jgriadlaral glepartntent rilll4 in ahort-Horns.. The August number of the Nation. ql . Lire Stock Journal has an • excel ! : lent - article on thi's subject, which we reproduce as follows:, The " crisis" which has involved business affairs gene-rally, has reach ed the breeders of Short-Horns as well as .Of .other classes of stock ; and: his, perltaps, will do no damage, but rather good, in the end. Shoralom breeders will now have time to study the true cud and aim of their busi ness—to find the real foundation of the value of Short-Horns. The trot- ter inust be judged on an entirely different basis from the draft-horse; it is not .weight and heavy moving rower that is wanted, but suppleness and 'great-Tower of muscle; and the "Short-Born, as the most perfect type of the Ipvine face; must be judged on the sane pritieipleS t of utility as any Wiwi' breed. It is true .that, as the most perfect type, it has its chid z;resent value as the improver of the common eattic . of, the vountry, and this oi::.es-iten exceptional and great ly enhanced value ; yet its solid. and. pbraianent basis- if valile must de pendnpob its capacity to produce milk and beef. Its ancient pedigree is of value only so far as it assures an eminent capacity to this end, of producing milk and beef most;eco It . must be judged simp ly from this practical standard. If it bz; estimated from the beef stand and only, more than half its real val ue is gone. The successful breeding power:of a race is largely dependent upon its capacity - to secrete milk. Short-Horn breeders have .ustially acted upon the opposite principle= sought to repress,the milk secretions aiid turn tike whole activity of - the system itiO the laying-on of flesh, and the deposit of-fat. l'hat -the or iginal Short-Horns Were deep milk- - ers there is abundadt proof, and it is very unfortunate fur the usefulness of the race that this aptitude has been repressed. Every Consideration of-public and private interest. requires that Short horn breeders should seek to - restore the 'deep-milking quality of the race. To show how short-sighted was thiti bretklingout of milk and breeding in of excessive fat, it is only necessary to,refer tb thelfelattye value of the dairy imd beef produet of the' coma _ try. •, • The beef-product each year repre sents about 5,000,000 head, of all classes, and may be considered as having , an average ' home $4O per -her head, or $:210,000,000. The butter nod cheese product alone rep resents at - least $:200,000,000, and . , milk consumed as food has often been estimated at $1,000,000 to $150,00,- nen. The %hole dairy product was . estimated by Commissioner Wells, in 18-'9, after deducting the - products consumed on the farm, at $400,000,- taio. There certainly can be no doubt that the milk crop of the coun try its‘considerablyt greater in value than the beef -crop. Shall we-- then rep`ress and gradually eliminate from this grand race of cattle the most im portant and the. -most permanently prolititble natoral characteristic.? The Short Horn. is capable of lead ing in milk prodliction as well as in that of meat., Is milk in an improv ed beef race unw •rthy of considera tion ? `Let us examine the compara tive profit of a deep milker from her calves and from her milk. We will estimate the calves as steers reareik. and fed for beef, for this is the prac •tiealk.of profit when the breed is esti mated'asa simple producer. Many . Short-llorn cows have each produced 7.090 10 10,0 i 0 pounds of milk in" a year; and it is not extravagant to say, that they may be so bred that pounds ; ) sh it be an average production of milk. The value of this cannot be estimated at less than, SsO per year: Likely Short-Horn biters, at 30 months'old, should aver age 1,00 pounds. We will estimate this steer at six cents, or $96,; - amid breeding every year, there will be another,steer 18 Months old, and a calf six months old. Estimating the former.at $OO and the latter at $3O, we have her calves worth, in 30 months; $186; and her milk, during this two years and a half, is worth Is2oo. This is estimatina - b the value *of her calves as beef at ahigher rate than her milk, add • yet the milk brings the most money. It is to be noted also, that thiTed'st of keepimig these ealVes is more than the keeping of the cow, showing a still greater balance in favor of the milk. We present thisl very practical view . of the question, that bleeders may see , that.economy is all on the side of milk produ tion. Ultimately, even the Short-Hord muSqcome to the test of eounnon u_ility,- - and this will • show what may be done on that bed rbck plane. •• But we Must not forget thitt the priheinal present -value of -Short . Ilorntkis an improverof our common ' stockAind that th6y are mostly need- . «I to raise thoroughbred males-,for purpose. But, as we said, when ' merely from the standard ofl thing value, every interest of the LreetWr requites that he should sum ulat,2 the milk secretion; and not re- press it They will -be surer breeders, and the calves more valuable for .it. It must ee remembered -that one of the strongest reasons offered for not u , ing Short-horn hulls for dairy . cows has been that the dams of these balls are not , Azood milkers, nd there fore-these bulls will not propagate - gq,A milkers. And *hen .we remcm, bur, altio 4 that 8,000,0,-0 cows are, us«l specially- for the dairy, - we see the powerful influence that this mils; take of repr6sing the milk secretiori ui Sitort:Horn cows has had in shut tiog- out this breed as improvers of our. dairy.' This inexthisable blunder should he atoned R.0,_,%s soon as pos-. As dairying widens its territory, and stretches across the continent to the Pacific; it is easy to see that dais. t• men 'are to be our future beef-pro ducters and thus every .motive will induce theusing of bulls. of the best reef-producing breed, if.it he, also a good milk-producing breed. - 31 ilk production is no hindrnce to the highest form of pedigree breed ing, and to the most: perfect c.,evglop ment.of.the animal;—it is only I op posed to that over-fat condition which is not to be, desired in any breedibg • stock. To INDUCE" SLEEP.—Don't use any drugs. *• Rise, if you • find yourself wakeful, and thafe the body and ex tremities, and thus get up an even. Wliefulness .is caused often by a 'pressure of blood upon the brain—: 'A cold bath • will induce sleep oftentimes, or - a - rapid walk- in the open air. "Tar ea rational system of America" should not be ~ entioned in timschool de scribed recently .. Superinteident Par ker, of Elvin, Ohi. "Last wirter," he said, " I visited a school where a boy six teen years old was study - only arithme- I tie and spelling. Ile could lite his name KI BANG POWDER.---Take equal parts i but lie could not write a senttikce of. the of turtaric acid and bicarbonate of 1 simplest kind correctly. In'tbk school soda, by messure l silted together. ; where be was tbere meta but the 4pttii edruational teparintent Z. E. Qvun.A.V; J. A. Wn.T, ComunGlN J. T. McCommi, - • of G.. W. RYAN, Anociate Editors. A.T. Commonicationi inky be sent to either of the shoreeditors, se rosy be preferred, end will app.-sr In the issue of which be bas ettirge. E. E. QUINLAN. Editor. TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIOI The feliowing questions-will be report.. ed by the Committee on Resolutions at the net meeting of the County Teachers' Assomation 1. Resolved. That in our rural schools all studies of a higher grade than those in which the law requires teachers to be ex amined should be taught outside of regn lar'shool boars, unless otherwise ordered by - directors, or taught as a general exer ciser for the whole school. 2. Resolved, That the best interest' of our public schools demand a careful revi sion of ourschoollaw. 3. Resolved, That there Should 1 / 4 , a re citation or exercise in composition in nor public schools, at least once every week. 4. Resolved, That this Association ear nestly advise directort to grade the salaries of teachers according to their success in teaching, and their-scholarship as shown iu their certificates. 5.-Beiolred, That as an encouragement to teachers to prepare themselves better for their professions, and as au aid to di-, rectors of graded and higher schools in the selection ,of competent teachers, this :Associationadvisc that the Superintedent have special examinations in studies of higher grades than those required by law and that lie Word the results on the cer tificates of the applicants. MESSRS. EDITORS :—lf I understand the drift of the article in your issue of Octo ber 24th ingt.,—heided "No le Wools" —it'advocates a wrong principle, and in some respects is openlo criticism. That a school, college, or charity is un der sectarian management or control, is to my mind a good -reason, for without hOlding public support, sectarian institu tions should be supported only by the private funds of sections. The organib law of Pennsylvania was constructed ,in accordance with this principle. (See Con stitution of Pennsylvania, Article 3d, Sec tion 18. The "Noble Words," like many others from the same source are tnisty. If they mean that the public funds should be used to support Presbyterian, Baptist, Metho dist, or Roman Catholic institu ions— however good these may be in themselves --they,tuean mischief. • If,- on the other hand, they mean that it is Wrong to withhold public support from these institutions, mostly bbcatik, there are fectariaus among their teadhers and managers, why then the words are true; but they are withOui point or prac- tical , application, au nobody ever gave . such a reason for debarring any school, college or charity - from public support. .16 a literary light these "noble words" . are very redundant. The sentence "-To refuse aid," etc.—beginning in the sev enth line of the article—is repeated in the Paragraph which. follows, without the ad dition of a single thought, but loaded down with twice as many "noble.words." The. Educational Department of a paper so extensively read as is the REPORTER, should contain none but the soundest mor al, social and political doctrines. It should also be a mMel of literary excel , lence though I am apprehensive that the enforcement of thispst rule w4ll exclude me ftom your coluirins. I congratulate yen on the good already accomplished in Br' lord County through your labors. Wishing you more abuntl. ant: - sudcess in your worthy endeavors; and hoping you will pardon the freedom of my eciticisms, I remain - Yours truly, Troy, Oct. 23, 1878. , E. 0. TRACY WISE IGNOItANCE.—We have on several occasions been called - Upon to listen . to sonikvery decided remarks, madely per sons in other professions, and addressed to teachers. If we could have our way on this subject, we would suggest to such individuals that there was once a man who made a great fortune by-minding his own business. We are acquainted with a prominent lawyer. who has never taught sea hour4n his life, and yet 4 t , hiolut he Ittiews more 'about teaching than nine tenths of those who have taught twenty five years. This same man is always ready tiiraddress institutes and schools, giving ekcellent advice in. a paternal sort or way, on a subject r of which he knows nothing. Still if it does him any good let hini talk. Ilut'not all the brass and ignorance in this world is found outside the teaching profession, for !there are black. sheep among teachers, who have large heads, 'small brain;, and a living and .growing .thrire to advise their brethren. They are always ready to talk, whether it be on Greek roots, or alli4ation alternate, and it is discnuraging.and humiliating to find: how few teachers there are who can see through . the flimsy -covering that hides the of seal perions. The world has been vexed with these educational humbugs long enough. Would that some thing could come up -to attract their at tention in some other wa3 ! • Would they cvld get themselves out of the way EtleirFational 3 onthly. VF.N .ATION.—We may not believe it, but it is a fact nevertheless, that we take better erre -of our Criminals than we do of our school children. at least as far as pure air is concerned. The air in several school rooms:in New York, on. examination, av eraged twenty parts of carbonic acid in 10,000, while the air in the prison averag ed only 14.7 1;31-Ls. It is said that misery loves company ;ifit be true, we do not lack friends in this cause, for the follow ing Nets, taken from an English paper, show that at this,time, there are, even in England, places still in the dark, and pco- . plc not far removed from barbarism, as viidl as in this enlightened America : A young lady:who had been engaged as a teacher in the bo .rding-school ;at North_ D 4 von, found that, besides tweno girls. there were.thirty boys it. the school. All .the boys slept iu one room, the .capacity of which was not enough for five. The youug.lady bad to make the beds in the boys' dormitory, which was the only place they had for washing ; and, as there were only four basins, half of them often went down dirty.- The sheets were only chang tWiee in one-half year, and, when mea sles and other illnesses occurred, no doc tor wakealled in. The, young teacher had to sleep in the same bed with four others, and when an infectious disease broke out they all caught it. Several pupils carried the infection to. their homes. Although the household consisted of seventy per sons, ohly one female servant was kept, and sometimes there was - no servant at all. -The greatest benefactor of his race - will be the person vidio will invent a cheap, ef ficient, and perfect method of ventilation. \ . t—Eduasonal Monthly.. pupils practising pentuan,ship. When ask ed why so fee were learning to write, she, said:they did not scent to Callri9':ll/0a and she found it.a good deal of trouble to: keep the ink from freezing. In another school the teacher told me laic had been trying to have the pupils provide them; solves with' copy-bookN but they said thJir parents would not buy them?? *Mr. Parker lmented the di sire to engage cheap teachers shown by :many school di rectors in the State ; the result is la sup ply of iueffic ent teachers. " When era geF," he said, " have been reduced so low i•reompetent teachers. those who wish to become good teachers cannot do so be canre they have not money enough from their \ labor to properly qualify themselves for occoniing successfal in their chosen Gne young imam taught in Ma houlug COunty this summer for_ $3.25 a wrAt,'aud boarded himself." CARBONIC ACIDN PGA . NTB.-It has long be. n known that the green parts of plants are able in,sunlight to decompose carbon ic 'kid, and absorb the carbon. To decide the question whether plants can take up carbon in any way except through their leaves, .1. W. Mull undertook a series of experiments, which led to the following res lilts.' Leaves and parts of plants kept continually in a place - free from carbonic ac:'l never form any perceptible quantity of starch, even if in. immediate -contact, by any over, or underground - Out of the plant, with an atmosphere much .richer in carbonic acid than in the air. Hence the excess of carbonic acid that is at the. dig; posal of portion you choose of a plant, neief causes the.produetion of a sensible quantity of starch in a. leaf or part of leaf united .to it, if the leaf is kept in a space free from carbonic acid. The formation of starch in a leaf in open air, its not has tened when any other part of the -same plant is in a place containing More car bonic acid than the atmospheridair. The carbonic acid at the disposal of the roots of a plant, iu the Soil, neither causes the formation of starch in a leaf excluded from carbonic acid, nor perceptibly has ten.; it in those in the open air. FACTS ABOUT VENTILATION...—The av eralo pupil vitiates .08 per cent., or in 10. 85 en. ft.. of air in one minute. In ten minutes he will require 108.5 en: ft., and in twenty minutes, 209 cu. ft., The entire air in every school=room should be changed six times'an hour, or every ,ten minutes. It is not fit tar human beings to breathe unless it. is changed at least three times every hour, or every twenty minutes. The best accidental ventilation changes the air four times an hour. There is a difference of opinion as to the per cent. of carbonic acid that may be habitu ally brt:athed without apparent injury. No authority allows . . more than .08 per cent., but may regard this quantity as in jurious. Mr that has been once in a healthy lung.contains froin three- to five per cent. of carbonic acid, and in such air a candle will tutt burn. pne per cent. in the air is beyond the limit of ordinary en durince, and one-tenth of this amount • soon makes itself felt by persons whose sensibilities have not been blunted. TnE Bradford County Teachers' Use elation meets at Monmeton this week. QIISQUEHANN A COLLEGIATE TN TITGTE. Winter Teins cornmences MON DAY. NOV. 4. is7B. Expen%es for hoard, tuition and furif;shed room fmmslBo to 058 per year. For cats lugt, or further particulars address the Principal, EDWIN E. QUINLAN. Is. M. . Towat.da, July 17, 1578. _ 7yl pI:OVERBS. ore eau ho sick. when the stomach. blood, liver and kidneys aro healthy, - and Hop !Mier., keel, then: no." "The greatest nourtstang tante. appetizer rengthener and curative on eartb,—llop Bit ten.. • •• I t Is imrse