IWO 011/ fa: Emma is pobilabotiorary Thurs. day Morning, by IL atioesssory , at et per imam. in - ADVERT l Men hoes are insestia:kisarsmissos'lbis !Ss prst,insertion.andmsscsiis perUM Log eabsequent insertions: liVadearnitiaii sorted before Mairbges aad Deaths. will be charged emus cum per alike saeb insertion, All itootatiCoks otAsieclaums ; cievamications of Mated or issUridial interest, and settees of lieniages or Dellthti exceeding five Lines, are charged rsoacsoni p line. 1 Year. • 6 Pao— 3 nio. One. $4O $3O tialt_ 10 25 '.16 tine -Square. ' 10 7/ g i:itray,Cantion; Lost and Found, andothei advertisements. not exceeding 10 lines, three weeks. pr less, $1 50 Administrator's & Executor's Notice* —2 00 Auditor's Notices . 2 50 Business Cards, Ave lines, (per year)..s 00 Merchants and others, advertii4ng their business, will be charged $2O. They.willl bo entitled to / column, confined exchtsive lv to their tnisinees,withprivilege of change. *Advertising m ail *ales examine of subscription to the paper. JOB PRINTING of every kind , in Plain and Fancy colors, done with neatness and dispatch. Handbills, Blanks, Cards; Pam phlets-, &c., of every variety and style, prim. tea at the shortest xißtitw The E5P011333 °MOB _has inst. beiin re-fitted with Power Tresses, and every thing in the Printing line' can be executed in the most artistic, Illannuiland at the lowest - rates; TERMS INVtRIABLY CASH. T'IIESIIMNT'S MESSAGE. FELLOW-CIT/ZENS OF THE SENATE AND' of REPRESENTATIVES : The con tinned disorganization of the Union, to which the President has so often call ed the attention of Congress, is yet a subject of profound and patriotic con cern. We may however find some re lief from that anxiety in the reflection that this painful political situation, al though before untried by ourselves, is wit now in the experience of nations. Political science, perhaps as highly perfected as our own time and coun try as in any other, has not yet dis closed day means by which civil war can be absolutely prevented. An en lightened nation, however, with a wise and benelcant Constitution of free government, may diminish their fre quency and mitigate their severity by directing all its proceedings in accor dance witlt its fundamental law. When civil war has been brought to a close, it is manifestly the first interest and duty of the State to repair injuries which the war has inflicted, and se- (•ure the benefit of the lessons it teaches; as fully and speedily as pose sible. Thisdety was. upon the for staatiou of the rebellion, promptly ac. , cepted not only by the Executive De partitent; but by the insurrectionary ::3tates themselves, and restoration in the first moment ofi peace was believed to be as easy and certain ea it Was in .lispensable." ••Expectations, however, then so reasonably and confidently en tertained, were disappointed by legis latiou, from which I felt constrained liiy my obligations to the"CeastitutiOn to withold my assent. Lt is, 'there fore, a source of profound regret that in complying with the obligation im ..pok,ed upon the President by the C0n ,..,,-ti tution to give to Congress from time: to time inforpatiou of the state - of the Union, I am , unable 'to communicate any definite austment satisfactory to the America npeople of questions - .which, since t* close of the rebellion, ,4.ive agitated\ the public mind. On tie contrary, Vtusdor cabipels me to ..Liare that athis time- there is ho Union luii our g athers -understood the term, and„sishey meant it to be tin. :lurstood by us, The Union which they established can exist only where all the States are represented in both Houses of Congress, where , one &tato is as free as another ;to regulate its internal concerns according to its own . will, and where laws of central goy ., , tlrionent; strictly confined to matters ,if national jurisdiction, apply with ,e q ual force to all people of every see i tion. That sash is the .present" state . of the -Union" is a melancholy fact, and we all must aeltuowledge that the restoration of the States to their prop. , or legal relation with. the Fedeval 'Government and with one another ac :cording to the terms' of the original .-ompact, would be the greatest tem poial blessing , which God is his kind est'pro.videace, could hestow upon this "lation: it becomes- our inoperative :14 to consider whether or „pot it is impossible to effect this most desitra hie consummation. ' - Union and the Constitution are in , separable. A.s long , as otie is obeyed by all partied - the other will be pre 1 :,erved, and if one is destroyed both' must perish together. The destruct tion of the Constitution will be fel- - lowed by other and still greater cal .:unities. It was ordained not only to i (win- a more' perfect union between :L. States, and to "establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for common defence, promote the gen . rill welfare and secure theblessingi of liberty to ourselves awl our poster l ity,'' Nothing but implicit obedience to its requirements in all parts of the country will accomplish these great - ends. Arithout thatobedience we can look fifrward only to ,outrages upon individual rights, incessant breaches of public peace, nationealimests, fi nancial dishonor, the total loss of our prosperity, a _general Corruption of morals and the final ektinction of pop ular freedom, To' save our country from evils so appalling to those, we should_ renew our efforts again - and s again. To me the process of restora-- . lion seems perfectly plain and simple, It consists merely in a faithful appli cation of the Constitution and laws.— The execution of the laws is not now ' , 1 . obstructed 'or opposed by physical force. There is e - no military.or other :leeettsity, real or pretended, which eatt prevent obedience to the Constitu - ' 'Lion either-North or South. All rights i.., :Ind all obligations of States and indi viduals can..be protected , and enforced by means perfectly consistent with the fundamental law. 'Courts may be everywhere openrand if <open their . process would be _unimpeded .. Crimes , ' against the United States can be pre vented or punished by, the proper ju dicial authorities in a manner entirely practicable and legal. There is, there fore, no reason why the. Coustitutilin , ,s . should not -be obeyed, unless those i who exercise its powers have deter mined that it should be disregarded and violated. The mere naked will of this Government or of some one or 'more of its branches, is the only ob stacle that can exist to a perfect-un lan of all the States on this Women - was queition, and 'in some of the t •'- - , , ‘ l . MIE E. ckc. VOLUME measures growim 4 had the misforttira Adi rft gress, and-have eipreds m 3 tion without reserve, tt :gh corning deferente to t ei op the legislative IDepartreent. convictions are .not only un but I strengthened br lan rl events, and further ffirtio transcendent iMportans.e pf t ject will be -4.. suffiment ex calling your attentionto .fsomj reasons which have . o .1 sti fluenced my own ju en hope that we may all fi a ly c 1 a mode of settlement cm ns i once with Our true kite i s a our sworn duties to the , ons is too natural and too jas to ' relinquished.. 1 i v THE STATUS OF THE 114 lifT ITES. - It is clear to my apOehens on that the States lately in rebellion re still members of the Natidn4l nion.— When did they cease . tolbo so "Or dinaucee of secession " ladop d - by a portion, in most of theta at ve small portion, of their citizehs i we e mere nullities. If we admit toiv t at they were valid and effectua fir t e pur pose intended by their girth rs, we sweep from under our feet th whole ground.upon which we , jOsti ed the war. Were - those States of erward expelled from the Union fly t e war? The direct contrary .wfril a red by this Government to be its rpose, and was so understood by al those l it who gave their blood and itre 'awe to aid in its prosecution. t.: pa not be that a successful War caged for the preservation of the Union had the le gal effectlissolving liti T e vic toryli of the nation's arma W . not a disgrace of her policy s Ithi3 4 feat of secession on the battle-A(od as no triumph of its lawless ririricip e ' • nor could Congress, with rot With cu t the consent of the Executive', do anything which would have the eff4ct, , irectly or indirectly, of separat4gl the States 1 from each other. To td z i ) ii Union is to repeal thel us itution which holds it together, and t at is a oi a the'' power which does not belling to any Department of this Governinen , or to all of them nnited. Thiel is a plain ce l l that it has been aoknowledg by all branches of the Federal f Gbve ,gent. The Executive ( my prle4. 'or as' d 4 well as myself) and the I hea of all the Departments ( have u4iferm acted upon the principd that Ihlt ion is not only umliaolved, butt iediaa table. a. ct Congress submitted an 4mend ent to the Constitution to be rite ell y the Southern, States, and ec p their It i acts of rati fi cation as a ea gis4y add lawful exercise of their iihest func-1 i tion. If they were no States, or were States out of the tUition their consent to a change in the ',fun amen -1: tal law oc.the Union wo ld(hav been negatmy, and Congress iii as ing it committed a political ab udity The -Judiciary has also even tie' elemn sanction of its authority 01 the 'same view Of the case. The iirdges f the a t ,Supreme Court have nand the Southern states in their cheui , and 1 they are constantly b 4an else , where exerciaing JuriadHion hieb , ' does hot belong to the n utles those State ,llye States of the' 4 nion. If the Southern State are co dpen parts of the Union, the Gonstitietron s the supreme law for them, ari l it i is r all other States. They are I bon d to , clay it,. and so are we.ll'Fie al ht of the Federal Government, hick i4.clear • and unquei3tlonable, V? e . pfethe Constitution upon them i itwiiga the correlative obligation on imir part to 1 obserte its limitations and execute its 1 guarantees. Without the; Cotatitu-1 tion we, are eothieg. By,ltlirou h and ender the Constitoien we are at it make us. We may doubt the w adom of the law, we may notrarieve f its proFiaiods, but we cann qviol te- it merely because it seems tpeonfi e our powers within limits parrevier th n.we could wish. It is not a 00:jog f, in dividual, or class, or sectional Inter-I eat, mach less of party pied:omi ance, but of duty, of the hig , 4nd a cred 1 duty which we are ail 0 ern t per form. 1 It we cannot supprt th pore stitutibn with the cheerfu alacr ty of those who love and believe pin t,,,we must give to it atleast thr ifidel ty of I public, servants who act under a lemn obligations and commands whic they dare not disregard.. Cintititu 'onal b l i. duty is not the Duly one lwhi h re quire& States to be res red._, here is another considers on ihh, t ugh of minor importance, is ( al, of eat , weight. .0n the 224 of d 4uly, 861, Congress declared by an almost nan .S imous vote ' of bo th housekithat I war should be conducted solid foil the purpose of preserving ti : uteit and maintaining the suprernaey oft the e t th Federal Constitution an ~ e' laws, ty,- elual i ity and right of States or individ als, without imparing the di i and that when this was 4e th war should caw: Ido not say tha this declaration is persenallyi bindin gon those eho joined iu mating it any individual more than members of on il grese are personally bon 'd; to Oily a public debt llreated and r.. 1 a la+ for which they, voted. But it vii;ac a riot enrn public official pledg 14 th ue tional honor, and I cantiOt i itpagin rt; on what grounds repediaitien of it 1 to be justified. If it be iliald tha sc are not bound to keep faithl with rel els, let it be remegibered ,that the promise vrae not made to ;r4bels 1113 Thousands darnenxen in; the -di were drawn to our standard'4 i by i anti hundreds of thousandir et iw a., , rth 01 gave theiAivearin the berief that it would be curried out. . It- ir as sp ade on the daY after the, first great h the of the war had been fought i and • oat. '. All patriotic and intelligent inen them saw the necessity of gerin h t wit t sig. an assurance, and believing t out it war would end in die4ttr , to' ow cause. Ilaving given that 4 8 cur ne in the extremity of our pef ill viole k of it now, in the day of lour pe E would be a rude rendering. of : hi good faith which holds!, the -er r world together. Our count' e ry 4 I cease to have any claim !wen the 3-iit l trs) EIT C\ I RIM rhabilishei; ion ME fidence of men. It would make the war net only a failure but a fraud. PM ERQSIIIII7CTION LAWS. ; .•, • Being suicerelyi - convinced that these , views are correct, I would be unfaithful to my duty if. I did not reo onlYne74l.. the ‘. =peal tor ,those- acts-of Cong. roes '4,hteli - - pliiee 'tin of the Southern Statetaunder the domination" of military. masters. If calm reflect. tion shall satisfy a , majority of yok.- hanoriblebadies that the acts refer red to', are ii i ) only a', violation of nit" tionalifaith, hut it.direct conflict with the Constitution, - I dare not permit myself to doubt yon _will immedi atelylstrike them from the statute book.l To demonstrate the =coned tuticinntcharactsr of those acts "need do no More than refer to their general . provisions. ,It must.be seen at once, that they are not authorized. To die tate What alterations shall be made in the COBstitutions of the severarStates, to control the electioni cf, State legis lators7l State °Beers, members of Congr s, and the electors of Presi dent and Vice'-President, by arbitarily declaring Who shall vote and who shall be excluded,; to dissolve State Legislatures, or Prevent them from as sembling •' to dismiss Judges and otheriyilinuctionaries s of Skate, and appoi t Others without regard to state i t law ; o organize and operate all po litical 'machinery of States ; to regu late the whole administration of their domestic and local affairs, according to the mere will of strange and irreg., ponsible agents sent' ; among themfor that purpose • these are powers' not granted to the Federal Government or to anion° of its branches. Not be ing granted, We violate our trust by Wsnming them , as palpabl,y as we ould !by acting , 'in faee of positive interdictjor the Constitution forbids us to do whatever it does not affirma... tively I authatize,, either by express words or by clea implication . lithe, authority we,desire to use does' not 'Coniete us through the „Constitution, we can exercise it only by usnrpatien, and userpation is the most Alangerons of all political crimes. Bithat crime enemiek of free governmeill in all ages have worked outs` their designs against public liberty —end- private right. ilt leads directly and immedi ately to the establishment of absolute rule, for undelegated newer is- always unlimited and unrestrained. The ants of Congress in question are not only objeetiptiable for their assumption of ungrfinted . piower, but many of- their provisiens are in conflict with the di rect prehibition of the - Constitotion.— 'pi Constitution commands , that a re publiedii form, of g_overniusut shall be guaranteed ta all §,tates at no per; son shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without the due process 'of laivi, arrested- without a judicial warrant, or punished. without a fair trial before an impartial jury ; that the Pritilege of the habeas corpus shall not be denied in 0104 peace, and that no bill of attainder shall be passed even against a single , indiVidual.l Yet the system of mammon cetabliabed by these arts of Congress does totally subvert and destroy the form as well as the PlOgebingn 0 republican.gov ernment in the ten Stfaila 'tg W4iPh they apply. It binds them hand and foot in absolute slavery, and subjects them tq a strange , and hostile power more unlimited and more likely to be abused th'anally (Alter now"known among I civilized '; me*, /t tramples down all those rights in which the es sence of liberty consists and which a free goyernment is always most care ful to protect, It denies the 'writ of habeas corpus and trial by jniy: Per , squat freedom,property,and life, is as. sailed 14 passion, prejudice or rapac• ity of the ruler,tave no security what ever. 4 hag the effect of a bill:of at taiiiderji or a bill of pahis and penal. ties, not upon a few individuals, but upon whole masses, including; , mil.. lions who inhabit the subjected States, and efen their unborn children. These wrongs being ORfiresOir 1 91?" bidden Cannot be constiiutional7 in. flicted Opon any portion of our people,- ao matter how they may have come within inir jurisdiction, and no matter whether they live in the Stetes,r ter ritories 'cr . distriets. I have no desire to save from pri:iper and pet cense quencee of their great crime those who engaged in rebellion against the Government, but as a mode of punish; ment, the measures . under, considera- Oen, am: p r e, giost, unreason' Able that ,could , Eini-invented, 'liany of those people 'ciie perfectly innuctent, many kept th it fi delity to the Union ) 0 un tainted ' tint -last, many were inca pable o any legal offences, a• -large pardon even of persons able to bear arms e forppd into rebellion against'; eir Will, and' Qt iliMe whir are gull Y with their own onsent;de . greCa 0 I guilt . are as va . ions 'at the shades f their character and temper. But the e acts of Congressoftnfound them allltogettier inane on doom.' Indiseriminate - vengeanclt pion class es, Beata and parties, or upon'whole ' communities, for offences committed by a portion of them against govern ,- meats to ,which they owed pbedience,, * _was corduton ill the barharons ages of tro• -the•werill ; 'but Christianityk and piyi. is lizlition have made such progress that 1 , ce recourse to a punisement se t cruel and :b• unjust Weald meet 'With' the condem-- is nation of all unprejudiced and-right y. winded men, Punitive justice of this b age and especially - of this PillSrj 1 does net consist in , stripping whole States, el their - liberties ; and reducing all their people, without distinetion, to a condition of shivery.- It dash; separately with each individual, con cues itself Worm Of -law, ")"ttid villa , cater its! own. purity by tin impartial i examination of every case before .'a t -competent judicial tribunal t If- tbis ii , does not satisfy all .our, desires With e' regard te Southern rebels,;let us con ai sole ow elves. by reflecting 'that a free :r,. , - Constitution, triumphant in war and , at unbracep inpeace, is worth far more al to us and ont . children than 'the'gratii ad fication 9f any present feeling. 'I am m- ' aware it is it:seemed that the system nn Con. conic= with be:. i. 'nion of Thosti hanged equent The e sub; , use for . 3 of the )gly in- . .The !incarin :tent at d with itutioa, • easily ME Mil T6pf*.NoA, BRADFORI) COUNTY, PA.;.DECEM B ER 12, 1867. NM Bglt . 4.llBblarlB OT DINUNCIATION ?BOX‘ ANT QUARTILB: ofgovernment for the Southern States is' tie be perpetual: It lori true this mill government is be 'riiirl Pro .visi but itis through this tempo-1 ra evil that a greater evil, is to be ' , mad perpetnal. c ; the guarantees of the onstituticin be broken Oro . : * „ Ily to Serve a temporary Pur pose, and iliaa part' , only of the coun try, we can' destroy, them everywhere and for all time. , Arbitrary measures 'often change, but they generally changafor the worst.. his the course of despotism that it has no halting place. Intermitted exercise of, its power, rings nii sense of security to its sjects, fo they can never know whatmore th ey will be called ripen to endure when its red right ' hand is armed to plague them again. - Ndr is it possible to conjecture how or.where power, unrestrained by law i may - leek its next victims` States that are still free may be enslaved at any moment, for, if the Constitution does not 'ore tect fp, it protects none. r. ! sumo surrnsas. It is manifestly and avowedlY, the object of these • lowa to confer Upon the negnies the privilege' of voting, and *disfranchise, such numbei of white citizens as will give the former a clear Majority at all elections.i4 the Southern States. This to the mind of some persons is so important that a . violotion of the Constitution is jasti fiedas a meant; of bringing it' about. That morality is always; false which excuses a wrong, becaose it proposes, to accomplish a desirable end., IWe are not permitted to de evil that good may come, but in this case the end it. self inevili as well as the means. The subjugation of States to negro domination would be worse than the military despotism_uuder which they are now suffering. It was belihved -beforehand that the peop le :would en-r. dare any amonot of in' itery opines. sion for any lengtti o£ time.rather than degrade, themselves by subjection to the negro race. Therefore they have been left without a choice. Negro su'rage wag estabOed by act of Congress,- and ailita4 officers w ere commanded to superintend the I pro. cress Of clothing the negro racejth i 2 the • p litioal privileges torn -- IMak white en:, Thablaoks in the ; South are en itled to be well `and huiioMeil gover ecl i alidto have the - protection t s) nf,jqs, laws fot all their rights of !poi son an property. If vit *ere o,4cti cable tibia time to give them a ov ernme t ex c lusively their owntunder i whir& they might manage the r Own affairs in their own way; . it wo Id be come grave question wheth ri we ought 'do So ,or whether' cenrinon humanlty wen,l4 ilot feqttife 1 1 us to save front thennielves. 'flat un der the oircumstanws, this is only a speculative point It is not proposed merely that they shall. govern them. selves, but that they shall rule' the white race,make and' adminihter State laws, elect Presidents and members' of Congress, and shape to a greaMr, er les4 'e4teut the filtuce destiny •of the whole country, Would' seph a trust and power be safe intim* hands? t l e The peculiar qualitie s- which should characterize any peo e who are fit. to ilgoio non the Mans meat of public aihiirs hr a groat k to have geld= been combined. ''' \ lt is the glory &the white men to know that they have• had these qualities,in sufficient measure to build upon this coati ent ' a great po. laical fabric, and to \ reserve its sta bility for rnorg the ninety Years, while in every other pat of the world , all similar experiments have 'failed.— But if anything can be proved by the known Nets, if all reasoning upon ev- . idence is not abandoned, it Inuit be acknowledged that in the progress of nations negroes have shown less capac ity for Geverament than any other race of people. No ledepeedenti. ;or ; eminent elany form has ever been successful in their hands. Oil the contrary, wherever they have •been left to their own' devices they have shown a - coostant, tendency to relapse into 'barbarism. fa flip 4ontbern States, however, Congress has under taken to confer upon them the.privil ege of the ballot. Just releasedfrom ' 1 from slavery, it may be- doubted whether, as a olass , they kno'w snore than their ancestocs how tg organize and regulate civil soolety. Indeed, it is admitted that' the blacks, of the South are not only regardless of the rights of pperty, but so utterl i y ig norant of p ublic affairs that their vot ing can consist in nothing moreithail carrying a hallet, to theplace Where they are direoted` to deposit it, need not rethind you that the exercise of the 'elective franchirs) is the' ,higheit `attribute of an American citizen; and that when guided by virtue, intelli gence,"patribtism, and a proper ap preciation of oar free iostitntions, it constitutes the tree basis of 'iii Debid• .: cratie form lof goverment; in whi r the sovereign power is lodged in th i t body; f the people.. A treat rti • cially created, not for its , oyn ak ~ but solely as' a means of prom tin the general iwelfare, itat.intluenee f , r good must necessarily l depend !up n' the elevated character and the U." e allegiation of the . elector. , It oug t„ therefore to, be reposed kit none e -, e.ept those Who are fitted m orally mentally to I administer it well,' for *f conferred .apon peraoru3 who do n t, justly estimste its value, and who ar indifferenkae to its result, it will onl , , serve as th • means of , placing powe in the hand aof nriprineipled and a - bitio - ris men( and mat eventuate ,i the complete destruction of the libei4s , of which it should 'be the most Power f,nl 'conservator., I • have,' 4heeforce, heretfore ti aged upon your atttention the,gteat danger ,to he apprehended from "tin untimely "extension df the eleetivelranchiseAo any, new class in ilex country, espectAlly when 'a large majority of that Claie, An wilding, the power thua . plared in their hands, cannot-be °VOW , cerreetly td corn. prohend the; dqties and respmaibili . ties *bich pertain to - the right et suf frage. ~ Yesterday', as it were 'fear 1 • thillicms of persons Were held' in a con- ME ~ dition of slaNery that had 'existed foe generations ;, may they are' free men, are assailed by law to be cid zees. it cannot be presumed,: from their previous condition of servitude, that as a class,. they are as well in formed as to the nature of our govern mantas the• intelligent foreigner who Makes our land his-home from choke. In the case of the.lattor neither a res idenixt of five years and a kn owledge institutions which it. gives, nor attachmentio the principles Of our Constitution are the only conditions upon which' he can be admitted to: citizenship. He must' prove, in addi; lion a good oral character, and this give reason ble ground for belief that he will be f ithfut to the obligations which he nines as a citizen of the aluvi "Republic, en a people, the source of all politic I power, speak by' their suffrage through the instrumentality of the .ballot-box, it Must be carefully guarded against she.control of those who are corrupt in , principle and are enemies of free institutions, for it can only become to our political and se cial system of safe conductor of heal; thq popular sentiment, when kept free from demoralizing influences.- Controlled thrOugh fraud and usur pation by designing anarchy, des potism must inevitably follovi , , In the hands of the patriotic and worthy i our Government will be preserved qp-. en the principles of. the Constitution inherited from oar fathers. It follows therefore, that in admitting to the ballotobox a new class of voters net qualified for the exercise of the elec tive franchise, we weaken our system of government, instead of adding - to its strength and durability. I yield , to no one in att4hment to that rukt of general:suffrage which distinguish es oar poliCy as. a nation, but theie is, - limit wisely observed hitherto wil a ch requires of some claises a time sail ble for probation and prepare- Lion. To give it indiscriminately i to a ,new class, wholly unprepared by pre vious habits and opportunities to per-1 form'the *it which it demands, le to degiade it, and finally to destroy its power ; for it may be safely assumed that no political truth is better estab lished than that such indiscriminate, 'and all-embracing extension of popu lar suffrage must end at last- in its overthrow - and 'destruction. I repeat the expression of my willingness to join in` : any phut Witilij} the'scope:of our constitutional authority, which promisee to better the condition of the ,negroes in the South by' encouraging them in industry, enlightening their minds, improving their - morals and giving protection „to falljitheiri,just 0014 as freedinen ; bqt n lranplor 4 our; political to them we'd, in myepinion, be an abandonment of a duty which we owe 'alike to the memory of our fathers and the rights of our children. The plan of -Vatting' the southem.-States wholly, and . the- General Government paTtially t :100, the hands of riegroeent proposed at a time peculiarly nnpropitione The fecindatione of society have been', bra , ken up , by eivil I,war, Industry mast be reorganiiied, justice reestablished, public credit, maintained, and, order, brought out of donfusion. To ageora pliah these ends would require all the Wisdom Mid virtue of the• greattinen who ferrned our institutions ori;;irially. I confidently believe that their deicen• (hints will be equal to the arduous task befere them; but it is worse than madness to expect that negroes will perform it ihr 13s. Certainly we ought not to nail their assistance 'until we despair of our own competeuey.— The great difference between the'two races in physical, mental . and moral characteristics will prevent an amal gamation or fusion of them together in one homogeneous mass.' If the in leder olltaif t ethe rlocendericy dyur the superior, it will is9vorn Aviiti reference only to its own interest,. for it will re cognize on common intrest and create such a tyranny a 4 - this continent has never yet witnessed. Already' the ne grope are - influenc,ed by promises of confiscation and plunder. They are taught to reg ard , as an enemy every white man 'who has any respect for the rights of his awn race. If this continues it must become worse and worse, until all order will be subvert ed, all indnetry pease and ithp fertile .fields of the Sclith will grow up into a wilderness. •Of all dangers which our nation has yet encountered, none are ,equal to those which must result from the success oT the effort now making. to- Africanize half of our country, tns 008 T OF CONGRESSIONAL SHOONSTROC mot. • , I would `not 'put .considerations of money in competition with justice.and right, but 'the expenses incident to "reconstruction" under - the system adopted by Clongnsa agarawatif what I regard as theintrinsic wrong of the , measure itself. It has coat uncount ed millions already, and, if -pereisted in, will add largiiV to the weight of taxation; already to oppressive to be , borne without just omplaint, - and many finally reduce th - Treastiry of the nation to a condition f bankrupt, cy. We must not delude otmelyea,—;' It *ill require a stro ng staMing tir -my-end prob ably more than tsvp hun dred millions of dollars Or annum to maintain the supremacy of negro go-7f- eruments after they are establiehed.-4- I,The sums this throWn away Would, if properly esad i form Iv oinking , furid large enough to pay the whole nation al debt in less than fifteen yeais. It in ' vain to. hope. that . negroes will maintain their ascendency themselves: Without military Rower they are wholly incapable - of hailing iti nubjeo lion the white people of the South. I splimit l to the judgment of Congress, whetbetßublic credit may , not b.! in nricinsly affected by aspitern of meas.: #ires like this. , With our debt and. 4yast private interests which are com plicated with it, we cannot be ton cautious of a - policy which might by' possibility impair the confidence of the world in our government - That confidence can only be retained by i S~ ~(~~?~ . carefullyiecidcating the principles of'":tfiefr own institutions. It gives "me justice and honor on the popular mind _pleasure to add that the ."appeal toper and by the mostiscrdpulons fidelity to cowmen constituents was not taken in all our engageMents .of every sort =- vain, end that my confidenCe in their Any serious breach' of organic' law wisdom and'virtue seems not to hive persisted in for 2it considerable time been misplaced. , ' caning but create fears for the stabili ; ss.atins _oat. THE TRSABl3*f. ' . tji of ' our institutions. • Habitual vie- .It is well and publicly - Ist:town that lation of prescribed , rules which, We enormous frauds have been pepetrated bind ourselves ,to observe :must :" de- 'on' the Treisnry, and that colossal fore moralize the people. Our only sten- tapes have been made at the puhlie dard of civil duty being set at naught expense.. This, species of corruption the sheet-anchor-of our political moral 7 has-increased, is increasing; and-if not; its , is lost, .public confidence swings ditzdaisted will soon .bring us into to from its moorings anityields to every tat ruin and disgrace. Public credi impulse of passion and interest. If tors and' tax=payers ;are alike ifiteres we • repudiate the Constitution, we ted in an honest administration of i fi will not be expected to care mieh for manees, and neither , class will long mere pecuniary obligations. The Via- endure the large-handed robberies of lesion of-such a pledge as we trade on the recent past. For this discredi :a,- - the 22d of Juily, ;1861, will assuredly ble state of things' there are several diminish the 'market vane of our. oth- causes. Some of the taxes are so laid er promises.' Beside, if, we now. se- as to present an irresistible temptation knowledge that the national debt was; to evade payment. The great sums created not to hold States in the Up- which officers may Win bY connivance ion aetax-payers were led to suppoee, at fraud create a pressure which l is but to.expel them from it, and hand more than the 'virtue of many can them oyes to be governed by negroes, withstand r and there, can be no doubt moral 'duty to pay it nir seem' Moeh that the open. disregard of the-consti leis cleat...! '- • I say i n t y seem so, for tutienal obligations avowed by somel Ido not admit that this or any other - of the highest and most influential argument in favor, of repudiation „con men in the conntry has greatly weak: , be entertained as sound, but its influ- ened the moist' sense of those ,who Mice on -Some classes of 'minds may serve in Subordinate places. • I well be apprehended.' The.financial raarnessr's POWER 'IV arTourr oansiove honor of a great commercial nation, / 817BORDINATES. • - I largely indebted, and with 's rePubli- The expensee of the United Statee, , can fella of gpvernment, administered including the interest on..ithe public. b y the agents of 'popular choice is, debt; are more than six .times es 71,2‘ , thing, of such delicate texture, d much as'they Were seven yeirs a 6 .- destruction of it wouldbe follow , by, To collect and disburse this; yak ,such unspeakable calamity, that very , "amount 'requires careful superVisiOn true patriot must desire to avoiil 'what- aewell as systematic vigilance. Oar ever might expose it to the sl ightest system never perfected , ; was meth danger. The great inter, of the disorganized by - the "Tenure of Of require immediate ~ r elief from lice Bill," which has almost destroy these enactments. Business in the ed official accountability, , The,Prea- South is paralyzad.,4 esense of gen- ident may be _thoroughly, convinced! oral insecurity, by terror of confisca- that an officer itrincapable, - dishonesl tion, and dread of neg.ro supremacy.— or unfaithful to the Gitustitution, but t , Southern trade., freest - which the North under the law which 1 have stained, would 'have derived so great, a• profit the utmost he can do' ,is tooomplaii2 under agoverament of kiw i atill len- to the Senate and, ask the I privilege guialies and can never , be revived un- of supplying his place with a better tilit ceases tObe letteredlby " arbitrie Man. If the Senate be regarded aii 7 power whith - makes all its opera- personally or. politically : hostile to tiona-unsafp. ' _. the President, it is natural and not That' rich country, the riehe . st in altogether unreasonable for that nig,- natural resources the world , ever saw, cer to expect' that 'it will :' take hie is worse thee lost :if it lie not soon part as far as possible, restore hint placed under the protection of a free to his place,etid give thin, a triumph Conetittitieu, Insteed of being, as it over his exec:alive - superior: An of r ought to heoe soiir4e of wea lth and floer has bther chances of I t impunity power, it will become an intolerable arising from,ac,cidental def ects , of evr burden upon the rest of the notion. ' idence, mOde of investigating it, acid THE LATE . ELECTIONe. ' { secrecy of. hearing. It is not won; Another' reason ler retracing our, derful that official malfeaStince.shonld steps will doubtless be ••seen by Con- become bold ..in proportion as delis} " gross in the late manifestations of quents leerwto think themselves Betel, pslilie gyratorupon this subject. We lam entirely persuaded that under live il4 it country where popular will. such , s rule-the-President cannotperi alwaya enforces obedience to itself; form the great duty assigned to hini 800110 r or later. It is vain to think of of seeing-the lavis faithfullT execut opposing it with anything short of le- ed,, and that dies Wee hiro most esi gal authority, backed b overwhelm - pegially from eeforcing that rigid ac. ing' force. It qantigit lave - esceped conntability which is necessary to golf attention that, from the day on the-due execution of the ilteveane which Congress fairly and formally Laws. The Constitution' inyeetethe presented the proposition to 'govern rresident with authority to ,decide, the-Southern stetee hy military force whether a removal. should be in ado! with a view . to the ultimate establish- in any given ease. The , act of Con went' of negro - supremacy,. every ex- greis declares, in substance, that he pression of general sentiment has shall 'only accuse such -.se he soppos been .more or less adverse to ,it. The es to be unworthy of Weir: trust. 'The affections of this , generation cannot Constitution makes ;him sole ledge be detached kem , the ..institutiona of in the premises, but the statute takes their ewes tore. Their, determination away, his jurisdiction, transfers it tot to preservb the inheritance of ,a free the Senate, and leaves ,him nothing; government in their own hands, and but the odious and sometimes im-1j transmit it undivided and unimpaired practicable duty of 'becoming a pros-. 11 to their own posterity, is too strong ecutor. Prosecution is tube conduct-II to be successfully opposed. gvery ed before a tribunal whose'members, i weaker passion will dieappeiir before are not like him, reeponsib etc: thel the love of liberty and law for which whole people, but to separate con-i the American people are distinguished atitneot batalies, nd who may hear', above all others in the ( world.' - his accusation ith disfavor. Thell THE PRESIDENT vs. CONGRE Wt. Senate is ebb() utely witkont any How far the duty 'of the President known standard cf deoisiou applica- 1 to preserve; protect and defend the Lie to such a ease. • Its judgment can- Conatituti n regents hint to go on . in not be anticipated, for •it is not gov.l opposing an unconstitutional act of ..erned i .by any rul -. The law does Congress, is a very serious and impor- not define what shall be deemed goal taut question t on which I hive deli b- came for removal. It is impossible I crated much and felt' extremely_ anx• even to.cenjecture •wis:,ti may or may ions to reach a' proper conclusion,— not he rai considered by the Senate. Where all eat has been passed accord- The nature -of the subject forbids hag to the fo rms of theasonstitution by' clear proof ., lf *the ' charge be Inca-, supreme leislative, euthority, and is pacity, what evidence will -support ' regularly enrolled among the public 'it? Fidelity,ao the-Constitution may. statutes of the country, Executive re- be understood of mieundersteod in sistence to I .t, especially in times of thousand 'different ways; and by vlo high party excitement, would be like- lent party men in violent pony 'times, ly to produeo a violaut collision be- unfaithfulnees to the Constituti on tween the, respective \adherents ef the may even cane to be considered nier two bran dies of Government This - itorions. If an officer be accused of world be' simply Civil war, and civil dishonesty,h w silted it be made out? war mnstbe resortedlte only as a last Will it be i tferred from actsµneon remedy for the worst ref evils. . What- netted With eblie ditty,, from private ever might tend to provoke it shonid be history, or fr m general reputation -- ; most ,earefolly aVoided. .A iaithtul. or must the Prelident await the cool and couscientions3 magistrate will con- mission of an actual "misdemeanor in cede very' much to honest error, an d, office 1 1 Shall he, in the ,meantime,risk Something even-to perverse • malice, the character and the interest of the before•he will endanger publio peace, nation in the hands of men to whom and he will not adopt forcible mewl", he cannot give his confidence? Must tires,..iir seat; as migh Ipad to force as! he forbear his complaint , 'until . the long,_as,those which,re peaceable re- mischief is done and , cannot lie pre mainiope Ito:hitri t or to le constituents. vented f If his zeal in the public ser it is true .that case mityoecur is vice should impel him to anticipate Illi which the Executive would •be'com- 'an overt act, must he move 'it the • • • . -. 4•Y% -,- rf tf :7r4vi r ri p ,1 • .• IN\ I 3 ;• ))o .3t; ' I \\. . . . • ::.", "; - e s , . • =ME MN , pelted to Stand, on r ghts--and main tain them regardless , :f consequences. If Congrp:s should pate an. act which . is not 'onin palpabl., Conflict with the Cons tntien, tl y iltit will'eeitilnly, if %lurid on , produce immediate_ and ir ,reparhbleilinjury to the organic Istrucl ture bf t e Government, and if ithere hp neither , judicial remedy for the . wrongs it inflicts, nor, power 14 the people .to protect - themselves, without , official aid 6f , ' their elected,defender; if, for instonie, the ,Legislative_ De partment , should pass an act, even through all forms of law, to abolish a co-ordinate department of the Govern- nient, innuch a case( the President must take the high responsibilities of . his :oMce: and save , the life Of the na tion at all haiarde. The so-called Re construction Actk . :though as plainly unconstitutional atany that can be imagined, were not 'believed to be Within the class het Mentioned. Peo ple were not:. wholly. disormed 'of the power of selfilefenee:. In all the-Nor thprn- States, they still _hold in: -.theft hang the sacred right of the ballot and itAvss safe to believe that in due , ',I • y VV. • I ii : ,i It -8 e of 1, . , 02 per Annum, an A.4vancii.b. BEE peril ot, behtg tried hiinself kr the of. fence of slandering his subordinate In the present circumstances of the country some one must be held re. 'venal* for official delinquenbes of every lcied. It is extremely _difficult, to hay where that responsibility shotildi be i thrown if it be not left where it has been , placed by the Con stitution. I `l3ut all just men will ad , mit that the 'President ought to.be en• tirely relieved from soh responsibili ty, if 'he cannot meet it by reason of reatriettons placed_ by law upon his actions. Unrestrieted power of re. moval.from Office is a very great one to' be trusted* even to a Magistrate amen* by the general suffrage of the Whole ,people, and- accountable direct ly te:them for his acts. it is undoubt edly liable to abuSe, and at some Pe riods of our history pirhaps has been `abused. If it he thought desirable gad constitutional' that it should be 'so limited as to make: the President merely mint/ton informer against other pitblic agents,he shouldat least be permitted to actin that capacity before some open tribunal, indepen dent of party ready to inves- •. _ - • NIMBER 2' , Ifilitiiitlienifeilfieeriefiftroakcitir- . niehedWith , thetneanikof .ts , g eyi- • deuce and-bona to decide ac rding to• established ' rules . This Would ' - ,•, 'guarantee the safety- of: the ' user.. " when he acts %Toed faith an atthe • seine, time securo s the ' rights oT :the Vithet party:- ' - L I speak, of cont. , with ' all proper respect for the , Senate '; but it-does not see ~ to me ... that any legislative bOdy`-e. , be 'so constituted as to insure its..fi 'en fOr - thole functions. It is not the theory of this: Government that the; public offices are the - property of filo:6 who '-` - bold them. They are given' nerdy " as'afilist for the public bend ,some tildes fora fixed'period, so .. earners. di6ng good behavior ; but : : , Ally they are liable to be . tenni , ted at-- 1 the pleasure of the appointing power which_Opresents :the vollecti e maj- ; esty and speaks the will of ' , e, peo- . ple,',: The forced ` retention in once of a single dishonest person ma . work _great injury to the public 'lute et,: :Danget• to the public service comes 'not from the power to remove,but from . thepowerappoint ;:: therefore it was that the framers of • the tonstitn- ' - lion left the- o ver of retrieval dare stricted, whil •J they gave the. Senate the right to 'Je,ct ail appointments . which;iin its .:hpinion, were not fit to I be made.: Alittle' 'reflection on this . , s.ubjeel'ivill probably satisfy all who ' have the good of the country at heart - that-our best course is - to take the Constitution for our vide, and walk . i in the path marked out by the found- - ere of the Republic, and obey the : ?Wes made ea red byithe observance of our great edecaeOrs: ' MA 'C AL MiXIIRS. . • i . c The,-prese nt -condition of our mail. , pes-anld circul ting medium is one (q , Which your- i ly consideration' is in; -„.1 rvited.,The pr portion - which the cur . - - .L.: rency Of any otintry 'should bear, to . the whole Tel a :of the ;annual prc 'duce cireula by - its means, is a question_upon Wtich political econo mists have not agreed ; nor canit be .- controlled b y 1 gislation,,but mnet be -. • left to those irrevocable laws which • •every Where reinlate commerce and trade. The circulating medium *ill • • .- "`ever irresistably-fiew to thoeeNneilits .• where it is in the greatest demand.— The law of 'demand and Supplfiaas . unerring as thaewhich regulates the - tides of oceans ; and, indeed, the cur- .! reucy, like the tides, has its ebbs and. '' . flows thro'ont 'the commercial world. At the beginning of the rebellion the bank note circulatien of the country amounted to not Much more than $200,000,0110- Now the circulation of the National Bank motes, and thoie known as .Legal Tenders, is. nearly $700,600,000. While it Is urged by some that this amount should be in creased, others contend that a decid ed reduction is absolutely ey:sential to the best ibterests of the country. In view-of these , diverse' opinions, it _. may be well to ascerin the ' real - "value of our- paper . issups, when com pared with a metallic or touvertable currency. For this purpose let.us in-' !quire how much gold and silver mon ey could be . purobaSed by the sl'oo,- 000,000 'of 'paper money now in circa. ration. Probably not more than half the amount of the latter, showing that when our currency is compared with gold and silver, its coiamercial value is compressed -into $350,000,- 000. This striking foot makes it -the obvious duty (.1 the Government, us 1 early , a maybe consistent with the principles of sound political economy._ to take such measures _as. will -ena,, i. ble the holders of its noted and thOse of the National, Ranks to convert \ them without loss into specie or its equivalent. A reduction of our pa, I . per circulating medium-need nut 'leo, essurily follow. ThiS,however„would depend upon the law of demand AA supply ; though it should be hurtle in mind that by making legal-tender and bank notes convertible into coin ()r its 'equivalent their' present spi!efe. value in the hands of their holders would be enhanced one hronliedper cent. Legislation far the:accomplish mient.uf a tesult GU desirable is de-. - Mended bytt he highe! highest: pu public coniid. ta orations: T e Constitutieez %mtetu. ' plates tout the circulating triedituaut the country shall he e.%ifuruA in pelt.? ity and value. At the time,of tbs• formation of that instrnment the came try had . just emerged Imin - the war 4 the Revolution,' and was suffering. from the effects of a redundant suet , worthless paper , currency.. The sa .ges of that petiod - were :anxious : to. protect their posterity from the evils which they themselves had eiperiene , ed. Hence re providing a'circulating• • medium,they conferred upon Curigress ' the power to coin money and,regn late the value thereof, at the . same time prohibiting the States from mak ing anything hut gold - laid silver ten-, der in payment otArbts' i ' The anon!-1 _ aloes condition of our currency is in striking contrast' with that which was.ciriginally deftigned. Qar Circu lation now cmbraces, first, the uotea of the National Ranks, whieTt. are made receivable for all dues to the GoVernment; excluding imports, and by all its creditors, exceptiug- pay ment of interest up - n its bonds - and securities themselvee.; 6( cond,, legal,. tender. uotes,lssued by the _United States, and . which the law requires shall be received as well lb payment of ail debts between, citizens, as of all. Government , dues, excepting im ports; ladithird i gold and silver coin. By.the operation of - cur • present sys tem of finance, however, the'metalic currency when oollected is reserved : Only. for one clais of Government . reditors, •Who, holding its bonds, erni-annnally receive their interest icoin Gum the National Treasury. • lk They are thus made - to occupy an in idious position, which may be used to strengthen the arguments of those ho u would bring :into disrepute the -bligatioes of the nation. In ,pii,y out of all debts the plighted faith of• he Gsivernment;s t honld be inviolably aintained ; but -while it acts with fidelty toward the boudhOltier who' bottled his money „that the integrity of the Union might be .prererved, it ?Mould at the same tittle . observe good faith with flit... great Masses of the people, who, having •reseued the Un ion fromthe perils of. rebellion, now - bear dhe burdens of taxation that the Goveinment may be able to its eugagothents , There is . no reAson Which will be accepted atisatisfacto.. ry by the people, why those who de fend ns on land and protect us on Wit. sea,the pensioners upon the gratitude of the nation, bearing sears and .wounds received white - in its service; the public servants-in variant depart ments of the Government ; the farm 'ere who supplie'd the soldiers of the ( See _fourth page.) 1
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers