TECMS OP PUBLICATION.
I he Repjaraais pubbshed every Thursday Mor
ning, by E. O. GOODRICH, at $2 per annum in ad
vance.
A OVERTISEMENTS exceeding fifteen lines are
i a .ei ted at TEN CENTS per line for first insertion,
. .id FIVE CENTS per line for subsequent insertions
Special notices inserted before Marriages and
Deaths, will be charged FIFTEEN CENT, per line for
each insertion All resolutions of Associations ;
communications of limited or individual interest,
and notices of Marriages and Deaths exceeding five
lines, are charged TEN CENTS per line.
1 Year. 6 mo. 3 mo.
One Column, $75 S4O S3O
5 40 25 15
One Square, 10 7i 5
Est ray, Caution, Lost and Found, and oth
er advertisements, not exceeding 15 lines,
three weeks, or less, $1 50
Administrator's and Executor's Notices. .2 00
Auditor's Notices * oO
Business Cards, five lines, (per year) o uo
Merchants and others, advertising their business
wiH be charged s'2o. They will be entitled to I
column, confined exclusively to their business, with
pi-; Wlege of change. •
Advertising m all cases exclusive of sub
scription to the paper.
JOB PRINTING of every kind in Plain and Fan
cy colors, done with neatness and dispatch. Hand
bills, Blanks, Cards, Pamphlets, Ac., of every ve
rity and style, printed at the shortest notice. The
RE POSTER OFFICE has just been re-fitted with Power
Presses, aud every thing in the Printing line can
be executed in the most artistic manner and at the
jowest rates. TERMS INVARIABLY CASH.
(Eariis.
npHOMAS J. INGHAM, ATTORNEY
1_ AT LAW, LAl'OßTE,Sullivan Connty,Pa.
/ i EORGE D. MONTAXYE, ATTOR
VJT XE Y AT LA IV— Office in Union Block .former
ly occupied by Jxa. JIA SCANS.
WT. DAVIES, Attorney at Law, To
• wanda, Pa. Office with Wm. Watkins, Esq.
Particular atteuiion paid to Orphans' Court business
and settlement ol decedents estates. 25-42.
MERCUR & MORROW, Attorneys at Law,
Towanda, Penn'a,
The undersigned having associated theiuselvas togeth
er in the practice of Law, offer their professional ser
vices to the public.
ULYSSEb MERCUR, P. D. MORROW.
March 9,1865.
Patrick & peck, attorneys AT LAW,
Offices In Union Block, Towanda, Pa., formerly
occupied by Hon. Wm. Elwell, and in Patrick's block,
Athens, Pa. They may be consulted at either place.
H. W. PATRICK, apll3 W. A. PUCK.
Hll. Ml K KAN, J TTORNE Yd- CO UN
• SELLOR AT LAW, Towanda, Pa. Par
ticular attention paid to business in the Orphans' Court.
July 20. 1866
HENRY FEET, Attorney at Laic, Towan
la. Pa. jun27,66.
WH. CARNOCHAN, ATTORNEY
• AT LA IV, Troy, Pa. Special attention given
to collecting claims against the Government for Bounty,
Back Pay and Pensions. Office with E. B. Parsons, Esq.
June 12,1865.
EIDWARD OVERTON Jr., Attorney at
X2i Luu J, Towanda, Pa. Office in Montanyes Block,
over Frost's Store July 13th, 1865
[OHN N. CALIFF, ATTORNEY AT
l) I.A IF, Towanda, Pa. Also, Government Agent
or the collection ot Pensions, Back Pay and Bounty.
*S" No charge unless successful. Office over the
Post Office and News Room. Dec. 1,1864.
DR E. H. MASON, rH YEICIA N AND
S VRGEOS, offers his professional services to the
peopleof Towanda and vicinity. Officeat hisresidencf
on Pines' reet, where he can alwaysbefound when not
■nfarituDy engaged.
HE." RY A. RECORD, M. D., Physician
and Surgeon, having permanantly located in Mill
view, Sullivan Co., Pa.,would respectfully offer his pro
fessional services to the citizens of the place a vicinity.
Jan. 30, '66.
0 1). STILES, M. D., Physician and Sur
• geon. would announce to the people ot Rome Bo
rough and vicinity , that he has permanently locate t at
the place iormerly occupied by Dr. G VV. Stone, for the
practice of his p ofession. Particular attention given
to the treatment of women and children, as also to the
practice of operative and minor surgery. Oct. 2,'66.
DR. PRATT lias removed to State street
(tirst above B. S. Russet: & Go's Baok). Persons
■from a diftance desirous -1 con ulting him. will be most
likely to find him on Saturday Dt each week. Especial
attention will be given to surgical cases, and the extrac
tion of teeth. Gas or Ether administered when desired.
_Jnly IS.JSGS. D. S. PRATT, M. D.
TP D WARD MEEKS—AUCTIONEER^
f ' Ail letters addressed to him at Sugar Run, Brad
t,,r,j Pa., will receive prompt attention. May7'66tf,
lIRANC, t S E. POST, Painter, Towanda,
I'u with if vears experience, is confident he can
give the best satistu xtion j n Painting, Graining, Stain
lug, Glazing, I articular attention
paid to Jubbiug in the 'lutiy. April 9, '66.
j .1. N£WE Lb ,
COUNTY SURVEYOR,
Orwell, Bradford Co., Pa„ will promptly attend to all
business in his line. Particular attention to run
ning and establishing old or disputed lines. A ' so t0
surveying ot all unpattented 1 ands as soon as warrant
are obtained.
May 17, 1866.
Drntistrp.
1 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS EXPERIENCE
. IN DENTISTRY J. S. SMITH, M. D., would re
spectfully inlorm the inhabitants of Bradford County
that he is permanantly located in Waverly, N.Y., where
he has been in the practice of his profession for the past
four years. He would say that from his long and suc
cessful practice of 25 years duration, he is familiar with
ail the different styles of work done in any and all Den
tal establishments in city or country, and is better pre
pared than any other Dental operator in the vicinity to
do work the best adapted to the many and different
cases that present themselves oftentimes to the Dentist,
as he understands the art ot making his own artificial
teeth, and has facilities tor doing the same. To those
requiring under sets of teeth he would call attention to
his new kind of work which consists ol porcelain lor
both plate and teeth, and lorming a continuous gum. It
is more durable, more naturai in appearance, and much
better adapted to the gum than any other kind of work.
Those in need of the same are invited to call and exam
ine specimens. Teeth filled to last for years and otten
t mes for lite. CHloroto, m, ether, and "Afttrou* oxide"
administered with perfect satety, as over tour hundred
patients within the last four years cau testify.
I will be in Towanda from the 15th to 30th ol every
mouth, at the office of V.K. TAYLOR. (formerly oc
cupied by Dr. O. H. Woodruff.) Having made arrange
ments with Mr. Taylor, 1 am prepared to do all work in
the very best style, at his office.
Nov. 27,1865. yl.
T)R. 11. WESTON, DENTIST. Office
JL/ in Patton's Block, over Barstow Gore's Diug
and Chemical S:ocs. ljanCti
AMERICAN HOTEL,
TOWANDA, PA.,
Having purchased this well known Hotel on Bridge
Street, 1 have refurnished and refitted it with every
convenience for the accommodation ot ail who may pat
me. No pains will be spared to make all pleas
am i,nd agreeable. J. S. PATTERSON , Prop.
Jfay J. 66.—tf. _
HOUSE, TOWANDA, PEN VA
Ot Main Street, near the Court House.
ft. T. SMITH, Proprietor.
Oct. 8, 1866.
SNYDER HOUSE, a four story brick ed
ifice near the depot, with large airy rooms, elegant
> ariors, newly turai-ned. has a recess in ntw addition
for Laiiea use, and is the most conv-nient and only
first class hrnel at Waverly. N. Y. It is the principal
office tor stages south and express. Also for sale ol
We-tern Tickets, and in Canada, on Grand Trunk Rail
way, tare to Detroit from Buffalo, $4, is cheaper than
auy oiher route. Apply lor tickets as above to
C. WARFORD.
**" Stabling and care of Horses at reasonable rates.
Waverly N. Y., 0ct.26,1866.-3m. C. W.
QROOERIES AND PROVISIONS,
WHOLESALE AND KKTAIL,
JOHN MEIiID ET H ,
Main st., first door south of Rail Road House, Towanda,
us just received a large addition to his stock of
GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS
lowest rates* B ° ld 81 wholesa!e and reUil , at C j very
farmer s Produce of ail kinds bought and sold,
stock wlucl IC a ' teaUuu 'S respectful ly invited to my
prices and wilM l U ' be Fresh, bought at low
Xowand. Jay low rates.
E. (>. GOODRICH, Publisher.
VOLUME XXVII.
ACT CMS RAIN.
Spell-bound, often have I listened,
To the wild and plaintive tone
Of the wind-harp in the forest,
Wailing for the loved and gone,
There's a sadness I've endeavored
To dispel, but all in vain,
As I listen to the moanings
Of the fitful autumn rain.
Gold and crimson leaves are falling
Thickly all about the ground,
And their rustle 'neath the footfall
Hath a melancholy sound.
Like the leaves our lives are fading,
Death will sometime come to all;
Youth and age alike are covered
With the gloomy funeral pall.
There's a sense of desolation,
Aud a thrill of almost pain,
That steals o'er me as I listen
To the wild, sad autumn rain,
I forget each joy or pleasure
Which my life had ever known,
And remember but the sorrows
Taat were in my pathway strown.
Dark and dreary seems the Future,
And the Present cola and chill,
And the patter of the rain drops
E'en my very heart doth thrill,
Oh! I love the rain of summer,
Falling in refreshing showers,
Waking earth to joyous beauty,
Cheering all the drooping dowers,
But when twilight shadows deepen,
Listening to the lonely strain
(Like an outcast spirit roving,)
Of the mournful autumn rain.
Ofttimes my heart grows weary,
As the shadows o'er me creep,
And I've felt a strange wild longing
For the last eternal sleep.
folitial
HO\t SIMON CAMERON U. S. SENATOR, AC.
MR. EDITOR :—ln your issue of Nov. 22d,
is an editorial favoring the election of Hon.
SIMON CAMERON to the U. S. Senate. The
successor of the recreant COWAN should be
characterized by breadth of comprehension,
firmness of will, a readiness to assume all
responsibilities dictated by passing emer
gencies, and his past record should be a
sure guarantee that he would be for the
Government against its betrayers, and a
friend to its friends against all their op
pressors. How nearly SIMON CAMERON ap
proaches this standard, let the following
extract from his Report as Secretary of
War in 1861 be taken in evidence. Bear
in mind, at that early date, to talk of eman
cipation was fanaticism with many, to ad
vise the arming of negroes was sacrilege
with more. But subsequent events vindi
cated the wisdom of the wise and stamped
with infamy the follies ot the fearful.
Extract From the Report of the Secretary of War,
Simon Cameron.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 1, 1861.
It has become a grave question for de
termination, what shall be done with the
Slaves abandoned by their owners on the
advance of our troops into Southern terri
tory, as in the Beaufort district of South
Carolina. The whole white population
therein is six thousand, while the number
of negroes exceed thirty-two thousand. The
panic which drove their masters in wild
contusion from their homes, leaves them in
undisputed possession of the soil. Shall
they, armed by their masters, be placed in
the field to fight against us, or shall their
labor be continually employed in reproduc
ing the means for supporting the armies
of rebellion?
The war into which this government has
been forced by rebellious traitors, is car
ried on for the purpose of repossessing the
property violently and treacherously seized
upon by the enemies of the Governmen,and
to re-establish the authority and laws of
the United States iD the places where it is
opposed or overthrown by armed insurrec
tion and rebellion. Its purpose is to recov
er and defend what is justly its own.
War, even between independent nations,
is made to subdue the enemy, and all that
belongs to the enemy, by occupying the
hostile country, and exercising dominion
over all the things within its territory.—
This being true in respect to independent
nations at war with each other, it follows
that rebels who are laboring by force of
arms to overthrow a government, justly
bring upon themselves all of the conse
quences of war, and provoke the destruc
tion merited by the worst of crimes. That
government would be false to national
trust, and would justly excite the ridicule
of the civilized world, that would abstain
from the use of any efficient means to pre
serve its own existence, or to overcome a
rebellious and traitorous enemy,by sparing
or protecting the property of those who
are waging war against it.
The principal power and wealth of the
: rebel States is a peculiar species of prop
l erty, consisting of the service or labor of
I African slaves, or the desceudents of Afri-
I cans. This property has been variously
| estimated at the value of from $100,000,-
I 000 to 1,000,000,000.
Why should this property be exempt
from the hazards aud consequences of a re
bellious war ?
It was the boast of the leader of the re
bellion, while he yet had a seat in the Sen
ate of the United States, that the Southern
States would be comparatively safe and
free from the burdens of war, if it should
be brought on by the contemplated rebell
ion, and that boast was accompanied by
the savage threat that " Northern towns
and cities would become the victims of ra
pine and military spoil," aud that "North
ern men should smell Southern gunpowder
aud feel Southern steel." No one doubts
the disposition of the rebels to carry that
threat into execution. The wealth of North
ern towns and cities, the produce of North
ern farms, Northern workshops and manu
factories, would certainly be seized, de
stroyed, or appropriated as military spoil.
No property in the North would be spared
from the hands of the rebels, and their ra
pine would be defended under the laws of
war. While the loyal States thus have all
TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., DECEMBER 6,18(56.
their property and possesion at stake, are
the insurgent rebels to carry on warfare
against the government in peace and secu
rity to their own property ?
Reason and justice and self-preservation
that such should be the policy of this Gov
ernment, but demand, on the contrary, that,
being forced by traitors and rebels to the
extremity of war, all the rights and pow
ers of war should be exercised to bring it
to a speedy end.
Those who make war against the Gov
ernment justly forfeit all rights ol proper
ty, privilege, or security, derived from the
Constitution and laws, against which they
are in armed rebellion ; and as the labor
and service of their Slaves constitute the
chief property of the rebels, such property
should share the common fate of war to
which they have devoted the property of
loyal citizens.
While it is plain that the Slave property
of the South is justly subjected to all the
consequences of this rebellious war, and
that the Government would be untrue to
its trust in not employing all the rights
and powers of war to bring it to a speedy
close, the details, of the plan for doing so,
like all other military measures, must, in a
great degree, be left to be determined by
particular exigencies. The disposition of
other property belonging to the rebels that
becomes subject to our arms is governed '
by the circumstances of the case. The Gov
ernment has no power to hold slaves, none i
to restrain a slave of his liberty, or to ex- j
act his service. It has a right, however, !
to use the voluntary service of Slaves lib-1
erated by war from their rebel masters,like
any other property of the rebels, in what
ever mode may be most efficient for the I
defence of the Government, the prosecu
tion of the war, and the suppression of the :
rebellion. It is as clearly a right of the !
Government to arm Slaves, when it may j
become necessary, as it is to use gun
powder taken from the enemy. Whether it
is expedient to do so is purely a military \
question The right is unquestionable by '
the laws of war. The expediency must be j
determined by circumstances, keeping in
view the great object of overcoming the j
rebels, re-establishing the laws, and restor- '
ing peace to the nation.
It is vain and idle for the Government to
! carry on this war, or hope to maintain its
existence against rebellious force, without
employing all the rights and powers of
war. As has been said, the right to de
prive the rebels of their property in slaves
and slave labor, is as clear and absolute,as
the right to take forage from the field, or
cotton from the warehouse, or powder and
arms from the magazine. To leave the en
emy in the possession of such property as
forage and cotton and military stores, and
the means of constantly reproducing them,
would be madness. It is, therefore, equal
madness to leave them in peaceful and se
cure possession of slave property, more val-:
uable and efficient to them for war, than ■
forage, cotton, and military stores. Such
policy would be national suicide. What to
do with that species of property, is a ques
tion that time and circumstance will solve,
and need not be anticipated further than to
repeat that they cannot be held by the
Government as slaves. It would be useless
to keep them as prisoners of war ; and
self-preservation, the highest duty of a gov
ernment, or of individuals, demands that
they should be disposed of or employed in
the most effective manner that will tend
most speedily to suppress the insurrection
and restore the authority of the Govern
ment. If it shall be found that the men
who have been held by the rebels as slaves
are capable of bearing arms and perform
ing efficient military service, it is the right,
and may become the duty, of the Govern
ment to arm and equip them, and employ
their services against the rebels, under
proper military command.
But in whatever manner they may be
used by the government, it is plain that,
once liberated by the rebellious act of their
masters, they should never again be re
stored to bondage. By the master's trea
son and rebellion he forfeits all right to the
labor and service of his slave ; and the
slave of the rebellious master, by his ser
vioe to the Government, becomes justly en
titled to freedom and protection.
RICH MEN'S SONS. —Henry Ward Beeeher,
in a sermon delivered at Plymouth Church,
produced the following picture of rich
men's sons :
Men seem ashamed of labor, and often, j
often you shall find men have made them- j
selves respected in labor, have built up a j
business and amassed a fortune/who turn :
to their sons and say : " You shall never '
do as I did ; you shall lead a different life ; j
you shall be spared ail this." O, these rich j
men's sons ! They aim to lead a life of el- j
egant leisure, and that is a life of emascu
lated idleness and laziness. Like the polyp |
that fioats useless and nasty upon the sea, j
all jelly and flabby, no muscle, no bone—
it shuts and opens, opens and shuts, and
sucks and squirts out again, of no earthly
account, influence or use. Such are these
poor fools. Their parents toiled and grew
strong, built up their frames of iron and of
bone ; but, denying all this to their sons,
they turn them upon the world boneless,
muscleless, simple grizzle, and soft at that.
ANECDOTE OF DANIEL WEBSTER. —The fol
lowing new anecdote of the " Godlike " is
taken from Frazer's Magazine :
" At the political dinners, of which Web
ster was rather fond, he almost invariably
became tipsy before his speech time arrived ;
and some of his most admirable after-dinner
speeches were the composition of friendly
reporters. On one occasion he had to be
prompted by a friend, who sat just behind
him, and gave him successively phrases
and topics. The speech proceeded some
what after this fashion ; "Tariff." Webster,
"The tariff, gentlemen, is a subject requir
ing the profound attention of the statesman.
American industry, gentlemen, must be—'
(nods a little). Promoter, 'National Debt.'
Webster, 'And, gentlemen, there's the na
tional debt—it shonld be paid,(loud cheers,
which rouse the speaker) yes, gentlemen, it
should be paid (cheers) and d—d if it shan't
be-(takiug out his pocket book)-I'll pay it
myself 1 How much is it ?' Tnis last ques
tion was asked of a gentleman near him,
with drunken seriousness,and coupled with
the recollection of the will known impecun
iosity of Webster's pocket book, excited
roars of laughter, amidst which the orator
sunk into his seat and was soonaaleep."
REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER
A PURE DEMOORAOY.
But lew people in this country have any
' just conception of what a pare democracy
| is, or how laws are passed in countrias
governed by that system. A correspon
j dent of the New York Observer, now in that
country, gives us the following interesting
I account:
So ignorant was I of the forms of govern
j rneut existing in this part of the world, I
' did not know that six out of the twenty
two Cantons, or States of Switzerland, are
purely democratic iu their government. It
is true that this is modified, in a measure,
by their confederation with the others, anil
that they have delegated to their general
government the power of declaring war,
coining money and regulating a system of
mails. And, by the way, postage is cheap
er in Switzerland than any country I was
ever in ; five centimes, or one cent of our
money, conveying a letter anywhere with
in the country, and, in all the villages and
cities, delivering it at the residence of the
receiver. These several Cantons are, in oth
er matters, independent of each other, and,
in times long past, have had fearfully
bloody wars among themselves. St. Galf
is at the foot of the hill five miles below
me, and is in canton of that name. Up here
lam in Canton Appenzell. The road down
the hill has run with blood, like water, in
the fights between the people of these two
Cantons. They are at peace now, but from
lather to son is handed down the story of
the warß.
This Canton, containing a population of
about 50,000, is a simple democracy, aud
as primitive and pure as ever could have
i existed in the earliest days of Greece or
Rome, before an oligarchy or a monarchy
I was known. Here the people, all the males
over eighteen years old, actually a>semble,
| personally, and in one place, to choose the
necessary officers, and to make their own
laws. This popular meeting is held in April
j every year, and on Sunday always.
On that day there is 110 preaching in any
| church in the Canton, except the one where
' the election is held. All the ministers come
1 with the people. At the close of the moru
-1 iug service, the election is opened by pray
er, aud then the people proceed to the dis
i charge of this serious duty, the act of their
; individual sovereignty. Every man wears
1 a sword by his side, a token of his being a
| freeman ; for, centuries ago, when serfdom
prevailed, only freemen could vote, and
they wore swords. Now all wear swords
on election day, for all are free.
The Canton is not so large but that they
can all come and return in the same day,
and, for the most part, they come on foot.
It is expected that they will all come. Aud
where the power of voting is equally dis
tributed in this way, and every man feels
that he is an equal part of the government,
there is little danger of any one's staying
away, who is physically able to come.—
Tbey meet sometimes in one place, and
sometimes in another, but mostly in this
village of Trogen, on the pubUe square.—
Here a platform is erected, anil the officers
chosen last year conduct the proceedings.
The landeman, or chief, presides, and the
clerk announces the name of any one nom
inated for public office. All in favor hold
up their right hands. All opposed then do
the same. If there is any doubt, a count
would be resorted to, but that is never nec
essary. Office is not sought with any great
rapacity, and the people are not divided in
to parties fighting for the spoils. The sev
eral officers thus elected are charged with
the execution of the laws. A council is ap
pointed, which meets, from time to time, in
the State House here, and consults in re
gard to the internal affairs of the Canton.
If any new legislation is necessary, they
frame the law, put it into print, and a copy
of it is then placed in every house in the
entire Canton. It is not yet a law ; it is
thus distributed that the people, who are
the law-makers, may examine it, talk it
over among themselves and make up their
minds as to its expediency. If is of import
ance sufficiently pressing to require imme
diate action, a meeting of the people may
be held four weeks after the law has been
proposed ; but generally this is avoided
by having the me .sures submitted to the
mas- meeting, and they vote for or against
it, by the uplifted hand. As ample time
has been given to the people to discuss the
matter, there is no call tor long speeches,
nor would they be tolerated by an assem
bly that was bound to break up and get
home the same I ight. And the laws thus
adopted are put in force by the magistrates
appointed by the popular vote, and often at
the same time that the laws themselves are
adopted.
Among the principal cares of such offi
cers must be the construction and repairs
of the highways. 0 that otir American peo
ple would send a commission of their
country pathmasters over here ! Within the
last four years two of these Cantons, not so
large, and not a tenth—no, not a twentieth
part so rich as Westchester and Dutchess
Counties, in New York, have built a road
along the eastern side of Lake Lucerne,
that would do honor to Napoleon in the
days of his mightiest power. For miles it
is cut into the edge of solid rock, which
makes the bed of the road, and a parapet ;
sometimes it is tunneled, and once a tun
nel with window looking out on the lake.
All the main roads are like those in Central
Park. All are made by the voluntary., self
imposed taxation of a hard-working people.
| And so far as I can judge, or learn, this
| community, so governed, is as happy as
any other. Whatever good government
1 can do for a people is done for this, and the
people do it for themselves. *
Here is a problem for our study. The
greatest curse we labor under in America,
as things go at present, is the universal
suffrage which gives the control of our
elections to the demagogue, and the igno
rant, vicious and venal populace at his
heels. If the evil is not greater here, there
is reason for it. If a republic rests on the
; virtue and intelligence of its people, even
j more dependent is a pure democracy like
j this. And here is the secret of it. As there
would be no need of government if all men
were perfect, aud as the best form of gov
; ernrnent is the divine, a despotism, or the
I power of one, when that one is perfect; so
| the people, if intelligent and virtuous, will
govern themselves wisely and well. Switz
erland is an enlightened country, aud prob
ably as moral a people as any other. By
law every child is required to attend school
from three to four years every day till he
is twelve years old, aud a certain number
Jof hours every week afterwards till he is
sixteen. This makes education a necessi
ty, unless the children are incompetent to
learn. And there is an enthusiasm on the
subject of education surprising even to an
American. The various grades of schools
meet the wants of all, and fit the young for
any department of life's great work. In
this village the Oantonial College, or High
School, is located. Any parent may send
his son here from any part of the Cantou,
and he is educated at a trifling expense. —
Young men go from this school, at once, in
to mercantile employment in Asia, in
France, England and America. And there
are pupils in it from India, from Smyrna,
from South America, Mexico, and New
York. I haard a trampling in the street
last evening, and, looking out of my win
dow, saw a host of boys marching by, I
learned by inquiry, that they were a school
of 120, —making a pedestrian tour through
a part of their native country, Switzerland.
Accompanied by their teachers, they thus
walk day after day, getting health and
knowledge and fun, for they make play of
it as they go. Early in the morning I was
awakened by hearing them agaiu. They
had been lodged, how I know not, at the
iuns in the village,—and now at three
o'clock, A. M. (for I looked at my watch,)
they were up and off. Just then they
struck up one of their merry sougs,and ser
enaded the sleeping villager < as they took
their leave. And even now, while lam
writing these lines, I am called to the win
dow to look out again, and here is a large
school of girls, some of thom small, and
other young ladies grown, making a pedes
trian tour. Both of these companies are
three or four days journey from their
homes. They will be absent, perhaps a
week or a fortnight. And they will be
wiser, healthier, and happier for their tour.
I mention these pleasant incidents to
show the interest which teachers, parents
and pupils must take in the business of ed
ucation, when the school is thus made a
part of pleasure, as well as the labor, of
the young. Perhaps our teachers at home
might take a leaf out of this Swiss chapter
and put it into their own system. Nor is
the moral culture of the young neglected.
Far, very far from it. These schools are
not godless schools. Religious instruction
is not legislated out of education in this
country. In this Canton they are nearly
all Protestants. But in St. Gall, where
they are nearly equally divided, the Ro
manists have their own schools and the
Protestants have theirs, both supported by
the same system, and working harmonious
ly,so far as any co-operation is required, but
kept distinctly in the matter of instruction.
And it is not likely that the same kind of
moral and religious teaching is imparted
as would be most pleasing to our American
evangelical idea of what is necessary to be
a Christian. This is not the business of
the State to do. But it is the duty of the
State to require in its teachers the ability,
and to exact of them the duty to impart to
all the children of the State such moral and
religious instruction as is essential to a
good citizen. That is what they get here.
And that is what they cannot get in the
public schools of America.
Thus have I shown two grand reasons
why democracy works better here than
even a modified democracy, a- democratic
republic, does with you. The people are
compelled by their own laws, to attend
school till they are sixteen yeais old, and
they are carefully instructed in the princi
ples of religion. Tims knowledge aud vir
tue are recognized, by law, as the founda
tion of public order. God is acknowledged
in all the operations of government, aud
peace, prosperity and happiness are the re
sult. IRE.V.ECS.
FRESH AIR.
How few of us kuow the importance of a
supply of fresh air ! We willfully keep out
the floods of that sunlight which is neces
sary to the health of our bodies, and the
deprivation of which is perhaps the great
est source of scrofula and all diseases of
which it is the origin ; but, as if to brjug
into full development, all the maladies thus
created, we deprive ourselvesof the air
of heaven, the pabulum which is the sup
port of all nature, animal aud vegetable.
The same contrivances, construted to pre
vent a ray of the sun gaining access to our
dwellings are generally sufficient to keep
out fresh air also. But these are not
enough in all cases to injure our health suf
ficiently, and so we devise other methods to
accomplish our objects more effectually.—
We shut up our houses tightly, not only to
keep the sun from coming in at the windows
but we do the same on the north side of our
dwellings. Many of our people never open
their doors and windows except when driv
en to do so by the melting heat ; but in the
cooler portions of the year every opening is
closed except in the morning when the house
is "'dusted out," At this time the windows
are opened for a Jew minutes while the dust
is suffocating, but when enough has been
driven out by the wind to make breathing
just possible,down go the sashes,as if there
were a pestilence in the atmosphere. The
fires are replenished,and owing to the waut
of draught or the impurity of the air in the
room, burn but feebly, and their fumes of
sulphureted hydrogen and carbonic acid
gas fill the atmosphere of the room with a
still larger quautits of poison, and at night
the carburetted hydrogen of the gaslights
infect the air still more.
It is strange that with our lungs filled
with dust and poisonous vapors, and gas
ses from the very impure exhalations aris
ing from several human bodies sitting to
gether, is it strange, we say that we should
complain of headache and geueral debility.
And then again, what little air is admit
ted is but too often poisoned before it reach
es the door or windotv, and beariug evi
dence that in its passage it has come under
the corrupting influence of the cesspool or
the filth of our streets and gutters.
In additiou to all this, how many are
yearly killed by the supposition in regard
to the night air—that it is unhealthful ! If
perchance, a window should be fouud open
at the approach of night, it is carefully let
down, and the consequence is that the air
of the chamber uext morning is stifliug.—
We complain of feverishness when we
awake, and of headache, lassitude and hor
rid dreams, all of which we could easily ac
count for were we to reflect that for eight
hours we had been breathing poison. This
poison is the more potent, the more per
-1 sous occupy the same room.
per Annum, in Advance.
EXTRAORDINARY HISTORY.
LOUISA DLACKMAN's STOBY AS BELATED BY ILEE.SELF.
[From the Pittsburg Gazette.]
On Saturday there arrived in our city
from Indianapolis, a person possessing a
history so remarkable in its way, that but
few individuals in any region or any time,
have furnished the parallel to it. Indeed
we doubt if any record is known of exper
iences similar in their cause, progress and
results, to the experiences of the person of
whom we speak. She is a young girl not
yet seventeen, rather delicate than robust
in physique ; possessing a high degree of
intelligence ; having manners at once mod
est and winning ; aud before the terrible
ordeal through which, far from scathless,
she has come, was gifted with more beauty
of form and feature, than usually falls to
the lot of womanhood, even at seventeen.
Yet this beautiful girl has gone through
a terrible and sharp experience, the mere
contemplation of which would make the
bravest and hardiest pioneer tremble, ap
palled, and which might safely be promised
to kill the toughest hunter of the Rocky
Mountains or the African juugles.
Our readers certainly remember the ex
traordinary case of Louisa Blackman (or
Blackburn, as the name was erroneously
spelled in the papers at the time of the
occurrence), who last winter was found
horribly frozen near a hay stack, in Law
rence county, in this State, and whose ac
count of her sufferings for months previ
ous to being found, was published through
out the country, and excited universal com
ment. This girl, on Saturday afternoon,
arrived in the city, and is now stopping at
the Eagle Hotel, on the corner of Second
and Ross streets. We have received the
story of her remarkable sufferings from
her own lips since she arrived in the city,
and the facts, as related by her, are sub
stantially as follows :
In the year 1860, Thomas Blackman, the
father of Louisa, was living with his fami
ly at Jefferson City, Missouri, whither he
had removed from Joliet, Illinois. Black
man was strongly predisposed to Mormon
ism, his father having lived in that faith
for the last few years of his life, and died
in it at last. At length, yielding to his in
clinations and the persuasions of others,
Blackman determined to become a "Saint,"
and in the autumn of 1866, took his family
and started with several other families for
Salt Lake City. They reached the chief
city of Mormondom at length, and eventu
ally Thomas Blackman was received into
the Church of Brigham Young. Sorely
against the wishes and expostulations of
his wife and three daughters the new con
vert adopted the social customs of his new
belief aud added another wife to his house
hold. This new state of things was endur
ed by the first wife and his children as
long as possible, but at length the indigni
ties practiced upon them, and the outra
geous observances surrounding them on
every hand, became intolerable, and they
determined to escape from this empire of
corruption to the bounds of civilization.
Accordingly, in the month of April, 1862,
having braved the abominations of Mor
mondom tor a year and a ha f, they prepar
ed to brave the horrors of the wilderness
as an escape.
One night, in the month mentioned,
when circumstances favored, they passed
the sentinels surrounding the city and en
tered the wilderness. They were accom
paned at the start by a Mrs. Ward, who
proposed to escape with them. This un
fortunate woman, however, was soon re-
I captured and suffered the penalty affixed,
by Mormon law, to the crime of attempting
to escape—was hung. Mrs. Blackmau
and her three daughters kept on rapidly
for that night and a portion of the next
day, until they reached a rocky cave known
as the "Lion's Mouth," some thirty miles
from the city. There they lay hid for sev
eral days until they judged the heat of the
pursuit was over and they started out
again Louisa states that while they re
mained concealed in the cave, they more
than once heard the baying of the blood
hounds of the pursuers. They struck out
now across the plain, proposing to reach
some point of civilization on the other side
of the mighty desert. Think of a woman
and three helpless girls with only such
food as they could in a bundle, with
no sufficient knowledge of the country be
fore them, with no guide to direct or coun
sel them, and with only the strength of
feeble womanhood to defend them from the
multiplied horrors of their fearful journey,
undertaking a passage that men accom
| plish only in strong and thoroughly equipp-
I ed parties !
These woman undertook this journey.
Of their progress and the unimaginable
sufferings they endured, there is only one
who knows anything, and that is Louisa,
the single survivor of the feeble party.
She states that when they had been some
three month; of their journey her yourg
esf sister, a girl of some thirteen, died of
starvation and exhaustion. A week later
the elder sister, aged about fourteen, also
died—starved to death. Louisa was strong
er, healthier and more robust than the
others, and the hardships of the journey
made less impression on hex.
Leaving the corpses of the dead girls up- j
on the plain, the mother and her one child j
continued on their weary way of increas
ing terrors. Their little stock of food had
been exhausted in the first few days, and
they could get nothing but such precarious
subsistance as the prairie afforded. They
had brought plenty of money with them,
but what mines of gold would it not have
taken to purchase a meal in the midst of
that world of desolation ! They had bro't
a bow and arrow with them.and with these
they killed an occasional bird tyr gopher,
which they devoured raw. Now and then,
also, they encountered some edible roots.
These were their feasts, with intervals of
days in length between. Ak length,
j some two mouths after the death of her
I children, Mrs. Blackmau also lay down aud
j died, first making Louisa promise that she
! would continue her journey and endeavor
j to reach "the States.''
Louisa, alone now, continued to follow
the Indian trail, living as heret fore, till at
last she fell in with a party of Fox Indians,
who took charge of aud clothed aud fed
her,treating her with the greatest kindness,
and conducting her to a white settlement
about one hundred aud fifty miles this side
of the Rocky Mountains. This post was
reached by Louisa some nine months from
' the time of the commencement of her horri
ble journey. She tarried here, aud when
she became strong, went to Jefferson City,
and last winter left her Liends there aud
traveled—this time with n > i untie accom
paniments —to Mount Jackson, Lawrence
county, in this State, where a family she
formerly knew had resided, an ! with whom
she hoped to get employment. This family
had removed, but Louisa was referred to a
family who would probably give her work.
She reached the house of this family near
evening on a bitter cold day in January,
1866. The family on whom she called did
not need help, but directed her to a house
where she was sure of work. It was al
most dark, aud a blinding sleet was driv
ing, but Louisa, declining an invitation to
stay all night started for this other house.
She had not gone far before she had lost
her way. The cold benumb *d her and she
felt the drowsiness of freezing people. At
length she sat down by a tree and fell
asleep. She slept, but did not die. In the
morning she awoke with her limbs so fro
zen that she could not move. The sun thaw
ed her partially, and she managed to crawl
a little way out of the woods iuto which
she had wandered. She reached a haystack
on the farm of Mr. Davidson, but could go
no further. She was too far away from the
house to make herself heard, and crowded
herself up as closely as possible to the hay
stack, where she lay in agony until night.
At night the sheep gathered close about her
and kept her a little warm, but during that
night she became insensible with the cold,
and,as was ascertained after she was found,
she lay for twenty-three days beside the
haystack. She was insensible during the
entire time, and probably would have fro
zen entirely to death but Lr the sheep who
partially protected her at night. Her des
ert experience had prepared her to do with
out food, and this, together with her insen
sibility, saved her from utter starvation.
One morning a little boy hunting rabbits
discovered the insensible girl and gave the
alarm. When found she was lying on her
left side, her dress, her arm, her hair, and
the right side of her face being frozen to
the ground. She was carried to Mr. David
sou's house and such restoratives as possi
ble applied. Her right foot was so badly
frozen that it dropped off at the ankle. An
examination of her other foot showed the
necessity of amputation,and both legs were
taken off tour inches below the knee. After
four or five weeks of insensibility she com
menced to recover, and although she was
horribly frozen ii various parts of her body,
she recovered with the loss of her feet and
her left eye.
Since her recovery she has been kindly
cared for by the authorities aud citizens of
Mount Jackson. Last week she went to
Indianapolis, partly to 6ee if artificial limbs
could be fitted to hers and partly to obtain
employment. She failed in both objects,aud
on Saturday came here and was taken by
Mr. Fortune to the Eagle Hotel where she
still remains.
NUMBER 28.
We have given her story as she gave it
to us. It is almost incredible, but she tells
it with a truthful air that almost compels
belief. Perhaps her great sufferings have
confused the events in her mind, so as to
distort them and make them seem to her
different from what they were, but she evi
dently believes her own story.
UNITED STATES SENATOR.
The-election advertised in Franklin coun
ty, came off a few days ago, and termina
ted, as we predicted, in a miserable farce.
It seems that one or two wire-pulling poli
ticians in that locality took it upon them
selves to choose a United States Senator, by
giving instructions to the Representatives
of that district. But with all their efforts,
only about seven hundred out of more than
four thousand Republican votes were polled,
viz : 473 for Curtin and 283 against him.—
Three thousand and five hundred Republi
cans in the county took no part in the mat
ter. They had elected their representatives
knowing them to be honest, upright and in
dependent, and they are now willing to
trust the matter in their hands.
The same shallow scheme, we learn, is
also tp be tried by a few busybodies in Erie
county, to tie the hands of Hon. Morrow B.
Lowry, of the State Senate. But they will
assuredly fail, for Mr. Lowry has the cour
age to follow his own convictions of right,
and the ability to maintain his position.
From all that we can gather from our ex
changes, and the kuown preference of a
number belonging to both branches of the
Legislature, we regard the probabilities as
being in favor of Gen. Simon Cameron for
the U. S. Senatorship. Gen. Cameron has
been our standard-bearer in victory and de
feat, at times when there was no hope for
any other, aud now, when the choice of a
Republican is certain, the considerate mas
ses of the party feel that the honor belongs
to him. As a citizen of Pennsylvania, he
has done much to develope her resources.—
Ever true to the interests and the honor of
the State, he has long been recognized as
the champion of Protection to Home Indus
try, and all that tends to elevate the mas
ses. As a member of Lincoln's Cabinet, la;
exhibited the highest qualities of American
statesmanship. He seemed to grasp tlie
situation in all its magnitude, and almost
to see the end from the beginning, and had .
his counsel then been followed, millions o!
treasure and thousands of precious lives
would have been saved to the country -
And to-day he has the proud satisfaction to
see the sentiments he then uttered bec<nm
popularized, the ideas he then advanced be
come the cardinal principles of the Goven
meut, and eagerly espoused by the men
timid politicians who now aspire to nation
al honors. The Representatives of the pt
pie have not forgotten that the course in
which he then boldly led the way, has since
been adopted as a fundamental principle in
the science of popular government, and
that the predictions of Gen. Cameron, in
1801, have long since ripened into history
But we speak not alone of his claims to
public honors. We speak in behalf of tin
State and the country at large. The cou:
try has a right to the services of her wisest
and best statesmen; more especially in times
i of public dauger, or when great problems
| are to be solved. The vital interests of the
! country now demand the services of the
J most experienced and tried Statesman of
I known and unfaltering devotion to the doc
trines r>f the majority. This is no tinn '<>
\.try the abilities of those irho have had no e<-
! perience in national legislation.- -Montour
! American.
I "MOTHER, can Igo aud have my daguer
j reotype taken?" "No, I guess it isn't worth while."
j "Well, then, you might let me go anil have a tooth
! pulled, I never go any where."
A miserly old farmer who had lost one of
i his best hands in the midst ot hay-making, remau
' ed to the sexton, as ho was filling up the grave :
| "It's a sad thing to lose a goo<l mower at a time
: like this : but, after all, poor Tom was a great ea
| ter."
TnE show-window of a certain corse ..-ma
ker exhibits a singular instance of illiterate diction,
tin a card appears the following sentence : "All
i kinds of ladies stays here."
• *
I NOBODY likes to be nobody ; but every
body is pleased to think himself somebody. And
j everybody is somebody; but, when anybody thinks
j himself to be somebody, be generally thinks every
body else to be nobody.