II
The President's' Message,
T. 1.5,-' ;S'enate ant! 1.10m5e if Deprutatafired:
.
In subiniWng my seventh annual mes- •
styre to Congsess in this Centennial year
of our national existence as a-free and in
dependent peolile, it- affords me great
pleasurelo recur to the ,advanenment that
ha.. been made fibm,thO time, 9f the colo- .
nieS-'one hundred - ; years ag,o. We were
then a people numbering only three ma
ions—now We number more that forty -
Millions. ~ T hc industries Were confined
almost exclusively - to the' tillage of the
soil.—now . manufactures alisorb much of
the labor Of the_ebuntry. Our liberties
remain unimpaired.' The bondsmen have
bCen need_ from slavery. We ha,ve''lie
eoire possessed of . the,re: , .- - pect, if not the
friendship, of all civilized nations. Our
progress has been great in all the arts, iu
science, • agriculture, commerce,; naviga
tion, -mining, mechanics, lavi, medicine,
&c., and in .generaredrrUttion- the pro
:
, n - ress is likewise encouraging. .Our thir-.
teen Stateshavebecome thirty-eight, imt
91nding Colorado (which has taken the
-•nutratory steps to become a State), and •
eight turitories; including the India 4
Territory and Alaska, and excluding Coli
l , ra do, makily= a territory extendg from
the Atlantic to' the P aCific. On tle south
wo have eXtended to the Gulf . ofexico,
and on the west froM , the Mississippi to
the Pacific.
ONT. 11UNDIIED TEARS AGO
• the cotton gin, the steamship; the rail-•
road, tbetelegraph, the reaping nmehities,
and numerMis other inventions of scarcely
less ,value to our business and happiness
were entirely uhlMoWn. In 1776 mann-L.
factures scarcely existed.even in name In
all this vast territory. In - 1870 more than
millions of
_persons. were employed
gut mamifacttires, product:l'g more than
!*2.1 11 0,00,0f)0 products - in athoant an=
nearly c final to our= - tiatioual debt:
Fritin nearly the whole of the populathni
of 1771; being engaged in'the one ocenpa7
ton of agriculture; in 1870 so numercati
awl' diversified had..become the oecupa
• t ions" of our people that less than six mil=
ont of more than forty millionsrxere
extraordinary effect pro- 7
ducedin country by a resort to dicer=
t.ccultations has built a marlict: for
prodnetsflPfertjle. lands diStant from the
seaboill rOurthe Markets of the world.
.
• - •
Tin: A MERTCAN
or loeating varions manufacturcsncxt to
plow and pasture. and -adding eon,
mi.et hut- Lai-ix : ids and steamboats, has pro:
dacul in our'slistant interior country a re
11t noticeable by the intelligent part of
all commercial nations.
The ingeamity and shill oC Atherinan
mechanics have been demonstrated at
home and ahiva'i in a manner most fiat
' tiring t©. theft' pride. But fir thC;.eXtill.-
I):,linary genius and skill of our met:ll:M
-irzs the achievements of 'oar
i-ts, ri anufacturcrs, - t - . and transportcis
iiirofighout the country would have been
cf - attainment.
The proa , ressif the::nlner has ;Ina been
pte.tt. uf coal our prdduction whs small:
now m t any millions of tons are Mined an
So with • iron, which former
scarcely an appreciable part of our pro
duet .half a century ago,- we now produce
morel than the,worid consumed at the be
.!:Jiming of our national existence. Leall.
zinc and copper; from . being articles of
import. we may expect to be large expc,r
ters of in the-near future. The develop
ment of gold and silvfr mines in the
Uni,tcd. States and Territo - rics has not on
ly been remarkable b - at bas had a largt
upon:Jlie‘business of all com.
Incrcid na.ion - -
Oar merchant Sin the last hundred yeArs
have had a success. and have establislteC
reputarem fOr - entermise. sagacity. pro,
greys and integrity, unsurplissol by peo
ples-of older mttb , nalities. This " root
natne" islmt confined to their homes. .
.golfs out upon every sea and into •evel
- ptirOvhere commerce enters. With-cqua
pride we point to our. progress in o
the learned profeNsion•F, 7-
OJT: SECOND CENTENNIAL
As we are now abort to et Iter nr:brt ou
eond Centennial, can nnencinn onr until
hood :is a nation, it is well to look bac
upon the past and study wit will be be.
to preserq and advance our" future grew ,
Frtlm the fall -of Adam for 1:
transgression to the pre'sent clay, no in
tion has ever free from threatenc
-.danger to - its prosperity and happincs.
We should look to the dangers threatee
and remedy them so far as lies
=Z=
. ,
Fe are a republic, whereof one is
goK.shas another before the law; Cud
slmh a f6rar of government it is of ti
greatest-importance that all should 1
.possessed of cdiu'ition and intelligeme
en, ugh 'to cast'a vote with :Fright male -
standing of its Meaning. A large associ t
tic;ii'uf ignorant•iio canot, for any ci,t
1-
skier - Ate period, oppeseca, sUreessfull, - .‘
sistatwe 10 tyranny andfiippression froin
the ylnented few, but will ine tally si:ik
into lactinic'sence to the will of intelli
' oi. , .1-a•,•, 1\ nether directed •by the deco 1-
;;o:firie or by priestcraft. Hence the ed 1-
cation of the masses becomes of the lb t
riclessity frit. the preservation of our inst i
•tutins. They are worth Preserving. 1.•._•-
cause they have - secured the greatc4t
goiod to the greatest proportion of the'
pi.rulation of any form of government
ytt.-devis; - •d. - All other forms of govern
ment approach it just in proportion to the
gpneral
.ilitrusion of edueation and inch:-
pi n:Knee:of thought and action., As the
1 - 1-iimiry sr*, therefore, to cur advatu;
nip nbin :ill that has marked our progre
iii the past century, I suggest for yo
quisideration, and - Most earnestly recut
membit. that a constitutional amendme
be, sub twitted to the Legislatures of t
several States for ratilicatiOn, "making,
the duty- of eaeli of ;the several States
istablish and forever maintain free ptih
" schools itdeimate to the education of
the children in the. rudimentary branch! ,
within their respective limits; irrispecti
of sex, color; - birthplace or religion : ti
:bidding the teaching in said schools
relit;lous, atlreistic or pagan, tenets ; a
I , roliihiting the granting •of any sell&
funits etr schckl taxes, or any part there
either by legislative, municipal. , or otl
authority, for the benefit or in aid, dire
ly Or indrectiy, of any religious sect
' tic ndminatiim, or in aid or fur the ten
of any, (AU:. ,object of airy kind or natt
what( Ver. - •
i .
11l connection with this important qu
thin - I' wmild also call! . your attention
' the inipoltance of corr •cting, an evil lb
if Wimitted to cunt - 11111c. will probalp
leatt to grcat trunblel . in our land 1
m 1
1. 11v,'closti of the nineteenth cent ury. ! I
the- accumulation ofiva,t amohnts Of 1
taxed - 011mill property. In Is':3o I Veli •
• the'!eltureli prOpertyi of the United Sta
Which raid no tax, municipal or Sti
• amounted to about ,- :::•:‘,.000.,n00. - in 1.:
the amountihiid dote:led; In 1`;7) it
about :?1,0:10,060,G00. - 11 Y 19110, with,
.chech, it, is safe to say this property
rcael: a sum exceeding `•ii:1,0011.0W,(100.
. vast a sum receiving all the protection : :
"
bOulits of government, without bear
- a portion: of the Linden and expense!
• the same, will-not be looked upon air
ct,cently by those who have to pa;
to es,
In a growing country, where real (.state
enhances so rapidly with time as in the
United States:, thete is scarcely a limit to
the wealth that may be acquit cd ty Corp
or
ations, religious or othet wise, if allowed
. yo retatit -cal estate without taxat on.
Tlie e...nte',lplation of so vast a prop( rty
- here all i pded to without taxation i may
lead to sequ6stratioa7 without const tu
- tional :authority and tlmmgh blood. •I'
would suggest the taxation of all prop
erty equally, wheper church or -corp )t••:1-
°, thou, exempting only the last resting p ace
of the dead, and posssibly, with prt per
retrictions - , - „L church edifices. Our 71a
tions with Imostof the foreign powers
continue on a satisfactory and friendly
- • footing. I rij.',reasCd • intercours'e, the Lex,
' tension of commence, ancPthe ctiltivn ion
of mutual interest:, have steadily `ini
'• prOscd our relations with the large ma-
Jociky of tpe powers of • the' world, re
dering practicable the peaceful salt ion
of questions whiclk from time to tune
n(ec4arily arise, having few • which de-
Mand - extendcd or particular notice...
The board heretofoie appointed to 1- e
charge of the a iticles and materials )er
.i.ainjog to the• War, the Navy, the T
Nary: the Interior, and the Post (Nike )e
-partmentst, and-the Department of A 'H
.._
. . .
culture, l the'Srnithioniait Institution,
the Cinnmi.ssion of Food and Fish, an*
be contributed ,under the legiSlatior
last session to the the Internation •E'
iition to be held at Philaderph:a, dui
the 'year 15713,'
e TIIE CENTENNIAL,
has been diligent inithe discharge of
• duties :which have *volved upon it,
preparations so far made with
means at eintnnand give assurance I
• pie *governmental contribution will
made ore one Of the marked charaet,
ties of the Exhibition, The board
tibsvrved -
' i.
COMMENDABLE ECONOMY -
in the matter of the erection of a building
for tile governmental exhibit, the expense
of which, it is estimated, will not exced
say $8)3,00. This.amottut,lias . becn with
clraWn under the law from the 'appropria
tions of five of tlid - principal departments
without sufficient rmcatis•to render their
respective prattical exhibits Complete.and
satisfactory. The Exhibition' being an
international one, and the, Government
being a 7:obi - lA:try contributor, it is my
opinion that its contribution. should" be of
a charactdr and extent tai sus
tain the dignity and credit .of so distin
guished a contributor. The advantages to
the country of,
. A CIZIi:DITATID II DISPLAY
are, in an international point of view, of
the first importance, while an indifferent
or discreditable participation by the Gov
ernment would be humiliating to the pa
triotic feelings of our people thernsOves.
I commend the estimates of the board for
the necessary additional appropriations,
to the favorable conFiglerati on of CMI
- The powers of Europe, almost
witl out exe: p:o !, many of 'the SJuth
American lizates, and even the mora
taut Eastern powers, have manifested
their friendly sentiments towardsl the
United •States, and the interest of the,
world in our progress by taking steps to
Join witli-ns in celebrating the Centennial
•of the nation, and I strongly recommend
THAT A iIOIIE NATIONAL DIPOLTANCE
be given to this excibition by such legisla
tion and by svch appropriation as will in
situ; itssuccess. its value in bringing to
our shores innumeruhdc us- - ; - ful works of
art, and crumningliii:g of the citizens of
forei:m countries angl our own. the
changing iii i(ieas and masiufacture4'.will
_far ext—d zny pecuniary outlay we ,may
make:
f•
Tin; CO:i.P.I:,;T'iINIrriNCI: DET'AUT-
31 EN T 0 - 2
-
withcurdil l nnaticriprescutatiYes.abroad
is transmitted herewith. I,am Impir:, to
anhounee the passage of nn act by the
General ICorfts of Portugal. piioelaimcd
since' the" adjoin nment of Congresii. for
the abolition ofservitude. in the Palau.-
gncso colonies: It is to 4.10 hoped that
such legislation May be )nnother step
t4iward the great cam:tun:l6in to be reach
ed Arllcatio man shall be pormittcd, di
rectly - or indirectly, under tiny guise,
el - ens*, or foi - in of to hold hi= fellow.:
man in bondage. I tit , of .opinion, also,
that it is the duty of the United SiltCF,
as contrilmtia-2 toward that end and : . re r
(aired by the ,; , iris ui the age in which
we live to provide by suitable legislati )n
that no citiam of the `United Statcti shall
hold . fdaves as i)r)porty in any :other
co- -try, or lit ) intere-b-d therein.
this lapse of time, I am ttuab c to see piain.-.,. ...,,gse
that any notable success or any. marked newed offorts are beiti, made to introduce- shores Of the United: Statels and at the
or real advance on the part of the insu reforms in, the internals administration of same time deny to the United States or to
gents has essentially changed the charac, the island. I'ersuaded!, however, that a• its-citizens or grantees an equal right to
ter of the contest. It has acquired great proler regard for the interests of Uni-,` land 'a cable on its shores. The right to
Cr age, but not greater or more formida- ted States and of its citizens entitles it to control the conditions for the hying of
ble proportions. It is possible that tit relief from the strain to which it has been a cable within the jurisdictional waters of
acts of foreign powers and even acts o subjected by the difficulties of the quesi the United States, to connect our shores
Spain herself of this very nature might b tioils anti tuff - wrom,rsi and losses which with those of any foreign State, pertains
pointed to in defense of such recognition. rise from the contest in Cuba, and that exclusively to the Gorerrnment of the, Upi
-.lnt now, as in their past history, th the interests of hrtinanity itself demand . ter( States, under such lintitations and eon
. United States carefully avoid the fall THE CESSATION OF TUE STRIFE, ditions as Congress may impose.
lights which might lead into the mazes 01In the absence of legislation by Congress. I was
before the whole island shall be laid
(1-.llldful law or questionable propriety • 1 larger sacrifices . life be waste unwillin on the one hand to yield to a foreign
ant arger sacrifices of life be made, I state thenight to say that its grantees might land
and it It: 1
,„ eh) :and stti -12, to the nil. shall it my duty,
which has liten its guide, • and doing only should my hopes of on our shores, while it denied a similar right to our
reople to land
rat
Its ehores. and on the other band
a satisfactory adjustment of the early res.:
othat which is right and honest and o was relnetent to deny lathe greats interest of the
toration'of peace and the removal of fun: scald and
,of civilization the facilities of
goeil report. Tie question of accordin• titer cases of complaint be . unhappily 1. ' .
cis„. soc.i communications as were proposed. I there.
Chili lei_s ilin;le rcrirntion in the : elec., t0r..1 ottlitisld my consent bathe landing of the
..,' of svitesholding. - ' appointed, to make a further communice
if the whele ship flere.o. i; sed , RIC lITS S)F RELLUIERF.NCT, ! .cable prso lied 11w offensive monopoly feature of the
. . -tiOn to Congress at sorite period not far re:. concession be abandoned and that the right of any.
-
witli9llt wallieient .e, ,, t••e• lII , IN 1 / 1 7 ' liltla be judged in every case; in view o ! and ',' • the • -
mote. during u present session, that, rabic estaleished 11 rosiltority of this Government
y ears aeo. Tientelt glee lota hereto denied the perticidar.' attezelins . facts. Utiles. seem tome to be necessary. , : to land upon French territory and to connect with
leer etecoanteliilite; theilieliea was 'neyer . .inst'fied by Ili2CCSSii.r. it P. .11WayS' ail( . Oilt NEAIIEST NEIGIIP.OIIS. . I French land lines and enjoy all the
e( ea tacit
-1 Ides or privileges Incident to the nee thereof, upon
a:elle:seed in by this Government, and justly rceartled es an unfriendly act ant i. i
' The Free Zoe.e, So-called, several years Tolia:(riillgelerreluointalst: Wray. 1
Thereof ,-.o ° . h in r et ett eo in tu P2 pa nY l b l clues.
eoute
tike i'l'l-ico 01. tl.'' 1 : 1 ; 1": " 1 12:1 " ; been l'r.6. earn- * ii gratunotts demonstratioa of mond slit
estly est:tended for that it has beeteetesi_ , ioo iolo i ; on o. i t, i s iiec o ssory oo d i . since established by the Mexiennefeinverni
, Ulan renounced the exclusive privileg n e. and the
fyin:4 that she i-lionlil ler.e . i et . last ec- is reiptircd v, - lien the interests and right. 'tient in certain of the States of that rO , representative of Fiance was informed that under
public adjacent to ouF frontier, remaina
knoSviedeed it._ l'hootibiteator in this (else . ~ , ,e „„„ti,ei. standing iii4s .n red re hei m ui c s i t p inietg y to t d ie v r a i i ii i sLru e ttati m
eovernment, or of .its people -
of tl:e l . :nited :• : ;It. s rteemer Mom ijo. for are so far a .. .reefed by e a peneline or civi m full operation. It has always been ma- which hvi been demanded, the oppolltlon to the
the seizilie and (10••!.:1. , 11 • , f eshicii the . ce:elict to reqUire a tlt4inition of its relit, terially injurious to benest traffic, for it landing of the cable was withdrawn. The cable
Govzrrinnelit of the United Statee of ti..::;t•,the lol li e s teer e te. Rut this con opendes as an MeentiV j e to traders in 310C,7 n w i a n ii nt i h an o , i te . it yn i i i v nd i e s r o‘ th a i n s 4 FL .s .ncti ee c n on a c n es e sr ien i t n a t oh r e l i
ice to supple - , without custom charges, valuable agent of communication between this
( '''] ll h ll,l w:ls h e ll i , ..."` 111 :t: 11.1 ', hive! '-'e - flict rnint I , e one which willbz. recegnizet
tededi : in faVili of the claim. 'f he '.! - eci , i , dl i n th e : .ense of interiedi,nel law as tell the wants of inhabitaits :on this side of country and the other continent, It Noon passed
the line, and preven s the saenc -1. wants
has settled a tee! ti' svhicli heal :•leen Itelleserente., too, is a tetct. The raer tiniu,,t,r,dgecnitifigottisehowcaebviej
'c'o'rnntehetin ose wt G " reat G had irl':
front 11Ci14 , ,. supplied by merchants of the
1 ,.. -•lidil , ':: c'''' , ' ' .4l rent l Ye:t!!e. elll v..- 1. !e 11 . eel: teees of cent...tiding armed bodies an am and this continent, and thus wh atever benefit
Arlitle it ciiiititlmA olit•ti. Inied.t ni-r...'. or ' their oc-ational conflicts do nut constitnt .. United Staten. thereby to - a considerable to the public might have ensued from competition
lass di:.l.ili 1) the '2 .? ' '.l ' lll'll?: ' Qt' '' lll-1 ;;; Whi*.; ; I war in the seir:e referrtd to. Apidying extent defrandhig l our -revenues and 0'71417 11 71 e
g li;t a w t s;;n ra L e tl i wtitetesoorliannesslii'll=tiltneevraltl
checking honest commercial enterprise.
it I'. 1.:••elealile sholesl I )(' n::(2 Ii he.- to the. exi , ting condition of affairs in Cti
1/epredations by armed bands from 3lexl the'additional accnrity in case of accident, to ono
- or fm•En.. nut these increased faeillties and this
twcen the two replibleee A ese:eriirity ol et Cle te„te sec:. by publicists anti
ico on the people of Texas near the froti- t aLti , li c t o io n t , i l a ,l l ., sl.e , ti a rl , t l y; a ,
itzetvithhe4r
two
o ftl en t m be control 'of
trealy' with the t•.i . :,:: .i .. tho. 3.1;,,,,,ii:1:1 - writ,r.; (et ii:ternational law, mkt Wilk, .1'
tier continue; though the main object of also greaterpowe i r to prevent the tuture n e:tsfr a :
Islards was ceneleded sem(' :rill:. ' ' ..l :'c'c'• have been obsel . reale; rations of dignits
As is contains a stitinletien that it , sl::1. 1 1 honesty. and pewee` when free from sir these incursions is
: robbery, they frequent:- lion of other lines, and to limit the control or tele.
ly result in niurder of &maimed and peace- F i r ,,, e, l [4 ll i c o t c ;;: oo " t '"' l ' 2 4 l ,7 i i r ttiio„aLheodlylToorntl
il"l. take clrict. until (... "' - ' l7c.c.. '' Sliall t'i''''''t '-• siti.. e tir ete,ihdt mid unworthy motives, I
able dispoeed persons, and in soma in,- %viten,
the . proeer legislation for thet 1, urr.,!;•se, fail to lime in the insurrectien the exist_ a feW nruiths - past a cable has been laid
copies of the inetrurneet kre l ' "• . ' l( '''' . ii ll ' eller of sech ia - teiliemiltial political organ- stances even the Unit .4 States Post Office known as the trotted Etates Direct Cable Com-
SULlnitted in or , ler that, if siedi eleinei be iz:tticm, r,:11, palpable and manifestt t.) and mail communicat (ins have been ate 14,",".)::Si"r'irro"ili l . ng L I' L l !n " It i s te gis st e a a t b . i 6 o w
directly lu
e :GI
the pleasure of - Coreercse, tlis neceseery . the would, Easing the forms and capable titeked. Itenesved remonstrances. upini
this subject have been addressetl to the' the lai.l and in working order the rates r of the
them existing consolidated companies wore greatly
legislat ii in upon the ell l 'iuct . IlEl.)t bc ! orthe ordinary functions of g,overnmei t
Mexican Governinent, l tut without much risltteeti. Sent, however, a break was atmcmticed
adopted. In March last an :11-rangel:lent towartls its own people and to elite
'MI in this new cable and Immediately the rates of the
s nimil
was Il :41i
ionr. Uushim, ohs • Stales h courts for the •
, •wit cour e e apparent effect;
I 1 other nee which had been reduced were again
i.ter ill Madrid. with the Spanish (..i.o.scit n- 1 tem of juetice, with-a local . habitatim , THE IitILITAGY FORCE raised. This cable being now repaired the rates
i. appear not to be reduced by either line from those
111111 2 , n,.1: the I..iyinent by the latter to the .
p..fsessing such erg of form, 0 1 . 4e t is
UnSed stetes ,if the of eo-..,(1 . ...) : in , Govermilent disteisable for sees ice formerly cheeks! hy the consolidated companies.
There is reason to believe that large IttnrntniS of
soell material!. such occupation - of territe in that quarter is quite ivadequeite to eir- ' There Is
at home and abroad, are ready to seek
coin, for the parpo.e C sh a t "-_ ,--(' relief o ,f ' the ty as to take the contest:tilt out Or tl c ectually guard the line, even' at those . 7r i i ',l ti t t a a l iee Investment in the advancement of this
families oreieleons of the . ship s ieensiony enteetiry of a mere rebellious insurrectit I points Where the incursions are usually userui and most civilizing menesist intercourse and
atiil It. .1111 pa: , :-cic:, , ..lrs et the Virgineas. !or occasional skirmishes, and places it 01 made. An ex ieriment of an armed vesSCI correspendetice. They await. however the user-
This stint was to Lave,-I.cen paid in three - the•teri ible *footing of war, to which a . - :meow' the means aud 'conditions ow , whlch they
011 the Rio Gra l itile ru ' ll thatpu ' rpOee IS Olt may safely be male tribu ta ry - to the general good,
in:-...al:nc.nts et two fweillis eacli. It is reco-iiition of belligerency would aim .0 trial, and it is hoped that, if nut thwart
. , !.. 1, do e , et
,t.,,, I , elevate it. The eontest, moreover, is stil - ed by the shallownessjof the river and otli
(hie to ti , e . ......1.1.11 : I I (;,) •.- . , . 1-,' as these cable telegraph lines 'connect 'operate
States. there are coestions as to their orpnisation
i tw t l i czt h r y ol, c W o hich probably can•be best If not moiety
should state that the pay:1111os s :acre frail} 'ly en Lind. The insurrection has not poi= etelottni - al ebstacle 't, niet ' 11contrite.
s, 1 , ena y nventtons ' between the respective
anti Sp: 'atm:to:l , lv iltitle:parted by that ' see:ell itself of a single seaport, whence t tile it, the Pt - Otection of the herdsmen Of States. In the absence, 'however, ef inteGuitlonsi
teuveireneet had Chat rely total faith its flag, our has it a y Texas. The proceedittes of the joint corn- conventlons on the subject, municipal legislation
7 f l . lch th a e ppearto t Te intipohre
mission tinder the Conveiition between ' in ia n y t 17i c i u ot M li n nI a ls n l y wnsn i t t le s
i!lc;)1115 Of t:01111111111iCati011 wit'.l forei , n
oe . werie except throneli the military lin s the United States ant Mexico en the 4th public against the exto ' rtions which j
may ° relit
of its advert-sties. ICO apprehension. if of 'dilly, 1566, on th subject of clainis from a monopoly of the-. right Of operating cable
ally of. those sudden and difficult comp ie will soon bc brote - elit to a close. The re- telegrams as trout a combination between several
ea:ions Nvlik . li a war upon the OCCSIi is stilt of these proceedings 'will then be i , iist. No line should be allowed to laud on the
apt to iirecipitate - 'upon the vessels; bO it communicated to Congress. --: 1, shores of the United States under the concession
commercial rind national, and, upon ti c ' u. , I' 1 from another power, which does riot admit the
. THE VENEZUELA AFFAIR. • 1 right or any other line or lines formed in the United
Cot:mil:lr olKeers o other:pewees, calls fit ! states to land and freely connect with and operate
the definition of their reletions to the pa - I ! em happy to announce that the Gov- through land lines. '
ties to the cont'est, considered ar, a que • eminent of Venezneld has, upon further Second. No line should be allowed to land on the
consideration,' practieally abandoned . its seems of the United states which Is not by treaty
lion of expediency.
objection to pay Io the 1...71.11t0 States tlilit stipulations with the: Government from Whos
I Itlif , Altll THE ACCORDANCE Or in:LLlcr: t- shun.* It proceeds, or by prohibition In Its charter
, share of its revenue which some years or otherwise to the satisfaction of thisooffernment
. I;NT RIGHTS
since it alloted towards the extinguish - ,
still tube as unwise and premature as L7; l l l gn'tvrt,f,rem°,,..Cen,7l',` 4l . fi liclinoer o amalgamat i n g
ri.-gaid it to berfit present indefensil•le, es meat of the claims ofiforeignersgenerallY.
_ In thus reneinetheing its determination therewith "
for the purpoif of p regula , ting and trillalag
a !natter of right. Stich recognition c 1
that Govertiment'lets; shown a just senSer raining the cost of telegrathing.
gl e i :tiles st=b4 Izlnd t e t Five prem.
tails upon the country aceoreling the
rights which thaw from it, difficult alt,l of self-respect which cannot fail to ref-feet deTnheehlln'
, of the governments of ihe two countries between
aa a
c•enplicated duties, and requires the e.. - credit upon it in the eyes of all
persons which it may be laid. '
action from the contemn:l.4 parties, of thc clswhere. It is to IN regretted however, Fourth. A power shotild be-reserved to the two
re
st rict Observance of their rights and olli-- that its paytilents on 'account of claims bi ga gor r :i e rn t cn in t e s k.a el g th e e . r de c i V t o c ial i r f or_to u each as
t
gat ions. - . eitizens.of the United States are still So fix. a limit to the charges to be demanded - for the
it confers the right of search upon the meagre in amount, and that the stipula- ltoraino'alission3tot rationmessa o f pzesent thlusubjeet
high sees by vessels of both parties; 1t thins of the treat }• in regard to the sums o n meantime,e th e e arneosid
a e nd'unl Congre s se s. othe he
to he paid and the , )eriods when theSe' direct, I shall not oppme the lending of any tele•
would subject the carrying . of arms at d
Payments were tai take place—should liege- graph.rable which complies with and assents to the
erunitions of War which rimy be Ira s
perted fairly, - and without interruption n
r .
been so signally disregarded. . - prevent the landing of any welch does not conform
1 • will not stipulate to concede to this Government
~ _points above enumerated, but (will feelit my duty to
the vessels of the Usiited States, to dote 1- , THE TREATY , NTITII BELGIUM. I• to the first and-second points as stated, and which
tiler nod to possible seizure. It wou d - Since my last animal message, the ex- the precedence In the' Iran - omission of Its official
give nee to countjessevexatiousqnestio: s; change has been Made of the ,eatification messages, and will not enter into a satisfactory ar
would release the parent governme it rangement wills regard to its charges.
of a treaty of coMmlerce l and navientiein
from responsibility: for ,acts done by tle with Belgium, and br conventionor •
with .VRAUDI:LEIty 14A11.11..AVIZATION AND EXPATRIA•
. • ~ TIOV
.s.augents, end would invest Spain willl. the - litexican ItepnbE l e for the further eic
Among the pressing 'rind Important subjects to.
the right to exercise tile etapervision teal tension of the dtinit 1 Commission
respec- which, in my opinion, the attention of Congress
ogilised by our treaty of 1705 over °jar ting claims with the dlawaiian Islands for should be directed, arothose relating to fraudulent
commerce on the high seae, a very large commercial reeiProcitX, :Ind With Ott()tiln naturantatioti , lind expatriation. The United
Nit (if which, in its traCic between tto Empire for exti - adititin, all of whiela ha l ve a s iru te •ilo wi l t n h gr"tr goon l :a l l e t r h l c ty o l t i r l e y il w i t t th ei t i t i nfi en r s e a tiltr
.t.littit if: and 6tilf States,
.mid between : 11
been duly proclaimed. The Court of Coin-- inents or law. These requirements are as simple
of them and the eitatesenpon the Pacific, missioners of Alabatim claims has prok- and upon as favorable. tenns to the emigrant am
. , i the high prlvllege to which he is admitted can am
passe; theough the !streiters which cotest cured its important duties
very as.sittuotis- slimed permit. Ido not propose any adfiltional re.
the s.l:ores of Culia.. ly - and very satisfactorily. --- It convened qulrements to those to which the law demands.
TR F. ENEIV IsE It TUN SUPFiIITTSION and was organized on the 21d day of July, lin: the very sh i npileity l and the want of unneces
.. .
could :-.e.o.ree fan to lead, if not to abuses, , 1874, and by theeterms of the act under S nrura ft Ti n zlt a t l t i g no n c tooli r r, a u w en tar t e . i t ta . SL e trza l i t ti s elil
ecrvinly to collisions perilous to 'tl ,
rc which it was created was to exist for one injury of all honest citizens whether native or DM
la•ncefill relatiens of 'the two powy,,rs. year from that date l'lle net irovided, " rali " d '
i., Cases of this. character are continually being
Theni. can lie loth doubt to : chat reSl it 110 • that 1 11 befoun d l'
\sever,s tou t it •unpree- brought to the notice of the Government, by our
such supervision would before long drt w • ticablc tocomplete the work oftime court r
n ntati oh her
m un a t , r a nd
inalsot
those
u o
e f nt p ly e , rm
w -
i
t h o s
:his nation_ before rile expirt4on or tii ytar; the ii ti,y t ayenn ; id intiisnyiong
enough
A) l'resident might, ' ,by proellination, 'extend to enable theM to become naturalized, have goner
the.time of its duration to a period of not ally not much overpassed that period and' hare re.
more than six Months duration .beiond t r i o l , r i l , i;.. , :i to one
their
r eir the d l u r it o e ri v g i l o n, t vg e he;e n t i ha
' the expiration of one year. II ; i
ave.g re- Statel by their flambee, and claiming to be exempt
ceived satis faetOry evidence that it would from nil ditties to the country of their nativity and
be impracticable to complete the work t i , t f r, tle , ir o r o e t t i tidenee, by
: reason of their alleged net
-Within the tirne . orinally fixed, I issued ills due to this Government Itself, and to the
a proelamation - [ great mass of the naturalized citizens who entirely,
• „: both in name and In fact, become citizens of the
EXTENDING THE TIME:- United Slates, that the -
I
of duration of the court for a period of limn ruivisrez or ciriziasittr
22d day Of of the United States thonld not be held by fraud.
six months front anti after the.
July last. A report made tltiough t_ le
or l e f .c d , !• v re t g o a n t s i s o t u c t i o t the e
IS taws
and
; r oc th c=it a h m as e
Clerk of the Colart, communicated litre- been brought to the knowledge of the Government
with, shows the condition of the calendar that certificate; of
n natztr i al t izatl i on are held, and pro
on the 151 of Ncivenitcr last, and the laige (. :
,pit l i t ' a n al .r no7 tc on r ly .n ih " ey e s
re r n e l note by
within I t e t ' i l e ir
.. amount of work" which has been aceorne 'states at the time of their pretended naturalization
i plished. 1,3e e 2 claims have been present- but that they have -- never resided In the United
ed, of wide!' Gee. hail been d isposed of lat stolantr e t s s'ho i w n "onthtehrseitr7 certificate and record of
the date of the !report.l am informed to be naturalized had not resided the requlredtlme
t that 170 cases Were decided during the In the United States. In others tt is admitted upon
- . month •• of November. . Arguments are te/:,n,i c it t i , a n litli . t d h:t it t4 e requirements
I. of law bate not
' being matle, and decisions given in the re- In.somercases, even, such certificate's have been
1 nminisig cases withall the dispatch con- matter of purchase. These are not. isolated eases,
arising at rare intervals. hut of common occurrence
1 sistent with the prder, consideration of men are reported from all quarters of the
3 the question subniittl. , e • Cube. Such occurrences cannot and do not fall ..-
1
MANY OF THESE 'CLAI3IS TO s itir.FLP:CT LYON VIZ 0011ZANSIZNIT
tendupon nil honest Citizens. Stich a fraud being
• are in behalf of mariners who depend on diseovered, however, there Is no practicable means
•
the evidence of; mariners whose absence within the cmdrol of the Government by which the
; .
:Ms delayed the taking or , the return let record of naturallzatiOn cable vacated, and should
.I . the certificate be taken up, as it usually IS, 5 t the
the necessary evidence. It is represented
~. diplomatic and consular represeniatonts of the Goys
m it will
to e that _ b
e impracticoble for tile entment to whom it may have teen presented,;
Court to finallk dispose of all before it
.11 , acre i ls nothing prevent the i t , pe i rWen n claiming to
within the present limit 'of its duration.: cute from
a.en naturalizedte
court
l piecef ni obtaining
thatain cit miry ee da
which ifs
:Justice to the Parties claimant who' ,have taken front him. ,
been at large expense in - preparing 'their The evil has beeonio so great and of siseh inquest:
claims and obtaining the evidence in tleir r., n t rre,,,,mnec°,recttLeanmen°4 too
ire adoptedpzo
support, suggest a Short extension to n- a proper remedy and means foe the vacating °Troy
able the court to dispose cif all the claiins record thus fraudulently made, and
,punshing
~ the guilty parties to. the transa c tion. In this con
wbielt have been presented. - mouse I refer moot° the eu'estion of e xpatiation
I nEcomu irs D ;TuE L E G NLATiox • and the election of nationality
. The United States
! . was foremost in upholding the 'right of expediences,
which may de deemed proper to enable and was principally instrumental is overthrowing
the Court to complete the work before' it. : i b e ° c = li gli i rgs' l ,7T i r a i t e g anee ic, c l„: " F t =
1 1
I recommend that iome suitable p . rovis on and Inherent right of all people. •
be made by the creation of a special rt, But while... Mani ot_her. hatX have snactod laws
or by confcring the necessary jurisdict en tru or va a in c g ou r ata
a r l zi a t n ie cr a , SUil
thelCulte bee n d
States has
upon sortie appronriate tribunal for fella' enacted no provisions of law, and has In no respect
consideration end ' determination -* of the mar m ke i d h o ut how wadi whew expatriation may be ac
claims of aliens against tho Goveriiment m to r tlie attention Bi
it o s f ci t t io r
( It In m at e an nt ces vh ol:l; c brough t
ns
of the United States, which have .arisen of the United States.' either naturalised or native.
within some reasonable Untitation of time ror r :i' ""6
kui tl y t rhemnnee ye elltns of subjects
thea e b.. t
or - which may hereafter arise, excluding seure g f a kt any e proviallons :if legislation on this ques.
all clauses barred by treaty provisional or non, when Involved In difficulties. or when It mews
otherwise. It liao/cen found impossible,to their Interest, claim to be cubical' of the United
States and demand the Intervention of a prem.
togive proyer cons ideration to these claiins ment which they have long since abandoned. and
by the - ,Execiative Department of the to which for years they have rendered iels movie*
government. , . l nor held . themselves in any way answershhow la
other eases naturalized citizens, immediately after
SUCH ir r TRIBUNaL natundlUtion, have returned to their ILIVVIt WOW
would afford an opportunity to aliens oth- t e t l p &, t d fil ,, , g c b-- „,,,p e r ttirr in tr, de w:. iii,1,,,,1-20 as
er than British setrinects to present their ran ritixenship,,ana evidence no Intent to return to
claims on" account of act Si. committed- the United Slates until called neon to discharge
affainstrtiteir persons or property during som e when d a u t ty t ee n t t te ey =r m igr: i = p, it t litA
the aebellion, as also to those subjects of upon the representative/rot the iiiirretnnient to aid
Great Britain who's° c l a i man t s h ave ar i sen them in their unjust pretensions.
..
It is but Junes tea* boss Bade dtlaess that no
subsequent to the Oth day of April, 1085,.4 doubt should exist on such qui:saws. sad that Coe
could not be presented to the late COin- cress 15 b 0104 deoruloe rgereotoots. of kiWilinV
i 1 .
eII:IJAN r.r...TIATIIr.:
TNr: IV:.S
rwithin but a' few days more than two ;
-month, froni date of. agreement-4 copy
jof whiTfiti is I:etcwith transmittO. In
'pursuance of, terms of the adjtutinent, I ,
have directed the dist : ribution :of the
iam ant, among' parties en tied thereto,
including the ship s compal.q,- . and ,rich of-;
; the•passt ngenf as were American ettoiens.
I • Payments are made according-ly. :tnt the
aiodlieatioii of the partics t niitled thereto. .
I The past year has furnishe•l no evidence
of an -approaching termination iS 'the
1 to Colltlet which lias been ragii* :or ,
seven years in Cuba. The; same dhsegard
of the laws of civilized warfare, of the '
just demands of lium.tnitv, witkli have
; lalretofore called for tied expression of .
c,aulemnaticin ft eta the nations or Chris
: tendom,lnv . :e eYntinucil to blacl:en the !
slid scene. ,Desolati -
on. ruin,ftind ,pillhute
I ; are pervading the rich fields of onc; of the ;
most feitt ilk and protective regions of
earth. and thief incendiary's torch : . firing
plantations nod valuatle factories land
buildings, is the agent tharkin4 - the :titer-
I nate advance or retreat of .contdoiling
parties. The protracted continuauce of
this strife seriously - affects the interests of
I. • I .•
all commercial nations, but thwzo of the
i.United States more than others I,y reason
-' , of close proximity, its larger trade and, I
I - intercourse kith Cuba, and the Eregociit
at hitiinate -,;.ersonal :aid se , cial 1-,•1 hms
, - ,
which have grown,up between its citizens-,
j• - and . those of the island. :',loreover, the
.; property of, our eitiatis in Cuba It. - large
:nal-is - rendered insecure and &pi-Mated
in value •••-•1 in e liwaClt y - of production by
ni
. the contimce of the stiifh and tape on
! natural mode of its conduct. The sacac
is true. differing only- in ;degree, With re
! spect to the interest :nl Peipple of otin2: -
. .•
11;tilons ; and the absence of any reasona
; bre assurance of a near terminatioa of the
conflict must of necessity soup coMpcl the
j States thus suffering to consider.what the;
1 interest of their own people and their duty
i towards themselves may demand. ; -,L!
IPASISii .IFP.IIIIE
I have hoped:that Spain woold,.be en
al:led to Nablish peace in her colutiy, to
afford 2 , s:entity to the. propel ty :ilia the
interests of ou'r citizens, and aihov
mate ::wip e to trade and cortmerce_and the
natural productions of the island. D.:-
cause of this hope,
..and from an extreme
reluctance to interfere in the most, remote
manner in the affairs of anot.h . and a
friendly- nation, csiieciall:: of one NI, hosq
symiattiy-and fricadship in the qt
infancy of our own existceece nutst ever
be remembered with giatitud‘'. 1 have
tiently and anxiously waited the prog:reS'S
of events.
So
nr
(.f
ni
t: e
OUR OWN CIVIL CONFLICT
is too recent fon us not to consiiki the
ditlicultics s U11'61:1141 a r , , r(4 cut
distracted by a dynastic rehellionat home
at the same-time thatit has to cin,e with
a scpartite insurrection in a distant colony.
'But whatever causcs nay have produced.
tlrt situation Ivhich greviously affects
our'interests, it exists with: all its attend=
ant qvils Operating, directly upon this-
cOnutry and its people.: Thus faIL all the
efforts of Spain have proven aboiiiive, and
time has intuited no improvement iu . the
. _ _
THE AItMED.BANFS OF MILER. :511)E." _
noy — oecupy nearly the same ~ ,r e:md as in
the past'with he dilferrnee front time to
time Of more ices t;acriliced, more prop
erty tlkstroyed and wider extents of fer
tile anti productive fields and more
of valuable property constantly "and Wan
tonly s:teritieetl to the'ineendi.tryi!s torch.
• In coutcst s of thiS nature, where a coil
siderable body of people who have at
tempted to free themselves from the con
trol of the superior Oovermaent have
refulied such a point, in occupation of
teriitory, in'power,Mia in general ergani-
Zittion, as to constitute in fact' a body
- Politic, having gin:el-nu:cut in gubstamee
as tvgll as in name, possessed of the ele
ments of stability and equipped-with the
machinery for the_ inlministratien of in
ternal policy and thp: execution of, its laws,
provided and able to administer:justice at
home; as well as in its dealings, with other
Powers; it is within the province of those
other,poWers to recognize thecXittauce of
a new and independent nation.
Ire suth cases other nations simply deal
with an 'actually existing 'condition of
'things,' and recognize as one of the pow
ers of the earth that body
. politic which,
livssessing the necessary elements, has'in
fact becaino a new power. • In a word, the
creation of anew State is a fact,e To es:
tabliilt trae condition of things eisStutial to
the recognition of this fact, there must be
a people occupying a known I.43Titorb
united under some known and defined
form of 'government, acknowledged by
then subject thereto, in which the func-'
times of government, administered by le
gal method, competent to mete out juscice
to citizens and,stangers, to afford ream
dies for public and- for private wrongs, -
and able to assume the correlative inter
national obligation's, ", and capable of
performing the corresponding interna
tional dutica- resulting from ,its acquisi
tion of the rights of sovereignty.
A power should exist complete in its
.organization ready to take and aide to
maintain its place among, the nations of
the earth.
Sig; F.VETL FAITAFUL
While conscious that the insurrection
in Cnba has a strength and endu
rance which make it at least doubtful
whether it be in the• power of Spain to
subdue it, it seems unquestionable that
no such civil organization exists which
may. be reco;,rnized as an independent
germ mnent. ar.d entitled to lie treated as
one of the powers of the earth. A recor.- •
nation under such circumstances would lie
inconsistent with the facts, and would
compel the power granting it soon to sup
port by force the Government to which it
had really given its only claim of exist
ence. _ln my judgment theTnited States
should adhere to the policy and principles
which have heretofore been - its sure and
safe guides in like • contests between re
volted colonies and their mother country,
and acting only upon the closest evidence,
should avhid any possibility, of suspicion
or of imputation. •
A RECOGNITION OF TILE INIDTPENDENCE
OF CUBA,
being, in my opinion, impracticable and
indefensible, the question:which next
presents itself is that of belligerent rights
n the parties to the contest. • 4
-
EssritttEurtos BECOMES WAR.
Iu a former Message to Congress, I had
-oce tsion to consider this question. and
retched the conclusion that the conflict in
Cuba, dreadful and 7devastating as were
its incidents, did not rise to, the Tearful
dignity of war. Ileg,arding it now, afro!
.
IT WOULD lIF. UNWORTHY OF THE UNIT
to inaugurate the possibilities of such e
suit by measures of questionable right
expediency, or by any indirection.
spirt Rout any question of theoreti.
tibia, I am satisfied that while the
cordanee of lielligerent rights toi,the i
sur.:cnts in CuliO might give them a ho 4
ono. an indticementto pratract the stru.
rile, it would be hut .
.DELtzivr.: IiOPF.,
all'l would not remove, the evils wb
this Government and its : people arc es
rkncing, but woubt dran the tni
States into complications Which it
trait.2d lung and already suffered mucl
av,,i(l„
Thc. recognition of indepCindence or
lielli.;creney being thus in my judgme
cl:tally inadmissible, it, remains to co
.4iiler wil.tt course shall be adopted - slum
tie conflict not soon be brought to
end by acts of the parties themselves; .
Nip iuld the evils which result therefrom
all, nations, particularly to - the twit
S:atel, continue, I am Of opinion !fix
other nations will' - be -compelled to .s.
smile the responsibility which tiered ei
open them, and to seriously conside:r tin
only remaining measures possible, mbd a.
lion and intervention, owing perhaps, to
the large expanse of water separating t to
island from the peninsula, the want of
harinony and of 1 etsonal gy'mpathy -
tweet' the 'inhabitants of the colony , a d
•those sent thither to rule them; and wt •t
of - adaptation of the colonial system of
F.umixf to the present time, and to t o
Alms which the events of the past con 11-
1
Ty have developed, the contending part es
appear to have within themselves no &-
pository of common confidence to sugg st
wiFilom when passion and exciters tit
have their sway, and to assume the.
..
of peacemaker.
In this 'view, in the.earlier days of to
contest, the good offices of the .
__
' 'UNITED bTATr-‘3 AS A I.I.EDIATOR
were temlered in good faith, without a
selfish purpose; hi the interest of huma
ty and in sincere .ft iendship for both p
ties, lint at that time were declined
Spain, coupled, however with the de&
tion that in all probability at 1 fuf
time they would be indispensable„,
intimation has been received. that it
opinion of Spain that time has been r
cd. And yet the strife continues wi
its dread horrors, and all its injui
the interestspf the' United States
other nations. '
Each party seems quite vipable of
ing great injury and damage to the
as well as to all the'relations and in
dependent on the existence of peace
island, but they seem turapable of
STATES
GEM
ing any adjustment, and both have thus.
far failed of achieving any success, where
by one party shall fsossdss and control the
island to:the exclusion of the other.
OUTSIDE Aokrteir.
Under other eireutriit - at.ces - the agency
of others, either by meditation or by in
tervention, seems to lxi the only alterna
tive which must, sooner or later, be irivok-,
ed for the termination of the strife.. At
- the same time, while thus impressed,
I DO SOT AT TILD3 TIME RECOMMEND
the adoption of any measure of interven
tion. I shall be ready at all times, and as
the friend of both parties, to respond to a
suggestion that the good officers: of the
Unit ml States will be acceptable to aid in
bringing aboat a peace j honorablo to both.
It is dueto Spain, so Tar as this Govern
ment is concerned,. that the agency of a
third - power,. to which t I have adverted,
shall be adopted only ail a last expedient.
Had it 'been the desire of the United
States to interfere in the affairs of Cuba;
repeated opportunities for so doing have
been presented within the last few years.
But we. have remained 'passive and have
performed our whole ditty, and all inter
national obligations to Spain with friend-,
ship, fairness, and fidelity, with a spirit,
of patience and forbearance which nega-:
tives every possible suggestion of desire;
to interfere or to add to the :difficulties
with*which she has been surrounded. The ;
Government of Spain has, recently sub-:
mitted to our
,Idinisther at Madrid cer-;'
twin proposals.whieb, it is hoped may be:
found to be the basis jif not 'the actual;
submission of-terms to 'meet the require
ments of the particular griefs of which;
this Government has felt itself entitled to'
complain. These proposals hay° not yet;
reached me in their full text., On their ;
arrival they will be taken into careful ex
amination. and may, I hope, lead ton sat-j
isfactory adjustment oQ the questions - to'
whiqh they refer,
AND.REMOVE TIIE POrIBILITY OP' FUR-:
- TITER OCCUIIRENCES
such as have given rise to our just com
ilaints. It is undentold, alio, that re.
mission, onized putimant to the pro
visions of te r eaty of Washington.••
THE EtzernICITELSOUiII •
has
.become an essential andAndignillw
Ide agent in the tranemiudOn of :bulimia
and social messages.i. Its oistrotios --- con
land within the limits l i ef particular. States
is necessarily Under te (Athol of the r•
isdiction within whielt it °mobs. ThIl!
lines on the high snarl hot/miter, are: not
subject to the particular control of any
ono Government. In 1869 a concession
was granted;by the French Gummier*
to accompany which I proposed to lay a
cable from the shore' of France to the
United Sbitcs. At that time there wail a
telegraphic connection between the Uni
ted States and the Continent of Europe,
(through the possessions of Great Britain
at either end of the lino) under control of
an association which had, at large outla
of capital, and at greatrrisk, dem
tho practicability ofi maintaining such
means of communication. The cost of
correspondence by this agency was great,
possibly not too large at the time for a
proper remuneration for so hazardous and
so costly an entarprise. It was, however,
a heavy charge upon it means or commu
nication which the progress in the social
I and commercial intercourse of the world
found to be a .necessity, and the obtain.;
ing of this Wench concession showed, that
other capital than that already invested
was ready to enter into competition with
assurance of adequate return for their
outlay. Impressed with the conviction
that the interests,not only of the people of
the United States,but of the world at large
demanded, or would demand. the
'MULTIPLICATION ' OF BUCK MUM
of communication betwein separated con
tinents, I was desirous that the proposed
connection should be made, but certain
provisions of this concession were deemed
by me to be objectionable, particularly
one which gave for a long term of years
the exclusive right of telegraphic commu
niattion by submarine cable between the
shores of Franco and' the United States.
I could not concede that any power should
claim the right to land a cable on the
I=s te i= hei reieskoll : mit asap lit
• z. •
I alms twig your stdantilig I* 1110 Illeassity
regsdattegsowie. by km.
ISO neon: -Monaca' wawa.
It
wo sg of ,golb
telly Oat at Mims Wall! e mi t sr y iers
of
Awakes pariets olio sew ripidft Om/ c sok
Mike, sons rather priorlsis or pang
legal Meet to saairilprie et .111 /umd cow
Mend In Omar loomirton* Ilie ;: eornegoosioisos
snbottioll lberrolig Slow* too K tea osuataatty
eceettag issootioes tbessgsdats jpresootog to tbe
coaddoranaa oft Clovenunacit. - Time aro tow
subjects to engage dio attootion' rit oe
'eb aloes delicate rotations K !IOW ICoogross
mportant
latenna ors nijosidest. .
DIIPAWININT 01P 111111141111006
Is the walk et Maly bet the banding &meted
tor the Department if Mate was lakes pared=
of awl cweepied by thst department. I sts happy
to SUUCIMseII that the archives sad valsabie severe
ot the Govenuneat Is si ted gyd ,ot that epart
swat mesas Wyly d • s ad prowl urea
far.
:as Aaron or Tall 11111011T4IT: OP TIM ISM*
cast •
- shows the reestpts trio raletonai ter the best year
audio, Jane Se. 11174, to hare been 1143.103,1111111,
se4 tar the year irobbirJahe 1114 017.187.721.311,
decrease ter the last Sind year of 11,114.11144.
Re
esipta trees Wined sorra for no year ending
Seth of Mum IT/b, wangle:OoS:lKM and for the
1 year, ending the Seth of Joao, 119, wore #1.10,007.-
Mee. Increase. $7.107.7011.1111.
The report alp drews a complete history et the
workings attire Department fer the last year. wed
contains reeollllllllllll4lllloMa for whim and for lees.
Isnot; which I Conan , la. but raanoe comment es or
litfly so I should like to do If space would permit,
hat Will condos myself to a how saggesticas which
I loot Epos se vital to the beet interests of the
whole people coning wtthia purview of the
" Tressty•,
inum spans Issaurnos.
Too much stress cannot be laid spat the question.
and I hope Cowries may he Induced at the earliest
day practicable to insets the eoesinnination of the
set of the last Congress at Its last 'session to bring
about specie resumption on and atter the Dist day
of January. 1579, at furthest. •
IT WOCLII SZ ♦ GIOIA? al.y.isinto
If this Could be consummated steel at an eviler
day. Nothing seems to use mere artaln than that
a full. healthy and permanent realities cannot rake
place In favor of the !WI:SMM' Ind Midnelal we,'
Woof the country until we return to a measure of
values recognised throughout the civilised world.
While we aft a minx, not ritalvairot to Oa
standard. the world's recognised standard. specie.
becomes • commodity like the products of.the
the surplus seeking a market wherever there Is a
demand for It. Under our presear system we should
want Done—nor would we have say were It not that
customs must be paid Is coin. and because of the
pledge to pay the Interest on the public debt In
rota.
The yield of precious metals tread Sow out for
the purchase of hiseign productions and leave the
United States bonen of wood and drawers of wa
ter. because of artier leglslation. - en the subject of
ammoe by the nations with whom we have dealings.
I am not prepared to my that I cell suggest the best
legislation to secure the. end Most heartily cowl;
mended. t;
QURSTION or auviernos.
It win fie a source of great rattileatlon to me to
be able to approve any measure of Congress looking
effectively towards securing resumption. Un
limited indatten would probably bring about specie
payment more speedily than any legislation looking
to the redemption of legal-tendsrs In coin, but It
.would be at the expense of honor: The legal-tend
ers would have no value beyond settling present Ur
Mita, or, properly speaking, repudiating them.
They would bay nothing after debts were all set
tled. - . -
There are s few measures which seem to be im
portant In this connectiou. and *Zilch I commend
to your earnest ennsideration. A repeal of in much
of the legal tender set as makes {bore notes receive.
able for debts contacted after a date to be fixed In,
the act Itself, my not later than lb* lit of January: .
1117!..
We should then have quotatlobs at real value&
notictlllous !ones. Gold would. no longer be at a
memlum, but currency at a Mail:mat. a healthy re.
action would bet In at once, and .with' It a desire to
mate the currency equal to what It papaws to be.
The merchants, manufacturers and trodesmenof
every tatting could do badness en *lair margin of
profit. the motley to be reeelvedliaving an novary.
lug value. Laborers and all claws who work for
annotated pay or salary would receive mom for
their income, because extra props would no longer
be charged by the capitalists to compensate far the
risk of a downward fluctuation In the value of the
currency.
Second. That the Secretary Of the Treasury be
authorised to redeem say not to exceed r. 41100.000,
monthly of legal.tender notes by leaning in their
Mead a long bond, bearing interest at the rate of
X 63.100 per cent., ranging from f. 30 to #l,OOO. .This
would in tithe reduce the legal.tender notes to a
vOln4e that could be, kept of oaf' without demand.
log redemption in large sums suddenly.
Third. That additional power be given to the
Seeretary of the Treasury to. secumulatelgold for
anal redemption, eltber by Increadngthe.revenne
and curtailing expense, or both.
It is preferable to do both, and I recommend that
a reduction of expenditures be made wherever It
can be done without impairing Government oblige.
Hong or crippling the due proportion therof. One
measure for increasing the revenue, and the only
one / think of, Is the
ItZETOHAT/011 OP Till DUTY Olf TZA AltD COT.
12=I
These dotted would add probably 1111,000,000 to
the present amount received from imports. and
would in no way Increase the press raid for thane
&tildes by the consumers. These articles are the
products of countries collecting revenues from ex
ports, and as we. the largest consumers, reduce the
dutlee.-they proportionately inereatee them.
With this addition to the revenue many duties
tow collected, and.whlch gives bat an inslgnigeant
return for the cost of eoilectingiinight be remitted,
and to the direct advantage of consumers at hone.
I would mentiou those articles which enter into
manufaitures of all sorts. All dull paid • upon
such articles go directly , . to the; cost of the article
when inanuf•einred here, and Most be paid for by
the conelimerti These duties set only come from
the cousumers at home, but aetT, as a protection to
foreign manufacturers of the glue completed *lll'
elm lo our town and distant machete.
FtIItIFICAVION OF 01,A11611.
I will suggest d i e Mention another subject bearing
upon the problem of hew to enable the Secretary
of the Treasury to accumulate *,,tmiances ; "It is to
devise some better method of 'verifying claims
against the Government than at present exists
through. the. Court of Claims,: especially, those
claims growing out of the late war. Nothing Is more certain than that a very large
percentage of the amounts passed and paid are
either wholly fraudulent or ani far in elms of the
real losses sustained.
The large amount of lases, prOren on good testi
mony eecordlag to existing lair& by affidavits of
fictitious or onscrepulews permits, to have been
mutained on small brans and plantation& are not
only far beyond the possible yield of those Nowell
foray one year, but, akevery {me knows wbo has
had esperience In tilling the soil and who has visi
ted the Geese, of these spoliation& are In in
states more than the Indivldial claimants were
ever worth, incladlng their personal and real s
tate.
TUB •IPOIT or Till ATTOAIaT GIINISRAL.
and which will be submitted to Commas at an ear.
17 day, will contain a detailed Milton' of awards
made and of claims pending of *he class here refer
red to.
TEE REPORT OF TUN SECRETARY OF WAR,
accompanying this message. gives $ detailed se
count of army ”erattons for the year Just paned.
expenses fair loteneace. eta.; with recommenda
tions for legislation to which I respectfully Invite
your attentlaa. To some of these I invite special :
attention :
Tint. The necessity of making 1300.000 of the ap-,
prWatlon for the Subsistence Department avalls.
ble before the beginning of the nest Sethi year.
Without this provisions troops at points distant
from supply and prediction mid either go with
opt food, or existing laws must be violated. It is
not attended with eat to the Treasury. •
Seesod.' His recommendation for the enactment
of iii system of bounties for the families of deceased
°Misers by voluntary dedectiomi from the monthly
pay of °Steen. - This, again, is not attended with
burdens Rya the treasury, aad would for the fts.
turn relieve much distress, which every old army
officer has witnessed In the past.: Of officers dying
suddenly or tieing killed, leaving families viitbost
even the mesas of reaching thair friend; it forte
nate enough to have friends loath them.
Third. The repeal of the law.: abolishing mileage
and a return to tbo old system..,
Fourth. The trial with torpedoes under that:mos
of Engineers and appropriation for the same.
Should war ever weer between the United States
and any maritime power. torpedoes will be among.
If not the cheapest and most elective auxiliary for
the defence of turbots, and alto in aggressive opa
rations. that we can have. Hance. It is advisable
to learn by experiment their best construction as
well as erect.
Fifth.. A permanent organisition•far the:Signal
Service Corps. This service has nogg become a ne
cessity of pence as well as wakundet the advance
ment made by the pr•sent able;manslement.
Sixth. A renewal or the appropriation for com
piling the 'official records of the war, etc.
TIIII. CONDITION OF O XAYY.
at thM time is a subject of satlifsetion. It does not
contain. it is true, any of the powerful oohing
iron-clads which make an moth of the manitime
strength at some other nations. but neither our
continental situation or our foreign policy reputres
that we should have a large nusiberof Ship° of this
character, while this situation sod the nature of
oar ports combine to make those of other nations
little dangerous to us under any circumstances.
TitztrOotroilia.
Our navy does contain, Molter. a considerable
number of Iron-clads of the Monitor class, which
though not
_Wapiti, angora, ate powerful and of
biotite for defense snit for operations near
our own shores; of these, all the single turreted
ones, fifteen in number, have been substantially re
built, their rotten. wooden beaks' repelled. so that
they are new in the most efficient condition, and
ready for sea, aa soon as they can be manned and
put In commission.
The nye double-turreted hail clads belonging to
oar nary. by far the most powerful of our ships for
lighting purposes, are alio In bald undergoing
complete repairs, and could be ready:for sea in pe.
rinds varying from fear to six lanais. With these
completed according to the palest design. and our
two Iron. torpedo beats now ready. our iron-clad
fleet wit for the purposes of defence at home.
equal to* any foe that lan 'Seedily be brought
against it.
Of our wooden navy stun. crams of various sites
to the nifseber of about forty. including those Dow
emoted's, are to the Atlantic and (Sold be
ready for duty as fast as Ineticould be enlisted for
those aot alsead in eosindediMs.
• Of these ime th y
ird are in efeet new shim and,
though some of the remainder seed onsMerable
repairs to their boilers sod machinery they all are,
or can:readily be made effective.. This constitutes
a Soto! more Mass Invest skips of which fifteen
are iron-clade. now in band onthe Atlantic coast.
The navy has bee, brought to this condition-by a
Piedras and prettiest application of what could
be spored from the current appropriations of the
last few years, and from that made to meet the pos.
sibis enstorgeliey of two years ago. -It has been
done quietly and without proclamation or display,
anAtbougli it him soomaM , :etraightePid the de
parlors& In its ordinary expeditkos, and as far as
the troniebds are concerned has added nothing to
this outstay force of the . Yet he result Is
sot the ins satisfactory, becau eery se it la t to to found
in a great Increase of real, tithes . than apparent
forte.
Tan eireathes
la the mandenanee of an elfeethe tome In
ail Its branches. are aseesatirlly large. bet such
lone Is essential to our potation. relations. and
ebareeter. and sleets serlauly the weight of our
priaelpiss
_and polleythrougliont the whole sphere
of Bailout responsibinty.
The estimates for the Mahar support of this
branch of the service for the peat year amanita to
a little less to the eingletate than these made for
the current year. but mare addltkwal •
*leas am anted for objects wit Ineteded in i Crat i t
nary mahatma , * of the asiy, bat believed to to
of presets' importance at thie lime: .It-snadd, In
my opinion, be wise at oats Isi* Word salletent
means for the immediate eidispietise of the Ave
dontde-Mmetedl waiters Ml~Mig repairs
whit* mist otheise ad Vasty. and only aa
aro well frost inipmes. Sap
loy thes rw e ear iielatd with the do
se userirei letased
elml Altiostratied um-
Insist a smagh tat
of.ems.
rossas—arrisse.
The repoth of the itheatheteiwdessessi, her*lth
traaaalttea, glees a fall history of the worldap of
the departmen the the vest Just pdat. - It WM be
obiened that d el
to beisepptled from
the emend teasel la d aver the monist re
spilled for the preceding year.
Ina county so vast In area se the Untied States,
withmted. Wlllol/ settled. It must ho es
tie tate important Berth* girth be more or
lOW burden opoelbe treasury for marly.years to
these. But there Isbo breath of of the public Ser.
dos which interests the whole people mormlissa
than that of cheap Mtd Vapid transmission of the
snails, to every inkaabited pad of our territory'.
Ned to the eases the postoMeels the great educa
tor of the people, and it may well metro thq sup
port of the general gorentment. ,
The subsidy of {1 50,000 per annum even te res.
sob of the Valt States for carrying die malls be
dressy New Tor and Rio de Janette haring ceased
as the Seth day of September last. we are without
dirret man facilities with the South American
States. This is greatly to be regretted, soil Ido
net hesitate to recommend the authorization of a
Melia of that contract. and also that , the service
may be Increased ;from ' monthly to serni-monthly
trips. The commercial aduantage:to be gained by
a direct Una of American ,steameth to the South
American States far outweigh the espouse of
the menace.
By act of Cottrell approved. March 3, 1875. ni-'
Most all matter. whether properly malt matter or
not may be sent any distance through the malls, In
packages not exceeding' four pounds-In weight for
the sum of sixteen mats per pound. So far as the
transudation of real mall matter goes, this would
seem entirely proper, but I suggest that the law bo
so amended as to exclude from the mails merchim
dlsepf all descriptions ,and limit this transporta
tion !to articles enumerated and which may -be
claimed u mail matter proper.
•TUL OLACX, 1111.1.8.=: 4*-
Tbe discovery of gold In the Blaik If ills. a pot
-Son of the Sleex reterrattim, has had the clfect to .
Induee,a large emigration of miners to that,point.
Thus fdr the effort to protect the treaty rights of
the Indians to that section has been soccessful,but
the next year will certainly witness a large inerease
of such emigration. The negotiations for the re
linquishment of the gold fields !Laving faded if will
be left for Congress to adopt some measures to re
lieve the embarrassment growing out of * the cases
named. •
The Secretary of the Interior euggests that
the : supplies now appropriated fOr the susten
ance of people, being no longer obligatory !Under
the Treaty of 1858, bet simply a gratuity, may, be
Issued or withheld at his discretion. , -
INDIAN TES RITORT
- The condition of the Indian Territory, to which
I have referred In several of my former annual
messages, remains prattle-ally unchanged, ; The
Secretary of the Interior has taken measures to
obtain a full report of the condition of that -Terri!
tory. and will make It the subjeet of a sp - teial
ra
pot at an early day. It may then ha nace , Ortry to
make scene further reccommendation in regard to
legislation for the gmertimet of that territory.
Tint PAW:NT OFFICE. ;
. .
The steady growth and Increase of the Intsiness
of the Patent Ottire Indicates In some mea.sore the
sa of the Industrial activity tot 'country.
764receip t ii of the Mike are In excess ofts.expen
dltnres, and the omen generally Is In A. pteeperous
and satisfactory condition.
=I
The report of - the General Law' °Mee shows that
there were 2,430,801 acres less disposed of 'poring
this than during the last year More than one-half
of this decrease was in !awls disposed of umler the
- homestead and timber-culture laws. The CAtIS . 3 of
this decrease Is supposed lobe fo lln Ifni grasm
hoppey*courge and the draughts witch presrall •,1
soextenslrely In' some of the frontier Stays and
Territories during that time as to dlscourags and
deter entries by actual 'settlers,
The cash receipts. were less by trAte_tt.'il than
during the preceding year. The cntirs surveyed
area of the public domain Is 449,2 A -091 ack:s, of
which 28,077.5.11 acres were surveyed during the
pas; year, leaving I,IS-1.471.1 . q7. acres std unieirrey
ed. The reort of the Commissioner pre , ents many
Inter:Mug sugg !slims In reg.ani to the siviirszlnr,
and disposition of the public domain an& Cie melt
hcallon of existing laws, the apparent Imp ertance
of whiCh should insure for-them th•,r carzEnt con
alderatlon of Congress,
TUE :Immune or PENSIONERS
. . .
still continues to deereatie, the higliests ntonber
haying been reached during the year civil : it:T. June
30, 1873, During the last year 11,557 names were
added to the rolls; and 12,777 wen , droped -there.:
from, showing* net decrease of i,410.. Lint, whifel
the number of pensioners has decreased, the an nuol I
amount due on the pension rows has increaredi
4441.722,11. :This u caused by the greatly id , sea:sell
foresage rate of pensions, which by the 111)141 leg.:
talattim of Congress, has Inereattlst from ti..(r2t3 In
1872 to 00,391 In 1875, to each invaild rnsioner . an;
toeretie In the average rate of fifteen per rent, In ,
the three years during the year ending June 30.;
1873. There was paid on account of penshins. In - !
eluding the expenses of disbarg.ment,
being e 10,632 less than Was paid, The . preceding,
year,' this reduction In the amount of expehtlitures
was produced by the decease In the amonilt of ar-'
rearakes due on alloW.fil claims and ou pen.Joir,
the rate of which was increased by the leg,liatimi
of the preceeding session of Congress.
TILE PL:CSTO:stItS.
At the close of the last dseat year there *ere on
the pension milt 234,821 person 'of whoui :10,353
were army pensioners, 105,478 being invalids and
1011.883 widows and dependent relatives; 3.420 wets
nary pensioners. of whom 1,655 were invalids and
1.784 widows and dependent relatives 7.l,qxs were ,
pensioners of the war of 1813, 15,87.1 of whims sv.,ni
survivors and 5,163 were widows. It I.s eittniated
that 1128,630.000 will be required fon the paymeni of
pensions for the next fiscal year an amouni-e565,600
less than the estimates for the present year. The
geological explorations base been, prosecuted with
energy during the year, covering an area of 403,00 n
square miles in the Territories of Colorado, nail,
and Now Mexico, devel4ping the agricultural and
mineral resources; and furnishing. intero.ting
scientific and topographical details of that region.
flTflfl'b i's)
The Method, for the treatment of the; Irellitivf
adopted at the begitioing of my first term has been
steasdiy pursued and wile satisfactory pad en,
couraging result,. It has been proilticiire of
dent improvement in the condition of that race,
and will be continued with only each twxl Itl rat lons
as further experience may indicate to be necessary
to the favorite'e cotsideration of Cimgress.i
I transmit herewith the report of the commis
sioner of Agriculture together with the reports of
the Ceinmleslonent of the Baird' of Atellts, antl
the Board. of Health of the District of Columbia,
to all of which I invite your attention.
=
has secomplished much In disseminating useful
knowledge to the agriculturist end also In Intro.
diming new and useful productions adaptitd to our
soil and climate and Is worthy of the contliarted
coaragement of the government.
TIMRSUOBT OP Tilt COIIMISSIONEtt WEDUCA-
QM
which accompanies the report of the Secretary or
the Interior, shows a gratifying 'progress in ednes;
tknaallnottera.. In nearly every annual :,inesvage
that I tune had the honor of ,transtnlttkng to Con
gress I base called attention to the anomalous, no!
to Sky.
• 'SCANDALOUS CONDITION OF AFFAIRS
existing In the Territory of Utah and havTasked
for definite legislation to correct It. That polyg
amy should exist-in a free enligt.tened apd Chris
tian country without the power to punish sit fIX.
grant a crime against decency, and morality seems
preposterous. True there is no law to sustain MIS
unnatural vice, but what is needed Is o law to pun
ish It as a crime; and at the same time to Az the
status of the innocent children. the offipring or
this system, and of the possibly innocent plural
.wives. Rut as an institution polrganty Should be
banished from the land, While this is Whig done
I invite the attention of Congress tm soothe.
though perhaps no less as. evil. the importation of
Chinese women, but few of whom are btought to
oar shores to pursue honorable or useful occup
.,
(ions,
Observations While visiting the territories of WY
ending, Utah and Colorado during the, past amine
convinced , me that existing laws regulating' the
disposition of public lands, timber, etc., and proba
bly the mining laws themselves are very defective,
end should be: carefully amended at an early day .
In territories where cultivation of the soil cao
only be followed by Irrigaiion,%id where irrigatloe
is not practicable, the lands can only be used as
pasturage, and this only where slack can reach wa
ter, (to quench Its, thirst) cannot be governed , by
the same laws as to entries, as lands every acre of
which is an independent estate by Itself, Laud ,
must be held in larger pusntitics to •ustify the e
penselof conducting water upon It to make it fruit
ful or to justify utilizing it as pastitrige, Thf,
timber in most of the Territories is principally con-
Saadi:to the mountain regions, which anti held for
entrydn small yoututities enly, and as mineral land's
the timber is the property of the United States, for
the dlipmal of which there is now no adequat
law. - The settler must become a consumer of this
timber, whether he lives upon the plains or engi
ges in working the mines, l Hence, every: man taf
comes either a trespasser himself or, knowingly,
patron of trespassers, My ,opportunities for obser
vation were not su ffi cient to Justify me. its recent
mending specific legislation on these subjects, , but
I do recommend that a Joint committee of the twit
Houses of Congress, sufficiently large to be divided
Into sub-committees, be organized to visit all the
milting States and Territories during the coming
summer, and .that the' committee shall .report to
Congress at the next session spelt laws, or amend
ments to laws as it may deetn,.necessaryito secure
THE HEST INTERESTS OF TIIE GOVERNMENT,,'
and the people of' these Territories, who are doing
so much for their development. lam Akre the cit
izens occupying the territory described do nit
want to he trespasserr, nor will they if legal ways
are provided for them to become owners of these
actual necessities of their positions.
As this will be the last annual message which jl
shall have the honor of, transmitting to congress
before my socriessor is chosen, I will repeat or reca
pitulate the questions which I deem of vital Impor
tance. which should be legislated upon and settlekl
at this 'Maslow—First. That , the States shall be re
quired to afford the opportunity of a gob"' sclmel
education to every child within their Mulls.
Second. No sectarian tenets shall ever Ito taught-
In any school supported in whole or In mkt by the
State, Nation or the proceeds of a tax letied twin
say community. Make education compulsory do
far as to deprive all personswho cannoC read and
write from becoming voters after the year Isiffi,
disfranchising none, however, ;On the grounds of Il
literacy, who may be voters at the time this amend
ment takes effect.
Third, Declare Church and State fort:Ter sepa
rate and distinct, but each free within 114 it' proper
spheres; and that alt church property shall bear its
ownitroportion ef , „taxalion.
Fourth, Drive out licensed immorality, such as
polygamy and the importation of women for Ille
gitimate purposes. 2•
To recur again to the Centennial year, it would
feem - as though the centennial of our national eX
!steam would be a meat tiding time for these re
torter. I 1
Fifth, Enact such laws as will Insule a speedy
return, to a sound currency, - such as will ;command
the respect of the world. Ileleiving that these
views will commend -themselves to the !great Ma
jority of the right thinking .and patriotic citizens
of the 'United States, I submit the rest to Cougrsits.
U. S i GitANr„
Executive Msinsion, Dec. 7, 1873.
Tns WHISKY FRAUDS.—Nawit4-
stancring the base inuendoes auld
dark hints indulged in, by the Inde
pendent (?) and Democratic pre . ps
touching the complicity of certain
friends of the President in the enqr
, • ,
mons whisky frauds unearthed by
Gen. GRANT'S Secretary of the Treas
nix, the work of prosecuting the
offenders is being vigorouslypushed.
Mr. Bit'Brow says he intends to
"fight-it out on this line," and the
President adds, "Let none; of the
guilty escape.". IC any man posses
sing the confidence or perafinal re
gard Of the President is implicated
in the crooked whisky tranaactions,
his position will be ncpshieldi against
punishment.' Gen. GRANT iii deter
mined that all corruption in bis
l•sub
ordinates shall be rooted out! regai,d
less of persons. Both the P esident
and Secretary are entitled -to the
warmest support from all.ho
.est men
in the energy and honesty dpplayed
in bringing offenders to justice. '
Ntpodtt
Ilmafor
- EDIrEOII.I4
L. 0. 00000.1614, W. ALVOILD.
_l,y ► Dee. 9,1875.
CONGUESS.,
I
Both :houses Of Congress met at
noon on Momloll, last. lii the House
M. C. KERR" of Indian:li was chosen
Speaker,with the other officers of the
House of the most ultra-Deunkratie
views. I •
TILE MESSAGE.
We have dela l ycd the - publication
of -theitEPOR ; TER I one day in !.irder to
.
give our readersi the message: of th e
!President. --
Its length precludes the
possibility, of milting any comments
!upon it this week. , It treats. off, na-
Itional questions! in , the usual terse
;and forcible style of President GRANT,
, and with well repay aPerasal by 'all.
ANOTUEn ocearidisaster is report
the sterner Deutschland; of the
North Geri Van Lloyds, having gone
ashore near the mouth of the English
,Channel while on her' way from Bre
men to New York. ; .She is said to
have had sonic hundred and fifty em
igrants,aboard, a large proportion of
whom are supposed to have been
drowned, but the dispatches arc so
unsatisfoctory that it is difficult to
learn the exact • extent of the loss.
Modern improvements navigation,
are making it uncomfortably peril
, ous to go down to sea in steamships..
A CONTRAST.
• We commend to the 'careful atten
tion of young men the following
item contrasting the -Characters of
two recently deceased , gentlemen._
The lesson to be drawn is obvious :
" Two -mem died recently, 3N .. .hose
lives and character present a striking
contrast. The first of these was Vice-
President Wilson. When, on.the 16th
of February,.l6l2., lu.! first saw the
light of mortal life,. he-was the heir
.of three
. generationS of poverty ; the
descendant of three generations of
ancestors who had barely kept soul
and body together who, in that
rough and rugged, half, wilderness of
hiS -native New Ilianpshire, had, one
after another, fought-;L losingbattle
with life, until the ground covered
them. Apprenticed to a small fariner
at ten yearse.of age, and taking the
hard knocks and sore deprivations of
a chore boy at that-period when more
fqored young inen are nursed, and
pampered and crammed in school
and dollege; sttaVing, the-rudiments
of his native tongue, and the history
and politics of his native country by
the light of pine , knOtS and by the
midnight flashes:of smouldering back
logs, he contimied the s - tri_ogle with
"those twin jailors of th'e daring sold"
—low birth andiron'fortune—until
, a
well-earned success was achieved,
and the second position in the nation
attained.
" The other' was . Wm. - Astor,
who was born, lived and died in the
ranks of the richest men in'the coun
try. One was born but a single de
gree above_ absolute pauperism, the
other w•as the heir of a , man who had
then laid-the foundations of a collos
sal fortune. put . now,.while a nation
mourns over] the grave of the first,
the death of the second awakens
scareely any other"feeling than a cu 7
riosity to know how mucWie is"worth."
PR9PILIECY
A gentleman who had ,a long in
terview. with Vice PrcSident 1V 'LEON
just prior to his death, gives the fol
lowing particulars of 'the conversa
tion.
: The prophetic words of the
lamented Statesman, should be, well
pondered by all patriots:
, ;!Ir Wilson said:—" The Liberals.
havo,'been coming lack all summer,
•and they will - all be' back—that
those worth having, back—beforethe
nominating Convention, whenever
that may be. I always thought that
the results which brought in a Demo
cratic Muse would_ prove transient.
I believe I told you so." Being as
sured in the affirmative, he continued: -
".NoW you sec that I was right.. I
tell you the Democrats will have to.
improve a great l deal befove the peo
ple Will trust them with the Govern-.
ment. Now bear that in mind when
you get the results of the elections
just a year from-nolv. 'A year is not
very long.". Here . the Vice Presi
dent halted in this speech; he seemed
to be lost in mulitation. Ills eves
rested calmly. upon the glowing -cm
bersiOf the grate before:him., Ills
face ;wore anexpression of anxiety.
After a moment he recalled himself,
and raising his head and turning re;
marked:—"l only-thinking; a
thought struck me; 4 year does not
seem- long, do:es-it? In some people's
lives it is very long; it seems eterni
ty; perhaps that.may: bc my expor 7
ience; but I feCl 'well ' - enough now.
Rut remember what I have told you
There is one thing; the .people • will
never put a Democrat in the - .Presi=
dential office if he ever - had in any
way any conneetion with the rebell
ion. The: Northern Democrats were
worse than Senthern."
Zulu:icon Connivanse of Democrat
ic officials the notorious TW.E . ED has
escaped from prison', and, will now
probably enjoy his ilkgotten gains in
foreign land. &tells the "reform"
promised .by the Dera'oeraey. • '3
13017 . 4idertizemcnts.
B A4 G A. N S N STOVES
TINWARE,
HARDwAnq
IRON AND PAINS,
CARPENTER'S TOOL S
GLASS,
I=3
kC', &C., istc.
Old EN TO A-1.1. PURCHASERS FOB CASH,
U. T. JUNE'S
lI.ARDNy A.Ol •STORE
-
. T9WAND4, PA.
de( 1742: • .
11121
TAYLOR it CO
BEAUTIFUI
ASSORTMENT"
El
HOLIDAY -Gr.OORS;
AT
TAYLOR & CO'S
II
THIS WEEK'
Towanda, Dec. 9, 15
Eent 8 Blis3;
NEW PRICES;
KB\T. S BLISS'
M
MM
FANCY DRESS, GOODS;
of all kitpls, frein cheapest to best
Tile best line of
BLACK GOODS
In tha market, embracing oar favorite bran
•
BLACK ALPACAS, 3IOIIAIIIS, AND ID
LIANTINF.S; at ::-..• tq
BLACK CASHMERES atso ti,:
DI,ACK SILKS at sl ' ( v t 9..
TA3IISE. 'HENRIETTA CLOTHS, tilt} .
ZINES, CREPE CLOTIIS, &e., &C. ;
Wo feel cOrtain that an eimotriltion of ou.
*BLACK GOODS STOCK,
Will convince yen that we are justiEed In
Sur ourselves the cheapest and i.est line
BLACK GOODS
In town
FANCY . OOOILS,
In.great. variety with nxany jot anti hingalit
TR.LAIMINOS,
•
Of all Kinds. incluillog and lyerated
an Yak Laces, Sr..'
DOMESTIC GOODS,
W. 3 hare redur'cd Mown 11..3111.4 ft. le I 10'2
a yard. Bleached MuAles frvni 1. - tv 7 cents 3
' S3' KENT &BLIES,
Towanda. Nov. :Z. 2875.
D
M
Mil
II
El