> [IM . ,F PUBLICATION. 1 Bis published every Thursday Mor- Vr>K:j> ■ THF BE K F °O (JOODBICH, nt $2 per annum, in ad ■rino- k£AIENTS exceeding fifteen lines are 0LI) 1 U ' V f: T v>- CENTS per lino for first insertion, i rifJ per line for subsequent insertions lin K 0r,., ■ J 'TLYvs inserted before Marriages and ° U *! übe charged FIFTEEN CENT, per line for ,'cTtion All resolutions of Associations; fl "Rations of Umited or individual interest, . of Marriages and Deaths exceeding five * arc charged TEN CENTS per line. 1 1 Year - 6 mo ' ?oA ed ed <* * ■ a." Column,... ■ . - -* dj 15 ■ Lost and Found, and oth- I [ ivt rtisements, not exceeding 15 lines, '° "''B ■ iSstiWs Executor's Notices.. .2 00 ■ '• v.\ s Notices z H; ; y.. Cards, five lines, (per year) 500 I .y. . a ts and others, advertising their business Wred S2O. They will be entitled to 4 confined exclusively to their business, with uii. If *7O vf change aiity Sg v . i in all cases exclusive of sub fi rija to the paper. I i, HUNTING- of every kind in Plain and Fan good ■ rj j on e with neatness and dispatch. Hand- Kuor" I/ uks. Cards, Pamphlets, &e., of every va -1 style, printed at the shortest notice. The ' )BTEIT OFFICE has just been re-fitted with Power and everything in the Printing line can [ in the most artistic manner and at the H drates. TERMS INVARIABLY CASH. pratlfcrtl ftarcta:. DV ; H I'IIE TOWAKDA COAL REGION. ■ ;t is now just ten years siuce the Barclay ■/: Road was completed, and we think it I j be well to place on record before they H > in-gotten, the principal facts, derived i'" 1 '" 1 H ,i authentic sou ices, in regard to the ■ - ry of the coal region on the Towanda | ' uutain. an ® The tirst discovery of coal in this region ; J, hy the oldest inhabitants, to have i made in the bed of Coal Run at Bar- B .. where the old Gatiss Opening was B wards made, the out-crop being ex j > SJH l by the action of the water. This s in the year 1812, and the discoverer a hunter named ABNHR or ABSALOM I The land belonged to ROBERT BAR- I , of London, England, who owned a i B y large body, consisting of fifty-one i.-ts, and containing, in all, nearly twen- I , thousand acres, extending westward of B- point- where the coal was discovered. :AP,B .in: ay had owned this land ever since the s- Bar 17*34, and on his death, in 1830, he B-ii'viscil it to his son, CHARLES BARCLAY, who I.a Oct -her, 1553,I 5 53, sold the whole of these Bl iods to EDWARD OVERTON, of Towauda, OP .1 Ezvaud EDWARD M. DAVIS, of Phila aiiia, Air eighty thousand dollars in : n ii.es had been opened by HENRY vvho had purchased of BARCLAY the ;ce i giit of a farm, where Barclay vil n v is, and coal had been mined and ' in> ; 9 ■ i ,v him, lor the owner, for a number of aid ■ ' i 1 u i.ich was principally taken away in | ~ 1!J l 'ie winter, over a road that was Lll H i st impassable for wagons. Several huu thtH '.'is per annum of the coal were car tiiefl : : il m this way, some of it even as far j'jH atitaiica, N. Y., where it was exchanged -ait. The blacksmiths about Owego Binghamton, were also supplied, as - KB-. us those of Bradford county. Much I: : v.*.is also used for domestic purposes. I Mes were conveyed to the Trustees of the " hr.ulcr Land Company. I Ine Barclay Rail Road, from the Canal lit in wand a to the coal region, was eur ■Hl r, yod in the summer of 1854, put under G9 "tract, and the work commenced in the of 1855, and completed in the fall of ■ Mr. OVERTON was the President of ■ 1 Company up to this period, GEO. R. ■ 'at Treasurer and Secretary, T. T. W IER v the Chief Engineer, and V. E. A, J. E. B ■ - ' the Contractors, at the gross sum six thousand dollars per mile for the ■ fling and bridging. The iron was made 9 the Rough and Ready Iron Works at I .ville —it cost only fifty dollars per ton .1 •'!■! proved to be of a pretty good quality. H I'iie rail-road is sixteen-and-a-qnarter 9 s long, including a gravity, or, self -9 mting inclined plane, which is half a mile I ''Dg, and which overcomes an elevation of L'i feet. The fourteen and a half miles of x ! road, between Towanda and the foot of y Plane, overcomes an elevation of six I undred and seventy-six feet, or about one t!f the whole difference o£ elevation be | tween the river and the coal. There is a 'J - in t road of a mile and a quarter above If the Plane, which runs up sixty-eight feet, i t and the coal schutes are eighty feet high, making the coal thirteen hundred feet f above the river at Towauda. Eriie first boat load of coal was shipped from Towanda by canal October 10th, 1850, and the shipments to the close of uaviga ti'in, amounted to 2,205 tons. In January, 1857, Mr. OVERTON, having I - hi nearly all his interest in the company, ■ R - GEO. 11. OAT, of Philadelphia, was elec- I t.•■! President, and he has held the office for I m arly ten years, till the present time, ex- I c- pting for a few months in 1801, when Mr. ELY served in tliat capacity. JAMES !M ACFARI.ANE was appointed General Super intendent in February, 1857, and had the entire charge of all the company's busi ":'Sß for more than eight years—the Presi ' nt and Directors living in Philadelphia, and only occasionally visiting the property. •' mf.S M. WARD has been General Superin- I'-ndent for the last year and a half, since Mr. MACFARI.ANE has had charge of the To wanda Coal Company's business. In the spring of 1857, the Barclay Com pany had made extensive preparations for E. O. GOODRICH, Publisher. VOLUME XXVII. doing a large business, but a freshet in May carried away a dam in the Chemung River near the State Line, and owing to a series of freshets, it was not rebuilt until Sep tember 20th, and it was again carried away on the 11th of November, thus affording fifty-two days of navigation during the height of the memorable financial panic of 1857, which was anything but a favora ble time lor an infant Coal Company to commence business. The following year was one of great de- I pression in all kinds of business, and the canal was not put in navigable order until the 14th of July. Tiie following table shows the statistics of the coal trade during the ten years : . , . ~j : r rp j^7 2 - "S L. : • §, j § : 2 § 8 a I a _• > .& fl . a j~ 1 ® 1 aa o v** O j j H 185(5 October . .1(5 December. 1 421 55j 2,295 1857 September 20 Novem'oer. 11 j 52 120! (5,265 1858 July 14 November. 27j 13Gi 129 17,560 1859 May 12 December. 6 207; 145j 30.1G3 1860 May 7;November.241 159j lG3j 27,718 1861 May 7 December. 3; 178' 229j 40,835 1862iMay 8 December. C 213 248J 52,779 1863\May 11! December. 5 ! 202 270; 54,535 1864 May 24' December. 6, 196; 316 62,058 1865 June 24 December. 161 1731 4221 73,197 1866; May 28! I ! Est. 100,000 Total shipments from the region '467,385 The business of the Fall Greek Bitumi nous Coal Company for 1565, 10,930 tons, and that of the Towanda Coal Company for that year 7,800 tons, are included in the above. During the present year an equal quantity will be shipped by each company by an arrangement among themselves, which will be about 33,000 tons to each. The Barclay Compauy have one hundred good houses, one hundred and fifty coal cars and four locomotives. THE FALL CREEK COAL AND IRON COMPANY was organized in July, 1804, opened their mines, built their works and prepared to ship coal in the spring of 1805. Its name was afterwards changed to the "Fall Creek Bituminous Coal Co. Mr. GEORGE C. FAR RAR, an extensive coal dealer in New York City is its President, and Mr. WILLIAM M. MALLORY General Superintendent. ELISHA A. PACKER, and several other capitalists, all of New York City, are the stock-holders. Their lands are situated east of the Barclay lands, or between them and Towanda, they contain about three thousaud acres and e tend across the Schrader Creek, nearly to the summit of the mountain opposite the Barclay, or, Towanda Mountain. This com pany has 112 houses, a tram road, coal schutes, and one hundred coal cars. Mr. PACKER, and others, interested in the Fall Creek Bituminous Coal Company, also own a much larger body of lands situated south and cast of the above, extending as far south-east as the South, or, Fowler Branch of the Tow .nda Creek, and contain ing some fifteen thousand six hundred acres, but wc do not know that they are organ ized under any corporate name. These lands, and those of the Fall Creek Compa ny, formerly belonged to WILLIAM H. WIND ER, and others, and were commonly called the Winder Lands. The TOWANDA COAL COMPANY purchased their lands, which contain one thousand and ninety acres, from the Schrader Land Com pany, in January, 1865. They are situated north of the Barclay Company's land, and between them and the brow of the moun tain, next Towanda Creek. The old Frank lin wagon road runs through the middle of the tract. This company consists of JERVIS LANGDON, of Elmira, who is President, Dr. EDWIN ELDRIDGE, HENRY W. RATHBONE, ALEX, S. DIYF.N, E. P. BROOKS, GEO. M. DIVEN, ALEXANDER DIYEN, all of Elmira, the latter being Treasurer, and JAMES MACFARI.ANE, of Towanda, who is General Superintendent. They have 73 houses, a tram road, leading to the Barclay rail-road, coal schutes, and one hundred coal cars. They have also erected extensive works at Chemung, N. Y., for supplying the Erie Railway with coal, by trans-shipping it from the canal, and through Messrs. ELDRIDGE and RATHBONE they have intimate relations with the El mira Rolling Mill, which is one of the larg est consumers of this kind of coal in that state. The coal of the Fall Creek ami Towanda Coal Companies is carried to Towanda by the Barclay Coal Company, over their rail road, at a stipulated price, each company furnishing their own cars, and each has its own boats on the canal. The Barclay Coal Company own a fine basin at Towanda, with excellent facilities for shipping coal. The heirs of DAVID CASII, Esq., late of 1 owanda, deceased, own a large body of some two thousand acres of land adjoining and east of the Fall Creek Company's lauds, on which the existence of the coal veins of the Barclay region has been proved, but the mine has never been extensively work ed. The stok of the SCHRADER LAND COMPANY which was formerly owned in Philadelphia, changed hands about a year ago, and is now held principally by parties connected with the new rail-road now in process of construction along the Susquehanna river, among whom are Hon. ASA PACKER, of Mauch Chunk, and others of the Lehigh \ alley 1 vail Road Company. WILLIAM REED, of New York, is the President, C L. W ARD, Esq., of i owanda, is the Treasurer and Secretary, and several parties in To wanda hold stock. The situation of their lands is described above, lying west of the TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., NOVEMBER 15,1866. Barclay Company's lauds, and they are known to contain three several bodies or fields of coal, two of which have been open ed, and RIIOW a vein of coal of unusual thickness. But the property is still in a state of nature, the mines not having been worked, no houses or coal works built, and the rail-road does not yet extend to the lands. There has never been any coal discover ed in Bradford County, except on the high est summits of the Towanda Mountain, a spur of the Alleghauies, lying between the main Towanda Creek and the Schrader, or, Middle Branch, of that stream, and the above six parties own the whole of it, only three of whom arc mining and shipping coal, viz : the Barclay, Towanda, and Fall Creek Coal Companies. Beginning at the nearest to Towauda, near the point, or end, of the mountain, and going westward, the several bodies of laud are situated in the following order : Ist, Cash's heirs. 2d, Elisha A. Packer, and others. 3d, Fall Creek Bituminous Coal Company. 4th, The Towanda Coal Com pany. sth, The Barclay Coal Company, and Gth, The Schrader Land Company. But as this whole region is a pathless wilderness, without improvements, or even roads, —except about the mines—and unex plored, it is not unlikely that large discov eries of coal may, hereafter, be made. The mountain called " Burnet's Ridge," —on the opposite side of the Schrader Creek from Barclay,—is thus described by Prof. WALTER R. JOHNSON, an eminent geol ogist, in his report : "On the southern side of the creek, between that stream and the Millstone Run, is a district, which, so far as the indications of the surface can be relied on, will probably be found more val uable than any other which I have seen Its greatest elevation is almost identical with that of the coal deposits, and every rock found on the north side of the stream is also observable on the south side." Ow ing, however, to the quantity of earth with which the rocks are concealed, it will be more expensive to make explorations. JAMES MACFARI.ANE, of Towanda, owns one thousand acres on the highest part of Bur net's Ridge, directly -opposite Barclay, and adjoining the Fall Creek Company's lauds, which he offers for sale, and this is the on ly land in the region now in the market, except that owned by Mr. CASH'S heirs. It is well known that the great difficulty in the coal business, in this region, has been the want of transportation at times whe it was most needed. For several years, when the canal was new, it was very leaky and subject to frequent breaks. When prices of coal were high, and the demand good, boats, being also in demand, were very scarce. The working capital of the only Rail Road and Coal Company was limited ; for eight years there was but one locomo tive, and not a sufficient number of cars, and the road was consequently without ca pacity to do any larger business than was done. The quality of the coal, however, was good, it sold at prices equal to that ob tained for any other similar coal, and it has earned for itself a good position in the mar ket, throughout the State of New York, for blacksmithing, rolling mills and steam pur poses. In the meantime, however, the trade in a similar kind of coal, in the Blossburg, or, j more properly, the Fall Brook and Morris Run coal region, in Tioga county, only about twenty-five miles west of the Barclay region, and the same distance from market as the Barclay, had rapidly increased, as will appear by the following comparative statement of the quantities shipped from the Barclay and Blossburg regions : : : I if II ; 1 : g> ■ £ ■£ I • Js -2 £ g i i a 1> S ® S J 1 a o t* a jj h m 185S 17,5001 -11.805! 1803! 54,535 250,000 1859 30,143 51,4-11 1864 C2,058i 300,000 1800 27.7181 97,571 1865 73,197 380,000 1801 40,8351 112,713 1866 100,000 360,000 1862 52,779[ 179,333j | This rapid increase in the shipments from Tioga county, was occasioned by the ex tension of their rail-road transportation from Corning, (where the coal had been previously shipped on a small canal,) to Watkins, at the head of Seneca Lake, the head of navigation also by large boats on tho enlarged canals of the State of New York. Much was also due to the larger amount of capital invested in the business in that region—the opening of extensive mines, building houses for miners, and pro viding an abundance of locomotives, cars and boats, and to the enterprise and vigor with which the business was prosecuted. A large boat could be loaded at Watkins with 200 tons and run to Troy, the largest and most distant market, and return, in about two weeks ; while from Towanda, a boat could only carry 75 tons, (increased to 90 tons from Elmira,) and run to Troy and back in a month's time. When to these disadvantages are added the small number of small boats on these lateral canals, and the much larger number of large boats on the Erie Canal, which cannot enter the small canals, it will be seen that the To wanda coal region has been entirely behind the times, and could not expect to compete in tonnage with the Tioga region, especial ly as the latter also had a rail-road market from their mines direct to Buffalo, Roches ter and other principal points, without change of guage, winter and summer, while ' Towanda had a canal only. REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER. But, now, a new prospect seems to be opening for the Towanda coal region, by the building of a railroad from Towanda to Waverly, there connecting with the Erie Railway, and thence to be extended to the New York Central The North Branch Canal Compauy hav ing passed into the hands of Hon. ASA PACKER, and other capitalists, most of them, except Mr. WELLES, of the Lehigh Valley Rail Road Compauy, has been reorganized under the name of the PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK CANAL AND RAIL ROAD COMPANY, with power to construct a railroad from Wilkes-Barre to the State Line, along, or near, the line of their canal. The work of constructing the rail-road has not only been begun, but the grading is actually nearly completed for many miles, probably eight tenths of the distance between Towauda and Waverly, the ties are delivered, and miles of them placed ready for tbe iron.— The masonry of the bridge over the Che mung River, at Athens, is nearly finished, and the road could be completed and in run- i uiug order in January next, but it is under- j stood that the company will not lay down j the rails until next spring. It may, there- ! fore be considered as certain, that early in the summer of 1807, the Towanda coal re- i gion will be connected by rail with the j Erie Railway. Without waiting for the \ completion of the proposed extension of; this line of Railway, it is not doubted but j that a third rail will immediately be laid on the Erie Railway from Waverly to El- 1 mira, whence by the Northern Central Rail- j way to Cauandagma, a connection will be effected, by rail, without change or cars, with the New York Central Railway, and its brunches, extending throughout that State. It is also intended to build a rail-road from Wuverly to Ithaca, the head of Cayu ga Lake, which connects with tin: enlarged canal and is an excellent point for shipping coal. Another rail-road is also projected from Waverly, byway of Owego and Dry deu Valley, to Auburn, affording the most favorable grades for heavy tonnage. The rail-road from the Blossburg region is broad guage. The Barclay rail-road, the Pennsylvania and New York, the Northern Central and the New York Central, are all narrow guage. The Towanda region will, therefore, in a little time, iiave an indepen dent rail-road system to supply with coal without re-shipment, and the Blossburg re gion another, consisting of the Erie Rail way aud its branches. The Chenango Extension of the New York canals, from Binghamtou to the North Branch Canal at Athens, is also in course of construction by that state, and a large amount of work is already done on it. This will open to the Towanda region a new market and a new route to Eastern New York, sixty miles shorter than the present one by Seneca Lake. The building of the Pennsylvania and New York Rail Road, will not interfere with the use of the canal, as a new towing path has been built where the old one has been taken for the rail-road, and, indeed, the canal has been greatly improved by deepening aud widening it, to get material for the railroad, and the banks very much strengthened. The extension of the rail-road south, or down the river, connecting with the Lehigh Valley Rail Road, in the spriug of 1803, will also open a new and very extensive market for Bituminous Coal at the large Rolling Mills iu that region, it being pref erable to Anthracite Coal for that purpose. The fall iu the North Branch of the Sus quehanna River, from the State Line to Wilkes-Barre, is but two-and-a-half feet to the mile, affording the best unoccupied route for a rail-road in tfie State, both as respects grades'and probable tonnage. The following is a list of the officers, for the year 1865, of the various companies mentioned : BABCLAY COAL COMPANY. . President—GEOßGE R. OAT. IHrectors —EDWAED M. DAVIS, HENEY JONES, I. V. WILLIAMSON, CONEAD S. GBOVE, BENJ. S. RUSSELL. Secretary and Treasurer —HAEVEY SHAW. General Superintendent —JAMES M. WABD. Director's office Philadelphia. Superintendent's office, Towanda. Mr. Davis and Mr. Williamson, are the largest stock holders. TOWANDA COAL COMPANY. President —JEßYlS LANGDON. Directors —Dr. E. ELDBIDGE, A. S.DIVEN, HENEY RATHBONE, JAMES MAOFABLANE. Secretary arul Treasurer —ALEX DIVEN. General Super intended —J. MAC FAT. LANK. Director's office, Elmira. Superintendent's and Treasurer's office, Towanda. FALL CEEEK BITUMINOUS COAL COMPANY. President—GEOßGE C. FARRAR. Directors —ELlSHA A. PACKEE, GEOEGE OPDYKE, JOHN A. C. GBAY, JAMES HOY. General Superintendent —WM. M. MALLOBY. Director's office, New York. Superintendent's office, Towanda. SCHBADEB LAND COMPANY. President— WlLLlAM REED, Directors — R. 11. SAYEB, C.F. WELLES, Jr., J. F, MEANS, V. E. PIOLLET, THO'S. WILSON, J. B. LIN DEBMAN. Secretary and Treasurer—C. L. WABD, Esq., To wanda, Pa. Trustees to Execute Deeds —WILLIAM REED, C. F. WELLES, Jr. PENNSYIVANIA AND NEW YOBK CANAL AND RAIL ROAD COMPANY. President —C. F. WELLES, Jr., of Athens. Directors— ASA PACKEE, ROBEBT PABKS, G. B. LINDEBMAN, WM. LONGSTBKET, JOHNR. COX, R. H. SAYEB, WM. REED, V. E. PIOLLET, WALTEB STEEL ING, JOHN J. TAYLOR, FEED. L. WELI.ES. Superintendent of Construction— V. E. PIOLLET. Chief Engineer —ROßEßT H. SAYEB. Directors and Treasurer's office, Athens, Pa. TOWANDA, Pa., Nov. 10, 18C6. piSttllatiMUS. THE WlFE. —Only let a woman be sure that she is precious to her husband—not useful, not valuable, not convenient, sim ply, but lovely and beloved ; let her be the reception of his polite, heartily attentions ; let her feel that her care and love are no ticed, appreciated and returned ; let her opinion be asked and her approval sought, and her judgement respected in matters of which she is cognizant; in short, let her only be loved, bonored and cherished,in ful fillment of the marriage vow, and she will be to her husband, her children and society a well-spring of pleasure. She will bear pain, and toil, and auxiety ; for her hus band's love is to her a tower and fortress. Shielded and sheltered therein, adversity will haVe lost its sting. She may suffer, but sympathy will dull the edge of sorrow. A house with love in it—and by love we mean love expressed in words, and looks, and deeds, for we have not one spark of faith in love that never crops out—is to a house without love as a person to a ma chine ; one is love, the other is mechanism. The unloved woman may have bread just as light, a house just as tidy as the other, but the latter has a spring of beauty about her, a joyousness, an aggressive and pene trating and pervading brightness to which the former is a stranger. The deep happi ness in her heart shines out in her face.— This is a ray of sunlight in the house. She gleams over it. It is airy and gay, grace ful and warm, and welcoming with her presence ; she is full of devices and plots, and sweet surprises for her husband and family ; she lias never done with the ro mance of life ; she, herself, is a lyric poem, setting herself to all pure and gracious mel odies. Humble household ways and duties have for her it golden significance. The prize made the calling high ; and the end sanctifies the means, "love is heaven, and heaven is love." HEADING FOB THE WINTER. —The " long winter evenings," whose advent is always a cause of gratification,and whose presence can be so well spent, are approaching.— Those who are inclined to reading by the fireside, while cold and tempest reign out side, welcome this period of the year as the happiest to them. At such times an in structive book or newspaper are the best companions. With their authors we keep up a continual conversation, imbibing their ideas and admiring their sentiments. Here thoughts are presented in the most chaste language, and the companion of the even ing, after having proved instructive and agreeable, is laid away to be called up again on the next occasiou. The rapid pe rusal of many publications is, however, not beneficial. To read less and study well what we have read, will benefit us vastly more than to go over a work with a "hop, skip and jump." Prepare then for the win ter evening, buy your books and subscribe for your newspapers. Purchase what you know will instruct, without wearying you. Do not read what you cannot appreciate, because it looks learned to do so. A book, written in simple language and upon an ordinary subject, is worth more than one, no matter how talented its author, which you cannot read n!iderstaudiugly,and whose teachings are hid behind glowing meta phors and elegantly written phrases. So also with a newspaper. Subscribe for one which, as far as one can, combines the fam ily with tin; local and general newspaper. Through such a one you will learn what is transpiring in your neighborhood and at a distance, and at the same time find many gems of thought, overlooked by the most pretentious publications, which cannot ftil to render you inure intelligent and happy. A WOMAN'S FIGHT WITH INDIANS. —The fol lowing is from the Tehama, (California) Observer: L. Hessick, who runs a pack train be tween Red Bluff and Hayfork of Trinity, gives the particulars of a daring exploit of a lady. Mrs. Sarah Donelson, formerly a resident of Red Bluff, is living in a log house on the trail with her children and her father. A few days ago her father went out hunting stock, and Mrs. Donelson was looking after her poultry, a short dis tance from the house. Suddenly five In dians made their appearance. Airs. Donel son started for the house, and was inter cepted by two Indians. Throwing them from her, a thiid caught her by the shoul der. She knocked him down, and reaching the house in safety, barred the door. The Indians rested one or more rifles on the window, leveled at the woman, who ap proached them, took down her father's rifle and returned the fire of the Indians through the apertures or " chiuks "of the log house. On attempting to cock her gun Mrs. Donel son found that the thumb of her right hand had been shot away by an Indian bullet, but using her left hand, she soon had the pleasure of knowing that her would be mur derers had retreated ; whether with whole hides or not she could not tell. Muscle, courage and self-possession won a victory —one against five, and that one a woman. We challenge the State to exhibit an in stance in Indian fighting wherein a woman has acquitted herself more creditably. DEPTHS OF THE SEA.— A French journal says that the soundings effected with refer ence to the new trans-Atlantic cable have enabled comparisons to be made of the dif ferent depths of the sea. Generally speak ing, they are not of any great depth in the neighborhood of continents ; thus the Bal tic, between Germany and Sweeden,is only a2O feet deep ; and the Adriatic, between Venice and Trieste, 130 feet. The greatest depth of the channel between France and England does not exceed 300 feet, while to the Southwest of Ireland, where the sea is open, the depth is more than 2,000 feet. The seas to the South of Europe are much deeper than those in the interior. In the narrowest part of the Straits of Gibralter the depth is only 1,000 feet, while a little more to the East it is 3,000 feet. On the coast of Spain the depth is nearly 6,000 feet. At 250 miles South of Nantucket (South of Cape Cod) no bottom was found at 7,000 feet. The greatest depths of all are to be met with in the Southern Ocean. To the West of the Cape of Good Hope 16,000 feet have been measured, and to the West of St. Helena 37,000. Dr. Young estimates the average depth of the Atlantic at 25,000 feet, and of the Pacific at 20,000 feet. pet* Annnm, in Advance. SINGULAR DEATH AND RESURRECTION. —The following remarkable case is from the Al bany Knickerbocker, of Wednesday ;—Night before last a child of William Wells, resid ing in the town of Bethlehem, a short dis tance from the city, died rather suddenly. To all appearances the child was dead, and it was accordingly prepared for the grave, and actually laid in the coffin. The coffin containing the body was placed in the front room, after having been thus arranged, and the family retired. The funeral was to have taken place yesterday. During the night, however, Mr. Wells heard a noise in the front room, and supposed it was the cat or dog that had got in there. He went iu to d rive it out. Imagine his surprise to find the body of the child turned in the coffin.— He raised it up and the little thing opened its eyes, looked up and commenced crying. Life, animated life was there. The father's heart leaped with joy. The mother again clasped her child to her bosom The phy sician was sent for, aud the whole neigh- I borhood were soon aroused. Nourishments were administered, and the child yesterday was doing well. THE PACIFIC RAILWAY. —The Chicago pa pers contain lengthy accounts of the re ception given by that enterprising city to the excursionists who have recently return ed from a trip on the line of the Union Pa cific railway to a point two hundred aud seventy-five miles west of Omaha. It is claimed t at when fifty miles of incomplet ed railway in lowa are finished, Chicago will have an air railway line extending towards the base of the Rocky Mountains for 800 miles. The Pacific railway thus re ferred to traverses Nebraska. Another party of excursionists recently left Phila delphia to examine the Pacific railway line stretching westward from St. Louis throngh Missouri to Kansas City, and thence along the Smoky Hill route through Kansas to Colorado. It is being built as rapidly as its northern rival, and already stretches be yond Fort Riley, from whence it is to be extended nearly three hundred miles dur ing the coming year. WATER SPOUTS OF THE GREAT BASIN. —One of the remarkable phenomena of the great interior basin of Western America, be tween the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas, is the water spouts, or great masses of water that fall suddenly out of the clouds, and tear down the valley like a tornado of water. A late Virginia, Neva da paper, says : The citizens of Dayton were thrown into a state of excitement the day before, • by the news from Eldorado cannon that a ! water spout had bursted, and was destroy- j ing everything in its maddened course, us [ it swept along to the Carson river. Piles of wood were carried away as if they were bundles of straw, arid it is sup posed that a number of woodchoppers.who resided in the cannon, have been lost, as there were a great many persons engaged in wood cutting there. This water spout equals the one which occurred iu Esmaral da county two years ago, when a party, consisting of Mr. Hugh Glenn, his wife and mother, were then travelling iu a car riage. The water spout burst upon them, killing Glenn's wife and mother, and des troying the carriage. One of the horses was so badly bruised that he died shortly after. Last week a water spout burst iu Austin, Nevada, and for a short time the main street was flood ed, destroying abode bouses, injuring stores, Ac The amount of damage was I several thousand dollars. These water spouts account for the topographical ap pearance of the country, which shows that they have been quite frequent, and the large boulders that are seen isolated on alkali flats and deserts, no doubt have been washed there by water spouts. FELLING TREES BY FIRE. —The idea of burn ing down a tree six or eight feet in diame ter, and solid and green, would have seem ed to me simply absured and ridiculous.— But the thing is done in Oregon every day, at a vast saving of time and labor. The operation is done iu this wise : A hole is bored into tle tree horizontally, the nearer the centre the better. Then directly under this hole another is bored at an angle of el evation, su that the holes meet together near the centre of the tree. A coal of fire is introduced into the orifice ; the lower hole makes a draught, and the upper one performs the function of a chimney. The heart of the tree is dry and contains a con considerable quantity of pitcb, and when manipulated, as 1 have described, burns briskly. It is necessary to feed this fire with some fresh fuel from time to time. But one man can keep a large number of trees thus burning, and will get twenty or a hundred down thus, much quicker aud easier than he could otherwise do. In a similar man ner, when the tree is down, it is cut into pieces by being burned in two. A hole is bored into the log from the top, and anoth er from its side, until they meet as before described, when the perpendicular hole acts as a flue and the horizontal one furnishing the draught. It often happens that in burn ing a large tree into lengths for, saw-logs, there is not more timber wasted tbau would result from the chopping of the log with an axe. NECRO HUMOR —A Virginia rebel, who has issued a book giving his experience as a prisoner iu the hands of the Federals at Point Lookout and Elmira, tells the follow ing story : The boys are laughing at the summons which S., one of my fellow-Petorsbnrgers, got to-day from a negro sentinel. >S. had on when captured, and I suppose still pos sesses, a tall beaver of the antique pattern, considered iuseperable from extreme res pectability in the last decade, and for many a year before. While wandering around the encioseure, seeking, I suspect, "what he might devour," he accidentally stepped beyond the "dead line,"and was suddenly arrested by a summons from the nearest negro on the parapet, who seemed to be in doubt whether so well-dressed a man could be a "reb," and therefore whether he should be shot at once. "White maD, you b'long iu dar !" "Yes." "Well, ain't you got no better sense dan to cross dat line ?" "I did not notice the line." "Well, you had better notice it, and dat quick, or I'll blow half dat nail kag off!" How THE PARSON GOT EXCITED.—A few years since, near tbe city of N., in Connec ticut, lived and preached old Parson 8., who was a bit excitable and near-sighted. One day he had been to the city with his horse, and among his purchairos was a bar rel of flour, one head of which was partial ly out. On the way home, the old ma a was over taken and passed by a fast young man driving a fast horse, and putting on airs Now, the parson's horse was usually a quiet, steady-going animal enough, but he conldn't stand that, so he started after him on the fast order in 2:40, in good earnest. The jolting of the wagon at length jar red the head completely out of the barrel, and the strong wind which wa blowing directly after the pastor, blew the flour all over hiin and the horse. NUMBER 25. At last the young man was left behind, and the village reached ; but the speed of the horse was not checked. In driving through a street to reach his home, he came in contact with one of his* deacons, who was naturally surprised to see his minister driving at such a pace, and signaled him to stop. " Why, Parson 8.," said he, " what on earth is the matter ? You seem greatly ex cited." " Excited!" yelled the old man, " excited! who wouldn't be excited—-snow storm in July. Get up, Dobbin." The deacon smiled, but was silent. FUN, FA.OTS AND FACETLS. A Western paper publishes the follow ing notice : "Lost or strade from the scriber a sheep all over white—one leg was black and half Lis bo.ly—all persons shall receive five dollars to briug him. He was a she goat.'' A locomotive on a Western railroad has been adorned with the motto "I still live." That is more than many of the passengers can say at the end of their journey. WHY is the assessor of taxes the best man in the world ? Because he never underrates anybody. THE Telegraph Cable makes a bed of tbe Atlantic Ocean and pillows of the two continents. THE key to a mother's heart is the baby. Keep that well oiled with praise, and yon can un lock all the pantries of the house. To bear evil speaking and illiterate judg ments with equanimity, is the highest bravery. It is, in fact, the repose of mental courage. HOUSES should be furnished with large lights for the convenience of the livers. IF a speaker coughs when he hesitates for a thought or a word, consider it the hem of his discourse. WHEN a boot-maker commences to make a boot, the first thing he uses is the last. IF a man knows, and knows that he knows, he will lead a happy life. MARRIAGE is coming to be regarded as a mere casual tie, and the consequence is it often proves a casulty. THE people who are always sighing and groaning should be sent to a lunatic asylum r s monomaniacs. CARRYING politeness to excess, is said to be raising your hat to bow to a lady in the street and allow a couple of dirty collars and a pair of socks to tall to the sidewalk. "BOB," said a young fellow at a fancy fair, "you are missing all the sights on this side," "Never mind, Bill," retorted Bob. "I'm sighting all the misses on the other." A gentleman walking with two ladies, stepped on a hogshead hoop, that flew up and struck him in the- face—"Good gracions!" said he, "which of you dropped that !" IF a man does not know, and know, that he does not know, he may lc-ad a tolerable life. ByT if a wan does not know,and does not know that he does not know, he will lead a miser able life. WHAT thing is that which the more wc cut it the longer it becomes ? A ditch. WHY is life the riddle of riddles ? Because we must give it up. WHEN should you apply a sovereign rem edy to your tooth? 'When it a-king. GOOD men have the fewest fears. He has but one who fears to do wrong. He has a thous and who has overcome that one. THE lot of man is to labor. There cannot be any good gained, or any advantage kept, with out a perpetual struggle and toil. IT is with health as with property ; we rarely value it or know how Lest to use or to take care of it till it is gone. ADVICE is like snow, the softer it falls the longer it dwells upon, and the deeper it sinks into the min d. A lover has been pithily described as a man who, in his anxiety to obtain possession ot another, has lost possession of himsel. A mau who covers himself with costly apparel and neglects his mind,is like one who illu minates the outside of his house and s'.ts within in the dark. AN impertinent fellow wished to know if one ever sat down to tea, where skimmed milk was on the table, without being asked, "Do you take cream ?" A professor lecturing upon heat, observ ed, that one of its most conspicuous properties was the power of evaporating all bodies. A student arose and asked. "Is that the reason why the days in wui-m weather are longer than they are iu cold'?" THE "heart" is the best card in the chance game of matrimony—sometimes overcome by dia monds and knaves, often won by tricks, and occa sionally treated in a shuffling ninuner, and then cut altogether. Two Irishmen were travelling together when they stopped to examine a guide board.- "Twelve miles to Portland," said one. ".Just six miles apiece," said the other. And they trudged on, apparently well satisfied at the small distance. IF a man sells his watch for fifty dolbns, buys it back for forty dollars, then sells it for for ty five dollars, how much does he make in the transaction? It looks as if he made fifteen dollars, but he didn't. IT is not good for human nature to have the road of life made too easy, for it is better to be under the necessity of working hard aud faring meanly, than to hive even thing done for us auda pillow of dowu to repose upon. " MOU.EY," said Joe Kelly's ghost to his wife, "I'm in purgatory nl the present moment, says he. " And what sort of a plnce is it?" sues she. "Faix," says he, "it's a sort of a half way house between you and heaven, and I stand it mighty aisy after leaving you." A I.EATHER medal having been offered for the worst conundrum, the prize was unhesitatingly awarded to the following from several hvodred : " Why is rascality like a breast of a fowl? Be cause it's a piece of cMcttnc." " I never go to church," said a country tradesman to his parish clergyman; "I always spend Sunday in settling accounts." The minis ter immediately replied : "Yon will find the Pay of Judgment will be spent in the same manner." A domestic newly engaged,presented Lis master with a pair of boots, the leg of one ot whiqu was much longer than the oilier. "How comes it, that these boots are not of the same length ?,' "I really don't know, sir ; but what bothers mo most is, that the pair down stairs is in the same fix. A lady in Oregon, in writing to a friend in New York, says the cattle in that region live to such a great age" that their owners have to fasten long poles to their horns for the wrinkles to run out on. Is there any precedent for a good prac tical farmer being styled one of the judges of the land. PUNCH says : "We know a man so clever with his lathe that he can turn even a deaf ear." A BACHELOR editor, sensitive as to bis rights, objects to taking a wife, through fear that if she should have a baby, his cotcmporarii s, who habitually copy without giving credit, would r. fuse to give him credit for the baby. LAZINESS travels so slow that poverty soon overtakes her.