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out SOLBIERS' WELCOME HUME.
I
~ .1 and battered and covered with sears,
|. 1 in their faded uniform,
■ Lfbm,' 'doft their standard of stars
1 \ bore through the battle storm.
I l'r- dly they march in the grand review
r tie cloudless arch of blue,
[• Through the cheering street
Their triumphant feet
Keep step with'the drum ;
Loudly shouting they come.
I a titer the column sweeps by,
vt.-hiug many a league away
I ... ml the reach of the eager eye,
I'hat's moist with tears of joy to-day :
I are the men who have fought and bled ;
I ami .suffered so long in uqr stead,
j.ikv sointillent stars
Their glorious sears,
With patriot flame,
Light the pathway of fame.
\ have charged in the face of the foe
;... mh hot tempests of shot and shell,
k a th. war clouds were hanging low
A 1 the red rain in torrents fell,
g ; through sharp hedges of fire,
i p.-rv mounds and parapets higher.
With the banners they bear
Through the jubilant air,
(live back to the sky
The stars blazing high.
I.a n.arched through the sryampsoftlie South
I A.I t. .1 .led treacherous streams,
H , v ha,, look d down the cannon's mouth,
II I , the light of its sulphur gleams,
p ■ a tin sky rung as a funeral bell, j
B ' ih. ir comrades that bravely fell
On field and redoubt
And were mustered out;
()u the red field of fiery strife
God mustered them into eternal life.
J- > —>
I HISTORY OF A CARTE DE VISITE.
|H u: Mr.. Editor, —Knowing- you to be
ft -. N.iiT-lm.u ted, ready to sympathize with!
H afflicted, ami to comfort the sorrowing, !
y you to act as my amanuensis, that I \
| y leave to the world a record of my j
I ifill life. Being faded and worn, you !
have to bear with me patiently, and |
■•it my story as I am able to gasp it out. !
,iy teaeh some of the careless a lesson, j
■ ! siiow them that although our number !
- i' it and our name legion, the process j
■in creation is neither uninteresting nor ;
II •• in HI t trouble, and that we should not be '
! -pised, trod upon, and maltreated as we |
Wo have heard that you human beings j
I >;■•• created from dust. You seem to be j
I * -lied with this, and neither trouble your-;
d about the kind of dust, and the matter |
which it is made ; therefore I shall go 1
further into the detail of my creation
j ■ . i>< say that I first saw light in the |
I - .tii'ul and extensive manufactory of j
If it M. .\. Steinbaeh, Fabricant tie Fa- j
■ r, Malmedy, Prussia, as a piece of beau- ,
! white papers. I need not tell you i
■ I was pressed between hot rollers, !
1, trimmed, and then laid with four I
and seventy-nine other sheets
■ ted in the same way ; nor how we
: ailed into a box with nails harder to j
•• a;t than the truth from some of the 1
-- - in the conspiracy case at Wash
tmr of the long and tedious voy-1
actus,-, the tempestuous ocean, and the :
H ' w i scape we hal from being thrown 1
I fird in a storm--for all this you can
■ a 3 'iiie as well as I can describe it. 1
[ -i -aw glit in this country in your most
• abir Salle. 1 'hotopraph by ue. After
1 rested in was opened, 1 was taken
i" tin* company of the other four hun
* ■oi'i -. v. nty-nine sheets, pinched,
*• a. Ii- Id ti]> to the light so the cruel
"i"! ncc ' Steinbaeh" on my bor
• 1 then whirled tip a winding-stair,
tough rooms light and dark, and, terri- j
; ' •>' laid down. Presently I ob
v. I a huge white pan, filled witli some {
us mdistance* n< itlicr sweet nor beau
-1 L aid ilie artist say it was albu
"i'i iliat hundreds of diminutive chick-.
- w.-iv spared the trouble of coming to :
- in anv matronly hens deprived of
I an extensive brood, and myriads ;
- ■ ii*l Hies spared a chase across
in the mouth of some courageous j
* with a dozen rivals after it full tilt, i
albumen might be made on which ,
u ;' s a! ut to let me float as did our:
"iv siiip upon the sea. I trembled at)
' i lute, but presently he seized me by •
Ttiers, and with a dextrous move laid :
<t "I** >ii the disgusting surface, which ;
aiiio d me that the eggs of which it j
* made must have been very near I
tens before coming into present hands.
"tent with this, he took a rounded j
mitl gently pressed me down in every j
I t* give me a thorough dose. He
wed me to remain about five minutes,
x-iziug me again threw me corner- j
ever a round bar, where, sick and
■ "Eng, I was allowed to collect my scat
'* thoughts, while the superfluous al
•te-n scattered down my sides and slip
'* my corners into a trough below.—
" s, 'ntiy my four hundred and seventy-
Asters were brought in, treated like
" nnd when we were all dry and stiff
•' "gain placed together, put in a huge
>•-, and squeezed in a manner so violent
any virtuous female would blush at
II jo atiuent, but there was no help for
l"'ing rather obstreperous and indig
' ••o-I succeeded in getting one corner
v ' the artist did not discover until
mout to leave the room, and then he
remarked that for nty pains I
E. O. GOODRICH, Publisher.
VOLUME XXVI.
should be the lirst sheet used, and the cor
ner sticking out should be first victimized,
lie would go prepare the negative, and
then come after me. What is a negative ?
thought I, and concluded I would find out.
Looking about me with my little corner, I
observed a small dark room, with only yel
low glass to let in a little light; in it were
two men stalking around like demons, one
with a little lamp in his hand lighting the
other while he cleaned a piece of glass
with something from a bottle labeled "Rot
ten-stone." I heard them say they were
making the negative. The room seemed to
be very clean and nice, and in perfect or
der. Bottles and brushes and funnels, and
other articles, were there in abundance,
and all properly labeled, and in a special
place where they conld be found when
wanted, without trouble. This enabled me
to find out and tell you more than I should
otherwise be able to do. After cleaning
the plate, and carefully brushing it over
with a wide camel's-hair blender, the shin
ing glass was seized by one of these gen
tlemen, and a coating of a very odoriferous
creamy substance poured over it, and al
lowed to flow evenly over the surface, and
the surplus run oft' at one corner into a bot
tle labeled " Collodion." After the glass
was thus coated, it was quickly placed up
on a long forked arrangement, and lowered
into a deep, narrow, black box, which was
labeled " Silver bath." When the glass
was removed from the bath, it was quickly
placed in another black looking affair
smaller than the bath, and having a little
door, which was shut so suddenly that I
could not discover the glass looked after
the treatment it had received. The opera
tor —so 1 am told such persons are called
—seemed in great excitement, and ran out
of the room with the whole affair. Then I
heard the rumbling of wheels, the crying
of children, ringing of bells, blowing of
whistles, and occasional " Now !" " Look !
look ! look ! look ! look ! look !" the whist-:
ling of birds, and several other strange
noises, that quite overpowered me, and 1
began to fear something dreadful had hap
pened, until the operator returned tu the
dark room with a smile oh his face. He
opened the little door of the black box, and
therefrom took my old friend the glass. It
presented a most beautiful white and frost
like appearance, and was quite changed in
its nature. From a bottle labeled " Devel-
oper " the operator poured a solution over
the plate, and it immediately grew darker;
presently faint lines could be discovered ;
now the plaid in a little dress, and immedi
ately little hands and feet and faces ; and,
as if coming up from a mist, three beauti
ful children appeared seated close beside
each other. After pouripg this f(uid op the
negatiye, as it tvaa called, it was well
washed with water, and then the men held
it up to the light, put their heads together, ,
rubbed their hands over the back of it,
looked through it, and finally concluded
that it was hardly strong enough, and that
they would have to re-develop it. So they
took two bottles down from a shelf, and
poured from them a mixture which they
called re developer over the negative, mov
ing it from side to side until they said suf
ficient intensity was obtained. Then the
poor negative was put through another
washing. 1 hoped they would get the poor
thing fixed presently ; when, sure enough,
down come another bottle, nicely labeled
"Fixing solution," which was poured over
the negative, after which it was again
washed, thoroughly dried, and another bot
tle labeled " Varnish " taken down, and its
contents poured over the negative, when it
was placed in a drying-rack, and I saw the
man prepare to repeat the experiment on
another glass plate. At this moment 1 felt
quite relieved within myself, caused by
seeing, as I supposed, that poor glass re
ceive a little rest ; but such, alas|! was
not the case. Great excitement seemed to
pervade overhead, and I saw my kindred
sheets dragged away from me, while 1 was
seized by my unfortunate corner, and hur
ried up a fiight or two of stairs into a very
warm, dark room, and laid down upon a
table, where sat a pearly-white pan, full of
a very pretty colorless fluid, which was
called Silvering Solution. This was preci
pitated, and one-fifth was re-dissolved with
liq. ammonia, mixed with the other four
fifths, and the sediment dissolved with ni
tric acid. Presently 1 was taken up gently
and carefully floated upon the surface of
this beautiful solution for about a minute,
which was more pleasant to bear, but more
alarming in its results, than that offensive
albumen. I was then removed, and hung
lengthwise upon two terribly sharp needles
until the waste solution had dripped from
my almost strangled self. I was then
placed in a fearfully-close box, held tightly
by two unyielding clips over dozens of tiny
gas jets, that winked wickedly at, and tried
in vain to reach me with their fiery tongues,
while 1 curled myself up to escape their
torment and persecution. When dried per
fectly, 1 was removed and hurried through
another dark, mysterious passage, placed
in a box, seized by another twain of vora
cious clips, and there allowed to hang for
five or ten minutes over a saucer of ammo
nia, which would have been a relief to rny
nervous system had it not been so strong
as to suffocate me, and deprive me of my
sense to such an extent that \ knew noth
ing until 1 found myself out in fresh air
and sunlight, pressed cioswly to, and face
to face with, my old friend the negative of
the trio of tiny children. A coarse, ugly
man would occasionally separate us in
part and then quickly press us together
again. Finally we were parted entirely,
and purple and black with rage and heat 1
was thrown into a dark drawer, only to he
taken away in a few moments by a raau
with very black fingers. lie carried mc
down stairs again, and plunged me into a
deep tank of water, vowing he would wash
away some of my ugly self, and then fix
me so I wouldn't get away soon. After
coming out of this generous bath I obser
ved the image of the three children upon
my surface precisely like that upon the
negative, which I must leave you to ac
count for. After this I was put through
what the black-fingered gent called a ton
ing solution, then washed again, and fixed
l in the same manner that the poor negative
was fixed, and finally placed in a large tank
I of clean water, where a hundred jets tried
their best to squirt me out of existence. I
succeeded in floating up in a corner of the
tank, and in clinging fast to its side—a
trick which I now regret, as I am rapidly
fading away in consequence, as they say I
was not washed enough, and must soon es
TOW AND A, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., JULY 13, 1865.
i pect to fade away entirely. I was removed
frotn the tank, and with a number of other
victims run through a patent clothes-wrin
ger, carried down stairs, my sides and ends
neatly trimmed, a smattering of ftourine
brushed over my back, placed upon a pure
white mount, or card, by delicate female
fingers, and laid aside until nearly dry,
when I was put through a crushing pair of
rollers, a polish of white wax and turpen
tine rubbed over me, and finally laid aside
and pronounced finished. Need I tell you
more ? llow I was placed in the breast
pocket of one of our noble heroes as lie
left his darling trio, and their precious
mother, to go defend his flag and their
homes from the invader ? How lie kissed
me and pressed me to his bosom before and
after battle, and how the hot tears often
fell upon me? How the relentless bullet
came along whispering death and destruc
tion, and, sparing me, entered his noble
breast and felled him to the earth ? How
his eager hands grasped me and held me
before his eyes until they lost their bright
ness, and until his last prayer for them was
sent to heaven? Need I tell you this ?
Nay ! the story is an old and never-to-be
forgotten one. I need not repeat it ; but
simply add that I ani fading away, the re
sult of no bad manipulation—for 1 was
made by the best processes known —but of
my refusing to be properly washed, which
causes the fading away of many a person
as well as many a carte do visite.
HOW GEN- LEE WENT INTO THE WAR.
On the Sunday when the news arrived of
the fall of Surnpter, a gentleman of our ac
quaintance, in whom we place perfect con
fidence, took the cars at Washington to go
to Richmond. Upon the train were Alex.
A. 11. Stuart, William Ballard Preston, and
another member of the committee which the
Virginia Legislature had sent up to Wash
ington to confer with the Government, or
more properly speaking, to see what man
ner of man the new President was, and to
spy out the land. At one of the stations
beyond Alexandria, quite a crowd had col
lected, and eager demands were made for
the news as the train came in. Mr. Stuart
and Mr. Preston stepped upon the platform
of the car to answer the inquiries. Our in
formant noticed one well-dressed gentle
man, who seemed to be the spokesman and
chief person of the crowd. He was flourish
ing up and down the platform with more or
less consequence, and as the train stopped,
cried out, " What's the news ?"
" Sumpter has fallen," was the reply.
" I'll raise an army and march on Wash- ;
ington," exclaimed the excited individual, !
swinging his cane and walking uneasily
about. " I'll commence to-morrow morn
ing," he repeated, " and raise an aj my and
take Washington. Hadn't I better do it,
Mr. Preston?" It was some time before
Preston answered, so long that our friend
thought he would make no reply, when he
said, slowly and oracularly : " True cour
age waits on deliberation."
" Was there any bloodshed ?" asked the
excited man.
" No !"
" Wasn't, there ?" looking down, and
speaking as if surprised As the train i
moved off, he was heard to repeat : " I'll !
raise an army and march on Washington."
When the train was under way our Iriend
asked : " Who is that enthusiastic man ?"
" That, is Colonel Lee," said Mr. Preston.
And that is the man who has since been
commander of the rebel forces, and who is
represented as having very reluctantly,and
only after days of prayer, drawn his sword
against the Government that educated and
promoted him. And it must be remembered
that this occurrence took place before Vir
ginia had passed its bogus ordinance of se
cession, and five days before Lee's resigna
tion. Lee did raise a force of about three
thousand men, and marched them to Har
per's Ferry to procure arms. The intention
was to march into Maryland, which it was
supposed would rise at once and go out of
the Union, carrying with it the national
capital, which the Rebels would at once
occupy and proclaim themselves the Gov
ernment of the United States. It is evident
that they did not intend to go off and put
themselves in the attitude of rebels, but
that their plan was to take the capital and
the Government machinery, and then let
the North "rebel" if it didn't like the ar
rangement.—Hartford l'rexs.
aERMANECONOMY.
A late tourist in Germany describes the
economy practised by the peasants as fol
lows :
" Each German has his house, his or- j
chard, his road-side trees so laden with
fruit that.did he uot carefully prop them up,
tie them together, and in many places hold
the boughs together by wooden clamps,
they would be torn asunder by their own
weight. He has his own corn plot, his
plot for mangel wurzel or hay, for potatoes,
for hemp, &c. He is his own master, and, j
therefore, he and Lis family have the stron
gest motives for exertion. Ju Germany;
nothing is lost. The produce of the trees ;
and the cows is carried to market. Much j
fruit is dried for winter use. You sep |
woodeu trays of plums, cherries and sliced
apples lying in the suu to dry. You see j
strings of them hanging from the windows ,
in the sun. The cows are kept up a grea- j
ter part of the year, and every green thing j
is collected for them. Every little nook j
where grass grows, by the road-side, river
and brook, is carefully cut by the sickle,
and carried home on the heads of the wo
men and children, in baskets or tied in
large cloths. Nothing of the kind is lost
that can possibly be made of any use. —
Weeds, nettles, nay, the very goose grass
which covers the waste places, are cut up
and taken for the cows. You see the little
childreu standing in the streets of the vil
lages, and in the streams which usually
run down them, busy washing these weeds
before they are given to the cattle. They
carefully collect the leaves of the marsh
grass, carefully cut their potato tops for
them, and even, if other things fail, gather
leaves from the woodlands.
MY principal method for defeating heresy
is by establishing truth. Que proposes to
fill a bushel with tares; now, if I can fill it
first with wheat I shall defy his attempt.
FINE connections are apt to plunge you
into a sea of extravagance, and then not
to throw you a rope from drowning.
REGARDLESS Oljf DEtfIWC!ATIOJf FROM ANY QI'ARTER.
THE PRESIDENT'S PLAN OF REORGANIZA
TION-
[From the Washington Chronicle.]
It has been charged that the President,
in some of the measures recently adopted
by him in reference to the reorganization
of subverted State Governments, has as
sumed to exercise powers inconsistent with
his well-known theory, that tlie so-called
seceded States have never ceased to be
States in the Union.
As we understand his theory on this sub
ject, ii is simply this : lie holds that the
treason and rebellion of a portion of the
citizens of a State, even though constitu
ting a large majority, cannot destroy the
political rights, under the Constitution, of
those who remain loyal. He holds that or
dinances of secession, and all State laws
in violation of the Constitution, and hostile
to the Federal Government, are simply
void, and can affect the rights of no one
who lias neither aided in their enactment
or maintenance, nor voluntarily assented
thereto, lie holds, with the early expoun
ders of the Constitution —Hamilton, Madi
son, and .Jay—that a State in its corporate
capacity is incapable of committing trea
son, and hence cannot be punished for that
crime ; that those who have voluntarily
participated in the rebellion are persona.lly
guilty of treason, and personalia responsible
therefor, but that the treason of A, P>, and
C cannot be imputed to D, who has not
participated therein, and destroy any of
iiis rights under the Constitution, simply
because he may happen to be a citizen of
the same State.
If this theory be well founded, it follows
that the rebellion of a State has not de
al rayed any of the constitutional rights of
the loyal citizens thereof. It has merely
suspended the exercise and enjoyment of
those rights for the time being. And, when
the rebellion in any State is suppressed,
the loyal citizens of that State are entitled
to resume all the rights pertaining not on
ly to cdizens of the tinted State*, but to cit
izen* of a State in the Union. But, while
these rights may be perfect in law, there
may still exist obstacles to their immediate
practical enjoyment. When a State has
been for years under complete dominion of
rebels, maintaining a Government d< facto,
to the utter exclusion of all legitimate au
thority, the suppression of that spurious
government leaves the State in a condition
of helpless anarchy. The loyal people are
in law entitled to resume all their constitu
tional rights ; yet it is manifest that they
cannot exercise some of the most impor
tant of those till State organization is re
stored. Certain preliminary steps must be
taken to set the machinery of State gov
ernment in motion. There must be some
recognized authority to order elections, to
appoint suitable persons to conduct them,
to decide who are elected, to issue commis
sions, and to perform many other similar
duties. There must be men temporarily
clothed with authority to conserve the
peace, and protect the persons and proper
ty of the people against violence and crime,
until a regular government can be reor
ganized. Some persons having authority
must take the initiative of these matters.
Who shall it be ? .No citizen or number of
citizens of the State have the necessary au
thority- The old State Government is in
abeyance, because every office under it
lias become vacant. The Constitution has
made no express provision on the subject.
Such a state of things as the utter subver
sion and extinction of a State organization
does not appear to have been anticipated
by its framers, and hence no specific pro
vision was made for such a case. Yet it is
believed that the Constitution does, by
necessary implication, provide the ade
quate remedy. The Constitution imposes
upon the Federal Government the duty of
guaranteeing to every State a republican
form of government. It enjoins upon the
President the duty to " preserve, protect,
and defend the Constitution of the I nited
States," and to "take care that the laws be
faithfully executed." Neither of these du
ties can be performed towards the people
of a disorganized State. The imposition of
these duties upon the Federal Government
carries with it, by necessary implication,
the incidental power to use such means as
are absolutely necessary to their fulliil
ment.
The duty of guaranteeing to every State
a republican form of government is doubt
less enjoined upon the legislative as well
as the executive department of the General
Government. Each in its sphere is bound
to exercise its legitimate powers so as to
secure that end The duty to see " that
the laws be faithfully executed," is speci
ally enjoined upon the President. In the
case of a State whose legitimate Govern
ment is totally disorganized, the obvious
means, indispensible to the fulfilment of
both these duties, is a reorganization of
the State Government. This can only 4 be
effected by the appointment of a Provis
ional Governor, or some other agent to ex
ercise, temporarily, the functions of a chief
magistrate. The appointment of such an
agent is clearly an executive duty. In the
absence of any express legistation on the
subject, the President unquestionably has,
as incidental to the performance of duties
imposed upon him by the Constitution, an- !
thority to appoint such an agent, and in
vest him with the powers necessary to ef
fect a reorganization of the State Govern
ment. By no other means can he fulfill the
duties enjoined upon him, of guaranteeing
to the people of the State a republican form
of government, and of securing the faithful
execution of the laws of the United States
therein.
If it be conceded that the President has
power thus to take the initiative in reor
ganizing the subverted State Governments,
i how far has he the right to dictate the prin
! lijdes upon which these Governments shall
jbe organized ? We understand the Presi
' dent to disclaim all authority in the pre
! niises, except such as is absolutely neees
' sary to secure to each State a republican
| form of government, in due subordination
;to the Constitution and laws of the United
! States. If he did not so exercise his au
i thority as to secure these ends, he would
| not be acting in the discharge of a duty
imposed upon him by the Constitution, and
so his acts would be unjustifiable. If he
exercised more authority than necessary to
secure these ends, he would transcend the
powers incidentally conferred upon him by
the Constitution.
Those who allege that the President has
assumed to exercise authority inconsistent
with his owe theory of State perpetuity,
really find fault, not because they think lie
has exercised too much authority, but be
cause he has exercised too Wile. Their
real ground of complaint is, that he has
not dictated that in all elections to be held
in the disorganized States, preparatory to
reorganization, negroes shall be allowed
an equal right with white citizens to vote.
They say that if he has authority to dictate
who shall nut vote, he must have equal
power to dictate who shall vote. That if he
can limit the right of suffrage, as it existed
prior to the rebellion, he can extend it; that
to prohibit a white citizen from voting, who
has been convicted of no disqualifying crime,
is just as inconsistent with his theory as it
would be to confer the right upon a class of
citizens who were disqualified under the
laws which have been suspended or ren
dered inoperative by the rebellion.
We do not think this a fair course of
reasoning. The President believes, as we
understand his theory, that the loyal peo
ple of the disorganized States have pre
cisely the same rights, under their respect
ive State Governments, and under the Con
stitution of the United States, that they
had when the rebellion broke out, except
in so far as those rights have been modified
by the laws of the land, and by valid mili
tary orders issued in aid of the prosecution
ol the war. lie believes that they have
lost the right of property in their slaves by
virtue of the President's proclamations and
mil tary orders, issued as a means of put
ting down the rebellion, and so being valid.
Hence, in taking care that the laws be
faithfully executed, he is bound to take
care that the emancipated negroes shall
not be re-enslaved. But as to all rights
which have not been thus modified, he
holds that it is his duty to restore those
rights to the people as they existed prior
to the rebellion. He holds, as we under
stand his theory, that it is his duty to ex
ercise such powers as may be found neces
sary to revivify institutions ami laws which
are now in a state of suspended animation,
but not to establish new institutions or en
act new laws. \\ hen the disorganized
State shall be thus reorganized, it must be
left to the people of those States to adopt
such reforms as a change of circumstances
may indicate and render necessary. To
assume to confer the right of suffrage upon
a class of citizens disqualified to vote under
the laws in existence when the rebellion
broke out, would be to assume the power
of enacting new laws, and would be mani
festly inconsistent with the theory above
attempted to be explained, Is it equally
clear that it is inconsistent with this theory
to prescribe that notorious and incorrigible
rebels shall be prohibited from voting? It
must be remembered that the now disor
ganized States have been for four years
past maintaining governments de facto in
direct opposition and hostility to the Gen
eral Government. These spurious govern
ments have been suppressed by the mili
tary power of the United States. To au
thorize the people of those States, without
any discrimination, to reorganize their
State Governments, would be simply to
authorize them to reestablish the rebel
Government which we have been fighting
for four years to overthrow. In order to
reinstate the loyal people in their coustitu
tional rights, the power to participate in
the work of reorganization must be limited
to the loyal ; not, necessarily to those who
have always been loyal to the Union and the
Constitution, but to those who are now loy
al, and who are willing to give an earnest
oi their loyalty. Hence, the President, in
all his proclamations authorizing the peo
ple of rebellious States to reorganize their
State Governments, has prescribed that
none shall participate therein without first
taking an oath of fidelity to the Union and
the Constitution, and of submission to the
lawful authority of the General Govern
ment. This, instead of being inconsistent
with his theory that the loyal people of
those States have been deprived of none of
their constitutional rights by the rebellion
of their fellow-citizens, is a precaution ab
solutely necessary to restore them to the
enjoyment of those rights. It is as much
the duty of the President to prevent incor
rigible rebels from controlling the action of
the people in the work of reorganization,as
it was to put them down when in open ro
belli >u against the Government.
Tiie Laugh of Woman. —A woman has no
natural gift more bewitching than a sweet
laugh. It is like the sound of flutes on
the water. It leaps from her in a clear,
sparkling rill : and the heart that hears it
feels as if bathed in the cool, exhilarating
spring. Have you ever pursued an unseen
fugitive through trees, led on by a fairy
laugh—now here, now there, now lost, now
found ? We have ; and we are pursuing
that wandering voice to this day. Some
times it comes to us in the midst of care,
or sorrow, or irksome business : and we
turn away and listen, and hear it ringing
through the room like a silver bell, with
power to scare away the evil spirit of the
mind. How much we owe that sweet
laugh ! It turns the prose to poetry ; it
flings showers of sunshine over the dark
ness of the wood in which we are traveling;
it touches with light even our sleep, which
is no more the image of death, but is con
sumed with dreams that are shadows of
immortality.
Fi x AT HOME. —Don't be afraid of a little
fun to ruin your sons. _ Don't let them think
that all mirth and social enjoyment must
be left 011 the threshold without, when they
come home at night. When once a home
is regarded as only a place to eat, drink
and sleep in, the work is begun that ends
in gambling houses and reckless degrada
tion. Young people must have fun and re
laxation somewhere ; if they do not find it
at their own hearthstones, it will be sought
af other and less profitable places. There
fore, let the fire burn brightly at night, and
make the homestead delightful with all
those little arts that parents so perfectly
understand. Don't repress the buoyant
spirit of your childien. Half an hour of
merriment, around the lamp and firelight
of a home, blots out the remembrance of
many a care and annoyance during the day;
and the best safeguard they can take with
them into the world, is the unseen influence
of a bright and domestic sensation.
ANYTHING which an honest man can do is
of course not to be considered as a merit,
but simply as a duty.
per /Annum, in Advance
THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH
[From the London Times, June 20.]
At length all the preparations connected
with the final departure of this great tele
graphic expedition are completed. On
Wednesday the Amethyst left the telegraph
works with the last length of 245 miles of
cable on board, and on Saturday the oper
ation of coiling this in was begun. This
work will probably last till the 22d inst.,
when the Great Eastern will have in her as
nearly as possible 7,000 tuns of cable, or,
including the iron tanks which contain it
and the water in which it was sunk, about
9,000 tuns in all. In addition to this she
has already 7,000 tuns of coal on board,
and 1,500 tuns more still to take in. This
additional weight, however, will not be
added until she leaves the Medway, which
she will do on the morning of the 24th, for
the Nore, when the rest of the coals and
special stores will be put on board, and
these will bring her mean draught down to
32| feet. Her total weight, including en
gines, will then be rather over 21,000 tuns,
a stupendous mass for any ship to carry,
but well within the capacity of the Great
Eastern, of which the measurement tun
nage is 24,000. Her way out from the
Nore will be by Bullock's Channel which
the Admiralty are having carefully buoyed
to avoid all risks in those rather shallow
waters. Before the following Spring tides
set in, about the 6th or 7th of July, the
Great Eastern will start for Valentia—
There she is expected to arrive about the
9th or 10th, and there she will be met by
the two ships of war appointed to convey
her —the Terrible and the Sphinx. Both
these vessels are being fitted with the best
apparatus for deep sea soundings; with
buoys and means for buoying the end of
the cable, if ever it should become neces
sary ; and with Bollen's uigbt-ligbt naval
signals, with which the Great Eastern is
likewise to be supplied. To avoid all chan
ces of accident, the big ship will not ap
proach the Irish coast nearer than 20 or 25
miles, and her stay off Valentia will be lim
ited to the time occupied in making a
splice with the massive shore end, which
for a length of 25 miles from the coast will
be laid previous to her arrival. This mon
strous shore end, which is the heaviest and
strongest piece of cable ever made, will be
dispatched in a few days, and be laid from
the head of a sheltered inlet near Cahirel
veeii out to the distance we have stated,
where the end will be buoyed and watched
by the ships of war till the Great Eastern
herself comes up. Some idea of the strength
and solidity of this great end may be
guessed by the fact that its weight per
mile is very little short of half the weiglitof
an ordinary railway metal. For the shore
end at Newfoundland only three miles are
required, and this short length will be sent
in the Great Eastern. When once the
splice is made from the great cable ship to
the English shore end —an operation which
will consume about five hours—the work of
laying the cable will instantly commence.
By that time every mile of the cable in the
three tanks will have been joined up, and
at a stated hour, morning and evening, a
series of signals will be sent through the
cable to the land at and thence to
London, giving the latitude and longitude
of the great ship, and state of the weather,
and the number of miles paid out. The ca
ble will be first taken out from the forward
tank, next from that amidsliip, and lastly
from that astern ; and if all goes well the
vessel should arrive with nearly 500 miles
of cable in her still unused, an excess
which is most wisely allowed in case of ac
cident. We may add that since the paying
out aparatus has been in work its action
has been faultless. Messrs. Canning, Clif
ford, and Temple have absolute charge of
all the details connected with the submer
gence. Mr. He Santy is in charge of the
electrical condition of the cable for the
makers, Mr. Varley goes to represent the
Atlantic Company, and Professor Thompson
as scientific adviser and referee. These
gentlemen, however, are only the chiefs of
the various large departmental staff which
will be on board.
With regard to the process of laying, it
is hoped the Great Eastern may be kept
throughout the whole voyage at a uniform
speed of six knots per hour, faster than
which it would not be safe, as a rule, to
run out the cable. At less speed than this,
however, the big ship would fail of steer
age way, and with a beam wind would cer
tainly go to leeward without some counter
acting influence. This influence, will be
afforded, if necessary, by the paddle-engines,
which are to be disconnected, and the ef
forts of one wheel at either side would be
quite sufficient to over-balance the effects
of anything but a very violent storm. This
latter risk is now literally all that has to
be feared. Everything else which human
foresight can suggest, either in cable or
ships, everything which long experience or
scientific progress can devise, has been
provided, and the success or failure of this
vast expedition is now only a question of
weather. On this only doubtful point,
therefore, it is gratifying to know that
('apt. Anderson is sanguine of all going
well. In his experience of many years and
hundreds of voyages backward and for
ward in command of the Cunard lines over
this very track of the Atlantic, he states
that in the early part of July it never blows
long or strong, and that during that time
he lias never even heard of any had wea
ther which could for a moment affect a
vessel like the Great Eastern. If these an
ticipations should prove correct —and there
are none better capable of forming them
than ('apt. Anderson—and if all goeß well,
both as to course and rate of steaming, tel
egraphic communications with the United
States may he looked for at the latest about
the 20th or 21st of next month. Yet, in
this estimate of events, it must not be for-
I gotten that in the last memorable expedi
tion in the Agamemnon, midsummer was
fixed on as the time when a storm in the
Atlantic was almost impossible, and the
records of the meteorological departments,
both here and in America, certainly justi
fied such an expedition, as they showed
that for fifty years no storm had takexi
place at that time. Yet it was precisely
on the 21st of June that the hurricane with
which the Agamemnon and Niagara had
been battling for some days was at its
height, and those on board the ill-starred
Agamemnon, at least, knew not Low hour
to hour which was to be their last. Most
earnestly is if to he wished that on this
great occasion the calculation of averages,
if not more just, may prow at feast more
fortunate. AB far AS regards the cable it
self there is absolutely nothing to be de
sired.
The Malta and Alexandria wire was an
enormous improvement on that by means
of which it was hoped to connect England
with the United States. That laid along
the Persian Gulf is again a great improve
ment on the Malta and Alexandria ; while
this which is to cross the Atlantic iB a still
more marked improvement on them all. So
exquisitely delicate are the tests that a
minute tlaw even in one of the four rout
ings of gutta-gercha has been detected, its
pit ice defined almost to a yard or so, and
I the length in which it occurred at once cut
I out. It is a singular but significant fact
that almost all the accidents and stoppages
which have occurred to submarine cables
have arisen from those which have been
laid in shallow water. A deep-sea line,
once well laid, seldom or never gives fu
ture trouble, except, of course, in those few
rare cases where the line has to be taken
over ocean depths known to be liable to
volcanic disturbances. Thus the deep-sea
portions of the Malta and Alexandria line
from Malta to Tripoli have, it is stated,
never given an hour's uneasiness, while the
shallow sections from Bengazi, Ac., to Al
exandria are constantly getting out of re
pair As a set-off to this, however, it is
only fair to state that shallow cables may
be repaired with as much facility as they
seem to break down ; while, on the other
hand, the first fault of a deep-sea line, is,as
a rale, its last.
NUMBER 7.
At the bottom of the Atlantic it is need
less to say that no volcanic disturbances
are apprehended. Along the route on
which the cable is to be laid the depths
vary from 1,200 to about 2,500 fathoms.—
The dangerous part of this course has hith
erto been supposed to be the sudden dip or
bank which occurs about a hundred miles
off the west coast of Ireland, and where the
water was supposed to deepen in the course
of a few miles from about 300 fathoms to
nearly 2,000. Such a rapid descent has
naturally 7 been regarded with alarm by tel
egraphic engineers, and this alarm has led
to a most careful sounding survey of the
supposed bank by Captain Dayman, acting
under the instructions of the Admiralty.—
The result of this shows that the supposed
precipitous bank, or submarine elifl", is a
gradual slope of nearly 60 miles. Over
this long slope the difference between its
greatest bight and greatest depth is only
8,760 feet, so that the average incline is,
in round numbers, about 145 feet per mile.
A good gradient on a railway is now gen
erally considered to be 1 in 100 feet, or
about 53 in a mile, so that the incline on
this supposed bank is only about three
times that of an ordinary railway. In fact,
as far as soundings can demonstrate any
thing, there are few slopes in the bed of the
Atlantic as steep as that of Holbern Hill.
In no part is the bottom rocky, and with
the exception of a few miles which are
shingly, only ooze, mud, or sand is to bo
found.
As regards the commercial prospects of
the undertaking, it may be stated that the
Atlantic Company have begun their work
under the renewed agreement with the
Government for a subsidy of £2O, 000 a
year, and, in addition, a guarantee of S per
cent upon a capital of £OOO, 000. All sys
tems of Government guarantee of this kind
are in themselves radically bad, and op
posed to every rule of free trade and com
mercial enterprise. In this case, however,
the guarantee is not only at variance with
the principles of political economy, but
possesses its own special attributes of ab
surdity. Thus, in return for their guaran
tee, which is only to continue in force while
the line is in working order, the Govern
ment demand that the maximum charge
for messages shall not exceed 2s. fid.
per word. With such a tariff the line would
be absolutely choked with messages, and
the company, in return for its overwork
and general maladministration of business,
would only receive a revenue of £250,000
a year. At a tariff of £1 per word, on the
contrary, the company, while guaranteeing
a message to and the, receipt of a reply
from any part of the United States within
24 hours, could with ease earn a revenue
of £1,000,000 a year,or nearly twice the cost
of the present cable. In fact, the Govern
ment guarantee is only conditional on the
line being in working order, and while it is
so working the company can, for the rea
sons we have stated, do ten times better
without it. If the shareholders are wise,
the sooner they shake off this clog upon
their enterprise the better. At present, it
is estimated that the operation of telegraph
ing can be safely conducted, day and night,
at the rate of from six to eight words a
minute. Both Professor Thompson aud Mr.
Varley, however, are confident that with
the new machines the} have invented this
rate may be increased to nearly 12 words a
minute. On this expectation, however, we
decline to venture an opinion. The dis
patch of a message of 100 words through
the line to America, and the clear receipt
of a similar number in reply, will, after the
cable has been laid, be accepted by the
company as a proof that the wire is in per
fect working order, and without further
formality it will at once be opened to the
use of the public. Most earnestly do we
hope that this greatest scientific undertak
ing may be followed by the commercial and
political success which the completion of
telegraphic communication with the United
States must achieve.
DEFENCE OF THE GOOSE. —It is a great
libel to accuse a goose of being a silly
bird. Even a tame goose shows much in
stinct and attachment ; and were its hab
its more closely observed, the tame goose
would be found to be by no means wanting
in general cleverness. Its watchfulness at
night-time is, and always lias been, prover
bial : and it certainly is endowed with a
strong organ of self-preservation. You
may drive over a dog, eat, lien, or pig ;
but I defy you to drive over a tame goose.
As for wild geese, I know of no animal,
biped or quadruped, that is so difficult to
deceive or approach.' Their senses of hear
ing, seeing, and smelling, are all extremely
acute ; independently of which they ap
pear to act in so organized and cautions a
manner when feeding or roosting, as to
defy all danger.— Sportsman.
WHERE THE FAULT LIES. —' Great brother,
said the moon to the sun, 'why is it that
while you never hide your face from me,
our poor sister, the earth, so often pines in
dimness and obscurity?'
' Little sister,' replied the sun, ' the
fault is not in me. You always behold me
as I am, and rejoice in my lights, but she
too often covers herself with thick clouds,
1 which even I cannot effectually pierce, and
i while she mourns my absence, ought to
know that 1 am ever near, and wait
for her clouds to pass, that i may reveal
| myself.'
I EAT, digest 5 read, remember ; earn, save,
love, and be loved. If these four rules be
! strictly followed, health, wealth, inteVigence
and true happiness will be the result.
THE man who lives in vain lives worse
i than in vain. He who lives to no purpose
lives to a bad purpose.