who, confronted with obstaclei
thatwould daunt any but the; dauntless,.
reviled by those whom he *ould relieve
as bitterly as by those whose Supposed
rights he is forced to invade; still labori
with serene courage for - the amelioration
of Ireland and - for the honor of the
English name. •
Garfield7s nomination to. Presi
dency, while not predicted or anticipated,
waS.not a surprise to the country. Ills
promintlnce in Congress, his solid quali
ties, his wide reputation, strengthened
by his then recent • election as Senator
froM Ohio, kept him in the public eye as
a man occupy inc.; the very highest rank
among those entiled to be:called states
men. It was not mere.chance that brought
him this high honer. "We must," says
Mr. Emerson, " reckon success a con
stitutional trait. If Eric is in robust
health and has slept well and is at the
-top of his condition and thirty years old
at his departure from Greenland he will
steer west and his ships will reach - New
Foundlaud. • But take Erie out and put
in a stronger' and bolder man and the
ships *ill sail sis . hundred, one thousan d, fifteen hundred miles farther and reach
Labrador and New England. There is
no chance in results." •
A 8 a candidate Garfield steadily grew
in popular favor. lie was met with a
storm. Of detraction at the very hour of
his nomination, and it continued with
increasing volume and momentum until
the close or his victorious campaign
No might nor greatness in mortality
Can censure 'some ; hoek-wounding calumny'
The whitest virtue strikes. What k ingrao strong
t.,ut tie the gall hp in the slanderous tongue.
CHARACTER. OF THE CAMPAIGN.
Under it all he was mini . and strong
and confident; never lost his self-posses
sion: did no unwise act, spoke no hasty
or ill-considered word. Indeed nothing
in his whole life is more remarkable or
more creditable than his bearing through
those five full month s of yituperation— , a
prolonged ,-agony of trial to a sensitive
man, a constant and cruel draft upon the
powers of moral endurance. The great
mass.of these unjust- imputations passed
unnoticed and, with the general debris
of the cainpaign, fell into oblivion. But
in a few. instances the iron entered his
soul, and he died with the injury unfor
gotten if not uriforgiven. • . • .
One aspect of Garfield's candidacy was
unprecedented. Never before,,in the
history of partisan contests in tis epun
try, had a successful @Presidential candi
date spoken-freely, on passing events_ and
Current issues. To attempt anything of
the kind. seemed • novel, -rash and even
desperate. The older class of voters re
ailed the unfortunate ,Alabama letter, in
which Mr. Clay was -supposed. to have
signed his polithal death - warrant.. They
(remembered also the hot-tempered ef
-by •which' General Scott lost, a
+lT:!share of his popularity before his
n inination, arid thecinfortunate speeches.
which rapidly consumed • the remainer.
The younger voterslitei seen Mr. Greeley
in &series ;of. VblOrons :and original ad
preparingihe • pathway. for.
oath. defeat. .Unnundful of these warn
ings,' Unheeding:.the,'-advice 'of friends;
•
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Garfield »poke thlarge crowds as he Jour
neyed to and from New York in August.
to a great multitude in that city, to dele
gations and deputations of every kind
,that called at Mentor during the summer
and autumn. With innumerable critics,
watchful and eager to catch a phrase that
ruighebe turned into odium or ridicule,
or:a,sentence that might be distorted to
his own orVlis party's injury, Garfield did
not trip or halt in any one of his seventy
speache.g. This seems all the more re
nuirkable when it is remembered that he
did not write 'ghat he said, and yet spoke
with such ldgiml consecutiveness of
thought and such admirable precision of
phrase as to defy the accident of misre
port and the malignity of misrepresenta
tion.
In the beginning of his Presidential
life Garfield's experience did not yield
him pleasure or satisfaction. The duties
that engross so large a portion of the
.Pre,sident's time were distasteful to him
and were unfavorably Contrasted with
the legislative work. "I have been deal
ing all these years with ideas,P lie im
patiently exclaimed one day, ".and here
lam dealing with persons. I have been
• heretofore treating of. the fundamental
principles of government and here I am
considering all day whether A or B shall
he appointed to this or that office."' Ho
was earnestly seeking some prattical.way
of correcting the evils arising from the
distribution of overgrown and unwieldy
patronage—evils always appreciated and
often discussed by him, but whose mag
nitude had been more deeply impressed
upon his mind since his accession to the
Presidency. Had he lived, a comprehen
sive improvement in the mode of ap
pointment and in the tenure of office
would havebeen proposed by him and with
the aid of Congress no doubt perfected.
But, while many of the Executive
duties were not grateful to him, he was
assiduous and conscientious in their dis
charge. - From the very outset he exhib
ited adm:astrative talent ofa high order.
He grasped the. helm of office with the
hand of a master. In thisresneet, indeed,
he constantly surprised many who were
most intimately associated with him in
the government, and especially : 'those
who had feared that he might be lacking
in the executive faculty. His disposition
of business was orderly and rapid.. His
power of analysis and his skill in classi
ficationerrabled him to dispatch a vast
mass of - detra • with singular promptness
and ease.._ His' Cabinet. meetings . were
admirably coil - ducted. His clear presen
tation of official subjects, hiS well con
sidered suggestion of topics on which dis
cussion Was Invited; his quick decision
when all had been heard, combined to
show a thoroughness of mental training
as-rare as his natural ability and his facile
adaption to a new . and enlarged field of
labor. •
. With perfect comprehension of all the
inheritances of the war, with a• cool cal
culation of the obstacles' in his way, im
pelled always by a generous enthusiasm,
Garfield conceived that much might be
done by his administration towards har
mony hoween the different sections of
the Union: ':-I.le was anxious to go South
and speak , to the people. As early as
April he had ineffectually endeavorei to
arrange fora trip •to Nashville, whither
lie had been cordiallV invited, and he
was again disappohiteil a few weeks later
to find that he could not go to South
Carolina to attend the ..Centennial cele
bration of the victory of the Cowpens.
But for the autumn he definitely count
ed on being present at three memora
ble assemblies in the South—the celebra
tion at Yorktown, the opening of the
Cotton Exposition at Atlanta. and the,
meeting of the Army of the Cumberland
at Chattanooga. He was already_ turning
over in his inind his address for each
occasion, and the three taken together,he
said to a friend, gave him the exact scope
and verge which he needed. - At York+
town he would have before him the as
sociations of a hundred years that bound
the South and the. North in the sacred'
memory of a common danger and,a com
mon victory. At Atlanta he would pre
sent the material interests and the Unit's-.
trial development which appealed to the
thrift and independence of every house
hold and which should unite the two
sections by the instinct Of self-interest
and self-defense. At Chattanooga he
Would revive memories of the. war only
to show that after all its disaster and all
its suffering the•country was Stronger and
greater, the Union rendered indissoluble
and the future,
,through the agony and
blood of one generation, made brighter
and better for all.
Garfield's ambition for .the success of
his' administration. was high:: With
strong caution and conservatism in his
nature, he was in no danger of attempt
ing rash experiments or CT resorting to
the empiricism of statesmanship. But
he believed that renewed and closer at
tention should be given to questions af
fecting the material interests • and corn
mercialprospects of fifty millions of peo
ple. He believed' that our continental
relations, extensive and undeveloped as
they are, involved responsibility and
could be cultivated into profitable friend
ship or be abandoned to harmful in
difference or lasting enmity. He be
lieved with -- tonal confidence that an es - ,
sential
.forerunner to a new era of na
tional progress must be a feeling of con
tentment in every section of the - Union
and a .>•enerous belief that the benefits
and burdens Of government. would be
common to all: Himself a VonspiCuous
illustration of what ability and ambition
mak do under tepublicaLinstitutioilit, he
loved his country with a passion of patrk
otic devotion and every 'waking thought
was given to her advancement. He was
ail:American in all his aspirations,- and
helooked to thedestiny and influence of
the. United States with the philosophic
cninposure of Jefferson and the demon+
strative Confidence of John Adams. •
The political events which disturbed
tbe President's serenity for many weeks
before - that fatal day in July form an im
portant chapter in his career, and, in his
own ,judgement, involved questions of
principle and of . right which. Are
vitally essential to the constitutional
administration of the Federal Govern
ment. It would be. out of -place here and
now to speak the language Or.controver
sv ; but the events referred toi however
they may continue to be , source of con
tention with others, have become, so far
asGarlield is concerned, as much a mat
ter of history as his heroism at*Chicka
mewl' 'or his illustrious service in the
House. Detail is not needful, and per
serial antagonism shall not 'be rekindled
by any word uttered to-day. The
tives : of those opposing him are not to be
here adversely interpreted nor their
course harshly characterized.. 'But of the
dead President this is to be said, and
said because his own speoeb is 'forever
silenced and he can be no more heard
except through the fidelity and the love
of-surviving friends: From the begin
ning to the end of the controversy he so
much deplored the President was never
for one moment actuated by any 'naive
Of gain to himself or of loss to others.
-Least of all thett did he:barbor revenge:
rarely did he even show resentment, and
malice was net in his nature.- lie was
congenially employed only in the ex
change of good offices and the doing of
kindly deeds.
There was not "an hoer, from; the
of the trouble till the fatal shot
entered his body, when the President
Would not gladly; for the sake of restor
ing harmony, have retraced any• step he
had taken if such retracing had merely
involved cont!txpiences personal to him
self. The pride .of consistency or any
supposed sense-of humiliation that might
result from suiTendering his position had:
not-a - feather's weight with him.. No man
eras ever less subject to such influences
from within or from without. lint after
meet anxious deliberation and the NoleSt
surrey of. all the 'elreumetaneee, be sol
.
"17',]-•'-,',-.,'-',''4':: ' ,,..,- ' ,: ' ,1 ‘ :...., : - : • ;..L: , : -, _•,.4 , .i; - -Z-,-_--,',:.' = " i ‘•
ENTERING UPON TIIE PRESIDENCY.
CARFIELD AND TIIE SOUTH
$1.50 per Annum In Advance.
.
emnly believed that the true: pre ives
of the Executive were involved t _the.
imam which had , been raised and tti" be
would be unfaithful! to his suptem ob
ligation
ligation if he' failed to maintain, iiti all
their vigor, the constitutional rights and
dignities of his great 'offiCe. lie believed
this in all the convictions of conscience
,when in sound and Vigorous health, and
he believed it in . MS• suffering and pros
tration in' the. last , - conscious thought
which his wearied mind bestowed on the
transitory struggles Of life. .
More than-this need not be said:' Less
than this 'could not be said. Justice.to
the dead, the highest obligation- that de
volves upon . living, demands the
~ declaration dietitian the bearings of the
subject, actual orpoisible, the'Yresident
was content in his mind, justified in his
. conscience, immovable in his conclusious.•
The religious element in Garfield's
character wits deep and earnest. In his
early youth he espouSed the faith of the
Disciples, a sm. of l that great Baptist
Communion which iq different ecclesias
tical establishments is so numerous and
so influential throughout all. parts of the
United StateS. But the broadening ten
-dewy of his mind and his active spirit of
inquiry were early apparent and carried
him beyond the dogmas of sea and the
restraints of association. In selecting a
college in which to - continue. his educa
tion he rejected Bethany, thbugh presided
over by Alexander Campbell,thematest
preacher of his Church. His reasons
were' characteriStic,,. first, that Bethany
leaned too heavily toward slavery ; and,
second, that being himselta Disciple and
the son of Disciple parents, he had little
acquaintance with - people of other beliefs
and he thought it would inake him more.
liberal, quoting, his own words, both in
his religions and general views: to go
into a new circle and. be under new in
fluences:
The'iberal tendency which : ,
Ike antici
pated as the result of wider culture was
fully realized.. He was emancipated from
mere sectarian belief ,and with eager in
terest pushed his investigations In the
aitection of modern progressive thought.
He followed with quickening step in the
paths of exploration and speculation so
fearlessly trodden by Darwin, by IluX
len by Tyndall and by other Hying scien
tists of the . radical and - advanced type.
His own church, bindingits disciples. by
no formulated creed; but accepting the
Old and Nei- Testaments as the, word of
God with unbiased liberality of private_
interpretion, favored, if it did not stimu
late, the spirit of investigation Its mem
bers profess with sincerity, and profesS
only, to be of one .. mind and one faith.
with those who- immediately followed
the MUSter, and who were first called
Christians at Antioch.
But however high Garfield reasoned
of ".fixed fate, free will, foreknowledge
absolute." he was never separated from
the Church of the Disciples in his affec-
Bops and in his assotiations. For him it
held the ark-of the covenant. To him it
was the rate of heaven. The. world Of
religious belief IS full of solecisms -mid
contradictions. A. philosophic observer
declares that men by the thousand will
die in defense-of a creed whose doctrines
they do not comprehend and whose
tenets they habitually violate. It is
equally true that men by the. thousand
will cling to church orga.fizations with
instinctive and undying fidelity when
their belief in maturer years is - radically
different froM that which inspired them
as neophytes. ,
' HIS CHARITY AND - I.IIIRRALITY.
But after thii range of .speculation and
this latitude of doubt Garfield came bark
always with freshness and delight to the
simpler - instincts of religious faith,
which, earliest imWanted, longest sur
vive. Not many weeks before his assass
ination, walking on - the banks of the Po
tomac with a friend and conversing on
those topics of personal religion:concern
ing which noble natures have an uncon
querable reserve, he said that he found
the Lord's Prayer • and the simple peti
tions learned in infancy infinitely- restful
to him, not merely in nieir - stateil reiteti
tion, but' in their. casual and frequent .
recall as-he went about the daily duties
of life. Certain .texts. of Scriptures had
a very strong hold on his memory \ and
his heart. He heard,while in Edinburgh
some -years ago, an eminent Scotch
preacher who prefaced his sermon with
reading the eighth chapter of the Epistle
to the Romans,• wltich book bad been
the subject of eareTul study with Gar-_
field during all his religious life. He was
greatly.iMpressed by the elocution of the
preacher and declaredthat it had impart
ed a new and deeper meaning to the ma= --
jest ic utterances of St. Paul. Jle referred
often in after years :to that ineinorable
service and dwelt with exaltation of feel
ing upon the radiant prothise and the as
suredhope with which the grearApostle
of the Gentiles was "-persuaded that
:rieither death,- nor life, nor angels, nor,
principnlitini ' nor powers,- nor things
present, nor things to come,.nor height,'
nor depth, any other creature, shall
be able to separate us from the love of
God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord."
• The crowning characteristic of General
Garfield's religious opinions, .as indeed.
of all his opinions, was his liberality. In
all things he had charity. TOlerance was
of hisi nature. He respected in other
the qualities which he possessed himself
--sincerity of conviction and frankness
of
_expreAsion. With him the inquiry
wriS not so much what a man believes,
but does he believe it ? The lines of his
friendship and his confidence encircled
men of every creed and men of ho creed,
and to the end of his life on his ever
lengthening- list of friends were to be
found the names of a pious - Catholic
priest and-of an honestnrinded and gen - -
erous-hearted free-thiiiker.
On the morning of Sattirday,,JUly 2d,
the President was a contented and happy
man—not in an ordinary degree, but joy
fully, almost boyishly happy.. On • his
Way to the railroad station, to which he
drove slowlyc in conscious -eOjoyment of
the beautiful morning with aq-unwant
•ed sense of leisurvand a keen anticipa
tion of pleasure, his talk - was all in the
grateful and gratulatory vein. He, felt
that after.foffr months of trial his admin
istration was strong in its grasp of affairs,
strong in - popular favor and •destined to
grow stronger; that grave difficulties
confronting him at his Inauguration had
been safely passed; that trouble lay be
hind him and not before him; that he
was soon to meet the wife whom he loved
now recovering from - an illnem • which
had but lately disquieted
,at and times
.almost unnerved t=int ; that; he was go
ing toles alma mater to renew the post
cherished associations of his young man
hood and to exchange greetings with
these. whose deepening interest quad fol
lowed every step of . his upicard progress
from the day he entered upon hiS col
lege course until he had attained the loft
iest elevation in the gift - or his country
men.
Surely, 'if happiness . can ever come
from the., honoru or triumphs in - this
world, on- that quiet July morning Imes.
A. Gartild may have well been a happy
man. No foreboding, 'of evil haunted
hits; no slightest premonition of danger
clouded his sky. Ilig - teriible fate 'was
upon him in an instant: One moment
he stood erect s strong, (=aide* in the
years stretching peacefuliy out before
him. The'riext - he lay Wounded, bleed.
ing, helpless, doomed to weary weeks of
torture, to silence and the grave. .
•
Great in life, he was surpassingly great
in -death. For no atuse, iu the very frenx.-
of wantonness and wickedness ; --by thii
red hind of murder, he: was thrust fro
the full tide of this world's interest, from
its hopes, its aspiration, its victories, into
the visible presence of death--and he did
nut quail. :got alone .for. the . shqt mo
mentin which shinned' and (hued, he
EMMA
NUMBER 41
GARFIELD AND RELIGION.
VIE ASSASSIN'S SHOT.
, OREATNEBB IS DEATH.
MEM
could give tip ilk badly vesreef
linqiiishmentAnt" through dart of Wl"'
pun', through weeks of, agony, that wall
not less agony because - ailentlY toncrin,
with, clear Bight °and calmbe
looked into open - grave. Wight
and ruin mettle angirished ia r whose
lips may tell--what brill broken .
Plans, what bated, high am no,what
sundering- of strong,` warm, manhood's
friendships, What bitter rending of
iiweet household ties! Behind him a
proud expectant nation, a great host of
sustaining friends, a cherished and lisp
py mother, wearing the tall, rich boners
of her early toil and tears; the wife of
his youth, whose whole,life lay in his:
the little boys not yet emerged "from
childhold's day of frolic; the fair, young
_daughter; the sturdy sons just springing
into closest companionship, chiming
eVely_day and every day rewarding a
father's love and care ; and in his heart
the Liger;rejeleing 'power to meet till de
mends. Before desolation and
great darkness! And his soul was not
shaken. His. countrymen were thrilled
with instant, profound and universal
sympathy. Masterful , in his mortal -
weakness, he became the centre of a na
tion's love, enshrined in the prayer 4 of
a world. But all the love and, all Vie
sympathy could not share with him his
suffering. He trod the wine-press alone,.
With unfaltering front he faced death:
With unfailing tenderness he took leave
- of life. Above the demoniac hiss of the
-assassin's bullet he heard the 'voice of
God. With simple resignation he bowed
to the Divine decree.
TUE &VD Or ALL.
- • - -
As the.end diew near his early crav
ing for the sea returned. The stately
mansion of. power had•. been to him the
wearisome hospital of: pain, and he beg
ged to be taken from its prison walls,
from its oppressive, stiffing 'air, from its
homelessness and its hopelesiihess.. Gent
ly, illently, the love of a great people
bore the vile sufferer to the longed-for
healing of - the .sea t •to live or to die, as
God should will, within sight of its heav
ing billows. within sound of its manifold
voices. - With wan, fevered face tender
ly lifted to the cooling breeze he lOOked
out wistfully upon the ocean's changing
wonders; on its far sails, whitening in
the morning light ; on its resting waves,
rolling shoreward to, break and ,to die
beneath the noonday sun; on the red,
clouds• Of evening, arching. low to the,
horizon; on the serene and shining patb
way of the stars. Let us think that hist
dying eyes read a .mystic meaning which!
only the rapt and parting soul tarty know.l
Let us believe that he the silence of theil .
revelling world he heard the great waves;
breaking on a further shore, and felt!
already upon his wasted brow-the breath
of the eternal morning. -
AT LAST.
When on my day of life the night is
And, In the windstrom unstained- spaces blowll,
I bear far voices out of darkness calling
My feet to piths unknown.,
Thou hart made my home of life so pyassnr.
Leave not Its tenant when_lts walls decay,
0 Love divine, l? Helper ever present,
Be thcu my strength and slay _
Ile near me whew all else Is from me drifting.
Earth, sky, home's pieta+, days - of shade and
shine,
And kindly faces to my owttupllft!ng
The love which answers mine. -
I have but Thee, 0 Father I Let Thy s drlt
• Be with tn. then to comfort and uphOid ; •
!co gale of pearl, no branch of palm, I merit,
Nor street of shining gold:
Suffice it if—my good and ill tinreckonfd, 4
And both forgiven through Tby ; abounding
grace—
I
T .
fled myself by hands familiar beckoned _
Unto my fitting place
Some bumble door Thy many ufinsions,
•
Some sheltering nhade where - sin
. afid striving
cease,
And ficws forever through heaven's green espan.
storks
The river of Thy peace
There, from the music round ahout me stealing.
I fain would learn the new and holy song,
And find, at last, beneath Thy trees of healing, i
- The life for which I long.
_—John Greenleaf Wlitttter in March Atlantic.
Victor. Hug6's Joyous Faith.-
I feel myself the future life. lam
like a forest'which T has, been more
than once cut dowur The new shoots
are stronger and_livelier thati ever.
I am rising, I know, toward the sky.
The sunshine is on my head. The
earth gives me its generous sap, but
heaven lights me with the reflection
or unknown worlds: You say the
soul is nothing but the resultant , of
bodily powers. Why, then, is my
soul the more luminous when my -
bodily powers begin to fail? Win
ter is on my head and eternal spring
is in my heart. Then I breathei at
this - hour, the fragrance of the lilacs,
the violets and - the roses as at twen
ty years. The nearer I approach the
end the plainer I hear around me the
immortal symphonies of the worlds_
which invite me. It is marvelous
yet simple. It is a fairy tale, and it
is history. For half a century Lhave
been writing my. thonghts in prose,
verse, history, - philosophy,dismi, ro
mance; tradition, satire, ode, song—
I !mire tried all. But I feel that I
have *not said the thousandth. part of
what is in me. When I go down to
the grave I can say, like so many
others,
," I have finished my day's
work;" but, I cannot say "I have fin
ished my_life." My day's work will
begin again the next morning. The
tomb is not a blind alley; it is a
thoroughfare. It closes .in the -.twi
light to.open with the dawn. I:im
prove every hour because r lovethis
World as my fatherland, because the
truth compels me-as it compelled .
Voltaire, than human divinity. My
work is only a beginning. My mon
ument is above . its. fousdation I
would be glad VI see it mounting and
mounting forever. The thirst for'the
infinite proves infinity.-- , -Victor Jlitgo.
Boy Inventors.
Some of the most important inven
tions, have been the work of mere
boys The invention of -the valve
motion to the steam engine was
made by a boy. Watt left.. the en
gine in - a very incomplete condition
from the fact that'e had no way to
open or close the valves except by
the use of levers - operated by the
hand. He set up a large engine at
one of the mines, and a boy was hir
edqo work these valve levers.: Al
though th's was not hard work, - yet
it, required his constant attention.
As he was working these leveri ho
saw that'parts of the engine moved
in the direction, and- at the exact
time that he bad to open cr close
the valves. Be procnrred a small
cord and made(-one end fast to the
proper lever ; arid tbe- boy had the
satisfaction of seeing the engine
move of with ( perfect regularity of
- motion •
A short time after the foremanenuni
around and found the boy playing
marbles at the door. Looking at the
engine he soon saw. the ingenuity of,
the boy, and also the advantages of
so great an invention. Mr. Watt then
carried out the boys inventive geni
us in a practal form, add naule the
steam engine a -perfect, automatic.;
working machine. --
There is Hardly am Adult Persia
living but is sometimes trembled with•
kid
ney difficulty, which is the most prolific
and &amorous cause of all disease. Then•
is no sort of need to have any form of kid
ney or urinary trouble if flop Bitters are
taken - occasionally. •
- Tut St. Panl (Minis.) Globe. observes :
Things had goon wrong w;th him, and he
wanted to die ; yet he. had the whole
Douse darting around mighty lively, so
we heard, hunting toe the St. Jacobs Oil
bottle, when the And twinge of fhennut,
tie* gathered htm np.
~}'; I!.
EINI
EOM
NM