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I V.vadfonl Reporter.
THE OCEAN.
B The grout body of salt water which cov-
Bers. it is estimated, more than three-fitths
B "I the surface <>l the globe is denominated
m t . 1,
It ae Ocean. It is separated, however, into
several divisions which are known, respec
— tively, as the J'aciJie, tlie Atlantic, the In-
Idian, the Arctic, and the Ant-Arctic oceans, j
In a general sense the ocean is a unit, and j
these divisions are formed by the configur- j
ation of the countries and lands contiguous j
and surrounding them.
The depth of the ocean varies. As some |
portions of the surface of the land are high- !
or than others, —here cast into mountains ;
tad elevated table lands, and there having '
depressions and vallies, so is the bottom of j
the ocean presumed to present the same !
variety of surface. Its average depth is 1
estimated at one-fourth of a mile, but sound- j
ings in various places show a depth of from !
five to nine thousand feef, and if we judge
of its lowest depth by the hight of our loft
iest mountains, then it may even reach thir
ty thousand feet
In the brief remarks we are about to
make we shall speak of the ocean as a unit, j
What is common to one division is common
• i all, they all have tides, and currents,and
a -illness, and are the reservoios of the mil
f lions of billions of tons of fresh water
whieii are continually being brought down
■ from the heart of the great continents sur-
B rounding them. They are all and each,
■of them hourly and daily, receiving front
B the mouths of great rivers vast volumes of
B > 'lid matter which having slept for centur-
I! ies upon the loftiest peaks of the Andes,
_ the Alleghanies, and the Himalayas, are
I now being buried at the bottom of the
ocean, there to sleep through another sleep
of countless ages until they emerge again
from the deep.
It is known from the observations of our
j i -t eminent geologists, that the Gulf of
M xico is slowly filling up with the sedi
ment brought down the Mississippi river.
I .y.H's Geology, page 225, Ist vol.) "Great
- \;-marine deposits are in progress, stretch
ing far and wide over the bottom of the sea'
• Tli has become extremely shallow not
exceeding ten fathoms in depth." So also
; the 'l el low Sea oil the coast of China.—
■ Ami we have the highest authority for say
■ . .r that the Ganges annually empties more
■ I three hundred arid fifty millions of
us of the Asiatic continent, or as much
■ >1 id matter as enters into fhe structure of
■ - \ty Egyptian pyramids, each one equalling
B" greatest now standing, into the sea.—
tifT is not a stream, great or small,which
B'i not i sseu the hulk and weight of the
■ pre- nt e tit ineiit, nor which does not add
I i .at future one, which, in its own time
emerge frqm the deep.
: Ihe sediment suspended in the waters of
SB 1 Amazon is not only deposited tit the
outh of that river, but is met with in the
ni the Atlantic three hundred miles
the coast. It not only floors the bot-
H t "" 1 "ie Ail ad Atlantic but it is caught i
0 by tic- currents and swept into the <a
■ an sea and even into the Gulf of Mex
■ where it meets the counter current
earing the burthen of the Mississippi, and
B imis are the two portions of our western
oiitinent being broken down by the action
B if running water, and transported vast dis
inoes to form the substratum of another
I The various currents of the ocean serve
Bto distribute the heat of the tropics over
■ 'I. surface of the globe. The Gulf Stream
!s the most remarkable of these currents.
I St pours from the Gulf of Mexico through
Straits of Florida, and carries with it
uigh its whole course of many thousand
'ail s, a temperature of from 5 deg. to 8
a. above that of the surrounding water,
its rise, it is about seventy-five miles in
Ith, and preserves a uniform velocity of
' "iu three t<> live miles an hour, removing
"in the tropics a vast column of heat
'ich is carried across the Atlantic, and
iccurding tu Scorcsby even into the Polar
Mt.a. It is well known that places upon
B i n opposite coasts of Europe and America,
u'rcspondiiig in latitude, vary remarkably
B 'a temperature ; the European coast being
lunch warmer than the American. The
bull' Stream as it sweeps along the Amcri
-1 ati coast is comparatively but as a river
i" on its arrival on the banks of New
: "midland, it curves directly across to the
b.h ot Ireland expanding and Avidening
1 Us progress, when, having completed its
""''circle it rushes down past the countries
Europe, a broad, wide, still expanding
II 'cut, dispensing in every mile of its
1 "us.- the tropical heat of the gull". Still
' hot the straits of Gibraltar it meets
E>c southern polar current, is deflected to '
I west, makes the transit of the South
A 'antic Ocean as it did of the North At-
Ijj N/ I' I 'I ■'
E. O. GOODRICH, Publisher.
VOLUME X\V.
lantic and finds its place of beginning in
the Mexican Gulf. We have here a vast
revolving column or current of heated wa
ter, a vast cauldron or whirlpool as it has
been named, deriving its force of progres
sion from the accumulated waters of the
gulf, and from the peculiar configuration
and position of the West India Islands,and
circling the broad Atlantic as a belt of heat,
dispensing life to the nations.
But we cannot linger to notice the other
currents which abound in the ocean, neither
can we discuss the tides. We will however,
say a few words upon the saltness of ocean
water, though we know not its cause, not
tWq/ Providence has so designed it. It has
been presumed that the salt held in solu
tion by the water of the ocean preserved
it from putrefaction, and yet, the water at
rest does become putresent. Any sailor will
tell you that. As Coleridge expresses it,
" the very deep doth rot."
The water of the ocean holds in solution
nearly four per cent, of its weight, of salt,
and it is estimated, that the volume of its"
whole mass is more than three millions of
cubic miles, or a bulk equal to five times
that of the Alps. Dr. Beck, of New York,
says that it requires three hundred and fifty
gallons of sea water to make a bushel of
salt, while, of the brine of the Onondaga
Salt Springs, it needs but from thirty to
thirty-five gallons for the same object.
Those portions of sea water nearest the
the Tropic circles contain more salt than
those nearer the Equator, or even the poles,
and the Mediterranean sea contains more
than the Atlantic. The evaporation from
the surface is greater in the Mediterranean
than in any other body of water of the
same size upon tae globe, consequently,
more salt is retained in the water which re
mains in the bed, and if this be true, that
sea is being slowly changed to a bed of
salt.
There are some parts of the broad ex
panse of ocean which are comparatively
free of salt, and these have even been
known to supply ships with a fresh article
when much needed. We can account for
this only on the supposition that the ocean,
just there, was shallow, and that a spring
of fresh watdV was bubbling up from the
bottom.
The ocean is undoubtedly the source of
the salt found beneath the surface, whether
iu solid form as in the salt-mines of Poland,
Spain, England, America, Ac., or in the
brine springs of New York, and other
places. It was probably deposited in its
present beds by some old ancient ocean,
that rolled its waters were we now stand,
and told its existence only by the rocks,
coals, metals and minerals it precipitated
at its bottom, and which the energy and
enterprise of man, millions of years later,
is converting to the good of the race.
Beside the sediment detatched from con
tinents by the action of rivers, there is an
other agent which is gradually obliterating
or filling up the ocean bed, and one still
more effective in the work. Tn some seas,
especially those situated in the tropics, a
minute animal is constantly absorbing the
lime of the sea water, as well as the organ
ic impurities with which it abounds, and
leifh if building up islands in the midst of the
watery waste—islands, which commencing
front minute centers enlarge by the accre
tive industry of these apparantly insignifi
cant coral animals, and in long periods of
time become great continents, clothed with
verdure and the home of civilization and
refinement. Is it not too much to say, that
already the foundations of a new one is
laid, and its outposts defined. In the Paci
fic ocean there are groups of coral islands
and reefs of coral rock of hundreds, and in
a single instance, of a thousand miles in
extent, the sole work of coralline zoophy
tes, and in.my a good ship with its freight
of human life, encountering a barrier of
coral rock, lias been sent to the botton and
made no sign. We not only know that by
such means as these the bed of the ocean is
filling with solid matter, but that the con
tinent we inhabit was formed, in part, in
the same way. In all the stratified rocks
from the lowest to the highest, are found
abundant traces of coral action and indus
try, especially in all the limestone rocks
artd chalk formations in every portion of
the globe, whether in Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Illinois, or in the chalk cliffs of England,
Germany, and New Holland. Indeed,there
is no doubt but that the mountain forma
tions, everywhere, which arc not granitic
owe their origin to the two agencies men
tioned, to wit: the sediment of rivers de
posited by and the coral zoophytes working
their unceasing work in a pre-adamite ocean.
A thousand million years will fail to meas
ure the perpetuated life of this animal 1
This animal not only appropriates to its
work the time it finds in the surrounding
water,but it also seizes upon all the organic
matter which arises from animal and veget
able putrefaction, and in this way, the
ocean is cleansed from all these impurities
which in process of time would accumulate
and poison its whole mass.
We may close this paper by noticing that
singular appearance of the ocean which, by
some, has been termed its phosphorescence.
In tropical latitudes, at night, the surfaeo
of the water appears in a lda/.0, No spec?
taele can be more imposing or magnificent
than this luminous display—far as the eye
reaches a lambent flame crowns each grand
swell of the mighty flood, and the vessel's
path seems a long line of fire. The ship,
TO WANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., DECEMBER 15, 18G4.
the sails, are lighted by the reflection, as if
gas lights are burning below them, and
when particularly brillant, one may even
see to read. A bucket of this firey water
is one mass of glowing light when stirred
by the hand, and preserves its luminosity
for several nights. By some this phenome
non is ascribed to the presence of phos
phorus, but by others to animalculae.
The ocean is a common highway for tho
intercourse of nations. It is a theatre upon
which the fleets of the world engage in
commerce, it brings in contact the dwellers
in all climes, and being a common highway
it is the common property of the world, as
is the air, and the earth, and its entiro ap
propriation by one people,would constitute
a breach of national law. Upon its bosom
a considerable portion of our race find em
ployment. and from its depths another de
rives food. To the air it gives humidity,
to the earth heat and springs, and to the
rivers a home for their waters. *
CORIIESP ONDENCE.
HAIUUNBUEG, December 8, 1801.
MR. EDITOR :—On Thursday, Friday and
Saturday of last week, I looked for the
" BRADFORD REPORTER," but on the last two
days I did not see it, on Saturday, when
my mail was brought to me, I inquired with
some impatience if the Northern mail was j
not in, when told that it was, I looked in i
vain again for tho " BRADFORD REPORTER," .
and gave it up, concluding that 1 hud.been |
forgotten. So 1 commenced opening my i
letters and then reading my papers. After |
a while I discovered that I was reading the !
indentical paper for which I had so impa
tiently inquired, but so intielqwas it chang
ed in appearance, and increased in size that
I did not recognize either the head or the
body of so old tin aquaintance.
How a new dross improves a friend, es
pecially if it be nicely fitted and neatly put
on, and a new head dress, how it changes
the looks of the face.
I was really glad to witness such an im
provement in the appearance of the organ
of the Republican Party, in Bradford. With
such a majority as we have in the county,
we should sustain one of the largest couu
ty papers in the State. The " REPORTER"
should have at least live thousand paying
subscribers, and I see you will take no oth
ers, and an advertizing patronage that will
make the labor of conducting a good paper
pay well, The Republican voters of the
county owe it to themselves and to the
cause of right principles, that they have a
first class weekly paper, well sustained and
well conducted.
On Friday the 2d inst, Lieut. Irvine, of
this city, was shot while attempting to ar
rest deserters in Columbia County. He was
an estimable young man, in the prime of
life, with the prospect of a course of use
fulness and happiness before him, with a
young wife and infant daughter dependent
upon him. His death is the legitimate re
sults of the trachery of some of the prom
inent men in that section of the State. The
same results are being produced in Fulton
county, by the same kind of treachery. On
Monday tiie sth, another soldier was sacri
ficed to the careless use of fire-arms. In
the barracks the men had received new ri
fles, and one thoughtlessly exploded a cap
upon his gun, which proved to be loaded.
The piece was discharged and the contents
passed through the bunk of a fellow soldier
who was sitting upon it writing a letter to
his wife and took effect in the bowels of
the poor man. He lingered a few hours
and died in the most excruciating pain.—
How many brave men have thus been kill
ed, just by carelessness. They have, many
of them, marched undaunted up to the can
non's mouth have stormed and taken fortifi
cations, made and repelled fierce charges,
defended and taken death-dealing batteries,
and have dared death in every form that it
can be presented upon the little field, where
it is considered glory to die, and have come
forth from all unharmed, perhaps to go
home to be welcomed by loving families
and grateful fellow citizens, and then to be
shot in ones own hard bed, by mere care
lessness is hard, to die thus, is to die a use
less death. When will men learn to he
careful ?
The Presidential electors met in the Sen
ate chamber on the 7th, at 12 o'clock, noon.
Tl.e college was presided over by Hon.
Morton McMichael, who was called to the
chair on the motion of Hon. John P. Penny,
of Alleghany. The president upon taking
his seat, delivered a finely written address
to his fellow members, lie made no use
less apologies, made no excuses, proffered
no thanks, did not say that he was unex
pectedly called upon to preside, and he
craved their indulgence, His address was
written, and evidently was prepared with
great care, and struck me, as I heard it
read, as being one of the finest productions
I ever listened to.
The electoral college for 1864, was, for
it uow ceases to le, a dignified body, most
of ilie members were in the meridian of
life, although there were two or three quite
grey, and several whose locks were thickly
set with grey hairs, and two whose heads
were as white as the driven snow. It was
to me a solemn sight. Those men were
here to perform a most responsible act in
the name of the voters of this Common
wealth, The whole transaction was some
what formal, but dignified and impressive.
The act was done, Abraham Lincoln of
course received the whole twenty-six votes
REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER. '
for President, and Andrew Johnson for Vice-
President of the United States, for the next
four years. The electoral college for 18G4
was prorogued, or ceased to exist, and the
members met at the house of Hon. Simon
Cameron to regale themselves upon the
good things which had been there prepared
for them, after which they separated to
meet no more on this side the river of
death. ' X.
WASHINGTON', Saturday, Dec. 3, 18C4.
Members of Congress are arriving by
every train, and by Monday, sth inst., noon,
the time for the commencing of the second
session of the 38th Congress, nearly every
member will be found in his place. There
is an expressed determination among mem
bers to proceed at once, and with an ear
nest determination, to the work necessary
to be done at this session.
It is understood that several of the chair
men of the respective committees have
been in consultation with Heads of Depart
ments in respect to the more important
measures to be passed this session. The
revenue and appropriation bills will be re
ported early from the Committee of Ways
and Means, and the Military Committee
will lie prepared to report early, a bill
to provide for raising the requisite number
of troops for the closing up the war, by
crushing out all armed force in the rebell
ows states. The policy which seems most
in favor for replenishing the army with men,
is to give two or three months for volun
teering, and offering a Government bounty
of two or three hundred dollars, after that
time bounties to cease, and quotas not being
filled drafting will bo resorted to sometime
in March.
Every thing concurs, so far as the infor
mation we get from the army, and of the
condition of affairs in the revolted States
goes, to lead us to the conclusion that the
force of the rebellion is nearly spent.—
Thomas is taking care of Flood, and has
just defeated him at Franklin ; and Sher
man is dashing through Georgia, and will
probably, within ten days, strike the Atlan
tic sea coast at Savannah, three hundred
miles away,from Atlanta, destroying ou his
march, all the railway communications,
with scarcely any opposition, other than a
few squads of raw militia, showing almost
conclusively that the rebels are powerless
to dispute his passage. By this bold and
masterly enterprise of Gen. Sherman, " the
confederacy" will be as effectively divided
by the line of the Savannah river, for mili
tary purposes, as it is by the Mississippi.—
It must also have the effect to ultimately
compel the rebel army soon to evacuate
Richmond and Petersburg, and in fact the
whole state of Virginia,
I have not many items of news to give
you at this time, but after Congress gets
fairly at work, will endeavor to give you
such information of their doings, as will be
of most importance to your readers.
Yours, truly. COMB.
THE FOOTSTEPS OF DECAY.
[The following is a translation from an ancient
Spanish Poem, which, says the Edinlmrg JfenVir,
is surpassed by nothing with which we are acquaint
ed in the Spanish language, except the "Ode of
Louis de Leon."]
Oh ! let the soul its slumbers break-
Arouse its senses and awake,
To see how soon
Life, in its glories glides away,
And the stern footsteps of decay
Come stealing on.
And while we view the rolling tide,
Down which our flowing minutes glide
Awayso fust,
Let us the present hour employ,
And deem each future dream a joy
Already past.
Let 110 vain hope deceive the mind—
No happier let us hope to find
To-morrow than to-day.
Our golden dreams of yore were bright,
Like the present shall delight—
Like them decay.
Our lives like hasting streams must be,
That into one engnlpliing sea
Are doomed to fall—
The sea of death whose waves roll on
O'er king or kingdom, crown and throne,
And swallow all.
Alike the river's lordly tide,
Alike the humble rivulets glide
To that wave;
Death levels poverty and pride,
And rich and poor sleep side by side
Within the grave.
Our birth is hut a starting place j
Life is the running of the race,
And death the goal ;
There all our glittering toys are brought—
The path alone, of all unsought,
Is found of all.
Kee then how poor and little worth
Are all these glittering toys of eartli
That lure us kate 1
Dreams of a sleep that death must break,
Alas ! before it bids us wake,
We disappear.
Long ere the damp of earth can blight.
The cheeks pure glow of red and white
Has passed away,
Youth smiled and all was heavenly fair-
Age come and laid his linger there,
And where are they.
Where is the strength that spurned decay.
The step that roved so light and gay,
The heart's blithe tone ?
The strength is gone, the step is slpw,
And joy grows wearisome and woe!
When age comes on.
MEN of quick fancy more easily reoonoilo
themselves t<> the loved one when she is
absent than when she is present.
A NIGHT IN THE PHILLIPINES.
Next evening we had another bent at
story-telling ; and after I had related one
or two of my adventures in South Africa,
Gapt. Manson proposed to give us a chapter
of his experience, which proposition, of
course, we were glad enough to accept. He
told us as follows :
"On the third voyage which I made in
command of the ship Winthrop, I took in
part of cargo of tea at Canton, and then
slipped down to the Philippine Islands to
fill up with dried fruit and spices. We cast
our anchor in the harbor of Manilla ; but
the articles we wanted were not delivered
as I desired. There was much delay oc
casioned by some trouble with the Chinese
porters ; so that we were two weeks ie ac
complishing what might have been done in
four days One day while we were thus
delayed, I went on shore with my rifle, and
took a horse for a turn in the country. I
went alone, but not from choice. My officers
had an engagement with the officers of an
English ship, which they did not like to
break : and I did not urge them to do so.
Still it was not unpleasant to ride alone, for
sometimes 1 love to be by myself, where I
can think and commune as 1 please.
" On the present occasion 1 took a road
that led to the eastward, towards the rice
lands, and as the scenery was attractive, I
cantered on until I was far away from the
city and its surroundings. I had ridden, T
should judge, fifteen miles, without seeing
anything worth shooting, and was begin
ing to think that I should carry back the
same bullet in my rifle which I had put in
before I had left the ship, when 1 heard a
flapping close by ine upon my right, and
upon looking in that direction I saw an
enormous heron fly up from a rice bed and
steer away to the southward. I had heard
of those birds—l had heard that they lqjd
been captured measuring over six feet in
height—anil if 1 had doubted the statement
before, I did not doubt it after 1 saw that
fellow rise. I wanted hiui very much, and
1 was determined to have him if the thing
were within the bounds of possibility. I
might, had I been prepared, have taken him
on the wing, but before I could get my rifle
into position lie was too Tar away. I watched
him, and saw him settle down behind some
trees, about half a mile off, and after a lit
tle hunting 1 found a path leading that way,
which seemed linn enough to give safe
passage to my horse. You will understand
that the district of these rice-fields is low
and marshy.
" The path I had taken led through a
thicket of small palms, and at length 1 came
out upon the shore of a broad lake or la
goon, which looked like some of the dismal
swamps of Florida. I saw my monster
heron upon an island, some two hundred
yards distant, and I determined to fire at
him, whether I got him or not. For this
purpose I dismounted and hitched my horse
to a tree, and then sought a place where I
could find a rest for my rifle. While 1 was
thus engaged I discovered a small boat
made fast among s< >me tall reeds, not more
than ten rods off; and as this gave me op
portunity to reach the island, I made up my
mind to be more particular in my aim. 1
found a good rest, and in a very few mo
ments more the bird tumbled over with a
bullet through the breast. I then hastened
to the boat, which I found to be a sort of a
raft-like gondola, almost as broad as it was
long, furnished with a good paddle, and only
fastened by a manilla rope. It cost me
some little effort to get the thing into the
water, but I succeeded after a while, and
was soon on my way to the island, which 1
reached without further difficulty. 1 drove
the boat up on the surface of the soft mud,
and leaped ashore, sinking in to the knees
where 1 had expected to find firm footing.
But 1 did not mind this. 1 scrambled on,
and was soon upon a better foundation. J
found my bird dead ; and when I beheld
his proportions, and thought what a valu
able addition his stuffed skin would make
to my museum, I forgot the labor and the
mud. I was stooping to turn my prize over,
when I fancied that I heard something
moving behind me, and upon looking around
I saw my boat swinging away from the
shore. As quickly possible 1 leaped to
wards the water's edge, but before 1 could
roach the boat I was up to my middle in
the soft mud. I stretched forth my hands,
and made one desperate effort to seize the
departing craft, but 1 failed to touch it, and
sank deeper into the mud, and there I stood,
almost up to my arm-pits in the slough, and
saw my boat float lazily off, hopelessly be
yond my reach.
" A happy thought dawned upon me. I
would get up out of the mud, and undress
myself, and swim for my boat. 1 could leap
far enough out to strike clear water. But
we can't always do as we would ; and often
times man's most promising plans are
knocked in the head by circumstances be
yond his control. I had just perfected the
swimming plan in my mind, and was strug
gling to free myself from the uiud, when
something appeared to me that caused uie
to hasten my movements in a most extra
ordinary manner. This accellcrating pres
ence was nothing more nor less than an en
ormous crocodile. The ugly monster lay
with his head towards me, ey ing me sharply,
and evidently calculating how large a mor
sel I would make. And he ii was probably
that had disturbed the boat. The instinct
of self-preservation gave me strength, and
while I struggled up and back I splashed
with my hands, and yelled with my lungs,
making all the noise and commotion Icould
The fellow did not attack me, and I finally
succeeded in reaching firm ground, where I
sat down to rest, for the effort of extracting
myself from that sticky trap had used up
the last atom of my strength.
"When I had gained breath enough to en
able ine to stand without an effort, I got up
and looked about me. My position was
surely not an enviable one. The island, of
which 1 was at that moment lord and mas
ter, was not more than five or six rods long,
by about four broad, and was covered with
reeds. There was a clump of low water
bushes upon one side, but there was no such
tiling as a tree upon it. There I was, in pos
session of thp dead heron, and 1 felt that 1
liad niosl emphatically caught a Tartar. —
The boat was drifting away before a gentle
breeze, towards that part of the main above
from which 1 had come, and for me to swim
to it was out of the question. The croco
dile had disappeared, but I knew that ho
would very quickly find me if I ventured
per A-iiiium, in Auvanoe.
into the .water. lis too J there, contemplat
ing tlie scene, until the boat had drifted
upon the distant shore, and then 1 sat down
again. My only hope of escape was that
sumo one might come to the lake in search
ot me. J3 ut what if no one came ? Bat
what if those who sought me did not find
this sunken hole ? The thought was a very
unpleasant one. 1 was thus engaged when
I noticed that my horse was uneasy. Some
thing had frightened him. At length he
gave a heavy pull and freed himself from his
fastening, and in a few seconds more I had
seen the last of him.
" I had sat ttycro half an hour, or more ;
and the sun was sinking so low that the
shadows fell entirely across the lake, when
1 observed a commotion in the water be
fore me, and presently two large crocodiles
made their appearance, looking very hun
gry, and betrayed an evident desire to eat
me up. I seized my rifle and fired at the
nearest one, upon which they quickly dis
appeared. The suu went down, and the
last gleam of daylight faded away. I sat
beside my dead heron, but dared not go to
sleep. When I felt the*drowsy spirit com
ing upon me, I started up and paced 4o and
fro across the narrow island But this
could not be kept up. Towards mid-night,
as I sat beside my bird, my head sank up
on its soft, feathery breast, and 1 was
asleep before T knew it. I do not think I
slept long, however. Something oppress
ed me, and 1 awoke with a suffocating sen
sation, to find my nostrils inhaling a strong
sickening odor. The moon had risen, and
by its light 1 saw an enormous crocodile,
with its horrible jaws not six feet from me.
To cock a pistol and flatten a ball against
his armor was but the work of a moment;
and as J leaped to my feet with my rifle in
my hand, the fellow turned arid scrambled
for the water.
" I slept more tliat night, and no more
! crocodiles visited inc. When daylight came
i again 1 began to consider anew the chances
of my being found by my friends. If they
I inquired for ine at Manilla they would cer
tainly learn which road I had taken from
the city ; and if they followed that road as
far as 1 had come, they might discover, by
the tracks of my horse, where I had turn
ed oil. Another thing, too, I considered
favorable ; they would go to the hostelrie
where I had hired the horse, and they would
find that the animal had come home with
out me. This would certainly lead them
quickly to search for me. My first impulse,
upon finding the daylight upon me, was to
tire some signal guns ; but upon reflection
I concluded that I had better wait until
my people could have time to come out
from the city, for 1 had not powder enough
to load many times.
1 waited until the sun had been up two
hours, and then I discharged my rifle. 1
was hungry and faint, and the dampness of
the night had helped to waste my strength.
By and by 1 tired again, potting in as much
powder as I thought would bum with pro
lit. 1 had fired thus, at intervals of about
ten minutes, until 1 had but one charge
left, and I was beginning to calculate anew
upon my chances, and to think of what
would be the result if I was not found,when
a most welcome sight broke upou my vis
ion I saw some of my men coming down
toward the lake. I fired my last charge,
and as they thus gained a knowledge of
my wliereabouts, they hastened on, and
were soon at the water's edge. 1 made
them understand where the boat was ; and
when they had found it, and I knew that!
was safe, I sunk down, and was fairly
asleep when they reached inc.
"My friends had followed me just as I
had anticipated. They had found my horse
at the hostelrie, and having learned the di
rection I had taken, they set forth. They
might not, however, have discovered the
place where 1 had turned off from the road,
had they not heard tlie report of my rifle.
I got back to my ship with a whole skin,
where a small quantity of brandy and a
very generous quantity of nourishing food
soon restored me to myself. A skillful tax
idermist, whom I found on the shore, pre
pared the skin of my heron for mo, and it
now holds a place in my cabinet, by the
side of the Java Rock .Snake."
J'HE SCHOOL HOUSE. —Teachers ami par
rents should make it a duty to see that the
circumstances under which children study
are such as shall leave a happy impression
upon their minds. Young scholars will
gradually and unconsciously become like
what they most look upon.—Little children
are wonderfully suspeotible for good or
evil.
Shabby school houses induce slovenly
habits. Unswept floors indicate cobweb
by brains. 111-made benches not only warp
and dwarf the body, but, by reflex influ
ence, the mind as well. Why are children
so often discouraged and even disgusted at
school ? Because the school house seems a
prison, ami the furniture as instruments of
torture.
Xo matter how old or unfashionable your
school house—keep it clean. Iliile its
sombre walls with pictures, embower its
weather beaten exterior, with flower vines,
and decorate its yard with shrubbery.—
Then the birds will come singing welcomes
to your children. Then the young immor
tals that enter its dour will be won by love
and beauty. They* will be enchained as if
by sweet magic, and their minds will be
awakened to learning and virtuous instruc
tion, with links of gold brightening and
strengthening forever and ever.— Easfoii
Sentinel.
SOLITUDE. —More and greater sins are
committed when men are alone than when
they keep themselves in fellowship. When
Eve in l'aradise walked alone, then came
the evil and deceived her. Whoever is
amongst men and in honest company, is
ashamed to sin, or, at least, he has no
place or opportunity to do so. When to
wais, he fell into adultery and murder ;
and T have myself found that 1 have never
sinned more than when I was alone. Soli
tariness invitcth to melancholy, and a per
son alone has often sonic hgavy and evil
thoughts, so hath he strange thoughts, and
construed everything in the worst sense.—
Melancholy is an instrument of the devil,
by which lie accomplished his wicked pur
poses. The deeper a person is plunged in
to that state, the more power the devil hath
Over him. To live in an open, public state
is the safest. Openly, and amongst other
persons, a man must live civilly and hon
estly, must appear to fear Hod, and do his
; duty towards men.— Luther.
TIM STOOPS.
1 never undertook but once, said Tim, to
set at naught the authority of my wife.—
You know her way—cool, quiet but deter
mined as ever grpw. Just after we were
married, and all was nice and cosy, she gut
me iuto the habit of doing all the churning.
She finished breakfast rather before me one
morning, and slipping away from the table,
she filled the churn with cream, ami set it
down where I couldn't help seeing what
I was wanted. So I took hold readily enough
1 and churned until the lmtter came. She
1 didn't thank me, but looked so nice and
I swept about it that 1 felt well paid.
■ Well when the next churning day came
along, she did the same thing, and I foliow
:ed suit, and fetched the butter. Again and
! again it was done just so, anc I was reg
ularly set for it every time. Not a word
said, you know, of course. Well, bv and
| by this began to be rather irksome ; 1 wnn
, tod her just to ask me, but site never did,
j and I wouldn't say anything about it to
! save my life. So on we went. At last I
1 made a resolve that 1 would not churn
| another time until she asked me. ''burning
day came, and when my breakfast—she
i always got nice breakfasts—when that was
i swallowed, there stood the churn. I got
I up, and standing for a lew minutes just to
I give her a chance, I put ou my hat and
walked out of doors. I stopped in the yard
I to give her time to call me, but never a
! word said she, and so with a palpitating
heart I moved on. 1 went down town, ami
; uiy foot was as restless as Noah's dove. I
1 felt as if 1 had done a wrong. 1 did not
1 feel exactly how—but there was an indes
cribable sensation of guilt resting on me
, all the forenoon.
It seemed ;ts if dinner time would lever
' come, and as for going home one minute
! before dinner, 1 would as soon have cut my
1 cars off. So I went fretting ami moping
j around town till dinner-hour came. Tl >me
I went feeling very much as a criminal
, must when the jury is out having in their
. hands his destiny—life 01* death. 1 e> uldn't
make up my mind exactly how she would
meet me, but some kind of storm 1 expected.
Will you believe it—she even greeted-me
i with a smile- never had a better dinner fur
! lue than on that day ; but there stood the
j churn just where I left it. Not a word was
! said : I felt confoundedly cut, and every
mouthful of that dinner felt as if it would
| choke me. She didn't pay any regard t it,
I however, but went on just exactly as if
j nothing had happened. Before dinner was
lover, I had again resolved, and shoving
i back my chair, 1 marched to the churn ami
I went at it just in the old way. Splash, dip,
j rattle—l kept it up. As if in spite, the
butter was never so long in coming, I sup
i posed the cream standing so loug had got
J warm, and so 1 redoubled my efforts.
Obstinate matter, the afternoon wore
away while I was churning. I paused at
last from real exhaustion, when she spoke
for the first time. "Come, Tom, ray dear,
■you have rattled that buttermilk long
enough—it is for fun you are doing it ! "
I knew how it was "n a flash. She had
brought the butter in the forenoon and had
left the buttermilk in for me to exercise
with ! 1 never set up for myself in house
hold matters after that.
HOW INDIA RUBBER SHOES ARE MADE.
The New York Journal of Commerce, in
an interesting article on the inamifaetur. s
of Connecticut, gives the following account
of the manner in which India Rubber shoos
are made ;
"Contrary to the general impression,
India Rubber, in the process of manufact
uring, is not melted, but is passed through
heated iron rollers, the heaviest of which
weigh 20 tons, and thus worked or km-ad
| cd, as dough is at a bakery. The rubber is
nearly all procured from the mouth of the
Amazon in Brazil, to which point it is sent
from the interior. Its form upon arrival,
is generally that of a jug or pouch, as the
natives use clay molds of that shape, which
they repeatedly dip into the liquid caout
chouc, until a coating of the desired thick
ness accumulates, when the clay is broken
and emptied out.
The rubber after being washed, chopped
fine and rolled to a putty like consistency,
is mixed with a compound of metalie sub
stances principally white lead and sulphur,
to give it body or firmness. Those sln-els
designed For the soles of sir os are passed
tinder rollers having a diamond figured
surface . From these the soles are cut by
hand, and the several pieces required to
perfect the shoe are put together by fe
males 011 a last. The natural adhesion of
the rubber joins the seams. The shoes are
next varnished and baked in an oven capa
ble of holding about 2000 pairs, and heated
to about 300 degrees, where they remain
seven or eight hours. This is called the
vulcanizing process, by which the rubber is
hardened.
A large quantity of cotton cloth anil cot
ton flannel is used to line shoes, and is ap
plied to the surface of the rubber while it
is yet in sheets. Not a particle of any of
these materials is lost. The scraps of rub
ber are remcltcd, and the bits of cloth are
chopped up with a small quantity of rubber,
and rolled out iuto a substance resembling
pasteboard, to form the iuner sole. The
profits of this business have been some
what curtailed, of late, by Ute prevailing
high price of rubber, which has varied with
in a year from twenty to sixty cents per
pound. The demand however is very large.
A species of rubber shoe lined with flannel,
is extensively used in some parts of the
country as a substitute for the rubber
shoe."
A CAUTIOUS MAN.—As a pedestrian tourist
was lately proceeding toward Trenton, he
asked a man who was breaking stones by
the roadside how long it would take him to
reach that place? The man looked at him
without speaking, and then resumed his
work. The question was repeated with
the same result, and at last the traveller
walked on. He had not proceeded inoro
than a hundred yards when the man called
after him, and made a sign for him to re
turn. When the pedestrian, reached the
stone-breaker, the latter said to him: "It
will take you an hour to reach Trenton."—
" Then why did you not tell me so at first ?"
said the traveller. " Why," replied the
man, " it was necessary for me first to see
at what rate-you walked, and, front the way
you step out, 1 am now able to say that
you can do the distance in an hour."
EPITAPH on a celebrated Strategist who
fell with Antietam ;
At bis bead, a worn-out spade :
At bis feet, a broken piteln-r ;
TTcro, in bis il last ditch " is laid.
Mac, the everlasting ditcher.
A WIPE in San Francisco lately put a pe
tition for divorce in the court 011 the ground
that her husband was a "confounded fool."
The court wouldn't admit the plea, because
almost every married man would be liable
to the same imputation. Did you ever?
WHY is beauty like the engine of a rail
way? Because she draws a train after her,
scatters the sparks, transports the mails,
(males) and makes us forget time and
space.
NUMBER 29.