TERNS OF PUBLICATION , Tui BiLariTtarD /WON= Is published every Thursday Earning by 8. W. ALTO= KTwo Dollars i'reralutrun to advance. ,I • Nr - adyertising la csetis excluslre Of imbirrli .ion to the paper. SPEOLLIALI OTRIE9 Inserted It irmatir tarn pu tloe tor Ant Insertion. and Era ems per Ike for -lubiament insertions. LOCAL NOTICES, same style u reading natter. 3-wrrrr imam s line. - . 3 ADVERTISEMENTS will truserl according to t 7ef °Rowing table Orates : Iwltwl2ail3l 6 =l l 7r. Ttr.ch I SLSO I S.OO I, 6.00 I ILOO 110.00 I j 1111, Inrbeis 1 200_x._6.00 . BIN) I 10.00 116.00 90.1 2.50 1 I lO.OOl 13.00 120.00 1110.1 UM rinclles I 3.00 . 8.60 114.00118.25 I 28.00015.00 ;ccTltnti 1 15.00 j 12.00 118.00 122.00 1 80.00148.00 calnnin 1 - 10,00 I 20,00 89.00 I 441.00 65.00 f T 540 A in:alai:nines iniStrecritor's Mottoes. $2 ; Andt. ; Iris Notices, $2 $0 ; Business Cards. dye lined. (per y $5, additionie lines $1 each. Snarly a ivertieerniare entitled to quarterly changes. Tisnetent advertiseremits mast be paid forts admire. Resolutions of Lsaeciatione.l.....communicationt o f limited or individual interestOtal notices of filar. Qes and Deaths. exceeding flreGues, are oliariPid r ov.Yro Der Sim. 308 PRINTING of every kind, in Min and Vinci% o' ors, done with neatness and dispatch. Handbills, fe.2om, Cords, Pamphlets,-Billhaids, Statements. kn. of every variety and style, printed at the shortest vtice. The 11xporrsa Office is well supplied, with wer Proms, • good sesortinent of new typo. and Ererything in the Printing line can be executed in e most artistic manner and_ at the • !Met rates. T.ERMS &MABRY CASH. •fta BUSENEM C=3. - rOIECR DUNFEE, BLACKSMITH, SIONIIOETON, PA., rars part:lca:llß attention to Toning Inirgtes, Wagons, filegtua, kc. Tire sea and jepatring done on short notice. Work and - ntunges guaranteed satistactory. 12.15,89. A MOS TES:M/CBER, HAS Ll_ again established himself in the TAILORDIG -csmrss. Shop over Rockwell's Store. Work of : Tory description done In the latest styles. Towanda, 'April 21, 1870.11 C . S.-RUSSEIAL'S RAL IsT S (I.R A 1V G E NiC Y , .: , :ty23'704-tt • • • .tt _ r • 74 _za -4 N H• ' l l esfaS t."l TtiL'l ITti I •DEIISIGNED TEct Alp.) DEILDEIt, wishes to inform the Cll i 7013.9 of Towanda and vicinity, that he will give particular attention to 'drawing plans. designs and -tytcifications for all manner of buildings, private ripen fendence given tfor reasonable -unpensation, Ogfiee at resigenco N. E. corner of. '•:ccond and Elizabeth streets.; 0,t5'71 WTi. RDlGSBtrjar,, • " SEAL ESTATE, LIFE, Flit E. k. ACCI.D-MiT INSURANCE A-GENCY ,- Office, earner of Main anil State Street 7, Miceli 13:1872 'iSASH,DOORS, AND BLINDS - •lAin prepared to furnish Xiln-dried Doors, Sash zed Blinds of anp style, size, or thickness, pn short , ti; e. Hind in your orders tenydlys before yon a",ani to nee the.apticles, and be sw that you wilt qet doors the,. Will not shrink or well. Terms casb t•aanda, Jrity 19, I il7l. i Gro. P ASH. DAYTON --BROTHER, DeMersin s- • WOOL, HIDES, PELTS, CALF- sKos;-ruEs, mac.. • —F.3r the higb.est cash price Is paid at el nines Ire in Mr. E. IloserdieLl's Store, Main-st., - • DATTON, J. x. DArros. TOWANDA PA NEW FIR3U,' 4019DS;1 4 0'1V PRICES! maszorroN, rA TRACY & HOLLON, Dealers in Groceries and Provisions;'Drugs szl. Medicines, Kerosene Gil, Lamps, Chlmi,ya, Ahad , .... Dye Stras, Paints; Oils, Varnish, Tante.' P.lnas, Tobacco, Cigars and Bnnfi. Pure Wines Ind of the best quality, for medicinal pnrp"ses only. All Goods sold at the very lowest priors..°! . e. , - .7 ., L.•rlpti , ms carefully compounded.at all hours of the I.y at night. Give us? call. TRACY'k HOLLON. Monroeton, Pa., J:z.v!.2.1, BAKER! CONFECTIONERY !! G 11 0.0 E R I, E S ! Tho undervigned.i)egs leave to return thanks to the people of Towanda and vicinity for tho Very g , tierous patronage cztetreled to him during the past Lesson, and at the same time to give notice that he has added ta_his business a stock of BEST FAMILY GROCERIES Which he is prepared to - offer '• AT THE LOWEST PTIICES. . Hew stir. cnntiune ',the taking lingiiiess in all 't , branchnji, ani pan ftirnith anything in thislin'e clioylket rtr , tice, and: GtARINTEE !SATISFACTION •.. .I.tas alEa fitted np a DINING ROOM, Whet, Lc will at all limps be ready to foritiAr Meals .it tare/ lower ,:ates..2l:an venal. I , .lr'ri^r ,, 'art.l others rislting are trt.r.te:i to with Ice Croaur,CAles, Fruit, ui,Clafe, , itiouerli at sh:T.t peter, ' lieinenLier the ',lace, nearly up; ,:sae the' :Means Sept.ll,'74 H - ORACE A. COWLES. , TO OUR PATRONS GE - .0. H. WO-OD PHOTOGRAPHERS, TOWANDA, PA tl:itmful for the generoue patrouagc of the I.2;tyear;-wou.l.,Liagorm all wanting Pictures ti.at w' are still adding-to our establishment NEW AND,IMPROVEp issrlii.:3ll2sT;S. And. adopting, tried and approyed rnoiles of ; , tinting and retouching in ordc;r to secure FINER PHOTO', RNP EIS TR REERTOFORE mad sot, of the cities,-!And that me make gay to enlarge all - kinds of Pictures to ' .. • dosired, and finish in Water Colo7s. • !'. ..4 Ink. or in Oil, In the BEST STILES AND VERT:LOW' PRICES. Wo also endeavor to take all the time possl in tasking vhildrens pictures, go as to Be. • cure tha best results. i - We are constantly adding to our stock of FRAMES All n.:x• patterns rnd• tasteful styles, and fur; ni.kh them at a small miracles from cost prices. ]lay 14,1873._ TO.;-TIIE CITIZENS OF PENN- L attention is specially in , ,t , 1 . t0 tho fai-t that the National Banks are now prepared t 6 1N.C.9,115' subscriptions to the Capital , Ltei.Z of the Centennial Board of Finance, The !nods realized from this scource aro to be employed ;n the erection of the buildings for the International Colubitier., and the expenses connected with the .t s confidently believed that the Keystone ,fate will be represented by the name of °Very citi en alive to patriotic commemoration - of the one unircilth birth-day of the ;cation. The shares of Clock are offered for. Sid each. and subscribers will r—reive a handsomely. steel engraved Certificate of Stock, suitable for framing and preservation u s national memorial; Interest at - the rate of air par cent per annum will Le pail on all payments, of Centennial Stock from Iv, of payroent to January 1, 1876., ' slbscriiyers, who are not near a National Bank a check or robe -office order to the under- RUDE.. FRALEY, Tiearnrer,-, 904 Walnut $l.; Phil's Sr; t 1 '7l TOWANDA NUR S ERY. L^ andiragned plarehaged the NCRSZSY ON TOWANDA FLATS, ction to his :arge stock of • IT:O.IT AND D#NAKENTAL"I'REEI3 which he 4noar prepared to ' . tr. - T:TVE.T: ON MD r REASONARE TERMS., , • ~. 1 p• -r i , n or by . .. 9 m *ll priptly attended to I= itt NM SMITH k MONThNYE, ATTO =Ts sy Lew. a Once -- soft er of Main and Pine Streets, opposite Porter's Drug Ettore. TAR. T. B. YOHNSOIi, Psysicus Arm Susasos. Mice over Dr. itti. Portii Son & Co.'s Drug Store. FG. MORROW; Pummel Aza• . ffortazoir, offers his professional services to the citizens of Warren andvicinity. Residence first honse north of J. F. Cooper's Store, Warren Contr . % Pa/ apllBl2.ly DR.P. M. STANLEY, DEmErr, inseeessor to Dr. Weston. 'Office to Patton's Block. up stairs, Main Street, Toirsada, Pa. Ail kinds of plate work a specialty. .Tan.ls'73 R. S.M. WOODBURV, Physician and ,Surgeon. Office over Wickham * Black's Crockery store. Towanda. May 1,1872.-1 y . ' VOYLE & Nit:PHERSON, Arros- N;711.1T-LAW. Tounda, Pa., Will gieeprompt attention to all matters entrusted to their charge. Orphans' Court business $ specialty. _ R. TOYLT... , 1. WM:WM TONVANbti„PA B. MoKEAN, ATTORNEY li AND 00131TEMLOtt LT Lor,Towands,Pa. Par ticular attention paid to business in the Orphans' - TS. HW. • PATRICK, Arronm-ier Lew. Ofire. Iferenee IthOck, next - door to the Expreri Office Tow/rids, pr.• Jn1y17:1873. • ' ki °, IVH. CA.RNOCHAN, ATTOR . gar AT LAW (District Attorfor Brad ford Count). TroY. Pa. Collectimistiade and prompt -17 remitted. - feb 26, '69--tf. ivvr B. KELLY, DENTisT.—Office • B. Wickham k• Black's, Towanda. Pa. Teeth inserted' on Gold, Silver, Rubber, and Alum ninm bass. Teeth extracted without pain. 0c23,72 AttILL & CALIFF, ATiouvirts ax-Law,, Towanda, Pa. H. It , manna, • 1. N. CALIF? 111 Office in Wood's Block, first doo tgiational Bank, up stairs.. CAPERTON & ELSBREE, Arroit v =es ►: SLAW, Towanda, Pa., having -entered into copartnership, offer their prorgestonalber►ices to the public. Special attention Riven:An bnalness In the Orphan's and Regiaterl Court, spll4'7o E. ornurox, 'N. C. ILLESEJEE. JOHN M:rN, S. E. FLE".IIIIING, Eqx.,511, Towanda, P Special attention given fceieMlS eg,sinst- insur ance Companies. Olßce, ride of Public rrrn IVE.R. DI L. DODSON, - OPERATIVE MID 'MECHANICAL DENTIST, North Hatne.st.. opposite Episcopal Church, Towanda..Pa. All den. tal operationa a apeciality, "4 Jan 14. PECK ! &,- STREETER, LA W OFFICE, TOWANDA. Pe TOWANDA, PA • DR. J . ; .W. LYMAN, riTISICIMI AND SURGEON. . , " • Mee oulfaln Street.- formerly occupied by Dr Ladd. ReiMenne, corner Pine and Second streets. Towanda. Jnne 22, 1871. TC._ G4IDLEY,,:, A T T 011NEY-.A.T.i.A NV, April 1, 1873. Towanda, Pa DOCTOR 0. LEWIS, A..GRAIYU ate orate College of "Physicians and Surgeons," New York city, Class Isl S-4, gives exclusive attention to tho practice of his profenlen. Moe and realdence on the eastern slope of Orwell flu, adjoining Henri' Howe's. • jan 14,'G9. DR. D. D. '111.1113, Dentzst, has purchased_G. H. Wood's property, between 1 /Terri:Les Block and the Elwell House, Where he has located his office. Teeth extracted without pain by use of pas. Towanda, Oct. 20,1870.—yr. NOTARY PUBLIC! Office -.. ius ST., 1 . 0'.1"11:DA PA., with Noble & Yin cent. Insurance Agents. Acknowleilimen - is taltert;, . Oaths tAminißtered. The subscriber setit se cornqssioner In - :taking dep ositions of atitnes4es. General antics of the office promptly attenned •11r 9 VINCENT: Nov. 12'73. Notary Public. Etats,ls. DisiN-G- ROOMS Iti rloysEcTio:4; WITH THE LIA.X.EItf;, Near file Court House. We arc prepirest to feed the hungry at all Hines cd the day and evening. Oysters and 'lce Cream in their seasons. March 30. 1870. - ! D. W. SCOTT & CO. ELWELL HOUSE, TOtANDA, • JOHN C. WILSON • : Having leased this - House, , is now ready to acconimo elate the travelling patio: No pains . nor expense will be spared.toji.'e satisfaction to those who may give him a call. .., ~ ail-North s!de of the public square, east of Mer men new block. IPIP IMENTERFTET . CREEK HO -AA) TER. PETER LANDIfESSER, Having purchased and thoroughly ratted this - old and well-kubwn stand.,formerly kept by sEheriff Grit -04, at the month of Rummerfleld Creek, is ready to give good accommodations and satisfactory treatment to all who may favor him with a call. Doc. 23, Btiti--tf. WANS HOUSE, TOWANDA, The -Horses, Harness. 1. - . e. of a 4 guest's of this house, insured a,Tainst-lossbj . Pire4wi th out any ex tra charge. , A suptrior rihslity of 011 Euglish).ll.sts Ale, just remixed- T. R. VORDAN, Towanda. Jan. 24.'71. Proprietor. WARD .110U-SE, This pctniar `house, recently leased by Messrs. EoOlf k Mitazts, and havieg been completely refitted, remodeled, and.refctrnished, affords to the public all the comforts and modern conveniences of a first class R 4 otel. Situate opposite the Park on Main Street, it is eminently convenient for persons visit ing Towanda, either for pleasure or business. • c ,sepll'7l - KOON k MEANS. Proprietors. . ATA.NS.T.ON -HOUSE; LE.RAISTILLE, PA. W. W. BROWNLNG, Pnnintrron. This Rouse is conductod strictly Tenajoeranne Prbaciple.s . Every effort will be_ made - to make guests comfortable. GoOd rooms and the table will always be supplied with the beef the market aft fords. • Nov. 1.1871. BETHLEHEM, PA. " OLD _IIORAVIAN SUN INN,' Rich in hlsiorical interest, it is the only building in the contitg except Independence Hall, honored by the sojou within its walls'of Washington, Laray. efts, Lee. Gates and other patriots of the revolu tion.- This popular hotel has recently- changed hands, been improved. entirely refurnished, and the proprietor cordially invites his friends and tear fling public to give him a call—no pains will be spared to render their • stay comfortable. „People en routOfor!Philadelplida will find it convenient to spend the night here, reaching the city about eight in the morning. A sample room on first floorfor socenoroodation of commercial agents. (,Bepte. lea ; — CHARLES F. DAYTONN, sccoessor to Humphrey Broa., • • ' HA-.RNEs.s MAKER, , Orer s lfoodyi Store. Keeps on land a full assortment of DOUBLE and gaGLE ILLBREss, and all other gOods in his line Repairing and manufacturing tone4o order. Tri•-zands, August 23. TS:7I. _ S :EWA SAW MILL, SHINGLE . 1- ,AND CIDER MILL, k. H 7 Mill is now in 'good' order. end I as prepared to 4o all kinds of wort in mj line on short notice. LUILBE.U. sunk-Gus A nd LATH, -always on hand; .- I alio otter ;or tale a 2 llorse.l!ower FaskJae and eimol. 0. F: AYERS. - _ • intaalteefitte 414. Weitrti i[EFHC• PEET._ IMI I= W.:-AXAVQII.I3, VOLUME XXXIV. PROFESSIONAL CABD3. 'TAKES -- WOOD, krrinerrt u . a am LLW, TOwinds, Ps. LEM ATP, TO' - WANDA, PA IV: A. PECK. 11an.1.7741 H. STRELIT-11 COR. AND rrz. t TOW.I.LNDA, BRADFORD COUNTS, rgNI•A WILT 1759 121 AI through the forest, disarrayed • By chi ll Ncriember, .strayed; A lonely relistiel of the wood Wu idngtng to`the solitude; loud t* music, thus I said, When o'er thy perch the Wives were spread; Sweet was thY sang. but sweeter now Thj carol on the leafless bow. Sing. little'birdl thy note shall cheer • The sadneis of the dying year.' When violets pinked the turf with blew _ And morning tliied v their sapil with dew, , AY slender voice with rippling trill The building April bowers would All, " Nor pasS its Joyous tones sway • When April-ronnded into'Way; Thy Meehan hail no second dawn,-- aing,little bird! theipring is gone. ' I And I remember—well-aday' ! Thy full-blown roundelay, -. As when behind a broldered screen -- Some holy taidcn sings unseen; • 'With answering notes the wiwidland rung. • And every tree top found a tongue. How dsep the shade! the groves how fair! r Sing, little bird! the woods are bare. But now the ittinmer's chant la done And mute the choril antiphon: _ The birds have left the'shivering pines _ To flit among the trellised , vines, . • Or fan the air with scented plumes Among the love-sick oringe.blooins. And though art hero aloneslone.-, Ping, little bird! the rest. have flown. • 1 The snow has capped yon distant At morn the running brookmill 144 From Mir= herds the clouds that rise Are like the smoke of sacrifice. Ere long the !cozen sod shall mock The plowshare, changed to stubborn rock, The brawling streams shall soon DO dutiob,.— SWF, little bird! the frosts hare come. south. of Firs Jan. 13,774-11- Past, fast the lengthening shadows creep, The songlasa fowls are half asleep, The grows chill, the setting sun May leave thee tore thy tong i• dote, The pulse that warms thy bread grow cold, ' Thy secret dle with thee; untold; The lingering sunset still is bright,— Sing, little bird! 'twill soon.be night. - —4llaolf Jlonaly. _ - DeUrered by W. H. TaompsoN before Ora - Brad• ford County Teachers' Association, at itheshe- Feh.l3, 1874. 5 Education is the first and highest duty of Man. More: or less impress ed with this truth, we—the Teachers of Bradford, county have formed ; ourselves into an "Association," and 'meet from time to time to perfect our `owe intellectual discipline, and to in 'fuse into the publie mind.as much as we May our own zeal for a higher culture and. a more noble develop ment. We meet frequently. Fifteen years, have now elapsed since Onr'or ganization: During this tithe we have . confined ourselves exclusive ly t 8 the investigation and ditieission of this one great theme—Education;. and yet this house, crowded to-night with teachers and the friends of their cause, assures me that we have lost none of our interest in the work. Our enthusiasm for self-culture needs rather to be allayed than stimulated; our zeal as educators, and our efforts in pushing forward a more general diffusion of knowledge and a more universal development, of mind, is still intense and nnabated. These evening addresses are intended to direct our efforts, stimulate our en ergies; if,possible, fan our zeal to a whiter heat in this cause,"so vital to . ourselves and . society; and I should disappoint your just expectations, and - ignore my own preferences, were I to claim your attention on any less appropriate subject than the grand theme that calls us together. That the topic itself is old need not de= tract from its interest, for it opens up such a boundless field for thought that I trust to be able to ran my mental plow through comparatively new ground;, avoiding altogether the cultivated areas alongside the intel lectual turnpikes and highways over which wo have so frequently driven, and striking'out rather, though not I trust` without sufficient landmarks, over a footpath, as yet frequented but little, and then only by those whom society is pleased io call errat ic or fanatical—a lonelyiand difficult path as y et, it is true, but destined to be chan"ged in the future by its transformation into; an air-line, me cailernized highway, to a grandeur of civilization and a sublimity of human devopment that shall eclipse the past and the 'present, as the sun out shines the faintest star. The nation of the present in some respects inde.ed,,already . a wonder. Look ing at man's progress in, materialitids . © are often astounded. The rail rad, the - ocean steamer and the tel-• egraph, are fruitful themes of a just exultation' But on the other hand, when we come to canvass the whole field, inquiring into man's, wants, his miseries, misfortunes and aspirations, wel cannot avoid the conclusion that man must still climb much higher in his - ability to command the means to ensure social and individual happi ness, before the just ends of our ei istence shall have been attained. In yeiitigation most be pushed still fur ther into the unknown, human pas sions must beimore .sabject to rep lation'and, control, the moral senti ments must attain a truer culture, the intellect must assert more iMper atively 'and grasp: more tightly' the reins of paramonnt authority; over the actions and beliefs of the individ 'nal before civilization shall reach its acme, and man realize the fall end of-hie being. The teacher exercising the higher functions of his office is the true 'instrument for the accom plishment of these ends. He is no thing but a pedagogue if he never tests the strength c)f his piuions be yond the prescribed routine of - the school room. If he i s a true ,educa tor, he has the - independence, the strength of flight -and the aspirations of the eagle. He should be bold enough 'to trample castor:as, forms, rites and creeds, if -need be, in his in vestigation _ of ruth, strong of will enough to face and. defy all :the, envy, malice; prejudice and en perstition of a score of such planets as' ours, and high of purpose enough to, soar above:the highest clouds and gaze upon- the sun. Before acting, however, it is necessary to have a laudable end and well defined pur pose in view, and the teacher may properly inquire what elements of education are now most important for the further progress and higher civilization of man. T. BIEITH, Proprietor ituttat Potty. AN OLD 111/11 DONG. e attilanumg. ADDRESS, _~. First and Most imilortant of 'all, man needs to' study, learn, "knots himself !" .How he is constituted 1 What are his powers and adapta tions I What is his true interest— his highest good! Well saith the hea then motto, "know thyself," and the poet—" the proper study of mankind Is Man." Consider man with refer ence to his constitution, and we find him the most complicated and myste rious of the Creator's works.l He possesses all the essentials of the in aniniate and material added to an emotional and intellectual nature, that identifies him at the same time with the animal - and the spiritual Combining matter and spirit,. pas sion and purity, animal instincts and divine inspirations, mortality and immortality, to know himself and to fulfill the true ends of his existence, is the most difficult problem pre sented to his thus far unbounded ability, but a problem which nature commands him to solve. As a ma teriality, man does not differ from. the thousandl other- forms of matter by which he is surrounded. The re cepticle of the "Image of God "—the casket that,holds that noblest creat ed principle,rintellect—life—seul— can be reduced, to the simple elements of "dust," and yet it is the strongest, most durable, and: beautiful mechan ism of creation. What Jbeautiful symmetry in this form!' 'What har mony and adaptation between .his Members ! Whitt a sublime reciproci ty between all the elements of his nature. The body wants and - the mind supplies—the mind wants and the body supplies. Subject man to analysis and you find ft duality— body and spirit; return to synthesis, and you have . a perfect unity. The body dies and the spirit lives, yet for three score years and ten their pains are mutual and their joys vibrate in reciprocal harmony.• If we drop the body for a moment, and make a far -1 ther analysieof the-mind, we shall ','find here a still greater complication and mystery, and it isin this direc tion our chief study should be appli ed. Here itis that we find the dis tinguishing characteristic of man— the something added to the animal which elevates him above the brute. Here we find a trinity of adOtation' in a unity of and moral sentiment and intellect; distinct in their offices, ;and yet mutually de pendent and sympathetic, securing happiness to the individual by due and equal development and gratifi- Pation, but overwhelming the whole organism with disaster by abases and partial culture. When the pm sions are gratified no further than is required by the necessities of the body, when the moral seritlinents are stimulated no kirther than the natu ral aspirations , of the soul require, whet( the intellect exercises the true functioned its office as the supreme judge 'and dictator of Individual ac tion, then harmony prevails in the human organism and perfect bliss is the reward. But how to. secure to' each faculty arid power its just meas ure of culture, when to curb the one and stimulate the other, this is a problem- as yet but imperfectly-solv.- ed, and it is in this respect especially that man need s to study and know himself better. I venture' the asser tion, although perhaps it -will meet with condemnation from what are considered the highest quarters, that much of man's failure in securing happiness in the past, is owing to the fact that he sets the moral senti ments up asthe pilot of his actions, —his executive officers,—whereas the intellect alone is intended for the du ties of the position. Thus far in the history of civilization , all all philosotly that has materially affected human action, has been moulaed to conform to the religious idea. INo one theme has so monopolized human attention as theology. , A.ll princlples of human action are linctured,l l impregnated with, subordinated t o; the creeds, isms, and'dOgmas of religion.' Now 'so far from saying that this is.wrong, I exult that. the study of theology has receired that attention which is properly its ',due; but I quarrel with the arrogant, supercilious manner in which it treats the bter interests of man. I quarrel with is errors and ffi mistakes, its bigotry, its self-su- E ciency and its superstition. I don't condemn religion itself; because no education is complete 'without it; it is an essential element of true cul ture. Bat 1 many of our present forms of religio n are the products oft human reason, when man was in a semi-barbarous condition, and are consequently fall of errors, absurdi ties and crudeness; and no mistake is more flagrant and.pernicious than teaching man to follow the guide of blind instinct rather than intellect, or mere sentinients rather than reason. When we come to consider all — the evils directly resultant from this dogma that man should listen rather to the promptings of a' moral nature than , to the dictates of Ireason, one is almost - appalled. The moral senti ments are nothing more than higher forms of the passions, are as liable to err, and have as at a tendency to extravagance. Tti re is . such a thing as- venerntion. tis a moral sentiment; but man ould as soon venerate 4 toad ior a snake as the Deity, were it not fo the guiding hand of reason. In f ct, there are races of men who WOlB ip these very loathesome objects, b so deficient are they of intellect t at it is diffi cult to determine betty en the, capa city of the man and th j toad. There is such a thing as aco ionsness of subjection to Divine vernment, but without the directing nd of revela tion or reason, man falls to his knees and pays l 'obeisance to the sun and the moon,' the stars and the elements, with as Oat faith as the Christian to the cross. Nor is the misdireo timid man with reference toreli,gion itself, the'nnly evil of this ponderous philosophical bhmdef. Taught from childhoo4l, to believe that the human constitution is inherently weak in itself a •that it is as 'none to evil as the sparks are to fly upward; that the DracOnian principle of law is tut wise in ci il. policy, but true as ap plied to morals; 'that the attainment of perfect! happiness depends hot so lunch on 'obedience to organic law as npon a miraculous interposition of Divine power; a spirit . of neglect and i procrastiUation is infused' into the sir:. -_ :..~- ,. ~`2i;,r~;•l~a'*r~. :?~7n<?asa?tis--;S~ =lll =MUM" 01 TOWANDAi BRADFORD COUNTY, FA. , , MARCH 26,1874: '; whole being. Obedience to law bn comes a matter of little'consequence, when all the evils resulting *op the indulgence of the passions and diso bedience of law, can be 'who'd out in the "twinkling of an eye" by an ever ready miraculous power, merely by asking. It is not strange that youth should spend their early dayi in riot and dissipation, continuing it - often into age, when they are taught that however rigid the law there is a way to evade its consequences. Here, then, man needs to study and under stand himself better. It is his duty to investigate all the phenomena of his constitution, and to conduct his life in ' harmony with the evident laws of his organism. In this work his intellect is his only sure and ,un erring guide. I say unerring, be cause God never created anything with inherent imperfebtions. It is adeqnate to all the ends for which it was designed. Again I venture to assert that the human constitution is governed and controlled by certain fixed and im mutable laws. That obedience to these laws invariably secures happi ness, and disobedience misery. These laws-never change on any pretext, or for any cause whatsoever. ,Being from God, they are .the impress of His own unchangeable nature.' 'Our physical, moral, and spiritual health depend, upon our observance of these laws. God never alters them to ac commodate any one, whatever the ex igency or supposed consideration. The man who is morally and spiritu ally developed, but who has neglect ed the physical laws, is not therefore absolved from the penalty resulting from his carelessness. As The rain descends upon the just and the un just, and the same sun shines upon the , evil as upon the good, so every other law is executed with impartial ity. Man needs to know and under stand his Aihysical wants and the laws that govern them; he needs to know and understand his mental ne cesssities and the inexorable laws which regulate them. Above all things is this of importance to the teacher. His duty lies in laying the foundation stones not only directly of human education, but indirectly of human prosperity and happiness. The mere culture and development of the mind is not his only charge. It is his businesit rather to mold child hood into perfect manhood and wo manhood. It is hie duty, therefore, to look after their physical and mor al as well as their, , intellectual weld fare. In these respects our methods! of education and our habits of disci pline are sadly erroneous and defi cient. Instead of commencing at the foundation—the human constitution —the laws of health and happiness— we begin by cramming into the young mind the laws. of business and the means of acquiring wealth. We utterly and entirely ignore the fact that a sound constitution and good ,health are absolutely indispensible to success anywhere, and push on blind ly in developing the mind, when the very efforts we put forth in 'the= cul ture of 'the intellect are sapping the • undations of vitality. I insist that children should be drilled on the laws of health; that they should be taught how inexorable are the laws of nature with reference to the vigor of the body and mind; that the fact should at least be mentioned to them' that we live and enjoy life according to law, and not by mere chance and caprice. I insist that the elements of physiology, and mental and moral science,"should be taught in- our schoolsby empetent teachers; that our school rooms should be con structed with a view to= health, and not with the purpose of breeding flip eit,:e and converting homes into hos pitals; that, far example, either at home M. at school, children be in formed' that although Water may have many ordinary ages, that it may be used as ,a drink, or to turn, saw-mills and float steamboats, it has also an extraordinary use: that it can ,be used, and it is sometimes advisa ble to use it, as a bath. I insist that the grand principles 'of morality, as deduced from the phenomena of mind, be instilled into, ground into, the -young constitution, until they shall be as familiar as arithmetic, and as indelible as the , a, b, c's. No one can doubt the necessity of these measures of" further eelf-knowledge,' or their efficiency in accelerating the progress of man. Physical and mor al health is now the' great deficiency of our •civilization. In mechanical and scientific investigation, we have already attained to astounding heights. It remains for us, to meet, and vanquish disease, both physical and moral; and I repeat, the first es sential is a better, truer, more compre hensive knowledge of self. Let us re member that the' knowledge of out ward things applied.Ao our instruc thin, cannot' equal the wisdom ' ,that has its source in ciur own mind s., for —`•Almighty 'Madam has given Each man within himself an apte! light, To guide hie acts, than any light without him." Again, another element of education essential to unman progress and de velOpmen't, is the training of mind to greater independence of thought. The civilization of the pait and pres ent has too great a tendency to con fine all intellectual effort to stereo typed forms and fixed channels. The principle of " association,!' with the view of effecting great political, reli- . gions, and social ends, is too promi nent. Indeed, it has become the worst enemy, to mankind. I, shall not attempt to deny that by the as sociation of .individuals in the prose cution of a mob, we 'aggregate pow er and secure for effort -its greatest efficiency; but until human nature is more highly and truly cultivated, I have serious doubts of the wisdom of oration, especially for social, political and religions purposes. Few societies have existed 'in the past, or exist in the present, without publish ing to the world and prescribing to their membership, some infallible creed, code of principles, or test of loyalty. These dognlyilre the con ceptious of a single mind, or the re sult of the mutual coneessiolis of many. In all cases, however, • a few strong, original Minds do the think ing, and the , masses blindly follow. Occasionally, it is . true, an independ ! ent thinker comes up from tbe mil lion, but unless his ideas uniform to MII MU LIT QUM& • the dicta of th organization b e ie n • ' unceremoniously "kicked out,": and socially ostracised.' The, object of the association is to reform other Men, not their ows membership, and as its Isuecesa depends ,entirely upon its power of cohesion, it m exacting, mandatory and tyrannical. Now this is nothing More nor less than claim ing the F•tiwer of infallthllity, and ex erting the prerogative to the extent Of human ability. _How terrible have been the results to humanity,' the history of ciiilizatiori abundantly proves. It hair been the °bath:iota, inflexible,' tyrannical foe of progress, since the bigoted Jew crucified Christ to the crusade of the Evangelical Al liance arinst science and the Unin vited C urchin. True religiose re form has taken no step in advance but in the teeth,of bristling steel; the Martyr's stake, and penal laws--the defensive weapons of existing'reli gious orders.. Civil Liberty, at every stage of its progress; has been Com pelled to,- meet and overcome the. marshalled array of existing political power. Social reform has been com passed only by a triumph over eetab lished institutionit, after enduring ridicule - invective, and opprobrium. Bat this is not all, or the worst.'' In tellectual effort, mental progrees in every department of ethical philoso phy,-hits been hampered, trammelled, circumscribi4 smothered. No asso ciationl ever 'conceived an original idea;—eacieties organize to secure theiritunphs of preconceived dogmas, which are in themselves regarded as -the " ultimate desiderata of effort. Hence, the tendency is to narrow; dwarf, emasculate the progressive principle of the mind. There ,is no progress in education, there is no advancement. in learning, there can be no onward tendency in mental de velopment, without independent, or iginal thought; and the acceptation of fixed beliefs, of stereotyped creeds, of an "Ipsf dixit," confines study to known principles , and investigation to established facts. But-thanks to that principle in man, almost sublime in its aroused consciousness of liber ty; no combination 'of narrowrinind ed mortals has 'been able to bar the road to progress, or shut the gate to human elevation. Humanity never had a need, that brave men were not ready to sacrifice friendship, associ ates, success in life, all that they held near and dear—aye; life itself,---to secure and establish.' -What we need is, that co urageous, e independent, self-relying thought should be, en couraged; that the masses shoWd be taught to think for themselves, shod re ly on themselves, to, stake theirisne eggs - in life, - their character, their hopes of futurity, on their own in herent individuality. The maniwito ransacks libraries for information, and attends the schools ; may be it man of knovejedge; but the, thinker only is a man of power. What we learn from others is too easily at tained; it sucks vitality out of exer tion, and narrows mind. 1 Teachers and b4ks at best are but helps; in divid greatness depends not in cramming, and then blindly follow ing Ate arbitrary rules 9f other men, but by testing the truth .'of externals by their-harmony with the inherent dictw-of one's own intellect. "The spring cannot rise above the foun- . tain, the servile imitator cannot ex cel the'object ,of his imitation; the man, who blindly follows must be a' tool to the man who leads. Segond hand thought has no stimulating, vi talizing power. It is only hei, who dares to be original, who dares to differ, who dares to lay claims to the undisputed control of mind over it self,i who sets- the , human heart in a sympathic blaze, rekindles the slum bering embers of half extinguished mental fire,' and writes his nam e up on the annals of time, as a benefae- , for to the Mee. True,: to be an ,inde pendent thinker, requires courage. You tnustinOt only defy the world, but fight it; suffer the derision pf 'the unthinking multitude, and the anath emas of creed-mongers, before you can hope to electrify and elevate. But let it he remembered that to be a man, a type man, is -to be the no blest work I - of -God;" and what ele ment of himanity is there so' enti tled to veneration and honor, is that which leads the man to deny Himself the pleasures of the world and the transient good opinion of his fellows, for the sake of teaching the right and the truth is his conscience dictates. That man only is the noblest work of God, who dares to advocate wt he believes to be for the intnrest his race regardless °Lids nssocia tiona; his party, his church, $r even of his friends. Ile alone defends truth because he loves it. He alone, can be,safely-ttusted with the rights and liberties eMan. He 'shine can excite others to effort, arouse ienthri eiasm in the dormant, divert the wandering from error, - puh civiliza tion to higher attainments, and safe ly wield the sceptre of power Cold knowledge, like cold meats, II is not only difficult of digestion, but re quires ' the seasoning influence of condiments. Independent thoughts, original ideas, come forth red-hcit, set the ,mind afire, and bur n i their marks indellibly in the memory and efforts of men. Ent agaiu : Still, anothqt object of education is a higher =dr, nobler conception off the duties and , ends of life, and a reforrpation in our formil and habits of c ul ture to correspond with our changed views. Epieunis, the last of the ancient materialistic philosophers,who was born 04 years before Christ, declared this senti• ment to be the essence of hips philos ophy:. " Present happiness the true end of our. existence." NoW, altho" the civilized world to-day in the main discirds the materialistic idea and extends the period of human happi mini to an unending: eternity after death' by their philosophyjstill, in the practice of our lives we Virtually embrace the worst features Of mate rialu3in, bartering happiness, both 'Present and future, •in 0 greedy struggle after money. As we live now this is the virtual end of life— riches;' and he'who can secure -the most gold and escape the Ipeniten tiag or the halter is regarded asun derstanding life's duties best. We thus, merely for the sake ef glitter and pomp elevate one pa*t of the world above the realization of true < J 1 L r Happiness, and plunge t he remainder into privation, misery, 'want, the &e -1 mal awanp of endless toil and snffer ing, where bliss, never enters and happitiess is unknown. We '' believe this to be wrong. We insist that money, so far froth being the tree _ end oflife,' is the very lowest and meanest, 'object of effort. The man who is so engaged in the mad,rtrug gle for pelt that be has ~ no time to atop and taste the fragrant honey with Which• all the other relation•l r ships of existence are surfeited, is mere object of pity—he's a fool. Ep4 ionnius was right. Life is intended to- be happy! Watery, distress and suffering, are not the necessary ele : l t manta of life. They are but the in 4 tridents of error, the consequences of - violated law. True, the violation of lawis so common and - universal that the superficial observer may be parl doned for dedaring-that 0 Man Ina nude to rociarn," bat to the careful student of nature inch 'an idea ,is revolting. Others may ; but the student never , can be Here that a God of " Goodness " cre 4 , ated anything to suffer pain , and en; date misery as it ' s natural state o existence. He is wiser. By studying the human constitution he finds the capacity to suffer inherent, but he concedes tha't pain has a beneficent end, that it is the monitor ever ad; =lashing us to.; " Shun the evil and, cleave to that which is right." lean was created with the susceptibility; Of enjoying unalloyed bliss.: He 7 miserable only because he is disob client. As it is the true end of life to securelappiness, so is it the just object 'of education to train' youth toy a knoivledge of thelaws necessarito secure the legitimate ends of exis4 tence ; and as true' happiness can be attained only by the just- gratifica; tion and development of all the powi era, faculties and aspirations of the Inman organism, it is &he ; proper business of culture to adareis itself to the training of the whole beingl Education has to do with the culti; ration of living intergers. ' men it stoops to the development of a frae lion—a mere atom of tbemental or ; ganization—it is an inanimated form of imbicility; it is dangerous,—it fails. And yet this is too the case with our forms and habits of eulture to-day. They have no seope. - In,'- stead of a proper and just control of the passions; instead of cultivating all the powers and faculties of t 143 mind; instead of satisfying the - pirations of our higher nature, we devote oar whole energy to the de velopment of a single faculty. In. stead of teaching ,youth to think fOr themselves on all subjects, we make them mere machines for special ob jects. Instead of giving them ad thentic power we wind them up like a top and start them on a pivot. Is it a wonder that so many should im itate the motions of the top—cora mence with • meteoric velociti and gradnally decline tato a waggle ? We educate too pinch for specialities. For the sake of money we neglect the cultivation of manhood and lew er ourselves to the level of unthink ing machines. The trades, the prß fessions, all callings, 'testify to this lamentable fact, that excellence. a speciality, with a view to the acqiii sition of wealth, is the ultiniate as piration- of ( ,culture. Take for i n our Own profession, and hew many teachers there are utterly in oapaeitatid.for any other meet:old business. The educafor too often is a mere ninny outside of the school room. Narrow in mind, tyranicalin demeanor, bigoted in idea, pedantic in manners; he may be a resorvoir ;of knowledge, but he seldom is any thing more than a formalist in opin ion, a mere Poll-Parot,--shallow, nervous, conceitcd,—the exact type of " Dominic, Simpson," Scott's cele brated character. , Nor is it different with the other professions. The typical lawyer of the \ period is one of the , most thread bare, meagre, mental developments imaginable. Aside from the routine of his o ffi ce, he is too often a .simple ton and ignoramus. The fossil teach er is innocent and honest, but the fcissil lawyer is an inordinaie pereon ification of low canning:. Intellect ually he is a skeleton set up on ein tiquated legal stilts,—a eupercilions tie-up of red tape,—a Darwinian par adox. He may know the lex loci,— and when he gets to the Legisliture or to Congress the le,x latrocin;y-- but he seldom rises to a comprehen sion of the sublime harmony and symmetry of law; and the grandeur of his position as the interpreter; and giver of " rules of human action." In the clerical office matters .are but little better. The average minister 4s pedantry personified and bigotry armed cap a-pie with the offensive ' weapons—social proscription, excom munication, infallibility. Tiught from youth that "all things I are dross' but those preliminary to his own exalted calling, it is , well nigh impossible for him to grasp the force of a truth outside his.. profession. Learning his catechism at twenty, lieelapires to know nothing elle till death separates him from his labor= the most exalted calling of humanity, bat which his stereotyped litties have lowered to a trade. We held that these are grave errors in our habits and. methods 'of education. No man belonging to the liberal pro fessions should be acquainted only with the art and science of .hif own calling. 'Each truth in the universe is related to all other truth, and that man only is truly educated and, con sequently competent to be truly hap py whose scope of information is comprehensive enough to enable him to grasp and - appreciate this infinite relationship of pbenomenia. ;True, we need sufficient discipline in a particular calling 'to secure t* J ai com peten, but no men is justified in wasting a life time on a seffity - merely to amass milliOna.o use ful men of the past, the great minds, have, been those of whom it ha's been said they " know and can. de any thing." Their scope of knowledge has been broad, their fields of hives? tigation comprehensive, their sphere of thought boundless ; . hence, their' generalization bear the tests of ex perience and their synthetic grasp of truth is verified by its harmony with the wants and - interests of man. The tree student, the' true maxi of pro- ~. ~; L. _ . . t P r 111 great), only ; MOUttliti . the ernes:nit of mental work by his enduraneel; he sets no liMits' to ;his fields of I toil within the; just bounds of his , health and enjoyMent. Finally, we need to exercise greater lib erally of tiripight. . A man should not ',only be - an inde pendent thinker, al broad and pont prehensive thiner,l, but a fiber and considerate tbinke with refer nee to -the opinions . of others. 1 Nature his ei and rights r eated man with certain inalienable rights, chief among which is tub absolute independence of in tellect. Men are responsible to ;God for their Pinions and beliefs, nrid.to Him alone. Yet, strange to. say', ev ery page of history 'furnishes us 1 evi denee,ta violation of this lai, rjust as though God is pot capable of sa -1 tling his own accounts with the err ing, and the sinner, preitimptnous supercilious .1 an mai has Voluntnrily atisumed the dutyiiimself. Haing established a ereednnd test of lOyal ty, he,dmws his sword and burtliens every one who ratifies to - learn t his catechism land' swallow Ws dogmas. This is the history 1:1 the , past, Big otry has been the 1 worst of civiliza tion. AS ii axter well said, " the pages of historye stained with blood, WOO, bloo d", The bloOd of martyrs, 'Or, thanks to manhood an d indepedence, there are some .., en wbo have chosen death rather than • ~ Crook the tiregrutnt htnkes of the knee net thrift might follow fawning." I Since the dawn of ; C h ristianity—the ; purest andl loftiest 1 religion of time, 'and at' the direct : instigation. instigation of its chosen leaders and revered fathers— millions have paid the penalty of free thought with their lives. The Sublime- teacher said preach the gos pel of 'peace ; but his followers have too often traveled earth and sea with fire mid sword, washing their hands in. the. blood,. of _heretics, and gloat ing their unholy zeal over the ;tor ments of fr'errien. Even , in our own enlightenedday pers ecution has not ended. Devoted to social ostracism, supercilious - slande, to the indpend ent thinker, the Bei ntist, the philos opher:liand the h manita,rian, itG , is equally odi t ous an 4 bitter. ThiS ,is not as ,it should 1?e. Man has no right to trammel and fetter the opin ions, the beliefs anti the aspirations of - his feliovs. Demanding the rights of independence himself, he , should guarantee . oe same liberty- to every human bet g. Man has striven long enough " o bind with his strong chain to ea th that what is'ndt'eart les —the Mind." 1 - I cannot conclude these remarks,' fellow teachers,_without reiterating the assertion that in this work of , 'reformation and of progress our i du ties are iniportantand unmistakable. We have the charge of the .haman being in RC most important stagit.of development—phisically, intellectu ally, mortdly. ."Ithe influence Which the teacher has over health, morals and mind,i.ean neither be overesti mated nor too profoundly realized. Hence our duties I demand our j best efforts and our most- conscientious labor. Let us h-01 forget' that; the only meats of satisfying the law of our nature is by the attainment of r. • perfection': To this end let us labor for a higher 'and L nobler knowledge of self, a greater individuality ef ef fort, a broader itnowledge of, phe nomena, add of law; and above all. while we i istrive to; cultivati much "of 'that spirit whieti . is said -to elevate mortals to the skies, let us entertain none - of that tither spirit which would drag Angels down.: [ £3TO INS ABOUT ANIMALS, , — 1" -- A late umber of the Bulletin de is *Societe i oyal Protectrice des Ania- - maux, published L ! at Brussels, ,con tains some anecdotes illustrative of this inexplicable faculty of animals which are worth *oticing for the benefit of AmeriCau readers who are curious lit such matters. A dog was sent, as e present to a friend, a dis tance of ;twenty-Ave miles. He was conveye in a Closed basket in a covered carriage: 'On the night of his arrival at hislplace of destination the 'dog Icontiive i d to make his es cape, and before noon the ne tt day he had returned; to the point of de parture,l although the route traversed a.chain of stee d and rugged moun tains, Two Or three cattle disappeared one night from a, large herd that was beingdiiven from the mountains WI Wales tp the London market, and it was supposed they had been stolen. Five days afterwards the stray cattle! appeared at the place in the mottn-1 tains from which they had been driv-1 en, having traveled, in returning td, their first love; at least 150 miles.' The incident is not merely a - verifi-I cation pf Scripture, that the oxlmow-I eth his Owner as well is the 'ass hisi master's crib, hut it' hi a complete' refutation of the proverbial libel: against! the intelligence of that ,pa-i tient and useful animal. ' - 1 1 Crabii, it is . well known, are genet= ally taken to market alive, being conj fined in bOses4 in mass. The fisheri, men of! Falmouth, in, Englund, are accustomed to collect their cral4 jointly,f or at least to throw, them 'into, one miss for transportation to mar ket. They take care, however, Li r , t,c mark t e shells, by branding- them with a of iron in such a manner as that e h one may know rtt:e lot which elongato hint.';When thus marke , .they are - plami in boxes and cOnveyed 'to market in boate, - some tem miles from the rocky cleft's whence they are taken. :In one •ul-' statice;iwhen i boat load thus marked and Oicked lad reached FalmontA harbor! within , - a. mile or two, one Of the boies IVELE bibken and a consid erable I number of the; imprisione'l crabs made their vamp° sunultane T only and, aa it would seem, 'by a concerted urrangement. Plunging into the Water, the happy fugitives made their way hole to their natir crannies, where three ' days after wardaie fishermen found many a them, !recognizing them by the brand of slavery upon their becks. Th y had-traveled en miles at least up n their: {homeward journey. It .as necessary; in the first place, that they should find their way from the beat to the entrance of the harbor pf Fal mouth, from; whence they , (iira their Isteps to the rocks of Oar Lizaill. But i how they should hr Lizard ..n th L • 4 • • rtrt k hl r irefilf tlt iarzi-b) t the m' nght f- .the extraordinary - feet :How they got over the distance *Mt sep- arattii them from their rooky habi tats is'lees mysterious ; for they: were probably of the , species -called soldier," crabs, and accustomed, it may be, tollong marches. It is, not in the West Indiee,where f l ing abotutd, to find them upon for am expeditions six or , eight r aules from the shore. ' • ' • I The Most remarkable . imitance`of the invitations and unerring faculty by which animals, under ai l eon. LTvable circumitanceivare enabled -find ,their way home through i ;awe diatricts of country andiron' great distaneeS retrains to be related. The Archduke and Archduchess of Austria spent a portion of last winter at Menton, where, in "the; hotel in which they lodged, was a little black Epaniel of remarkable beauty and Fptivating ;" tricks and nianners."t he Archduchess became im much attached to him that upon 'her re turn to Vienna she persuaded the landlord to allow him to accompany her. The little spaniel was , soon in stalled in; the ducal'palace as &favor- its, and treateds.vdth every mark of 'hinderness and consideration that might lead him_ to -forget his old ' " home and assobiations. But the fas; cination of a residence at court bad no power i rover his better nature, One day he suddenly • disapperaed and every effort to discover his where abouts wwunavailinfs. ,Thge was consternation and grief at "iiirtennti ; but at Menton there waW;surpriss and joy. The faithful spaniel ap peared in;the course of 'a few days at his old home, covered with dust and fainting with fatigue. He bad founa - his way back through a country' wholly unknown to him, having trav eled a distance of -about fifteen bun:" dred miles. But the devotion of his ' Untraveled heart bad been manifest oat the cost of his life. The priva, tions and extraordinary exertions of lins journey had induced a disease Of the lungs from which in a few days he died. ®EE 1111 Ad*EinCe.. IMEI NUMBER 143, =I - ; OONSTITIITIOL f the Patrons of Husbandry • and the Nationa/ Grange.. I I PREAIiBLE. Human happiness is the acme of aarthlrambition. Individual happi= nese depends upon general prosper-- 4f The prosperity of a ,nation is in proportion to the value of its pro ductions.: ~The soil is the source from whence We derive all that constitutes wealth; - Without it we would have no. sgri eulture, no manufactures, no com- Merce. Of all the material gifts of the Creator, the various productions Of the vegetable world are of_the first impOrtance. The art- of agrictdtpre • is the parent and precursor of all sits, and ite products the foundation cif all wealth. ' - , The pro actions of the earth are subject ,to the influence of- natural laws, invariable and Indisputable; the amount produced will., conse quentlylr in proportion to the in felligenc of the producer, and sue-,,i cess will 'depend upon his knowledge 1 of the ac ion of these laws, and the Proper pplication of their prina- , pies. . Hence, knowledge is the founda iion of happiness. - 1 i Theultimate_ object of this organi• nation is,for to instruction and protection,_to lighten - labor by diffu3.: ing a knowledge :of its aims and par-.. poses, *and the mind by tracing' the bea tifu. laws the Great Creator has esta fished in the _Universe, and to enlarge tour views of Creative-ivis-. dom and pOwer. To.thoie who read sright,h . . istw proves that in all_sges society 1 fragmentary, and success- • ful resu is of general welfare can lie secured only- by general J effort. Unity o action cannot be 'acquired iyithout discipline r , and discipline cannot e enforced with signifiCant organization: hence we have a cere- Mony of initiation which binds ns in mutual fraternity as with a band of iron; b?t although its influence is so Powerful, its applicatisn is as- gentle es that' ,of the silken thread that, Minds a wreath' of flowers. ' . - The alrone of Hust:•andty consist f the f 'lowing: - • • , CiRGANIZATION: - Subordinak Granges. Degree: Laborer, (man,) (woman.) -- . ' • .' Id Degree: Cultivator, (man,) irdess, (woman.) ' ' - Degree : Harvester, (man,) r, (woman.) . - ' h Degree: Husbandman, .matron, (woman.) - State Grange. Fff Degree : . Pomona, .(Hope.,) posedCo of Masters of Subordi nate Granges and there wives who , are Matrons. Past Maste'rs and their wires who,are Matrons Shall be honorary members i and' eligible to , office but not entitled to voti ' . National ,Grange. First Maid, Seco Shephe (Glenne ' Fou (man,) ' Sixik Degree : , Flora - , (Charity.) Composed of Masters of State Granges antilheir Wives wo have taken! the degree ofil Pomont Past, ;Masters of State. Grp,ng s, and tneir'l wives who have taken said degree of Pomona, shall be i onorary' members and eligible to oi es, but not entitled to vote. Seneh Degree: Ceres, (1" Members of the, National who lave served Mie year may become members-of thi upon[ application •and elec . shall have charge of the sec of the Order, and shall be s impeachment of all. officer NatiCnal Grangc. • • Members of this degree al ary members of the Nationa and are eligible to office filo not ,cntitled to vote. Imo- CONSTITUTION. ARTLCI.3 L---Officer Sr;crtott 1. The officers of a Grange, either National;, State, or Subordi nate', consists of and rank as lollows:_ Oierseir, Lecturer; Steward, Assu3tant Steward, Chaplaib, Treas urer, Secretary, Gate-keeper, Ceres, Pomona,,Flora, and Lady lAssistimt Stallard It is their duty tb see that, the laws 'Attie Order are carried Out. Chosen. 4- In !the Subordinate Granges they ,ahalll be chosen annually; in the Stake Gran. es 011C0 in two years; 'andin' the Na tional. Grang e once in three yra. ' All elections to be by ballot: Vacancies by death or resign& 'on to tie filled at a special election si the next regular meeting thereof— offieera so chosen to serve until the annual meeting. - I ' ' Sp. 3. The Idaster•of the National Grange may appoint members 01 the Order as deputies tor onanize, Granges ichare no Stets EttatlN exhs • r Continua on Aural Page. Ape Ille =1 E=M sith.) Grange . therein s degree on. It , ret work court of ,s -of the e honor- Grange, rein, but,
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