TKIIMS OK PUBLICATION. I'm: HEPOETKB is published every Thurs day Moming, by E. 0. GOODRICH, at $2 per aunnm, in advance. ADVERTISEMENTS, exceeding fifteen lines are inserted at TEN CENTS per line for first insertion, and FIVE CENTS per line for subsequent insertions. Special notices in serted before Marriages and Deaths, will be charged FIFTEEN CENTS per line for each insertion. All resolutions of Associations ; communications of limited or individual interest,and notices of Marriages or Deaths exceeding five lines, are charged TEN CENTS n r line. 1 Year, fi mo. 3 mo. One Column $75 $4O $3O Half •' 10 25 15 One Square, .. .10 74 5 ilstray,Caution, Lost and Found, audother advertisements, not exceeding 10 lines, three weeks, or less,. $1 50 Administrator's A Executor's Notices.. 2 00 Auditor's Notices 2 50 Business Cards, five lines, (per year).. 500 Merchants and others, advertising their business, will be charged $2O. They will be entitled to f column, confined exclusive ly to their business, with privilege of change. Advertising in all cases exclusive of subscription to the paper. JOB PRINTING of every kind, in Plain and Fancy colors, done with neatness and dispatch. Handbills, Blanks, Cards, Pam phlets, Ac., of every variety and style, prin ted at the shortest notice. The REPORTER OFFICE has just been re-fitted with Power Presses, and every thiug in the Printing line can be executed in the most artistic manner and at the lowest rates. TERMS INVARIABLY CASH. | (Eaviis. rfIIOMAS J. INGHAM, ATTOR- A KEY AT LAW, Lii'ORTE, Sallivaa l'u:intj,Pa. ( n FORGE D. MONT AN YE, AT- U 'I'OHXEY AT LAW— Office in Union Block, formerly occupied by JaMACFARLAMS. TXT T. DAY IKS, Attorney at Law, H • Tuwajida, Pa. Office with Wm. Wat ; Esq. Particular attention paid to Or p: ms' Court business and settlement ol dece dents estates. \ lERCUB A MORROW, Attorneys IVL al J.aw, Towanda, Penn'a, The undersigned having associated themselves together in the practice of Law, offer their pro :*-sional services to the public. ULYSSES MEBCUR, P. D. MORROW. Match 9, 1565. OATRICK A" PECK, ATTORNEYS AT A LAW. Offices In Union Block, Towanda, i'.t.. formerly occupied by Hon. Wm. Elwell.and in Patrick's block, Athens. Pa. They may be consulted at either place. i! W. PATRICK, ap!l3 W. A. PKCR. ÜB. MCKKAN, ATTORNEY <<• t COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Towan d::. Pa. Particular attention paid to business iu the Orphans' Conrt. July 20. 1566. UKNRY FEET, Attorney at Lav. Towan la. Pa. jun27, CO. UT 11. CARNOCHAN, ATTOR • KEY AT LAW. Troy, Pa. Special .-.'.tention given to collecting claims against the G verument tor Bounty, Back Pay and Pensions. Office with E. B. Parsons. Esq. June 12,1565. OVERTON Jr.,. Attor- A-Juiy a! Law, Towanda. Pa. Office in Mon tauyes Block, over Frost's Store July 13.1665. I OHN N CALIFF, ATTORNEY t) AT LAW, Towanda, Pa. Also, Govern i at Agent for the collection ot Pensions. Back Pay and Bounty. No charge unless successful. Office over ti.i i'o-t Office and News Boom. Dec. 1, 1664. i \ D. STILES, M. D., Physician and * '• S i.gton. would announce to the people ot R. ::i- Borough anj vicinity, that he has perma nt y locate at the place formerly occupied by I>r. G W. Stone, lor the practice of his p ofes n. Particular attention given to the treat ment ot women and children, as also to the prac tic of operative and minor surgery. Oct. 2,'66. DR. PRATT lias removed, to State street, (first above B. S. Russe'l A "Co's Bank). Persons from a distance desirous .! con -ultiug him, will be most likely to find him on Saturday af each week. Especial attention;will be given to surgical cases, and the extraction of teeth. Gas or Ether administered when desired. July IS. 1666. D. S. PRATT, M. D. DOCTOR CIIAS. F. PAlNE.—of fice in GORE'S Drug Store, Towanda, Pa. Palis promptly attended to at all hours, i'owauia, November 26, IC6. FUiWD MEEKS—AUCTIONEER. AJ All Utters addressed to him at Sugar Run. Eradroi J Co. Fa., will receive prompt attention. L'RANCIS E. POST. Painter, Totc- JL anda, Pa. with 10 years experience, is con fident he can give the best satisfaction in Paint- Graining. Staining. Glazing. Papering,.Ac. tf Particular attention paid to Jobbing in" the antry. April 9. 1666. j J. NEWELL, COUNTY SURVEYOR, Orwell, Bradtord Co. , Pa., will promptly attend to all business in his line. Particular attention given to running and establishing old or dispu ted lines. Also to surveying of al! unpattented lands as soon as warrants are obtained, myl" Dmttstrp. rpWENTY-FIVE YEARS EXPERT A FACE IN DENTISTRY. J. S SntTH. M. D.. would respectfully inform the inhabitants of Bradford Cor.nty that he is ue. iiianantly located in Waverly. X. Y., where he has been in the practice of his profession for i •he part four years. He wonid say that from his , 1 ng and successful practice of 25 years duration ' hi - familiar with ail the different styles of work d ne in any and all Dental establishments in > or country, and is better prepared than any : r Dental operator in the vicinity to do wort ■ •est adapted to the many and different s that present themselves oftentimes to the > as be understands the art ol making his owa artificial teeth, and has facilities tor doing he same. To those requiring under sets ot j te "h he would call attention to his new kind of w k which consists ot porcelain tor both plate tad teeth, and forming a continuous gum. It is durable, more natural in appearance, and h . Iter adapted to the gum than any other h .1 of work. Those in reed of the same are .to ,a!l and examine specimens. Teeth '■ ed to last for years and oitent mes for lite.— I '>. • :o m. ether, and ".Y t'ous oxide " admin - t-red wtfit perfect safety, .j over four hundred •'test- wuhin the last tour years can testify. i will be in Towanda from the loth to 30th of > : .osih, at the office of W. K. TAYLOR, (i .met iy occupied by Dr. O. H. Wood uff. )Hav made arrangements with Mr. Taylor, I am prepared to do all work in the very best style, at his office. Kov. 27.1165. DR U. WESTON, DENTIST.— Office in Patten's Block, over Goie's D.ug and Chemical Siors. ljAm.fi \T r ARD Hol\>E, TOWANDA, PA On Main -Teet, near the Court House C. T. SMITH. Proprietor. 'Jet. 6, 1666. MERICAX HOTEL. T o wanda, pa., Raving purchased this well known Hotel on d ice Street. 1 have refurnished and refitted *ik every convenience for the accommoda ir u of aii who may patronize me. No paint will * f areu to make all pleasant and agreeable. M ... '66.—tf. J. S. PATTERSON,Prop. PER HOUSE, a four story brick k.- edifice near the depot .with large airy rooms, e.ecant parlors.newly furnished, has a recess in new addition for Laiies use. and is the moat r.v nient and only first class ho'el at Waver'.y. T • It is the principal office tor stages south II express. Also for sale of Western Tickets. "■ *' a t anada, on Grand Trunk Kail-wav. Fare 1 - treit from $4, is cheaper than any other rente. Apply for tickets as above to C. WARPORD. "tabling aud care of H.-rses at reasonable •afes. Waverly .5.Y.0ct.26. 1566.-3 m. C. W. LMNE ASSORTMENT OF PRAY EB Books at the NEWS ROOM. \]US!C, OS ANY OTHER AR - A- TlCL.fi in our iiae, ordered at short notice QT caUing at the NEWS ROOM. POCK ET CUT TLERY LOWER thsn at any other etabliakeut in town ' NEWS ROOM E. O. GOODRICH, Publisher. VOLUME XXVII. INAUGURAL ADDRESS or GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY, Delivered January l.i, 1866. FELLOW CITIZENS :—Honored by the selection of the sovereign people of my native State as their choice for Chief Magistrate of the Common wealth of Pennsylvania, it is with mingled feeliugs of humility and gratitude that I have appeared in the presence of my fellow countrymen, and before the Searcher of all Hearts, to take the solemn obligation pre scribed as a qualification for that ex alted station, "to support the Con stitution ot the L nited States and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and to perform my official duties with fideli ty." Profoundly sensible of everything that is implied by this manifestation ot the people's confidence, and more deeply impressed with the vast im portance and responsibilities of the office, than elevated by its attendant honors, let it be our first grateful du ty to return fervent thanksgivings to Almighty God for his constant provi dence and unnumbered blessings to us as a people, and especially mine to implore His aid and counsel in the discharge of civil trusts, who has been my shield and buckler amidst scenes of peril and death. In addressing you on this occasion, in accordance with a custom origina ting with the Republican fathers, I propose briefly to express my opin ions on such questions as concern our common constituency, and relate to our common responsibilities. Like countries of the Old World, our nation has had its internal com motions. From the last of these we have scarcely yet emerged, and dur ing which " War's desolation " pass ed over our land, leaving its blight ing influences principally upon those unfortunate States whose people re belled against the government, and notwithstanding the agonizing sacri fices of a great civil war, the States that maintained the government and determined that the Union should be preserved, have constantly advanced in honor, wealth, population and gen eral prosperity. This is the first time that a change has occurred in the Executive De partment of this State since the com mencement of the war of the rebel lion ; a brief reference, therefore, to that conflict, and to its results, may not be inappropriate. We have the consolation of know ing that the contest between the North aud the South was not, on our part, one lor ambition, for military renown, for territorial acquisition, nor was it for a violation of an}- of the lights of the South, but it was for the preservation of our own rights aud privileges as men, and for the maintenance of justice, liberty aud tbe Union. The object of the South was avowedly the dissolution of the Union and the establishment of a confederacy based upon " the corner stone of human slavery." To have submitted to this on our part, and to have shrunk from a manly resistance under such circumstances, would have been deeply and lastingly de grading, and would have destroyed the value of the priceless legacy be queathed to us by our fathers, and which we are obliged to transmit un impaired to future generations. The patriotic aud Union-loving people felt that the alternate was that uf life or death to the l uiou ; and under the auspicious guidance of Abraham Lin coln, that virtuous aud patriotic Chief Magistrate, with the blessing of Him who directs the destinies of nations, after open action and arbitrary vio lence on the part of the South, the appeal to arms was made. We had a just cause, and our citizens approv ing it with a degree of unanimity heretofore unknown, in this or any other country, left their various em ployments, their homes and aU that was dear to them, aud hastened with enthusiasm to the scones where duty and danger called, and as the surest pledge of their unswerving love aud fidelity to the Union, they unhesita tingly offered their lives for its pres ervation. Nor was any other tribute withheld in providing the means ne cessary for the support of our fleets and armies. Nearly two millions of soldiers entered the field from time to time on different terms of enlist ment. The citizens generally exhibi tea the highest degree of patriotism in the prompt payment of taxes, in tht ir liberal contributions in the shape of loans to the government ; and the world was astouished by the amount expended in their benevolent care for the sick and wounded, through the agencies of the Sanitary and Chris tian i ommissions aud other charita ble associations. More than six huu d.ed sanguinary battles and skirm ishes were fought, in which nearly three hundred thousand of our heroic defenders laid down their lives in their devotion to the nation —" for God and Liberty." In every phase of this terrible con flict, Pennsylvania bore an honorable aud conspicuous part. She contribu ted three hundred and sixty-six th®u sand three hundred and twenty six volunteer soldiers to the rescue of the nation ; and nearly every battle field has been moisteued with the blood, and whitem.d with the bones, of her heroes. To them we owe our victories, unsurpassed in brilliancy and in the importance of their conse quences. To the dead—the thriee honored dead—we are deeply indebt ed, for without their services it is pos sible our cause might not have been successful. It is natural aud eminently proper that we, as a people, should feel a deep tad lasting interest in the pres ent and future welfare of the soldiers who have borne so distinguished a part in the great contest which has resulted in the maintenance .of the life, honor and prosperity of the na tion. The high claims of the private |" oldiers upon the country are univer sally acknowledged, and the gener ous sentiment prevails that the am plest care should be taken by the government to compensate them, equally and generously, with boun ties and pensions, for their services and sacrifices. I desire that it may be distinctly understood that I do not speak of myself, in connection with this sub ject ; but I am happy to avail myself of this opportunity to speak kind words of Pennsylvania's gallant pri vate soldiers, and the noble officers who commanded them. The generosity of the people of Pennsylvania to the Union soldiers has been imitated, but not equalled by other States. There is something ! peculiar in the loyalty of Pennsylva -1 nia. She seemed to feel, from the first, as if upon her devolved the set | ting of a superior example. The fact j that she carried upon her standard ! the brightest jewel of the Republic, ; that in her bosom was conceived and 'from her commercial capital was is sued the Declaration of Independence, ' gave to her contributions, in men and money, and her unparalleled charita ! ble organizations, all the dignity and 1 force of a model for others to copy. The rebel foe seemed to feel that if he could strike a fatal blow at Penn sylvania, ho would recover all his losses, and establish a resistless pres tige iu the old world. But thanks to ! Divine Providence, and to the eudur ! ing bravery of our citizen soldiers, ' the invasion of our beloved State j sealed her more closely to the cause | of freedom. The result of the battle of Gettys burg broke the power of the rebel lion, and though the final issue was delayed, it was inevitable from the date of that great event. That bat tle rescued all the other free States ; and when the arch of victory was completed by Sherman's successful advance from the sea, so that the two , conquerors could shake hands over , the two fields that closed the war, the soldiers of Pennsylvania were equal sharers in the glorious consum- j mation. No people in the world's history J have ever been saved from so incal culable a calamity, and no people ; have' ever had such cause for grati-, tude towards their defenders And here I cannot refrain from an ' expression of regret that the Gener- ■ al Government has not taken auy stcps to inflict the proper penalties of, the Constitution and laws upon the leaders of those who rudely and fe- i rociously invaded the sacred soil of • our State. It is certainly a morbid clemency, | and a censurable forbearance, which i fail to punish the greatest crimes " known to the laws of civilized na- j tions and may not a hope be rea-! sonably indulged, that the Federal' authorities will cease to extend un-! merited mercy to those who iuaugu- J rated the rebellion and controlled the ! movements of its armies ? If this j be done, treason icill be " rendered j odious," and it will be distinctly pro- j claimed, on the pages of our future : history, that no attempt can be made j with impunity to destroy our Repub- i lican form of government SOLDIERS' ORPHANS. And while we would remember' " the soldier who has borne the bat-! tie," we must not forget " his widow i and his orphan children." Among : our most solemn obligations is the ! maintenance of the indigent widows, I and the sapport and education of the ■ orphan children, of those noble men j who fell in defence of the Union. To I affirm that we owe a debt of grati- ! tude t those who have been render- j ed homeless and fatherless, by their i parents' patriotic devotion to the! country, is a truth to which all man-! kind will yield a ready assent ; and j though we cannot -call the dead to i life, it is a privilege, as well as duty, j to take the orphan by the hand, and ' be to him a protector and a father. Legislative appropriations have i honored the living soldiers, and en tombed the dead. The people, at the i ballot-box, have sought out the meri- J toi ions veterans, and the noble spec- ! tacle is now presented of the youth- 1 ful survivors of those who f-.-l! for ! their country, cherished and educated ! at the public expense. Even if I ! were differently constituted, my offi- j cial duties would constrain me vigi- j lantly to guard this sacred trust. But i having served in the same cause, and f been honored by the highest marks ! of public favor, 1 pledge myself to j bear iu mind the injunctions and! wishes of the people, and if possible ! to increase the efficiency and mnlti-1 ply the benefits of the schools and iu- ' stitutions, already so creditably c-s- ] tablished, for the benefit of the or-! phans of our martyred heroes FREEDOM AND SLAVERY. The infatuation of treason, the downfall of slavery, the vindication of freedom and the complete triumph of the government of the people, are all so many proofs of the " Divinity that has shaped our ends," and so many promises of a future crowned with success if we are only true to our mission Six years ago the spectacle of four millions of slaves, increasing steadily both their own numbers and the pride and the mate rial and political power of their mas ters, presented a problem so appall ing, that statesmen contemplated it with undisguised alarm, and the mor alist with shame. To-day these four millions, no longer slaves, but free men, having intermediately proved their humanity towards their oppres sors, their fidelity to society, and their loyalty to the government, are peacefully incorporated into the body politic, and are lapidly preparing to assume thei-i rights as citizens of the United States Notwithstanding this unparalleled cnange was only effect ed after an awful expenditure of ! blood and treasure, its consummation TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., JANUARY 24, IBG7. may well be cited as the sublitnest proof of the fituess of the American people to administer the governme nt according to the pledges of the Dec laration of Independence. We have but to estimate where hu man slavery would have carried our country, in the course of another generation, to realize the force of this commanding truth. And as we dwell upon the dangers we have escaped, we may the better understand what Jefferson meant when, in the compar i alive infancy of human slavery, fie | exclaimed, " 1 tremble for my conu i try when 1 reflect that God is just !" A simple glance at what must have been our fate had slavery been per mitted to increase will be sufficient. In 18till the slave population amount ed, iu exact numbers, to three mil lions nine hundred and fifty-three thousand seven hundred and sixty Taking the increase, 23.39 per cent., from 1850 to ISGO, as the basis of calculation for every ten years, in 1900, they would have numbered at least upwards of nine millions What Christian statesman, as he thanks God for the triumph of the Union arms, does not shudder at the terri ble prospect presented by these start ling figures ? But while there is cause for con stant solicitude in the nativral irrita tions produced by such a conflict, he is but a gloomy prophet who does not anticipate that the agencies which accomplished these tremendous re sults, will successfully cope with and put dowu.all who attempt to govern the natiou in the interests of defeated ambition and vanquished treason The people of the conquering North and \\ est have comparatively little to do but to complete the good work. They command the petition. The, courage of the soldier and the saga city of the statesman, working har moniously, have now sealed and era- • firmed tiie victory, aud nothing more is required but a laithful adhuroucc ( to the doctrines which have achieve d | 6ueh marvelous results. EDUCATION 01 THE IEOM I The overthrow of the rebellion has changed the whole system ol South ern society, and proportionately af fected other interests and sections. Demauding the enlightenment of mil lions, long benighted, it forces upon the North and West the consideration of a more perfect and pervading edu cational policy. Much as we have boasted, and have reason to boast,of our comrnoy schools we cannot deny, when we compare them with those of New England, and contrast them with the prepara tions for the education of the South ern people of all classes, that we have much to overcome, if we would equal the one, or stimulate the other. Tiie recent convention of County School Superintendents of Pennsyl vania exhibits some startling l'aets, which deserve the attention of the people and their representatives.— Yet it is not by legislation alone that any people can be brought to under stand their relations to each other as citizens. Their best instructors are themselves. However liberal the ap propriations may be, if these are not seconded by that commendable spirit which impels the parent to impress upon the child the necessity of a sound moral and intellectual training your representatives are generous,in vaiD. Every thing depends upon the people ; hence the great complaint, preferred by the convention of teach ers, of shortness of terms in some districts, of the small attendance of enrolled scholars, of the employment of unqualified instructors, and of the want of proper school houses, results unquestionably not so much from the indifference of the State, as from the aegligence of those who are invited to share and to enjoy the blessings of a cheap and admirable system of popular education. If my fellow citizens will only recollect the differ ence bet ween the opportunities of the present generation and those of their fathers, and how much is to be gain ed by a cultivation of modern facili ties, they will require little exhorta tion to the discharge of the duties which relate almost exclusively to themselves and to those nearest and dearest to them The importance of c minion sch-> >ls ' in a republican government, c m ricv-! er be fully estimated T > educate ! the people is the highest public duty, j To permit them t< i -main in igfior- ' anee is inexcusable Every thing, j therefore, should be encouraged that | tends to build up, strengthen : nd el evate onr State on the sure founda j tion of the education of the people.' Every interest and industrial pursuit will be aided and promoted by its operations : every man who is edu cated is improved in usefulness, in proportion as he is skilled in labor, or intelligent in the professions, and is in every respect more valuable to society. Education seems to be es sential to loyalty, for no in the full enjoyment of free schools, ever rebelled against the government. Pennsylvania should be the van guard in the great missiou of educa tion. She should remember that as she has been the mother of States, she should also be the teacher of States. " The great problem of civi lization is how to bring the higher intelligence of the community, and its better moral feelings, to bear up on the masses of the people, so that | the lowest grades of intelligence and i morals shall always be approaching the higher, and the higher still rising A church purified of superstition solves part of this problem, and a good school system does the rest." THE STATE MILITARY. Nothing, after the education of the people, contributes more to the secu rity of a State than a thorough mili tary system. Tbe fathers of the Re public, acting upon the instinct of preparing for war in time of peace, embodied this knowledge among the primary obligations of the citizen.— REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER Yet the rebellion found us almost wholly unprepared. Our confidence in our institutions was so firm that the idea of an attack upon thetn from any quarter ranch less from those who had been the " spoiled children" of the government, was never be lieved possible, however threatened. The first clash of arms found ns 1 equally undeceived and unorganized, and we very soon experienced that the contrivers ol the great slave con spiracy had not only strengthened themselves by the btolen ships, arms and fortifications of the government, but bad been for years designedly in structing their youth in the science of arms ; and when the bloody temp est opened upon us they were ready to spring at the heart of the Republic, while the citizens, in whose hands the government was left, were com pelled to protect themselves and their country as best they could. When we reflect upon the terrible sacrifices we endured to maintain our liberties, and anticipate that glo rious period of our country when the whole continent will be dedicated to human freedom, and when the despo tisms of the earth will construe our example into standing threat against their tyranny, we cannot disregard the consideration of this important subject. As betore remarked, Fenusylvauia contributed over three hundred thou sand troops to the natioual cause.— Deducting the loss of nearly thirty thousand by wounds and disease in curred in the field, what an immense army has been left to circulate among and to educate the mass of our pop ulation ! Properly comprehending this thought, we have at once the se cret oi our past success, otir present safety ami our future power. It would be easy to create an emulation in the s icuee of anus among the v >uth of the State, by proper orgaui- zation, aud to disseminate, in all our schools, that 1 ivalty to the whole country, without which there can be no permauent safety for our liberty. In their late report, the visitors to the West I'uiut Military Academy laid a significant stress upon the ne cessity .it such preceptors, in the fu ture, as would teach the students of that institution their first and una voidable obligations to the principles upon which the government itself re poses. The neglect of this kiud of instruction was felt in every movement during the recent conflict ; aud it is not going too far to say that many who disregarded their oaths, aud who drew their swonds against the government that had educated and nourished them, found a meretri cious consolation in the fact that tLey were permitted to cherish an allegi ance to the State in which they were born, which conflicted with aud des troyed that love ol country which should be made supreme and above all other political obligations. If, in our past and recent experi ence, there has been exhibited the valuable and splendid achievements of our volunteers iu the national de fence, there has also been shown the necessity fui military skill, and that knowledge of, and familiarity with, the rules of discipline so essentially necessary in their prompt and effec tual employment. In order, there fore, to make our military system ef fective, we should have particular re gard for the lesson, and to prevent or repel danger, our State should al ways have a well disciplined force, prepared to act with promptness and vigor on any emergency ; nor should ! we forget that it is impossible to tell 1 how soon our warlike energies may again be required in the field. HOME RESOURCES AND HOME LABOR. In nothing have our trials d-iring the war, and the resulting triumph to our arms, been so full of compensa- 1 tion, as in toe establishment of the proud fact that we are not only able to defend ourselves against assault, but what is equally important, to de pend irp"ii and live upon oar own re source*. At the time the rebellion %vas preepiilated upon us the whole business and trade of the natiou was paralyzed. Corn in tbe West was! used for fuel, aud the producer was compelled t i lose not only the inter est up >u his capital, but the very capital lie had invested. Labor was in excess, and men were everywhere searching for employment Mills and turnaees' ; were ab mdonrd Domestic intercourse was so trifling that the stocks of a number of the most im portant railroads in the country fell to, and long remained at, an average price of less than fifty per cent But the moment danger to the Uniou be came imminent, and the necessity >f seh'-rcbihce was plainly presented as the auiy means ol securing protec tion and the gradual dispersi >n of our mercantile marine by the appre hension of the arm-.nl vessels ol the rebels, tUe American people began to practice upon the maxims of seif-de | fence and self-dependence. From hav \ ing been, if not absolutely impover i ished and almost without remuuera tive enterprise, depressed by uneiu ; ployed labor and idle capital,all their \ great material agencies were brought I into motion with a promptitude, and i kept in operation with a rapidity and | regularity, which relieved from want, their country from Jauger, and excit ed the amazement of civilized na tions. Protection to the manufactures of the couutry, when rightly viewed, is merely the defence of iabor against competition from abroad. The wages of labor in the United States is high er than those- iu any ether couutry, consequently our laborers are the more elevated. Labor is tbe founda tion of both individual and national wealth ; and those nations that have best protected it from foreign compe tition, have been the most prosper ous. It is clearly, therefore, the iu terest of the nation to foster and pro tect domestic industry, by relieving from internal taxation ever sort of labor, and imposing such heavy du ties upon all foreign manufactured articles, as to prevent the possibility of competition from abroad. Not only should individual enterprise and in dustry be thus encouraged, but all public works, a liberal and properly restricted general railroad system, and internal improvements of every kind, receive the fostering care and most liberal aid of the government. We are rich in every thing necessary to meet our wants, aud render us in dependent ol every other country,and we have only to avail ourselves of our own resources and capabilities,to progress continually onward to a de gree of greatness never yet attained by any uation. Our agricultural, mineral and manufacturing resour ces are unequalled, and it should be our constant study to devise and prosecnte means tending to their highest development. Why, then, should uot the wisdom of government make available the teachings of experience, and at once legislate for the manifest good of the people ? Why p rmit our manufac turers to beg that they may live The government of Great Britain has, by her protective system, " piled duty upon duty," for more than one hundred and buy years, and hence upon protection is founded her manu facturing supremacy. Yet her emis saries come to this country, and for sinister purposes, extol "free trade," speak scoffingly of "protection," and endeavor to persuade our people to believe and adopt the absurd theory, that " tariffs hinder the develop ment of industry and the growth of wealth." The great Republican party, in the Convention which nominated Abra ham Lincoln, in Chicago, in 1860, as it preparing for the very war which most of our statesmen were at that period anxious to postpone, adopted ' a resolution, which," to use the lau ; guage of an eminent Penusylvauian, " declared that the produce of the farm should no longer be compelled to remain inert and losing interest while waiting demand in distant mar kets ; that the capital which daily took the form of labor power should n i longer be allowed to go to waste ; that the fuel which underlies our soil should no longer there remain to be a mere support for foreign rails ; that the power which lay then petrified in the form of coal should everywhere ,he brought to aid the human arm ; that our vast deposits of iron ore should be made to take the form of engines aud other machinery, to be used as substitutes for mere muscu lar force ; and that all our wonderful resources, material and moral, must and should be at once developed.— Such was the intent and meaning of the brief resolution then and there adapted, to be at the earliest practi cable moment ratified by Congress,as proved to be the case when the Mor rill tariff, on the memorable 2d of March, IkCl.was made the law of the land. To that law, aided as it was by the admirable action of the Treasury in supplying machinery of circulation, we stand now indebted for the fact that we have,in the short space of five years, produced more food, built more houses and mills, opened more mines, constiucted more roads than ever before, and so great ly added to tbe wealth of the country, that the property of the loyal States would this day exchauge for twice the quantity of gold than could five years since have been obtained for all the real and personal property, southern chattels excepted, of the States and territories of which the Union stands composed." It the principle of protection prov ed to le such a talisman in the time of war. -hall we reject it in time of peace? Tf an answer were needed to this question, reference could be Lad to the repeated concessions tu j this principle by the recent free-trad ers of the South. Scarcely one of the ambitious men who led their unfor tunate people into rebellion, but n >w j admits tuat if the South had manu factured their own fabrics, on their , own plantations, and cultivated skill-1 ed lab.ii in their great cities, they' would have been able to prolong their ' conflict with the government : and I now to eujoy substantial, instead of i artificial pr >speii!y,tbey must invoke , tbe very agencies they had s>> long and Fatally disregarded. Words need ' not be multiplied upon this import-j ant theme, either to make my own j position -strouger, or to impress upon j the people the value of adhering ba' system which has proved itself wor thy of our continued support, and of the imitation of its former opponents.; FINANCES The exhibit of the finances of the j Commonwealth, as presented in the late annual message of my predeces - r.aiid the report of the ?tate Treas urer, is certainly very gratifying: •and the flattering prospect of tiie. speedy extinguishment of the debt which has been hanging, for so many j years,like a dark cloud over the pros-' pects of our State, combined with the ; 1 hope that a reasonable redaction will I be made in our habitual and annual j I expenditures, will cheer the people onward in the pathway of duty. Atnong the most del cate and ira -1 portant obligations required of those in official positions, is a strict aud faithful management of the public revenues and expenditures of the Commonwealth. Taxation should be applied where its burdens may be least felt, and where it is most just that it should be borne. Every re source should be carefully husbandtd, aud the strictest economy practised, so that the credit of the State shall , be maiutaiued on a firm and eudur -1 ing basis, and the debt surely and steadily diminished, uutfl its final ex- I tinguishment. Unnecessary delay in i this would, iu my opinion, be incom- I patible with our true interests. That these expectations are capa ble of speedy and certain consamma #2 per .-Vriniim, in Advance. tion, has already been demonstrated. The public improvements, the cause of our heavy debt, which seemed to { be au incubus upon the prosperity of I the State, so I tug as tiny were inau ' aged by her agents, have been sold ; ' the tax on real estate has been abol ! ished, and considerable reductions I have already been made on the State j debt. This important branch of the ad ' ministration sh .11 receive iny con stant and zealous attention. EXECUTION OF THE LAWS. The general and essential priuci-' pies of law and liberty, declared in i the Constitution of Pennsylvania,] I shall be watchfully guarded. It will | ] be my highest ambition to administer j the government in the true spirit of | that instrument. Care shall be tak :en " that the laws fathfuliy execut ! Ed," and the decisions of the courts ! respected and enforced,if within tic a authorized jurisdiction. Influenced only by considerations for the public welfare, it is my imperative duty to | sec that justice be impartially admin- f istered. That merciful provision, the }>ardonin(j jmver, conferred upon the Executive doubtlessly lor correcting only the errors of criminal jurispru dence, and securing jus tic-, shall not be perverted to the indiscriminate , protection of those who may be just- j ly sentenced to bear penalties for in fractions of the laws made for the se curity and protection of society.— Those "cruelly" or "excessively". ' punished,or erroneously convicted,are alone entitled to its beneficent pro ; tection, and only such should expect j its exercise in their behalf. Whenever the people deem it ex -1 pedient or necessary, from actual ex perience,to alter the laws,or to amend the Constitution, it is their undoubt ed right to do so, according to the mode prescribed within itself. I here repeat, what I have said elsewhere, that "so lung as the people feel that the power to alter or change the character of the government abides in them, so long will they be impressed with a sense of security and of dig nity which must ever spring from the consciousness thai they hold with in their own hands a remedy for eve ry political evil, a corrective for eve ry governmen'al abuse and usurpa tion." THE NATIONAL SITUATION. We are confessedly in a transition state. It is marvelous how prejudice has perished in the furnace of war. and how, from the very' ashes of old hatreds and old parties, the truth ris es purified and triumphant. The con test between the Executive and a Congress twice elected by substan tially the same suffrages, a contest so anomalous in our experience as not to have been anticipated by the 1 framers of the National Constitution, has only served to develop the re markable energies of our people, and to strengthen them for future con flicts. That contest is virtually de cided. The victorious forces, physical and moral, of the patriotic millions, are simply pausing before they perfect the work of reconstruction. Twenty six States have not only been saved from the conflagration of war, but have been crystalized in the saving. The unrestored ten, still disaffected aud still defiant, seem to be Provi dentially delaying their return to the Union, so that when they re-enter upon its obligations and its blessings they will be the better able to fulfil the one and enjoy the other. Their condition is a fearful warning to men and nations, and especially t > our selves. Until slavery fell we did not fully understand the valut- u! Republican institutions. Accustomed to toler ate, and in many cases to defend slavery, we did not feel that it* ci • proximity, so far from assisting, was gradually destroying nut liberties : and it was only when rebellion tore away the mask, that wo saw the hid eous features of the monster that was eating oat the vitals of the Republic. . If we are uuw astonished aud shucked at the exhibition of cruelty and ingratitude among those who, having inaugurated and prosecuted a causeless war against a generous government, and having been ptrmit t< i to escape the punishment they deserve, aic once more arr gantly l clamoring to assiim- <• citr-ul "f the l destinies <>l this great nation, how mood gTeatei cause would wo have had lor surprise tad slavery it a permitted u> increase aud multiply Roast os wo may of our map-rial and our m ral victories, yet is it not true that there is no such thing as a Republican government in the ton I states that began and carried on ti o ; war? There is nut, t eduy, a desput ic State in Europe- wher- the right* • of the individual man r.'-e so defiantly trampled under f-ot. a* in the sec tion* which were supposed to have j t ecu brought into lull submission to ; the government of the I cited States. ! But tue disease has suggested its ' Providential cure. j The abhorrent doctrine,that defeat , ed treason shall not only be niagnan i imously pardoned, but introduced to yet stronger" privileges, because of its guilty fiilure, seems t j have been insisted up"::, as if t > strengthen the better and the contrasting doctrine, that a nation, having conquered its freedom, is its own best guardian, . and that those who were defeated in honorable battle should be constrain ed to submit to all the terms of the ! conqueror The violators of the most solemn , obligations, the peruetfanii'--* of the most atrocious crimes in the annals of time, the murderers of our heroic soldiers on fields of battle, and in 1 loathsome dungeons and tarbar >us prisons, they must cot. thall nU, re appear in the council chambers of the iatioii, to aid in its legislation, or ( control its destiuiqp, unless it shall be on Conditions which will preserve our institutions from their baleful ' purposes and influence, and secure republican forms of government, in i choir purity and vigor. in every sec tion of the country That they are iudispn ' gress our present interests and fu j ture welfare all depend. In its firm ness and courage the whole experi j ment of genuine republicanism is in ; dissoluble involved. That this firm ness and courage will be fully exhib ited by its controlling majorities, in the origination and adoption of meas ures of wisdom and discretion, even more radical and decisive, if necessa ry than those of the past, I entertain no doubt. Such measures will meet wuh my cordial approval. And I may well add, that while Pennsylva nia will confide in a loyal Congress, 1 she will not hesitate to sustain it with her entire influence and power. That in the administration of the government 1 may err, is only what i should be expected from the infirmi j ties of the humau miud ; but as 1 eu j ter upon the discharge of my respon sible duties with a firm resolution to ! act with honesty and impartiality, 1 trust my errors will be regarded with charity and treated with the gentle ness of magnanimous forgiveness. And I earnestly hope that my in tercourse with my fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Represents tives will be so frank and cordial, that our duties to a common constitu ency will be pleasantly and faithfallv discharged. Different branches of the government as we are, with dis tinctive duties, we are nevertheless parts of one organized well regulat ed system, and as we co-operate or disagree, the interests of the state will probably be promoted or retard ed. Elected by the people, desirous to promote the welfare of every citi zen, mere party differences should not be allowed to interfere with the maintenance of a generous, a true ! and comprehensive public policy It was the illustrious Washington, equally distinguished as a warrior and a statesman, who gave utterancc to the declaration, '• that the propi tious smiles of Heaven cannot be ex pected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right;" and .lefferson, who asserted that '• whatever is morally wrong cannot be politica l}' right." These utter ances express my deepest convictions of the rules and principles which should permeate and control all gov i ernruents. Let us, fellow-citizens,ad here to Ihem, be governed by them, and our efforts will be happily united in surrounding tin- institutions of our State, as well as those of our nation, with a rampart of truth that will re pel the madness of ambition, the schemes of usurpation, and success fully resist the changes aud agita tions of all coming time. THE SUN SEENAT THE POLES. To a person standing at the north p> i!e, the sun would appear to sweep horizontally around the sky every twenty-four hours, without any per ceptible variation in its distance from the horizon during its circuit. On the 21st of June it is 23 degrees aud 3- minutes above the horizon—a little more than one fourth of the distance to the zenith the highest point that it ever reaches. From this altitude it slowly descends,its track being rcpre scnted by a spiral or screw with a very fine thread : and in the cours of three months it worms its way down to the horizon which it reach. - ou the 23J of September. <>n thi day it slowly sweeps around tue sky w th its face nail hidden below tie icy sea. it still c mtuitits to descend, but after it La* entirely disappeared it is still so near the horizon that it carries a bright twilight around ih heavens in its daily circuit. tin sun finks wc. and lower, t'.i- twi light grows gradually fainter until it fades away On Decern: -r 2fUh tL • sun i- J . degrees, 3~ minutes Ueluw the iiori . zon, and thi* >& the midnight oi i; < dark winter of the pol< From li - date the sun begins to ascend, a after tun- 1 - -e'tttij is neiaid--i i>\ a fa'nt da •n, ah:eh -iivies sl.-wiy arouud i. • I, >iiz n, .- juipteting it circuit every 24 h mrs This dawn grows gradually brighter, and on th 20th of March the peats are gild- ■ ; with the firs' 1.-vel t .v- IH<- ->i\ month's day The bringtr of th:> long day i.'iuu to wind his spiral way upward until lt<- reaches Li* Lights', j- ■ on the 2ist . l .luiie. aud IF* annual cours is completed The sain.- appearance- ire presented at the south p >!.*, only at opposit. dates, the 21st of June being mid night a. I mi twinter there, whil- tb north p.-. -having its suriinu r sun shine. GAHRJ. k said of Sir -!->hn Ilill, the physi.-iali >n : .uthoi. • lii- \w.r*t 1 wi-lt th- v. r*. thf punishnif-at. " **i i wag. " Airy '.Hi- ;V. i o takes the k>'t- -I - ;•) l- won't liv,- to r- A.l his play-.. Ix an bituary uotice of an ol I cif ho n ,u Ohio p.q- r say- : - IV w.t- h- -n- -f and indastrious, until enf-.-rhl. d ly -r ' disease. THE difference netwoen AN editor and Lii wit-, is --.ai to t.. , that writes ar ticles to set i-nd the other Article-I-. right. Tin: world stands by every old till it is found untenable. Mid oppose* -v. r. i new tmth till it prove* im-r-übh. 1 What did Lot do when his wife w.i- turned into .. pjlh.r of - dt: ' <->t •> !r - • one. ' lii. who pays mure .Mention to IBs ! 1 hat than hi- head show- which i- west 1 | prized.