ars, er attendance, the co-ope
vaticpulents and directors, Ike.
As a general thing directors Grill get
together and dedide on whist images
they will give , for such ant etch
schools, then will each for the tomb
er that Sill teach for the least we ea,
never saying anything about the Mid
of school thiykwant taught or need,
only the :they can get them for as
small wages as they can. Then the
teacher is to get to said district as
best they can, and beg (as a` half
stsrved child would for something to
eat) for some place to stay over Sun
day, after which they axe to find
where the school-house stands in
which they are to reignthe nextthree
months, with no one to ten them
what to do nor how. It mast be that
we are thought witivored tins of la
borers from the hand of Gott as no
other class but have Overseers or coun-
Welors. Once in the school-room
which is not always the pleasantest),
you must set yourself totwork to edu
cate the young of the district for
which von have been hired, with from
thirty to forty pair of eyes watching
your every movement. That is the
trying time. Yes, once get started
and there is no trouble, especially if
we get a right one; and then is the
time to get a right start. But with
as many different dispositions es faces,
it is often difficult to strike the right
chord, audit yon miss, what then?
Why, the patrons are down on you,
fr"om hearsay; for ,
. mind you, not one
of these people have entered your
workshop. Urge as hard as you may,
they always have aemethingAsise of
far more importance to occuiy .i their
time.. Neither do the directors come
to set us in the right path; so we are
text to g o on: If we get right again
we are all right; if not, woe to the
miserable unfortunate! Everyone is
busy in making them the worst of
teachers. Is it to be wondered at,
then, that so many follow it for a
:Tort time? for an inexperienced per
son is not apt to like such neglect.
Then add to this the style of board
ing around, where some of the pa
trons do not wish to board the teach
er. " It is no wonder, then, that our
would-be good teachers seek other
employment—for we all like help,
and ought to be helpers one of an
' other. No one can teach successfully
that does not make teaching a pro
fession, and a profession of as much
importance as, teaching shi;iild be
more perfect; for pupils might ar
rive at a much higher standard of
qualification in the time they are al
lowed to go to school, if it were not
for this lack of thoroughness on the
part of teachers. It therefore be
hooves us as teachers to first qualify
ourselves, and then enter the work
heartily, and see if we cannot hare
more successful teachers—yes, suc
cessful teachers; for a thoroUgh teach
er is a successful one. Then see if the
monotony of useless drills will not
change for more profitable ones—for
the young will notice the carelessness
' of a dull teacher as soon as older
ones. -
THE PRESHINTI MESSAGE:
lb the &hate and Heide
A year of peace Ana general, priii-•
perity to Wit nation luta passed since
the last assembling of Ccm&ress. We
have, through a kind Provi4en
been blessed with abundant' • .
and have been spared from ...comp •;,,
cations and tsar with foreign nations.
It is to be regretAn't however, that
a free aerator of 'the' ehsetivelrati- ,
chise has by . Niolenqa andend intim
idation,' been denied _ to citizens in
exceptional cases in 'several of the
lately in rebellion, and the
verdict of the 'people has thereby
been reversed. - -The States of liringin.
is, Texas and 3lississippi have been
restored to representation in our na
tional coun • 'Geer& s, the only
State now , withosit kepresentation,
may confidently be expected to take
her place them also at the beginning
of the new year,-and=then let us hope
will be completed the work of recon
struction. With. an `-*quiescence
on • the part of the people in
the national obligation to pay the
public debt createted as the price ofl
lour Union, and in the pensions to
onr disabled soldiers and senora;
and the wideWs and orphans, and in
the changes to the constitution,
which have been rendered necessary
by k great rebellion, there is no rea
son why we should not advance in
material prosperity and happiness'as
no other nation did, after so 'pro
tracted and devastating' a war.
Soon after the existing war broke
oat in Europe, the protection of the
United States minister in Paris was
invoked in favor of the North Ger
man domiciled in French territory.
Instructions were issued to grant the
protection. requested. This has been
followed by an extensiolief American
protection to citizens of Saxony,
Hesse and Saxe Coliarg, Gotha, Co
lumbia Portagal, Uruguay, the Dom
inican Republic, Ecuador, Chili, Par
aguay and Venezuela. In. Paris the
charge was an onerous one, requir
ing constant and severe labor as well
as the exercise of patience, prudence
and good judgment. It has been
performed to the entire Satisfaction
of the Government, and I am official
ly. informed equally so the govern-,
meat of North Germany.
As soon as I. learned that a Repub•
lie had 'been proclaimed at Paris,
and that the people of France had
acquiesced in the change, the minis
ter of the United States was directed
by telegraph to recognize it and to
tender my congratulations and those
of the people of the United States.
The re-establishmant in France of a
system of government disconnected
with the dynasTie .traditionie,of Eu
rope; appeared to be a proper subject
for the felicitation of Americans.
Should the present struggle result
in attaching the hearts of the Faench
to our simpler forms of representa
tive Government, it will be a subject
of still further satisfaction to our
people. While we make no effort to
impose our institutions upon the in
habitants of other countries, and
while we adhere to our traditional
neutrality in civil contests elsewhere,
we cannot be indifferent to the
spread of American political ideas in
a great and highly civilized country
like France. We were asked by the
new government to use our good
offices jointly with those of the Eu
ropean powers in the interests of
peace. Anitiver was made that the ,
established policy and the true inter
ests of the United States forbade
them to inthrfere in European 'ques
tions jointly with European powers.
I ascertained informally and unoffi
cially that the government of North
Germany was not then disposed to
listen to such representations from
any powers, Mid though earnestly
wishing to see the blessings of peace
restored to thelselligerents, with all
of whom the- United- States are on
terms of friendship, I declined after
that on the part of this Government
to take a step which could only re
sult in injury to onr true interests,
without advancing the object for'
which our intervention-was invoked.
Should the time come when the ac
tion of the United States can hasten
the return of peace by a single hour,
that action will be lidartily taken. I
deemed it prudent, in view of the
number of persons of German and
French birth living in the United
States, to soon after an official
notice of a state of war has been re
ceived from both belligerents, a proc
lamation enjoining the duties of the
United States, as a neutral power,
and the obligations of persons resid
ing within theNerritory to - observe
their laws and the laws of nations.
This prOclamation Yids followed by
others, as circumstances seemed to
call for them. The people thus ac
quainted in advance of their duties
and ohigations, have assisted in pre
venting violations of the neutrality of
the United Stateik - L-
It is not understood that the con
dition of the insurrection in Cuba
has materially changed since' the
close of the last session of Congress.
In an early stage of the contest the
authorities of Spain inalfgrmited sys
tems of arbitrary arrests, of close
confinements ; and of miliiary trials
end execution of persons suspected
hf complicity with the insurgents,
and of the summary embargo of
their properties and sequestration of
their revenue by executive warrant.
In the proceedings, so far as they
affected the persons and property of
citizens of the United States, were in
violation of the provisions 'of the
treaty of 1795 between the United
States and rebresentations of
injuries resulting to the several per
sons claiming to be -citizens - of the
United States by reason of such vio
lations, were made to the Spanish
government. From April, 1860, to
Jane last, the Spanish Minister at
Washington had beenclothed with a
limited power to aid iu redressing
such wrongs. That power was found
to be withdrawn, in view, as it was
said, of the favorable situation in
which the island of Cuba then was,
which, however, did not lead to
revocation or suspenalon of the ex
traordinary and 4bitrary functions
exercised by the executive power in .
Cuba, and we were obliged to make
our complaints at Madrid. In the
negotiations thus opened and still
pending 'there, the United States
bench in Cuba, and that as to the
past a joint tribunal should be estab
lished in the United States with full
jurisdiction over all such claims a
Before such an impartial tribunal
each claimant world be requirdd to
prove his case. On the other hand
Spain would be at libertyito traverse
every material fact and thus com
plete equity would be done. A case;
! which at one ; time• threatened serf
- ously to affect the relations _between.
! the United States and Spitin,lnui
-119. The coal miners at Scranton
and vicinity are ou a strike. ready 'been disposed of ia this
claim-of
.4; The claiof the CoL Loyd` Asp'
-
wall for the illegal seizure amideten=
; 840.G01d closed ie. Now York: tier of that vessel, was referred to-
Tapidlar, at 1101/(114:.. • atbitrption' by mutual eoe s e n t, had
fradford ;porter;
EDITORS %
11.:. 0. GOODRICH
I=l
Towanda, Thursday, I)eo. 8, 1870.
MESSAGE
We give up a large space in this
issue to President GRANT'S second
autnial Message. It is a frank, man
ly document, and will commend its
gto every candid man. All that
the President recommends In the
w.kv of retrenchment and reform, harp
I iglu faithfully carried _ out by the
Cxecutiue. Both Houses of Con
gress have got at their Work. Among
the bilk, already introduced we notice
one by Senator Scow to repeal - the
income tax law. A similar resolu
tion was also offered in the House.
We shall endeavor to keep our read
rs posted in regard to the proceed
ings of Congress.
- -1.-4 , 1111111111.-41-- -
ORGANIZATION OF THE 1101.:SE
The next Legislature will meet_
.
any in January, and already the
press are beginning to push forward
favorites for the Speakership, and ex
press opinions upon the organization
of the House. Several names have
iieen proposed, but none, • in our
judgment, more acceptable than that
of Hon. JAMES H. WEB, of Bradford.
We are unacquainted with the gen
tleman, personally, but his course .
last winter was so honest, and above
criticism, and his- - reputation as a
parliamentarian so fair, that we feel
confident that his selection would
meet the entire appro'ral of -the Re
publican party. A man who can
pass through the villainy and corrup=
Lion, which infested the atmosphere
of Harrisburg, last year, and be free
from its contaminations, must, in
deed, be pure. If our pen were pow
erful enough to stay the influence of
corruption or b!ast the reputation of
those who yield, willing victims to
,its enticements, we should wield it
with powerful effect. Unfortunately,
we can only hope that wheie changes
have been made, better men . have
been chosen, and that honesty and
usefulness will be as characteristic of
the coming session, as dishonesty
and utter inefficiency were symbolic
of the last. Let there btd no more
ais,graceful scenes over the selection
~f ti Stare Treasurer, and see that
he Sinking Fund is preserved nu
touched.—Cultinibia Gown(!! Republi-
IC:=1
• c 42.1- There is nothing new from
14g scat, of war. The French, with
*ir usual bluster, made a sortie
front Paris. After sovaal days
shirniithing they, were driven back
tn. the Prussians. The siege of Par
is not raised, but the 'capital of
France is again proven to be unable
to loose the iron grip- which King'
William has upon itathroat.
WO. Secretary NtAxo has express
ed himself most warmly in accord
*with the policy of the Administra
tion in the management of Indian
- _ •
S. W. ALIVORD.
States for th*oirtters of the sum of
fl9,lnt,so bioa. •
AJOOtikor aa lapingsna
cruatwieilbsi
;•:,t ;,-basqbeen otAY,C
' • 24oss-_,
t I
. 11100 - st , • )1110
consent of ; and Uul
States, to the deeisionof Sir Edward
Thornton, Her Brittonic - Majesty's
=Wider* Washington, Who hiod4'
undertoolithe leborions:taiknf 'ei
anuntng the voluminous mass of cor
respondence and testimony submitted
by the two givernments, and oxford
ed ta the United States the sum of
one himdred thousand seven hundred
'and folly — dollars - and nine cents;in
gold, which has since been paid by
the Imperial government.
These recent examples show that
the mode which the United States
have proposed to Spilln for aditistbg
the pending chiinulos just and feas t ble, and that it may be agreed to by
either nation without dishonor. It
is to be hOped-that this moderate de.!
mend may. be an:44lNi' by Spain
withmitiurther delay. Should the
pending negotiations unfortunately
aid unexpectedly be without result,
it will then-become my duty to com
municate the fact to - Congress and
invite its action on the subject.
The long-deferred peace conference
between Spain and the allied South
'American Republics, hai been inaug
urated in Washington under the au
spices of the United States. Pursu
ant to the recommendation contained
in the resolution of the House of
Representatives of Dee. 19th, 1866,
the executive department _offered -its
friendly offices for the promotion of
peace and harmony between Spain '
and the allied Republics.
Hesitations and obsticles occurred
to delay the' acceptance of the offer.
Ultimately, however, a conference
was arranged and was opened in this
city on the 29th of October. last, at
which I authorized the Secretary of
State to preside. It was attended by
the Minister of Spain,Peru, Chili and
Ecuador. In consequence of the ab
sence of a representative from Boliv
ia, the conference was adjourned un
til the attendance of a plenipotentiary
of that Republic could be secured, or
other measures could be adopted to
'wards compassing its object.
`lb() allied•and other Republics of
Spanish origin on this contest, may
see in this fact` a new proof of our
sincere, interest in their welfare ; of
our deaire to see them blessed with
good governments, capable of mail:-
taining ordar and preserving their
respective territorial integrity, and of
our sincere wish to extend our own
commercial ands-aocia relations with
them.
The time is nql. probably far distant
when, in the narnral course of events
the. European politicil connection
with this continent will`cease. Our
policy should be shaped, \in view of
this probability, so as to itttach the
commercial interests of theEpcmish
American States more closly to our
own, and thus give the United States
all the pre-eminence and all the \ad
vantage which Mr. Monroe, Mr. Ai l
ams, and Mr. Clay contemplated,'
when they consented to. join in the
Congress at Panama.
During the last session of Congress
a treaty for the annexation of" San
Domingo to the United States failed
to receive the requisite two-thirds
vote of the Senate. I was thorciugh
ly cominced that that the best ihter
ests of this country, commercially
and materially, demanded its ratifi
cation. ; Time has only conffrmed me
in this view. I now firmly believe
-that the moment it is laioni that the
United States have entirely abandon
ed the project of accepting as a part
of its territory the island of San Do
mingo, a , free port will be negotiated
for by uropean nations. In the
bay of Samana a large commercial
city will spring up, to which we will
be tributary without receiving corres
ponding benefits. The government
of San Domingo has voltintarily
sought this annexation. - It is a-weak
power, numbering probably less than
one hundred and twenty thousand
souls, and yet possessing one of the
richest localities under the sun, ca
pable of supporting a population of
ten million of people in luxury. The
people of San Domingo are not eapti c ,
ble of maintaining themselyes in
their present condition, -and - must
look -for outside support. They
yearn for the protection of our free
institutions and laws, 011 f progress
and our civilization. Shall we refuse
them ?
The acquisition of San Domingo
is desirable because of its geograph
ical position. It commands the en
trance to the Carribean Sea and the
Isthmus transit of commerce. It
possesses the richest soil, the best and
most capacious harbors, the most sa
lubrious climate, and the most-valu
able products of the forest, mine and
soil, of any of the West India isgeds.
Its possession by us will in iC few
years build up a coast-wise commerce
of immense magnitude, which will go
far towards restoring to us our lost
merchant marine. It will give to us
those articles which we consume
greatly and do not 'produce, thus
equalizing our exports and imports.
In case of a foreign war it will
give us command of all the island,
and thrts prevent an enemy from
-again posse sing herself of a rendez
vous upon our coast. Our coast
trade between the States bordering
on the Gat' of Mexico, is by the' Ba
hamas and the Antilles. Twice we
must, as it were, pass through foreign
countries to get by from Georgia to
the west coast of Florida. San Do
mingo, by its immense resources, will
I%re remunerative wages to ten thou
' d laborers not now upon the is
long. This labor will take advantage
of every available means of transpor
tation to abandon the adjacent is
lands and seek the blessings of free
dom and its sequence, each inhabi
tant receiving the reward of. his-
labor:
Porto Rico and Cuba willhave to
abolish slavery as a measure of self
protection, to retain their laborers.
• :an Domingo will become a large
consumer of the products of northern
farms and manufacturers. The cheap
rate at which her citizens can be fur
nished with food, tools and Machin
ery, will make ,it necessary that the
contiguous islands should have the
same advantages, in order to coin
pete with the pr o duction of sugar,
coffees tobacco, tropical fruits, Sze.
This will open to us a wider market
for our products. The production of
our own supply of these articles will
cut off more than one hundred mil
lions °Cour annual imports, besides
largely 'tigrtiming our exports.
With,suell a picture it is easy to
see how our large, debt abroad tik.
tifnately exti°guished
balancie of trade Valltll3, includ/
ink thevinteiest'oftlhe b lids held by
foreigners and llie many shipments
Of our citizeiii. traveling in foreign !
lands , equal to me pat* yfeld tlie
precious pietcti in/this country,. It
MIINM
• pl ow.
. .
is-not so euttome this re:na
btobe 9 ,- -.otieeiplishell.. -.. •
/ 1 . 10 ic 4 loo lo3 9titAes Domine la
uk
tadhorenceite 'tailoe doctrum e
-,. • ''' ....' ~.',! ' ' - • •
. .
On . . .1,071: .-...,••• • over the great
.• . 1. - 7:45h < : 1 Sigra to n ow tam
•Siest.tO . (mit,.biirsy ' - of tlie Isthmus
Of "Darien, tObtuld up our merchant
,
marine. It 111 to furnish new mark ,
ets.for. the products of our Wiwi,
shops and
.matuttietdries: It - ii tit: ,
make slavery in s upportable in Cuba
and Porta Rico at once, and ultimate
ly so in Brazil. It is to settle the
unhappy condition of Calm. and end
lan eiterminating; contliet.. It:PrO-
Vides - "thelionestr - eans of paying our
honest debts wi out.''' over-taziog the
' people. - It is:to furnish bur eitmene
with the necessaries of every day life
at cheaper rates than ever before; and
it is, in fine; a rapid stride towards
that greatness whsclithe intelligence
industry and enterprise of the citi
zens of the United States entitle - this
country - to 'amine amoiag the na
tions.
In view of the importance of this question,l
earnestly urge upon Congress early action, ex
preadve of its views as to the bbst means of ac
qug Sim Domingo. My suthm ia, that
by joint resolution of the two Hansa of Con
gress the executive be authorizedth appoint a
- ..Commission to negotiate a that, with the au
thorities of San Domingo for the acquisition of
that island, and that an appropriation be made
to defray the eipenlee of such cOmmission. The
questina nay be detetnutted by tho action of
the two Bonsai of Ccitagrees uportft resolution
of annexation, as in the case or the acquisition
of Tema. - Ho convinced of the advantages to
low from the acquisition of San Domingo and
of the groat dis ad vantages, I might almost say
calamities, to Sow from its non-acquisition, that
I believe the subject hits only to be investigated
to be approved.
It is to be regretted that our representations
in regard to the injunods effects, and especial
ly upon the revenues of the United States, of
the policy of the Mexican government in ex
empting from irupirt duties a large tract of its
territory on our own borders, have not- only
been fruitless:lint that it is even proposed' in
that country tti extend the limits within which
the privilege adverted to has hitherto been en
joyed. Thu expediency ofg into your se
lin
riouseenslderatfon the pro measures cow
tervailing the policy referred o, will, It is pre
sumed, engage your earnest ttention.
It is the obvious interest, evenally of neigh
boring nations, to provide ag ain st immunity to
those who may have committed high crimes
Within their borderili Jci 1 who may have sought
refuge abroad. For this 'purpose extradition
treaueikhavo been concluded with several of the
Central - American Republics, and others arc in
.progress.
The sense of Congress is desired, as early as
may be convenient, upon the proceedings of
the Commissien ou claims against Venezuela,
as commufficated in my messages of March 4,
lanO, March 1, 1870, and March 31, Ib7o. It
has not been deemed advisable to distribute any
of the money which has been received from that
government until Congress shall have acted up
on the subject.
The massacres of the Frlizeli and Prussian
residents at Tien-Tsin, with circumstances of
great barbarity, were supposed by some to be
premeditated, and to indicate a purpose among
the populate to exterminate foreigners in the
Chinese Empire. The evidence fails to estab
lish such a supposition, but shows a complicity
by the local authorities and the mob. The
eminent at Pekin, however, seems to have been
disposed to fulfil its treaty obligations so far as
it was able to do so. Unfortunately, the news
of war between the German States and France
reached China soon after the massacre. It
would appear that the popular mind became
poinsessed with the ides that if this-contest ex
tended to Chinese waters it would,nentralize
the christian influence and power, aid that the
time was condbg when the superstitiOns Mass
might expel art foreigners and restore Manda
rin influence, anticipating trouble from this
source, and invited Fence and North Germany
to make an authorized suspension of hostilities
in the east, where they, were temporarily sus
-riended by act of the commanders, and to act
together for the future protection in China of
the lives and properties of Americans and Eu
ropeans. .
Sam the adjournment of Congress the rati
fication of the treaty with Great Britain for
\ abolishing the mixed courts forth() suppression
of the slave trade, has been exchanged. It is
battered. that the slave trade is now confined to
the eastern coast of Africa. whence the slaves
are taken to Arabian markets.
Thelatifications of the naturalization con
vention'between Great Britain and the United
States have also been exchanged daring the re-
CeBB, and th us a long standing dispute between
the two governments has been settled in ac
cordance wititthe principles always contended
for by the United States.
In April last,,While engaged in locating a mili
tary reservation nr Pembina, a corps of en
gineers discovered t the commonly received
ea tz,
boundary line betty n the United States and
the British Possessions \ at that place, is about
forty-seven hundred feet,aouth of the true po
sition of the 49th parailbl , and that 4 .the line
when run on what is now suppose& to- be the
true position of that parallel, would leave the
fort of the Hudson Bay Company at Pembina
within the territory of the United States. On
this information being communicated to the
British government I was requested toconsent,
and did consent, that the British occupation of
the fort of the Hudson ~Bav-.Company should
continue for the present. I deem it important,
however, that this partil boundary hno should
be definitely fixed by aTjointtcemirussien O f the
two governments, and 1 submit herewith tad-
Mates of the expense of such a commission on
part of the United States, and recommend an
appropriation for that purpose. The land boun
dary has already been fixed and marked from
the summit of the Rocky mountains to the Geor
gian bay. It should slolli be in like manner
marked' from the Lake of the Woods to the sum
mit of the Rocky mountains..
I reg,ret to say that no con - elusion has been
reached for the adjustment of the claims against
Great Britain growing out of the course adopt
ed by that government during the rebellion.
Tile Cabinet of London, so far as its views have
feu expressed, does not appear to be willing
to concede that Her Majesty's government was
guilty of negligence, or that it permitted any
Set during the leer by which the United States
has just cause of complaint. Our firm anti un
alterable convictions are directly the reverse.
I therefore recommend to Congress to author
ize the appointment of a commission to take
proof of the amounts and the ownership of these
claims, on a notice to the Representative of Her
Majesty at Washington, and that authority to
given for the settlement of these claims by the
United States, so that the
. government shall
have the ownership of the p rivate claims as well
as the responsible control of all the demands
against Great Britain. It cannot be necessary
to add that whenever Him Majesty's govern
ment shall entertain a desire Mr a fan and
friendly adjustment of then claims, the United
States will enter upon their consideration, with
an earnest desire for a conclusion consistent
with the honor and dignity of both nations. -
The course pursued 7 by the Canadistmthori
ties towards thofishermen of the United States
during the past season, has not been marked
by a friendly feeling. By the first article of the
convention of lint,. between Great Britain and
the United States, it was agreed that the Juba&
Manta of the United States should have, forever
In common with British subjects. tho right of
taking fish in certain waters therein defined.
In the wateri not included in the limits named
in the Convention, within three miles of parts
of the British coast, It hal been the custom for
many years to give to intruding fishermen of
the United States a reasonable warning of their
violation of the technical rights of Great Bri
tain.
The imperial government is understood to
have de - Legator the whole or a share of its in
risdlcdon or control of these inshore fishing
uounds to the colonial authority known as the
Dominion of Canada, and this somi-imlepen
dent, but irresponsible agent, has exerctsW its
delegated powers in an unMendly way. Yes
eels have been seized without notice or warn
ing, in.violation of the custom previously pre
vailing, and have been taken into - the colonial
ports, their voyages broken npand the vessels
condemned. There is reason , to believe -that
this unfriendly and vexatious treatment. was de
signed to bear harshly upon the hardy fisher
men of the United States, with 1,,0ew to politi
cal effect upon this government.
The statutes of the Dominkm of Canada as
sume • still broader and more untenable juris
diction over the vessels of the United States.
They authorize officers or persons to bring ves
sels hovering within three IMAM miles of any
of the coasts, bays, creeks or harbors of Cana-.
da, into port, to search the cargo, to examine ,
the muter on oath touching the carguand voy
age, and to inflict pecuniary penalty if true an-.
savers aro not 'veri ; and 7T such • vessel is
Arend "ptepacing to fish " within three marine
mike of an,y of such coasts; bays, or creeks, at
the expiration of the period named in the last
-license granted to it, they provide that the yes
eel with her tackle, etc., shall be forfeited. It
As not known that any condemnations have been
'made under this statute. Should the authori
ties of Canada attempt to enforce it, it will bo
urne my duty to take such steps as may be ne
cessary to protect the rights of the citizens of
the United States.
It has been claimed by Her Majesty's officers
that the fishing vends of the United States
have no right to enter the open peals of the
British possessions in North. America, except
fur the purposes of shelter and retakin g dams
r,es, or for the purchasing of wood and obtain
ing water, and that. they must depart within
twenty-four ham after notice to leave. It , is
not known that any seizure of a fishing vessel
?carrying the flag of the United States has been
Made under the claim. So far as. the claim is
founded on au alleged construction of the con
vention of 1818, it cannot be acquiesced in by
the United States. It is hoped that It will not
be insisted on by Her : Majesty's government.
Daring the confer4ccs which pre
ceded the negotiation of the conpu
lion of 1818, the British tom.mismon
rs proposed to expressly exclude the
.fishermen of the United States from
the privilege of Carrying on trnde
with any of His Britannic. 3114134ra
subjects residing within the limits as
signed for their use, and also that it
should not be lawful for the realiela of
the'-United States,. enMigrxl in said
. . . . .
fishing to . haee, no bawd . any, goods, . '
wares ortliathindise 1
idiatanyest,;ol-'
.CiPt au* . a l oM4 l 7 b.) * l l 3 i ll , Ici* - :thil
Pirse.glithir l o!:,,',AiT. „
from 1 010 1 101. , ~.i:ILJOI:Any:
siall . .
seaiintd*Onte4 in
bet ted; ealidettaiii!.. ' . ~
with her attgo., This ' iiido . ;
which is identical with the ceinitnie
lion now put upon the language of
the convention, was emphatically . re
jetitedlithei American commission
er, and“thalaginn Was abandoned by
the British
..plaupotenth plenipotentiaries, and ar,
ticle one, as it stands in the conven
tion; Wail substituted. : Ifs; howexer,-
it be said that thin claini.is founded'
iiiiPrOrincial or colonial ' statues and
,not upon the convention, this gov
ernment
ammenicannot but regard them cm
: -friendly, and in contravention of the
spirit., if not of the letter: ofthe trea
ty, for, the faithful execution of which
the Imperial government is aloia re
iipansible
Anticipating that an attempt may
Possibly - be - made* by , the oCanadian
authorities in the coming season to
repeat their.unneighborly acts toward
our fishermen, I recommend you to
Confer upon the Ezecntiv?the . Power
to suspend, by proclamation, the-op
eration of the taws authorizing the
transit of goods, wares arid merchan
dise in -bond, across the-territory. of
the United States to Canada ; and
further; shciuld such an extreme mea
sure become necessary, to =spend
the op lion of any . law whereby the
vessel of the Dominion of Canada .
are permitted to • use the waters of
the United States.. , i
A like unfriendly disposition has
been . manifested on the part of Cana
da in the .maintenance of a claim of
right to exclude the citizens of the
United :States from the navigation of
the St. Lawrence. This river consti
tutes a natural outlet ; to the ocean
for the Southern States,iwitli an ag
grepte population of about 17,600,`-
000 inhabitants, and with an aggre
gate tonnage .of 661,36 tons upon
the waters which .'' .. a into it.
The foreign' commerce
.. .1 car_ ports
on these waters is ope .- to British
competition and the major part of it
is done in British bottoms. If the
American seamen be *hided from
this natural avenue to the ocean, the
monopoly of the direct commerce
of the lake ports with ' the At
lantic would be in foreign hands,
their vessels on the tratatlantic voy ,
1 ages having- an access to our lake
1 ports, which - would be denied to
American vessels on simi?ar voyages.
To state. such a proposi on, is to re
fate its' justice.-
Daring the administra 'on of - Mr.
John Quincy Adams, A . Clay un
questionably
demonstrated the natu
ral
right of the citizens of the Unit
ed. States to. the navig, aof
of this
river, claiming that the act of the
Congress of Vienna in pening the
to;Rhine and other rivers all nations,
showed the judgment qi European
jurists and statesmen th t the inhab
itants of Sconntry' through which a
navigable river passes, have a natur
al right to enjoy the navigation of
that river to and into the sea, even
though passing through the territo
tones of another power. Thhi right
does not exclude the eril-right of
the sovereign possessing the territo
ry through which the ri er debouch
es into the sea, to makeinch regula
tions relative to the pol icy of naviga
tion es .may be reasonalt necessary;
but : those regulations should be
formed in a liberal spiritp -courtesy,
and should not impose needless bur
dens upon the, commerce which.,haa
the right of transit. 1
It has been found in Practice more
advantageous to arrange these regu
lations by mutual a g reement. The
United States are ready to /Sake any
reasonabletarrangement 'ilas to the'
priiilege 'of the St. Lawrence which
maybe suggested by Great Britain.
If the claim made by Mi. , Clay was
just, when the popula 'on of the
States bordering on the bores of the
lakes was only 250,00 , it derives
greater force and equity from the in
creased population , w , th, produc
tion and tonnage_of the States on the
Canadian frontier. ! '
Since Mr. Clay advanced his argu
ment in behalf of our right, the prin
ciple for which he contended has
been frequently and - 13 Y various na
tions recognized by law. orhy treaty,
and has _ been extended to several
either great rivers, Bp . the treaty
concluded at Enzenee in 1831 the
Rhine was declared free froM the
point where it is first navigable into
the sea. By the convention between
Spain and 'Portugal, concluded in
1855, the navigation of the Douro
through its whole extent was made
free for the subjects oft both coun
tries. In 1853 the Argentine Confed
eracy, by treaty, threw open to free
navigation the Parana and the Uru
guay to the merchant vessels of all
nations. In 1856 the Crimean war
closed by a treaty which . provides
for the free navigation of the Dan
ell
nbe. In 1858 Bolivia, li treaty; de
clared that it regard the rivers
Amnion and La Plata, • accordance
with-the fixed princi le of natural
law, as highways or nets opened
by nature for the Conunerce of all
nations. In 1849 the P t . gutty was
made free by treaty! an in Decem
ber 1866, the Emperor f Brazil, by
imperial decree, - , - deelare the Ama
zon to be opened- to th frontier of
Brazil to the merchant ships of all
nations. I
Tho greatest living British , au
thority on this subject, while assert
ing the abstract right o the British
claim, says: "It seems difficult to
- deny that Great Britain may ground
her refusal upon strict him, but it is
equally difficult to • deny the first,
that in so doing she extises harsh
ly an extreme and, hard w; and see ! ,
ondly, th at her conduct ! "th ,retipect
to the navigation of the St. Law
rence is in glaring and discreditable
inconsistency with her conduct with
respect to the navigation of the Miss
issippi, on the ground that she pos
sessed a small domain in which the
Mississippi took its rise.! /
She insisted on the right to navi
gate the entire volume- . water,
on the ground that she pinisimenxi
both banks of the St. Lawrence
where it disembogues ihrelf into the
sea. She denies to the United States
the right of . navigatiim through
about one-half of the Waters of Lakes
Ontario, Erie and Hurtsi, and insiski,
that the whole of Lake Michigan.
through which the river iflowir, is the
property of the UnitedEtateli.
The whole nation is interested iu
securing cheap transportation from
the agriCultural States of the west to
the Atlantic seaboard. rTo ' the citi
zens of these States - secures
greater return for their labor; to the
inhabitants of the seaboard it affords
cheaper food, and to the nation an
increase in the in the an i mal surplus
of Wealth. It is hoped that the gov
ernment of Great Britaii will see the
justice of abandoning the narrow
and inconsistent claim b) hfr
Chinadian PrCri Th'n ban UV° , Urgl . ,4/kiii
Shame& T. , 4 A.‘
„ - 4-C.:-t 4 "
Our di et :eased commove i d's linb
- „y! . , .7 0 , 1 8 1# 1.111t.
- on the kW' , ailLsug
: - ;., ' we ilill
"tries fest
. - , snoreZ ia e cotustnes
*
1 001 1 ' Arldtd . •
for its rewind. Ott reP " tames
to all these goverintenta have exert
ed their influence to encoitrige ixade
between the United Stites and the
countries to iiiirebtiVerelicerediVl
ed. But the fact exists that the-ear
rying is done abnost entirely on,* for
eign bottoms, and while this state of
!drain ezida we (=not control our
due share -of the -commerce of the
world. -- That ' between - the - Pacific
States and China and Japan is about
all the canying trade now conducted
in American vessels. I would rec.
ornmend a liberal policy know& that
line of American steamers—one that.
will insure its success and even in
creased usefulness. The cost of
building iron vessels the only ones
that can compete with foreign ship
in the carrying trade, is so much
greater in.tfie United States than in
foreign countries, that without as
sistance from the government they
connot be successfully built here.
There will—be several propositions
laid before Congress in the course of
the present session looking fora rent
ed); of this eviL Even if it 'should
boat some cost to the national treas
ury, I hope such encouragennent will
be given as will secure American ship
ping on the high seas and American
ship-building at home.
The condition of the archives at
the Departmciut of State , calls for the
early action of Cougress. ----- The build
ing now rented by that department
is a frail stratum, at an inconvenient
distance from the esecutiverreansion
and from the other departinints. It
'is ill adapted to the purpose for
which it is used, has note sufficient
capacity to accommodate the archives
and is not fire-proof.. Its remote sit
uation, its slender construction, and
the absence of a supply 'of water in
the neighborhood, leave but little
hope of safety fOrXither the building
or its contents in case of the accident
'of a fire. Its destruction would in
volve the loss of the-rolls containing
the original acts and resolutions of
.o:lngres% of the historic records of
the Revolution -,utid of the Confeder
ation, of the whole series of diplo
matic and constilarnrchives since the
adoption of the VC - Institution, and of
many other valuable records and pa
pers left with that depaitment whefi
it was the principal department of
the governmental archives.. I there
fore recommend au appropriation for
the construction of a building fox-the
Department of State. t -
I recommend to your reconsidera
tion the propriety of transferring to
the Department of the interior, to
which they seem more appropriately
to belong, all the powers and duties
in relation' to the Territories with
which the Department of State is
now chargedhy law or usage; and
from the Interior Department to the
War Department, the Pension Bu
reau so tar as it regulates the pay
ment of soldiers' pensions. I,would
further recommeut that the payment
of naval pensions be transferred to
one of the bureaus' of the Navy De
partment..
The estimates for the expenses of
the Government fof 4 the .fiscal• year
are $18,244,346.01 less than for the
current one, but exceed the appro
priations for the present year for
same items. .$8,972,127.56., In this
estimate, however, is included $22,-
338.278.37 for' public works hereto,
fore begun und4ir Congressional pro
vision, and of *doh only so much is
asked as Congress may choose to
give. I The, appropriatiow for the
same works for the pr.:Sent, fiscal
year was $11,984,518.08.
The average Value of gold, as com
pared with national currency, for pie
whole of the year 1869 was about
134, and -for the eleven months of
1870 the same relative value haS
been about 115. The approach to a
specie basis is very gratifying, and
the fact ein.not be denied that the
instability of the value of our curren
cy is prejudicial io our prosperity
and tends to keep up prices to the
detriment of trade. The evils "of a
depreciated and fluctuatinc , e currency
are so great, that now, when the pre
mium of gold has- fallen so much, it
would seem that - the time ' hag' arriv
ed when by-wise and prudent. legis
lation Congress should look to a pol
icy which would place our: currency
at par with gold at no distant day.
no tax ixdlectedlfrem the , :pecmle has been
reduced more the* eighty millions Of dollars
per annum. fly steadiniFis in Our present course,
there Wno reinion by in a few short years the
national tax gathc r may nqt diSappear from
the doer of the citizen almost entirely. With
the reEnue Stamp dispensed by Postmasters in
every rumunik ,v a tau upon liquors of all Sorts
and to cco in snits forms,land by a. true ad
justment of the tariff, whiclriviU put a duty up
on those articles which we coup I dispense with,
I \7
known as luxuries,: and on those\ hich we use
more of than we produee,enu enough may
bo raised, after a few days peace d conse
quent reduction of indebtedness, to fulfill all
our obligations. A further ruction of ex
penses, In addition toe redaction of interest ao
count, may be relied en to make this practica
ble.
Revenue reform, if it means this has my hear
ty support. If it implies a collection of all the
revenue for the support of the government, for
the payment of principal and interest of the
public debt, pensions, Ac., by directly ,taring
the people, then I am against . revenue reform
and confidently believe the people are with.ine:
If it means a failure to provide the necessary
moans to defray all the expenses of the govern
ment, and thereby a repudiation of the publie
debt and pensions, then I am still more opposed
to such kind of revenue reform, Revenue re
form has not been defined by any of its advo
cates, tonuy knowledge, but seems to be ac
cepted as — something which is to simply every
mares wants without any cost or effort on his
part. A- true revenue. reform cannot hte made
m a day, - but must bathe work of national leg
islation and of time. As soon as the revenue
can be dispensed with, all duty should be re
moved from coffee, tea, and other 'articles of
universal use not producedby ourselves. •
The necessities of the country compel us' to
collect revenue from our imports. An army of
assessors and collectors is not a -pleasant sight
to the citizen, but that or a tariff for revenue is.
necessary. finch a tariff, so far as it acts as an
encouragement to home producers, affords em
ployment to labor atlitilig *ages in contrast to
the pauper labor of the eld world, and also in
the tlevelopentent of resources.
Under the ail of Congress on the 15th day of
July, 1870. the army hasgradually been reduced
so that the first of January, 1871, the num
ber of commissioned officers and men will not
exceed the number contemplated by that law.
The War Department building is an °laetrile
lure, not fireproof and entirely inadequate in
Its demension to our present wants. Many
thousands of dollars are now paid annually for
the rent of private buildings to , ticoximintadate
the variousLnrnaus of the department. I re ,
commend an appropriation for a new War De
partment building suited to the present grow
ing wanta y of theniation.
Tice reporrof the . Secretary of War shows a'
Very satisfactory reduction in the expenses of
the army for the last fiscal rear. For details
you are referred to his accompanying report..
The expenses of the Navy for the whole ofthe
last year, that is, from Dec. let, 1869, the date
of the last re ..rt, are less than $190,000,000, or
about 81,000,111 leu than they were-the previ
ous year, Thtlexpenees since the commence
ment of this fiscal-year, that is, Since July .Ist,
show for the last five months a deciease of over
$2,100,000 hum, those of the corresponding
months of last year. The estimates for the cur
rent were $28,205,671.37. Those fornext year
are $20,683,317, with $955,100 additional for ne
cessary permanent improvements.
These estimates arc made laosely for, the
mere maintenance 11 the naIKS- establishment
as it now is, mtitout nich in the nature of per
manent improvezuent.j The appropriations
made for the last and urrent years were evi
dently intended by Congress, and-are sufficient
only to keep the &ivy on its present footing by
the repairing and refitting of our old ships.
This policy must, of course, gtadnallv- but
surely destroy the navy, and it is in itself far
from ceononneal, as each year that it is pur
sued the betiiiiidty for mere repairs in ships and
navy yards becomes imperative anti more cost ?
ly, and our enrrent -expenaes are anonsily hi.
creased for the mer e rePair of ships, many of
which must soon become unsafe and useless. 5.,1
I hope during the -present kstssion of,a=,
grill to be able to submit to it It plan by
vessels can be built • and , its mado ten th gt
great sating upon the preillut*inst.' 2 :- .. .r.*- .s
Wean hardly be wise iiiteinllttllV in*ilov'
ernmetityhich represents a , Witirover
5000 miles of coast lino on . sees, tfizelu- - :
met A
con ' I
sive of Alaska, WA° of
tau f
progressive people, ; with riallatrns or every na
ture with' almost every foretgrecountiy to rest
-with inch inidequatil means of enforcing ony
foreigirpolicy; either of protection or redress.
Separated by.the ocean from the., nations of
the Eastern continent, ouwsavy is our only
'means of direct
, ali priatectionsno our citizens
*breaker for Alio - C - mallard laity' fort'
POliej•
The accompanying report of the Dostbmiter
General shojis *most satisfactory -working of
that department: With the adoption of the
recommendations contained therein, particu
larly those relating to a reform in the franking -
privilege, and the adoption of eorrespoudence
okra, a .01f-snstaintpgr_poktal - ayste may,
speedily be looked for, an d atne il ni
isharit"day ;a:
tattier rednetion•Of the rates of postag_o be
attained. 0 ~, ,1 . P.- ,:-
''. I recourtnnutileit thif autherization - by Con
, eves* to the Postmaster General' and the At
torney Generaltoisistio all coMmissioua to MU
dais appointed through their ,rerieCtive do-.
Rat:nimbi. At present the commisii s one, where
the appointments are Presedential,lire . issued
by the State Departtneut. The law in all the
departments-of Government, except atom of
the Ptiiitofilee and of Justice, authorizes *eh
to issue its own tOMMIIIBIOLLL - ' t.
Always favoring political • reforms; I respect
fully calf your attention to one abuse of long
standing„ which I would like to see remedied
by this Congress. It is r a reform. in the civil
service of the country. I would have it go be
yond the mere thing of the tenure-of-office of
clerks or employes,, , whodo not require the ad
vice and consent of' the Senate to make their
appointments conplete. I would hive it govern
not the tenure, but the manner_ of making all
appointments. There is no duty 'which so
much embartassea the Executive and heads of
deparments as that of appointments, nor Is
there any such - arderons and thankless labor:
-imposed on Senators and Representatives as
that of, finding places for imnstitueuts. The
preseetssysteuedoes not secure. the best mei;
and often not even fit men, for public
. places.
-'lle elevatied and purification of the civil ger
'vice of the government will be hailed with ap
proval by the whole people of - the Vilited
States. '''' ~
- Reform in the management of Indian iffairs,
has received the special attention of the ad
ministration from its inauguration to the pres
entdays The elperiment of making it. a mis
stonary'Worlowie tried with a few agencies
given to the denomination of Frienelssand has
been found to work most sdrantageonsly. All
agencies anemipcsintendeficies, not so dis
posed of, were given to officers of the army.
The eel of Congress reducing this" army.ren
ders army - __Mlicers ineligible fur civil positions.
The Indian agencies being Civil officers, I - de
•termined to give all the agencies to sash relig
ions denomination as had heretofore eadah
balled -missionaries arming the Indians, and
perhaps to some other- denominations who
would undertake the-work on the same terms,
that is, as a
. anissionary work. 'The' societies
selected are aimed to name their own agents,
subject to the appioval of the. executive, and
are expected to watch over thou and aid them
as missionaries, and christianize and civilize
the Indians and to train them in the arts of
pear , . 'Cles government watches ever the
official nets of these agents, anil - requires of
them as strict an accountability as if they were
appointed in anPother manlier.
I entertain the confident hope that the policy
new pursued will Ins low - years bring all flt:
Indians upon their reservations, where they
wilt live inf s homes, have school-houses and
churches, and will be --pursuing peaCefiil and
self-sustaining avocations, and where they may"
be visited byshe lair-abiding white man • with
the same impunity that he - now visits tho eiv
' 'liked settlement. I call your special intention
to the report of the Commissioners of -Indian
Affairs for full information on this subject.
During the last fiscal year 8,095,113 acres of
the public lands-were disposed of. Of this
quantity 3,598,911 nercii were taken under
homesteadtet, and 215,951,581 acres sold for
cask: The remainder was located with military
warrants, college and Indian scrip; or applied
in satisfaction of grants •to • railvads, or for
other public use,. The entries under the
homestead - lair during the last year Stovered
051,545 acres more than those during The pre-!.
ceding Year.'
!surveys have been rigorously prosecuted to
the full extent of the means applicable to the
purpose. The quantity of land in market will
empty supply thopresent demand. I
The claims of the settler under the home- 1
stead or the preseniption laws is not however
limited to lands subject to sale at private entry.
Any unappropriated surveyed public land mav,
to a limited amouny 7- be acquired under the.
former laws, if the party entitled to enter under I
them will comply with the requirements ther I
prescribe iu regard to residence and cultivation. '.
'flu: actual settler's preferences to the right of j
purchase is ev.al broader, and extends to the
lands which were unsurveyed at the time of his 1
settlement. His right was formerly confined
within, much narrower limits, and at one peri
od
of our history was confen-ed only by special 1
• statutes. They ware enacted front hum to
time to legalize what was then regarded as an I
authorized intrusion upon the national doniain.
The opinion that the public lands should be I
regarded chiefly as a source of revenue, is' uol
longer maintainede. The rapid settlement and
I
successful cultivation of them is now justly
considered- of more importance to our well be
ing than is tie flied which the sale of them
would prod e. Th.e remarkable growth and
proipenty of our new States and Territerhis
attestilie wisdom of the legislation which invites
the tiller of the soil to secure a permanent
home on ternis within the reach of all. Thu
pioneer who incurs the dangers and privations
of a frontier life, and thus aids ite laying i the
foundation of new• cothmonwealtles- renders a
signal service to his country' and is entitled to
its special favor and protection. The laws se
cure that object and largely promote the gen
eral welfare. ' They should therefore be cher
ished as a peremnent feature. of cur land sys
tem. Good qaith requires me to eice full
-effect to existing grants: The tise honored
lied beneficial policy of settleg apart certain
sections of public land fur educational puipo
_eel in the new States should h, continual.
"When ample provision shall have Is en made
for these objects,l submit as a question worthy
"of serious consierlition, whether the residue
of our national doniani should not be wholly
disposed of under the provisions ef the home
stead and pre-emption laws. In addition. to
the swamp and overflowed lands, granted . to
the States in which they arc situated, the lands
taken under the agricultural college acts, and
for internal improvement purposes under the
act of September 1811; and the acts supplmen
tal thereto,. there had bre') convoyed up to the
close of the last fiscal year by patent or other
I equivalent evidence of title to States and cor
poratibus, 27,836,257 and 63,10 d acres for rail
roads- canals and wagon roads. It is estin ated
that t he additional quantity of 17,473.552 : cres
is still duo under grants for like uses.
The policy of thus aiding the States in b,fild
ing,svorks otinternal improvement was inhug
urated more than forty years since in thees*nts
to Indiana and Illinois to aid 'those States in
Opening canals to -connect the waters oil the
Wabash with those of Lake Erie, and the waters
of the Illinois with those of Lake nichiglei. It
was followed with some modifications in the
grant to Illinois of alternate sections of miblic
and within.certain limits of the Illinois Central
Railroad. Fourteen States and sundry corpora
tions have received similar subsidies in connee-
Lion with railways completed or in process of
construction. As the reserved sections are rat
ed at the double minimum, the sale of their at
enhanced price has thus m many instances m
. damnified The treasury for the granted land.
The construction of some of those thorough
fares has undoubtedly given a vigorous impetus
to the developennan of our resources and the
settlement of the more distant portions' of the'
' country. It May, howevereqse well insisted,
'that much of our legislation tti this regard has
been characterized b y indiscriminate and pro
fuse liberality. The United States should nut
loan their credit in aid of any enterprise under
taken by States or corporations, nor grant lands
in any instance unless the projected work is of
acknowledged national importance. I .are
strongly inclined to the opinion that it is inex
pedient and unnecessary to bestow subsidies of
either description, but should Congress deter
mine otherwise, I earnestly recommend that •
the rights of settlers and of the public be niece
effectually secured and protected by appropriate
legislation.
During the year ending September 33, 1874,
there were tiled in the patent otlice 19.111 ap
plications for patents, 3,374 caveats and lee ap
plications for the extension of patents; 13,622
patents, including re-issues and nesigns, 'were
issued, 110 extended and 1,080 allowestbut not
Issued, by reason of the men-payment di 'the
fees. The receipts of the office during the tis
cat year were 5133,3e1.29 in excess of its expend
itureS. :1
The work of the census bureau has been en
ergetically prosecuted. The
,preliminary re
ports, containing much information of special
value and interestovill be ready for delivery du
ring the present . seision. The rerna.ning col
nines will be completed with, all the dispatch
consistent with perfect :weenie; in arranging
and classifying the returns. We shad thus at
no distant day be furnished with an authentic
record of our condition and resources. It will,
I doubt not, attest the growing prosperity of
the country, although during the decade which
has just closed, it was severely tried by , the
great war waged to maintain its integrity and to
secure and perpetuate our free institutions.
During the last fiscal year tho sans paid to
pensioners, including the cost of disbursement,
was $7,780,811 11, and 1,758 bounty land war
. .. ..
, •
rants were issued. At its close 108,6#36 naives
were on the pension rolls. Tho. labors of - the
pension office have been directed to the severe
scrutiny of the evidence submitted in favor..of
clasths, and to the discovery of fictitious claims
whichlave-becn heretofore allowed. The ap
propriation for the employment of special agents
for the investigation of frauds has beenjudi
ciously used, and the results obtained have been
of inestimable service. . -
The subjects of Education and 'Agriculture
are of great interest to the success of our Re
publican institutions, happiness and grandeur
as a nation. In the interest of ono a • bureau
has been established in the interior Depart
ment, the Bureau of Education, and in the in
terest of the other a separate department, that
of Agriculture. I believe great general good is
to flow from the operations of both !these bu
reaus If properly fostered. I cannot, commend
to your careful consideration too highly the re
ports of the Clommiasioner of Education and of
Agriculture, nor urge too strongly such Liberal
legislation as to secure their eMciency.
In conclusion I would sum up thb policy of
the Administration, to be a' thorough enforce
ment of &ery law, a faithful collection of taxes,
economy id the disbursement of -the same, a
prompt.pdyment of every debt of the nation;
reduction of taxes as rapidly as the 'cgrtire
tnentiof the country will admit, and a tariff - to
-be so arranged as to afford. the ,greatest mile(
SrATEitENT TEE' AMOUNT, eIIIPTION AND vr A
mon or Beal and Personal Property. Trades, Pmfreelons, and Orrupattous. Otters a i n n.- -
=OW -at Interest, Notes. Judgment*. Ilcot,mges, Gold Le^rer, guretLey er and Got ,
„ swam over gdo, etc., as rclurnechby tho gerund Aese.ssors for Ms Comaty of and 111", r
i5prA.14.1871,:, ord for mt.
.
. -
.. tit - j r -z7V I , --- Ti - F;
, .
- - - . 1 . 1 . t ' '
.. ~
,- - ;',,,. . 1 .1 ,-,
.... , -,..2 s.r.i-, i t .
,
• ..• . LI ---; if:
• • . ..1 e. ,7 .= • . I 1
0 41. '.l I;It'l!k r
TOW. V3H4l'/'S '
.."'
' 1 I • 'lnv 51 1 i , -?' 1 r• 15. 4 1;
~ .
. . !l i ;i . : , o e.. 1 I I ~ I.z;',F;
1 1„and . ..., i 1 X :-. ~,. - .t. ~. Is ...i.
If
t „ • . '1
3
. A9B9trali - s: _,:.•• . R ts. .- -, .s. - 1 - - 1 ...,= :4 , 1;.0... , ?.
..: -
1 4 , . , d A.: . ,- I • ..- -IZs' t: ' Z
....,
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''..* ;s ..•1 :( .I, ' • ''l Z 1 .4" s
i r . , • -
" 7 . • -.l i • -•1 ';';,- '..1.. 11 ..il l ! :1 .';. s: '
. : - 1 • - '2 r• 1- 1:•.,; •-• 1 1;,• 1
. - -- ....1-
.__.l'
, • • • 24 30,3281 5,2611. ..*.-:. •• • I -. .... • • l -I ^Armeni - •
48 17.681 224
.. ..„..li6 ' ...1 . il3 .... 1, -,
Albs Borough - ..
- -
525 '398"260 ,22,4711 7;060' ...1 3378, "'''
Athens Township ' - • . •
• 218 129,275. 5.0501,0.1,5 f file/ 51231 ii
~ •
Athens Borcugir . .
..
lam . 265 126,033 12.7071 . 1- -PP; 125 1'•'' 2 0 •
Y - 222 74.810 11.6771 .... 1 ... • 501 229 .... 5. ''
• 64/ 198.760 21.675 1 ....... .:..1 .... 1.... .... . ••1 ; '•
• J. 51 118.867 13,8131 • 1 WO, Lg..- ..., •••:..•
:B ton T0n1e8 1 9..• • '.. , •
57 2.9.119 2.570 1,000 4001 752 1 j j::
Iharlinanna ikPrircilk . . 4 _160,0091 11,2791 020 1344 e 001- 1. 4 •
th;:zigt.„ ~,n0 w5 ir,,,,,,,,w,.....• .. . . at -238,60G24,41., ....,.. 1 3 0 i -544 i'. •• • - 1•... j . i
Canton Borough . . • I% 150.065 3,6511 2.310 620; 4529,-. 0 ; 13
.
Ogiumbla 281 -2:32.675 20.018 1 1,600 1501 5801._ _„
~,,..
Frinklirt ,.... .- ~ 154 86.051 9.656 100 ....11....., ... _,, • _
.'
.
. 342 143.166 20.141 3,34.5 .•. - .- 1 , 42 21.- 11 :• .r...; /4 • 1; j.
Orantille....., ' •
.249 fa. 524 14,470 t 21.3 , . 1501_ 1 1 ..7,
Herrick ' •
• • -‘ ... 240 e 109.859 13.225 6.220 ....1 2101 1. 3 1. 2
Leßoy " , .
• - 301 142.063 21:069 4,065. ...I 236 ..... ,-, ;.
Lit6h11; 4 4.. ..... ~..•• . . ....
Lelliyavrile '," ~ _ . 70 22 127 4.638 2=01 ' 120 ; 1 • '2 IY.
' ' • 2C3i 129.785) 10,020 2,6001.... 1 .. ... 1 .... .....„..,
Monroe Tontuddp.,.
791 - 28.706 2.012 ~ . .1,...1 16251.... ......
~ ..
Monroe Boromgh .
. .... 213 i 167,338 19.202. 2.1Z0', 1201 18071._ i' ~,
Orwell . .
- .112• ' 31.002 5.329 3001..... i 2071.- . .... .......i.'
Overton
3611 207.597 29,3 1.800; 4.30, 1450; tt 2-:
Pike . ' - " • 3 . 4 161.935 1 25.143 • 3.942 , 3601 3a0...... ....,
111842bw9 • 245 132.7221 13.374. 1,1001 . 90..... ' .... .... .•••;•.: .
Rowe Township •
Gli 17,546 1.9341 1,110. 401 1217. • 6
• .5 t
Rome Borough... • . ,
.. 400 257,0511 31,218 1,7301... : 1 92.0;.... .... „..1 .
•Smithfield -
430 218.168 • TJ:181 , 2.750. ;67.... 3581 .. • .... ... •
Springfield • . _
- " • • 233 94350 1 19.3061 1,7001 180 ... . . !.... ... j,
..
• • ,
S o u t h Creek . ' * 64 , 29,7Z1 2.3191. 3001 155; 270; - .... .... ,
!trivial* - •
. 304 310,804, 21.2241 11.490 1 ' 10 00 1 .' -..--.-
Standing
__ „ .
Sheihegnin .
Standing Stone • ' . . 205 110 0431 11,001/1 4,9201....' 8291.... . _ .2 .
.:
243 80.2501 IEOO. ; . 1 , 1,
Terry .
. . - • 152 10.1=1 12,2031 2.0001 150 2.9, .... _. _ 1
Towanda Tcnvnsbip
' 331.9201 7.7721 51.508 2230.21123•154 , k ::.1 3
Towanda Borengll
Towanda North - .... - 135 74,2.2- 7.048' 2 053. , ,40; 1:051 .. -.. 1 1 t
Troy.Townehly ' • 31 240.913; 23.550' 6.04,2., 553, :34! 1 1
Tray Bariugh . 27 3 142.2661 4.735 -- 17751 250 - moth) 27.0' .... ..... 5
'233 122,20 t : 13,325
Tuatirori •
' 234 101 4281 14,210. .... ._ 1:.. - ,' 5 2 ,„: 1 ,
Ulster .
319 - 149,06.31 74286. 2.24.); i... • ;01 , . - ,52,.... .., ...
..
Trarrtal .
Windtunn.... ...,4 ... . 2 ...........1 4 .. 2g2 . 131,3101 21,2371 1.700; 50l 225' _... i
.... 7
400 176.457 18.457 16.201 1 940; "...929'..... • • 2 .... 9
WWpill - re - tine.. , 258. 175,519. 15,5201 3:IX/0.... -1 1 1Zg....' 3 .....,
ybox. . '•"•".. ........ I
1 • -.1 .... 1 .. 1.,_
....,....
..
Walt"... • ..
281.1 10.7711 17,533; .. .. .. .. 1. , ..1„ ..;,,........_
.. ~ .
Wilmot -
- - _ - _7. - _ - _-_ - _ - .•-•....3 - :;________ _
BRADFORD C011172V, as. ..
We, the undersigned. CommUsloncra of eald Coe ntp; do
correct statement of.thcreturns Made by the several Anse
And we also give notice that we hill meet at the Commission
26th day of DECEMBER. 1870, for the purpose of revising a.
• Divert ruder our hands and official seal at-Towanda, this
ME
Attest :—E-41-CooLnatuu. Clerk
to the greatest number; honest Mc fair - deal
ings with all other ueopje, tot cud . that war
withaltits bligh g Honest
- cense 11CCS May be
a
avoided, - but without surrendering any right . or.
obligation due tons; a.reforni in the treatment -
of Indians and in the whole civil service. of the
country,„and finally. in securing a ultra hutram- .
mclled ballot; where - every mau entitled to cast
a vote may do in Just onceat each election with
oat fear oftutilestatiim or proscription .on ac
count of his political faith, nativity or color.
- U. S. Gci.:cr.
ExEcurtvi: lifaicSios, December 5, 1870.
lasceUmeonr.
D E.. P 0'
FOR THE
11 0 L 1 1) A 1 - S
MI
"!.:
MEE
WICKHA.3,I . 1 / 4 -BLACK'S.
D. I. 1870
BA. PETTIS co.,
•
Have juet te4ivtal a 10-41 •
FALL GOODS -
In their hue; bought in New York and Philadelphia.
at mices that warrant them in saying thai they will
.
•
CHEAL'.AS THE CfrE - APEST,.. •
Their stock consists in Domestic and other
DRY GOODS,
HOSIERY,
GLOVES,
ZEPIIYRS,
WORSTED,
NOTIONS, - &C.,,\C'
TULLE
Iinj,INEBY DEPARTMENT
Is th r eroitgldy furnished with the'
LATEST.EISMOICS AND IrMTGOODS
For the :eeasvn.
MITIMM
CAPS AND HEAD RIGS
Constantly on Laud
Main at., 9ppusite Ulu eihni ku9st;
Sept. 29.'70.
NEW . MT,LLIN,ERY.
311:8. .7. D. HILLI
Would wll thu . atteution SA the rit.bliu 'to Ler large
Etock of - •
PALL AND WINTER
lt I L - 1 4 I.N ER Y GOO D
Directly from New York city, of the %cry
' , LATEST STYLE:, .
All of which Willikraold CHEAPERthaliol22i place
in Towanda, compriving
BONNETS awl HATS
LACES.
CORSI:Mi
RID GLOVES, -
•
. MRS. J. IY, LULL.
First loot cast of Brawl:all k. Itliliieiray's lied.
White and Blrk.store. Bridge st.
Stilt. 2:J."ld. • -
. . .
Now divortismehts
, hereby rertify tie! above 'to bei true awl
'core of Bradford. County for the year 1871..
era' Office. Y•iwarid,s, ou MONDAY,
• d ettO asowenueet. •
28th day of NOvetulter. A. D. IsTe.
117.11 A LOOSIIR. )
.1085Ctinin - o•,•:ener,
EZRA C. - F.FI.LOCTdi,
TO. LECTURE TOMIIIITEE
I. - 0- - OE' G. T.
ISa this place, vi•oithl titas.iinice that thy Lave yap;
cd th, tullowing na:meillectiarers:
11.
11" I. It T S. I K 1.7; S
Sher hark iu New York.
111. - -
OLIVE LOO.A.N
REV. MATTH inV HALE SMITH
Rer.ened Scat; s ...... ............
Tichrt.
Season Ticlii.tx and Seat" Lc,
LW/ITER Kiltl3Y'S Dru.o titnrc. Tbi: "alt. ,
Itetierveil Seat: will conmeu.:,ii
Jule: F. S fr:DEltzuN.
CLIA.I; I .E, •
II mi.. L. It. Wit.Lt et 14 Li
F; 11.1 J. W. VANIcv..,
Nov. H.
OPENING
ALL
Ltr I,,tr
p.tr , coq.• I,a c,:or.•. .111.1 .a,,uru thou tta•
ot,rt,n, a.ll be .par, .1 to eu , sure a c.uutilin
•: tne its,! jurt;Fe:Eu r te_.l tioni
Wait .11:41 unit
IL Lb.: tat, ,t LONDON -and l'.lltlS 'ht3l,s.
Villl,ll I
. •
Also: a .•f arid raw:). i;,:otl
cotapri,ing a.
LACES,
LINEN COLLARS,
I hal,. :11,0 ra.opimi , d, imiinextimilvitli the nHorr
my LILES"; )I.ll.:lN(lll•tablis4iiiierit,tiud I am liou
parril to do
in tin lat!,,Vaehionablo - It sliort
Entruncelicat door Fos. 3tercar's, up stti:
Sept. 22,10.
FqM--& 11E1teUlt
Iletpet.tfully ti4forra the publlc trod they h.tse pig(
opeuett a flue astotrtment of
Cou.Lhtiu. , ' of abuost ever) thing in the iireeLt: , au , /
Prornsiouline, which they offer for kale at '
At-the lowest ufarket rates,
We feel coutldent .that with our eaperduce wad
facilities, we shall be able to please the noel (aqui.
this. Our Motto is •• Good Goods at Itcaeenialb
Prices.*:
We eltall -bad to plea,e. Try u, Corm.
:quill and Pine ntreets.
f. T. FOX, •
Teminda. Sept. 15,'70. HENRY .111.1ter1
Y A L U S IN G-
111:N iug leased the Storclinu,e and ~a 1
to the 31e,rs. Ivcrutil notify the
. ; citizens of Wyalitsinz, and vicinity that ha
contantiy onilanil a full ',Welt of.
, .
0% L. :..,11ENTNI: C. i•i;s .'ND DAM'.
IN 'DUN. Olt If4"111,03:11111,E.L
IN SACKS,. 111;1,:i.., AND 13A(ISD
•-_
PL.l.StEit .111(1) KEROSENiI
Which v. ph•avd t e.ulgdy tluiu with at
rvationshl, NOVI I Ilt tt.e.ue , l• iarat.trtin 11
In, off etnnl-for queutly caumit fail iu go!.
ing,entlre tnin•tug of
cr,llllllllEy. ,
OAS. 4 P.UO' FOR . OILUN
1, , ,, t 4 .ery . .1 , 14.T4/ti0.4.1 uf
FARMER'S .PRODUCE,
WEI
jr tal.eu iu elellnu,•+ r.r coal, jr.laz•r
C , ineutiand lif:roseno Olt..
JrWEI IIY
EEO
DitSl.7 . as thy agebt, «ill alwaysi br
at the Warehouse to attend to castoußrs.
Ane. in, 1147 n.
Aavertizammt.
111=
11,1,14ber 11. 11,70
(Ayls
.Tantiary
BURLEIGH,
enricAld Cutttratd. tad Tuidd.,
dial Oar Tl:uLd."
'1. , . 1671
WENDELL PHILLIPS
MENEM
lEEE
ElE=ll
I.N:.;A E. DICKINSON
r.. T 1..-
1 , 7
'
WINTEII GuoDh
"ALT,..4S F.:T.-KINGSLEY
EMEME
MILLINERY GOODS
=I
tlre !riqvr- •,f as
CUFFS
11.1NDliURCII1ES,
CORSETS, k.e.
CUTTING and FITTING
NEIN:, GOODS,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
C C P
C 0 L
L I
.1 F
s A • L
OM
CEME •\ T