Jf DOLLAR AMD FIFTY OTS PER ANNUM INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
Thursday Morning, April 30, 1863.
Sdtrieb ,J
———
(From Davis'lrish Ballads.)
THE WELCOME.
romt in the evening, or come iu the morning,
Cccie when you're looked for. or come without warning;
Sisses and welcome you'll find here before,
iod ibeeft'ner you come here the more I'll adore you.
-jght is my heart since the day we were plighted,
Bed is my cbeek that they told m# was blighted ;
The "ree Q of 'h* s trees l oo '' B far feener than ever,
iad linnets are siuging, " True lovers don't sever 1"
I'll pull y°u sweet flowers, to wear if you choose them,
0; after you've kissed them, they'll lay on my bosom ;
j -1 fetch from the mountain its breeze to inspire you ;
I'll fetch from my fancy a tale that won't tire yon.
Oh! your steps like the rain to the summer-vex'd farmer,
Or sable and shield to a knight without armor ;
I'll sing you sweet songs till the stars rise above me.
Then, wandering, I'll wish you in silence, to love me.
We'll look through the trees at the cliff and the eyrie,
We'll tread round the path on the track of the fary ;
We'll look on the stars, and we'll list to the river,
Till yon a.-k "f your darling what gilt you can give her.
Oh! shell whisper you " Love as unchangeable beaming,
iod trust, when in secret, most tunefully streaming,
Til! the starlight of heaven above us shall quiver,
And our souls flow in one down eternity's river."
go, come in the evening, or come in the morning,
Come when you'r looked for, or come without warning ;
Kisses and welcome you'll find here before yon,
And the oft'ner you come here the more I'll adore you,
Light is my heart since the day we were plighted,
fed is my cheek that they told me was blighted ;
The gicen of the trees looks far greener than ever,
And the linnets are singing " True lovers don't sever."
Ulisre Ilantous.
Letter from Virginia.
FALNUUTU, VA. , April I, 1863.
MR EDITOR; —Thinking that a few lines
fain our Skeleton Brigade would be acceptable
I bare sat myself down under the sheltf r of
cjY little tent and I will fry to express my
thoughts on paper. Our cump ground is situ
iled within a mile of Falmouth, which is a
tort of half ay place for the First Families
as they style themselvs. There is a specimen
of them here on our parade ground ; I have
Yi.-ited them seeking to learn the great secret
which makes the first family but as Uncle
Samael't fare keeps a man from seeing things
in the same light us the Chivalry do, you will
please excuse my want of appreciation, for I
eon not see anything bat what is sadly on the
decliue. The residents are dressed in a prim
itive style ; as for furnature, the least we say
th? better. From this house we can see the
favatd city of Fredrkkburg the place w here
so nany of our gullant boys are sleeping the
sleep from which there is no awakeuing. In
the attwept U drive the Rebel* from this
stronghold,our Brigade, which was the second
to crofs the liver,suffered a great deal. After
had gained a footing, we were formed in
different parties and ordered to clear the towu
of all who we might find in arms. Our Reg
iment was ordered to clear the third street
from the Pontoou Bridge; this was soon done;
*e found nearly every house deserted the cit
izens having fled with the first ray of light
• hen our artillery commenced the work of des
truction. After clearing the town and post
big the 71st Reg. P. V. on picket, we weie
'"Owed to stack arms and make ourselves as
comfortable as the hail of rebel 6hot and shell
*culd allow. We spent the night examining
the buildings they had left standing for our
ns Morning found us all again in line ready
to a tack the rebels, whom we could see peep
lii? from behind their stone breastworks, and
after waiting patiently for three hours we
*cre led on the field cf battle by our gallant
Brigadier General OWENS The march from
the streets where we had laid all uig'nt to the
se!d of strife was gone over in as short a time
a ' the nature of the ground would allow ; after
coming from the shelter of the city we were
exposed to the fire of all the rebel batteries,
cs they were posted along the top of the hill
w oi!e their iufantry lay in the ravines formed
kj a small rise in the ground just in front
°f their artillery. Proceeding along we came
t° a canal—wq started to cross the slender
o-dge when they opened on us from all di-
Action having a cross fire on us from this
time 'till we hud gained our point and laid
down, which we had to do on account of reiu
forcnuents not coming np. We were laying
f oady to spring up iu line of battle—the six
ty'tiinth was on the right, the sevety-second
the next, while our regiment came in on the
,e 't Throughout the whole of the three day s
f htlling t our hoys proved themselves worthy of
the name Veterans, which our late brave cora
c&cder, BURNS, styled us.
A LA RAPPAHANNOCK.
V"OOD PAPER. —There is an establishment
Rover's Ford, Mont. Co'y, carried on by
& Co., which manufactures paper from
°°d. Any kind of while wood is used.—
• f orn five to six euros are consumed each day.
About two and a naif tons of paper are
"uactcred per day. running day and night.
* sfty hands are employed, tnu the peper
by a, nuraoer of our lending newsca
*rß- Trio irent of nakiag writing oa
■*' 'S j' St t!' s-d. " h.'j a"t if 31S.tr.'up
Pvar out o # id in dseidrdiy *. ncfeity,
-'9 wen worti the a:taiioa of the curt
•or
THE BRADFORD REPORTER.
Extract of a Letter from Fort Doneteon.
FORT DONELSON, March 28,1863.
DEAR ONES AT HOME ;—To-day finds me on
board the boat Fanny Mcßurnie, now laying
near Fort Douelson, awaiting the soon expect
ed arrival of a Gunboat, to accompany her on
to Nashville, as the rest of the voyage is more
or less dangerous without the assistance of
such a boat—it would, therefore, be impru
dent to leave this point without some means
of defence to accompany us to our destination.
There are, also, a good many soldiers aboard
without arms, beside many valuable articles be
longing to Uncle Sam. It would be quite a
handsome little prize for the rebs to crow over,
besides some little loss to the Government.—
There are also five other boats uuder the same
circumstances, awaiting the the motion of a
Gunboat. The Captain of the boat is well
aware of the danger that is before us ; he says
he will lay here till the boat rots before he wilj
leave without they give the crew arms or the
aid of a Guuboat. ID fact it is not safe to
stuy here, for the place is threatened every
day. The rebels made a desperate attack on
this place about three weeks ago, 5000 strong
there were ODIJ 500 Federals, but they held
the place.
Our trip from Camp Chase, Ohio, was pleas
ant, and we availed ouselves of the opportuni
ty to make it as agreeable as possible. The
following song, which is very popular amoog
the boys, may hit hard on
YE COPPERHEADS.
BT ONE OR ABKAHAUB CHOSEN CHILDREN.
Fellow soldiers of the Cumberland,loyal, brave and true,
Who have left your northern firesides southern traitors
to subdue—
Let's fend home for a Copperhead, a regular blatant cuss,
And the beauties of a soldier's life make him share with
QB.
We'll put him in a " pup" tent, with the cold ground for
his bed.
With no rubber-blanket anderneath.no Government over
head ;
Let him shiver there till morning, sleepless and in pain,
And ea.h succeeding night the same thing do again.
At. breakfast time no dainty dish his appetite wo'd tempt
For from snch little business most soldiers are exempt-
Poor bacon'should he breakfast on. rusty, poor and bla:k
Accompanied by coffee weak, and miserable hard tack.
Then preparations quickly make, get evything in trim,
March 1 im off on picket, and inay insects pick at him ;
May every bush a rebel seem, atrange sounds salute his
ears.
Aud all be sees and all be hears but serve to 'wake his
fears.
Let him slosh bound shoeless in the mud, into puddles
fall.
And always late at dinner be, also at bugle call,
While shivering 'round the camp-fire may he burn bis
boots and clothes,
May the smoke blow always in his eyes and go tingling
up his nose.
May be eix months without money be end no trusting
sutler 'bout,
And should he get his canteen filled may it somehow all
leak out 1
May lie never have a postage stamp, and for his aching
jaw,
Ol tobacco, not quite half enough, for even half a chaw,
Forced marches may he have to make, in rain, and anow,
and mud,
The driving rain his clothing soak, the chill wind freeze
his blood—
And that th? beauties of a march he might the better see
Rheumatic twinges all day,have and the chronic diarrhoea-
From N'ashv ille down to Hunterville, the coming summer
days,
Let him hoof it on the dusty pike beneath the sun's hot
rays—
His feet with blisters covered ; his limbs all weak and
lame,
And I guess be'll think a soldier's life is any thing but
tame.
Infested may his clothing be with all the little fry,
l'bat the soil of Alabama can so abundantly supply ;
Have all bis dirty shirts to wash in water scant and black
Shirtless and dirty week's to go, no clean rags for his
back.
And when the conflict rages fierce, keep him always in
the front,
Let him teel beside exposure the battle's fiercest brunt;
Let minnies whistle round his bead, shrieking shell burst
near.
Let him keenly feel the agonies which alone the guilty
fear.
And finally in a hospital, minus a leg or so,
Somewhat emaciated, and most dreadfully low,
We'll lay what's left of Copperhead upon a dirty bunk,
To regain his wasted energies on weak tea and tough
chunk.
To the call of Unle Abraham we cheerfully all flew,
Severed the ties that bound our hearts, bade cherished
ones adieu—
And we will not brook the insults which are heaped upon
our heads,
By the traitorous Northern cowards, the slimy Copper
head.
GEO. L. COVERT.
Co. C. 7th Pa. Vol.
Letter from Denver City.
DENVER CITY, March 27, 1863.
E. O. GOODRICH, E-Q , — Dear Sir :—To
day chaDce placed iu my way a BRADFORD RE
PORTER. I was ranch please to see yourself
still occupyiug the 44 tripod." Many pleasant
recollections were called up at the sight of
the fatniiiar names! find in it. 'Tis seven years
since I left houe&t o!d Bradford! I have all
this time been sojourning in the great West,
and have for the last Latea years dwelt in the
goodly ci'y of Dtr.ver, county cf Arrpc-'oo,
and Territory o; Oc'jrado. Ti..a i.. eft? of
four years, acuta iif enoct fire 'n-
Da'j'ttttits, di'ty Svcree, the Nr'si
fs'oonj, *oj" bunts, for * fcstt .
—a (id gr.r&e f.toond v.v-s—t3ea:*e, *
c.baretUo, Caibshc, M-tts ■dirt
aor toco, foot Ur rrru tod
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. 0. GOODRICH.
a few gay gamblers, and their attendants.—
But on the whole Denver is quite a Christian
city. In '6O matters looked blue. Shooting
was one of the polite amusements, but oow we
have a Mayor, Common Council, &c., and if
any one kills a man now he is called npon to
show cause. The buildings are largely con
structed of wood, though maoy hoe bricks are
completed. Busiuess is very good. Climate
the best I ever saw. The story of stock do
ing well in winter, which I would not believe
when I was in the East, I will not ask you to
believe now, yet it is a fact. Cattle fatten
rapidly here through the winter, yet they
should be fed. Snow lays several days some
times. Farmers generally do not feed any
stock, except it is worked. The fattest beef
I ever saw, was taken from the grass in Feb
ruary, and killed with no feed except what
they gathered themselves from the grass.—
Wheat of the finest quality is produced here
though we have no rain generally from May
to Ftbruary. All kinds of produce flurislies
fine. A beet weighed 26 3 4 lbs.; a potatoe
514 oz ; 4to 9 turnips 25 to 40. Have
seen potatoes sell at 25 cts. per lb., and now
they are one cent. Butter has been oue dol
lar, now 50 cts. Flour has been $25 here,
$75 in the mountains, 35 miles west, per cwt.,
now from $6 to $9, as good as can be, is made
here. Our market affords 12 to 15 varieties
of fresh meats. Gold, silver, lead, iron, coal,
coal oil, soda, salt petre and salt, ail; abound
in this country. Denver is fifteen miles from
the base of the mountains, and rather the lar
gest city entire in the territory. About the
Oregon miues is perhaps more inhabitants on
a given space,but there are several cities term
ed Nevado,Central Missouri, &c. Ail together
about 60 quartz miues in these miuiog works
more prosperous now than heretofore. Many
claims have been copped over and consequent
ly not remunerative while beiog sunk through.
Forgot to tell you we have two daily and two
weekly papers here, will at a future day sead
a more comprehensive account of this country.
Ever yours,
OMER O.KENT.
How TERPENTINE AND TAR ARE MADE —The
immense forests in North Carolina, which cover
the sandy ridges, between the swamps and the
water courses, consists almost wholly of the
long leafed pine the Pinis*palu,stris of the
Southern States. From them is gathered oue
of the great staples of North Caroliua—the
turpentine. These trees at maturity are sev
enty or eighty feet high, and trunks eighteen
or twenty feet in diameter uear the base.—
They grow close together, very straight and
without branches to two thirds their hight.—
Overhead their interlocking crowns form a
continuous shady canopy ; while beneath, the
ground is covered with a thick, yellow matting
of pine straw—clean, dry, level and unbroken
by undergrowth. Tne privilege of tapping the
trees is generally furmed out by the laud own
er, at a stated price per thousand, about from
twenty to thirty doll rs. Under this privilege
the laborer commences his operations. During
the winter he chops deep notches into the
base of the tree, a few inches from the ground,
and slanting inward. Above, to the hight of
two or three feet, the face is scarified by chip
ping off the bark and outer wood.
From this surface the resinous sap begins to
flow nbout the middle of March, at first very
slow, but more rappidly during the heat of the
summer, and slowly again as winter approach
es. The liquid turpentine runs into the notch
es or boxes, as they are technically called,
eßch holding from a quart to a halt gullon.—
This, as it gathers is dipped cut with a wooden
spoon, barrelled and carried to market, where
it commands the highest priee. That which
oozes out aud hardens upon the scarified sur
face of the tree, is scraped down with an iron
instrument into a hod, and is sold at an inferi
or price. Every y.ar the process of scarifing
is carried two or three feet up the trunk, until
it reaches as high as a man can conveniently
handle with his long handled cutter. When
this ceases to yield, the same process is com
menced ou the opposite side of the trunk. An
average anoual Yield is about twenty five bar
rels of turpeutine from a thousand trees, and
it is estimated that oue man will dip ten thous
and boxes.
The trees at length die under these repeat
ed operations. They are then felled, split
and burned for tar. The dead tress are pre
ferred for this purpose, because when life ceas
es, the resinous matter concentrates in the in
terior layers of wood. In building a tar kiln,
a small circular mound of earth is first raised,
declining from the circumference to the center,
where a cavity is formed, communicating by a
conduct with a shallow ditch surrounding the
mound. Upon this foundation the split sticks
are stacked to the bight of ten or twelve feet.
The stack is then covered with earth as in
making charcoal, and the fire applied through
an opening in the top. As this continues to
burn with a smouldering heat, the wood is
charred and tar flows into the cavity in the
center, and then by the conduit into the ves
sels 6unk to receive it.
ENGLISH BIRTHS AND DEATHS.— In the year
1862 there were 711.691 children born in
England and Wales, the largest number ever
bur-; in this kingdom in a year, at;d amount
ing .o ao lees tftan \,35G a day, 426.5T2 per
-iVd, i; 195 * day, a r>
tb. i aopo ■ erceiaed to 1854,
'Zz3 # .1 !9. Tr.s :*-• !; c* .h* .
v o's-y 10.0CU
p-'.jv- Z , %.*.96a {
I *" - * a.-?." e. i '-:-t mmlTc
tto . foari i® tk c.l p m ziitag 4i.t.Vti ->f
the No-th, fn ft. ff mfi is t& ifcriv
iag jporte oo tfce Tjaa sad Wear.
41 REGARDLESS or DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER."
Our Sick and Wounded Soldiers.
It is'not generally known that a Hospital
Directory has been established in connection
with the Sanitary Commission, by which the
relatives of the sick and wounded soldier may
learn where to find him. 44 By application at
New York, Philadelphia, Washington or Lou
isville, news of every man iu the hospitals may
be obtained. It* loving care, hand in band
with the Government, following him to the.
field, and does not lose sight of him even when
discharged ; for it voluuteers to collect his
pay, and, iu fact, puts him through in which
ever direction destiuy points. If the public
and the press would continue to the Commis
sion the constant love wh ; ch the Commission
bears to the soldier, its supplies would not run
so low. How little is now in reserve for the
next battle 1 With what remorse will every
man and woman regret the indifference of the
present hour, when garments and various com
forts are suddenly required! Heretofore, hun
dreds of boxes were always ready for shipment
—now everything is lacking." The great rise
in the price of material is one cause of this
falling off ; and this should render more im
perative the duty of concentrating and send
ing through the most efficient channel all the
stores which our loyal women furnish. If the
various Aid Societies would unite in making
the Commission almoner of their supplies, how
grand would be the result 1 They would then
be able to meet every demaud made upon
them ; cud there is no estimating the amouut
of suffering they could relieve, for their stores
would be almost exbaustless.
Another cause of this fall off is in the weari
uess consequent upon this protracted war. But
in the language of the President of the Com-
mission, 44 As long as the men fight the women
must knit and sew, and the friends at home
furnish Beans to alleviate the sorrows aud
wants of the camp 3 aud hospitals. Whatever
you may have heretofore been doing, from this
time consider how you can best and most sore
ly reach the suffering soldier, where he is most
exposed and ruost forgotten. Do not delay
aDd do not abandon your efforts alter a short
time. You must enlist in the work for the
war. It is the woman's part in the patriotic
straggle we are in. I can only invoke the pe
cuniary aid of the men aud the supply of Hos
pital clothing from the women—sure that this
is the most direct, humane, efficient aud fixed
channel through which the good will and
Chfistiuu care of the people can flow to sick
aud wounded patriots iu the field."
Again. 41 Nothing short of the free con
tributions of every family, hamlet, village,
church and community throughout the loyal
states, continued as long us the war continues,
can avail to meet this never ending, always
increasing drain. It is the little spring of fire
side labor oozing into the rills of village in
dustry, these again uniting in the streams of
country beneficence, and these in state or lar
ger movements, flowing together into the riv
ers which directly empty into one great nation
al reservoir of supplies, which could alone ren
der possible the vast outflow of assistance
which the Sanitary Commission is lending our
sick and wounded soldiers."
The objection has been brought against this
Commission that its work is " parely philan
thropic. 14 The President says, " I hope this
impeachment is well founded. We want to
keep the sools of the soldiers in their bodies,
that we tnay send them safe an i sound home
to their Christian friends and their familiar pas
tors. We do lose no opportunity of circulat
ing good readiug, religious and otherwise,
and I believe our work, though not missionary,
is done in the Christian spirit, from Christian
impulse and with a Christian interest. I sus
pect we reach the souls of the soldiers (certain
ly their hearts) by their earnest, patient, self
sacriticiug care we exhibit for their bodily com
fort and solace. My own impression is that
War, the Camp and the Hospital afford very
imperfect opportunities for a purely spiritual
work. It requires a very wise head to iuflu
eoce them religiously—except by a good Cbris
tion example. This, we mean always to give
them, and as much more as we can. None
who know our work, and the spirit of self sac
rifice, zeal and tenderness in which it is car
ried on by our ngents—ail carefully selected
Christian men—could for an instaut think of
stigmatizing it as wanting a religeous character.
Wo will try to show our faith by our works—
and when the war is over, it may safely be
left to the nation and the world to say, which
exerted the best total influence on the array,
those who aimed at their souls direct, or those
who aimed at their souls through their bodies."
In connection with this reply we give a por
tion of a letter written by one of the volnn
teer ageuts of the Commission, who went out
to the relief of the woanded after a battle,
Mr. Win. H. Hague :
" I held service last Sabbeth between the
two rows of tents, where most could see and
hear. It was very welcome to them. The
Bible and prayer book can now be found in
nearly every tent. On the bill-side, across the
road may be seen a long row of graves of those
who have died here. A little board, with the
Dame, regiment and state, of the occupant of
each grave, is at the head. Nearly every day
oue is carried there, adding continually to the
number of those who have given to their coun
try their most precious offering—life.
" To-day I have to write to a poor mother
far away on the hills of New Eogland, and
give her the information that her boy has
gone to his resting place. Like most every
soldier he had but two or three things to send
her. His little pocket Biblj.witfc his mother's
likeness seeled to the cover, his comb, three
letters, the medal of his regiment. These were
al! the remembrances ieft for her.
And now, if the wornon of Pennsylvania re
spond "is uob; io the call trada uooc them bj
t':o Sanitary Concision, ta the woxo of
Pbiledobb a b-iva dbze, t K eir {.lores wiii be
enni? reolensahsd.
A P*!: ter out Ws!, wb-jse efto* is ralf a
T l !* froj. s" at.te- ba'! , *iag f v.l wb"
b1 r.x" m tbaMßb of a ;ree, (drt for
an appreefloe. He st/a H A boy from'till
wastry preferred."
Marvels of Man.
While the gastric jaice bag a mild, bland,
sweetish taste, it possesses the power of disolv
ing the hardest food that can be swallowed.
It has no influence whatever on the soft aDd
delicate fibres of the living hand ; bat at the
moment of death, it begins to eat them away
with the power of the strongest acids.
There is dust on the sea and land, in the
valley and on the mountain top :—there is
dost always and everywhere. The atmosphere
is fall of it. Tt penetrates the noisome dun
geon and visits the deepest, darkest caves of
the earth. No palace door can shot it out;
no drawer so secret as to escape its presence.
Every breath of wind dashes it upon the open
eye; and yet that eye is not blinded, because
there is a fountain of the blandest fluid in na
ture, iucessantly emptying itself under the eye
lid, which spreads it over the surface of the
ball, at every winking, and washes every atom
of dust away. But this liquid, 60 well adapted
to the eye itself, has some acridity, which un
der certain circumstances, becomes so decided
as to be scaidiog to the skin, and would rot
away the eyelids, were it not that along the
edges of them, there are little oil manufactor
ies, which spread over their surface a coating
as impervious to the liquids necessary for keep
ing the eyeball washed cleao, as the best var
nish is impervious to water.
The breath which leaves the lungs, has been
so perfectly divested of its life-giviug proper
ties, that to re-breath it, unmixed with other
air, the moment it escapes from the mouth,
would cause immediate death by suffocatiou ;
while, if it bovertd about us, a more or less
destructive influence over health and life wo'd
be occasioned. Bnt it is made of a nature so
much lighter than the common air, that the
moment it escapes the lips and nostrils, it as
cends to higher regions, above the breathing
point, there to be rectified, renovated anc!
sent back again, replete with purity and life
How rapidly it ascends, is beautifully exhibit
ed any frosty moroiog.
But, foul and deadly as the expired air is,
nature, wisely economical in all her works and
ways, turns it to good account in its outward
passage through the organs of voice, and
makes of it the whisper of love, the soft words
of affection, the tender tones of human sympa
thy, the sweetest strains of ravisbiug music,
and the persuasive eloquence of the finished
orator.
If a well-made man be extended on the
ground, bis arms at right angles with the body
a circle, making the navel the center, will just
take iu the head, the finger ends and the feet.
The distance from 41 top to toe" is precisely
the same as that between the tips of the fing
ers, when the arms are extended. The length
of the body is just six times that of the foot ;
while the distance from the edge of the hair
on the forehead to the end of tha chin, is one
tenth of the length of the whole stature.
Of the sixty-two primary elements known
in nature, ouly eighteen are found iu the hu
man body, and of these, seven are metallic.—
Iron is found in the blood, phosphorous in
brain, limestone in the bile, lime in the bones,
dust and ashes in all. Not only these eigh
teeen human elements, but the whole sixty
two, of which the universe is made, have their
essential basis in the four substances—oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon—representing the
more familiar names of fire,water saltpetre
and charcoal. And such is man, the lord of
the earth—a spark of fire, a drop of water, a
grain of gun powder, an atom of charcoal !
But, looking at him in another direction,
these elements shadow forth the higher qual
ities of a divine natnre, of an immortal exis
tence. In that spark is the caloric which
speaks of irrepressible activity ; in that drop
is the water which speaks of purity ;in that
grain is the force by which he subdues all
thiDgs himself, makes the wide creation the
supplier of his wants, and the servitor of his
pleasures ; while in that small atom of char
coal there is a dimond, which speaks at once
of light and purity, of indi3tructibility, ana of
resistless progress. There is nothing which
out shines it ; it is purer thau the dew drop.
44 Moth and rust" corrupt it not, nor can or
dinary fires destroy it ; while it cuts its way
alike through brass aud adamant, and hard
est steel. In that light we see an eternal
progression toward omniscience ; in that puri
ty, the goodness of divine nature ; in that in
destructibility, an immortal existence ;in that
progress, a steady accession toward the home
aud bosom of GOD— Halls Journal of Hcalt/i.
EARNESTNESS OF WOMAN'S LOVE —It was
the wife of Senator ANDREW JOHNSON, who
taught hin to read, and thus started him in
his career of greatness and usefulness : what
a good wife is that I—But a still more touch
ing proof of the holy love of the true woman,
is that related.of the wife of a soldier in a New
England State. She could not read, formerly,
and while in his society thought little of it.—
But when be went forth to defend her and his
children from the wrath of the slave despot
ism, her woman's heart impelled her to learn
to read and write, so that she might see and
understand with her own eyes what he said,
and also so that no prying unfeeling eye
should interpose between her aDd her husband.
Precious boon 1 she cau now write to him,
and can read his writing without any interpre
ter. Is not the latter the most beautiful illus
tration of woman's devotion ?
[We add another proof. A lady frieDd,
traveling from Elmira to Williamsport, made
the acquaintance of a soldier's wife, going to
visit him at Washington, in his sickness, aDd
denying herself food oa the way, lest her mo
ney should not hold out. Three ladies learn
ing the fact persuaded her to receive some as
sistance, which 6ent her rejoicing on her way ]
~art whoTr.ored an acneudnsnl iojer
ad i.is in J35 by tbe operation.
Leavei arj least Hero*'*: to a war- \
Hor's Mow—>avea of abacece.
i The efeiU who eriwl for aa -bear didJt
get k !
VOL. XXIII. —NO. 48.
THE EXECUTION AT CONSTANTINOPLE.—TBA
first execution whicti occurred in tlie capital
since the accession of the present Sultan took
place at the Stamboul end of the Kurakeul
bridge. The sufferer was a Kurd.uamed Sofu
Ibrahim from Mousch, near Van, and his
crime bad been the double murder of his mas
ter, one Talcat Effeudi, end a white slave,
some ten months ago, at Belbeck. The cir
cumstances of the case merit more than the
mere record of their tragical result. He was
condemned to death, nearly six weeks ago,
6iuce which no effort of the Minister of Po
lice could find an executioner, till after hard
bargaining the services of a gypsy were se
cured. The fellow asked l,ooop. ; for the
job, and the Minister of Police offered 500 p.;
after much haggling the contracting parties
split the difference, and 7oop. were paid over
to the Zingari Calcraft. Notice of his fate
bad been given to the murderer, and when, at
suurise ou Mouday morning, he was roused
out of his cell at the Zipteili, he was told he
was to be sent forthwith 0:1 board a steamer
for Trebizond. Accordingly he was marched
down towards the bridge between a couple of
policemen. Ou comiug within sight of the
bridge end, he saw a strong picket of policemen
drawn up, and rising slightly above their
heads, the rude gallows of three upright pole 3
and a transverse. He then struggled violent
ly, and had to be dragged by main force to
the gallovrsfoot. There he asked time to
say his namaz (prayer), but the gipsy finisher
of the law, considering that he had a clear six
weeks for devotion, refused grace ; and, whilst
a couple of policemen held him down, threw
his waist-belt round the wretch's neck and
strangled him into inseusibiiitv as he lay. He
then looped a rope round the neck of his vic
tim, and,hauliDg him up with this to the cross
beam of the gallows, tugged at his legs till
the work of death was done. The body re
mained dangling withiu a foot of the ground
for several hours,in charge of a solitary police
man, when it was cut down and huddled away
| in a bag for dishonorable burial outside the
walls. When (he execution took place there
were not a dozen of people present besides the
police, nor did a score at any one time later
in the morning stop to look at the apparatus
of death aud its ghastly freight.
ESQUIMAUX ARCHITECTURE —As the days
lengthen, the villages are emptied of their in
habitants, who move seaward ou the ice to
the seal hunt. Then comes into use a mar
vetonssymtem of architecture, uuknownamoDg
the rest of the American nations. The fiue,
pure snow has by that time acquired,under the
action of strong winds and hard frosts, suffic
ient cohereuco to form an admirable light build
ing material, with which the Esquimaux mas
ter-mason erects most comfortable dome shaped
houses. A cirele is first traced on the smooth
surface of the suow, and the slabs for raising
the walls are cat from within, so as to clear
a space down to the ice, which is-to form the
floor of the dwelling, and whose evenness was
previously ascertained by probing. The slabs
requisit to complete the dome, after the inter
ior of the circle is exhausted, are cut from
some neighboring spot. Each slab is neatly
fitted to its place by a flinching kuifc along the
joiut, when it instantly freezes to the wall, the
cold atmosphere forming-a most excellent ce
ment. Crevices are plugged up, and seames
accurately closed by throwing a few shovel
fuls of loose snow on the fabric. Two men
generaiy work together iu raising a house,and
the oue who is stationed withiu cuts a low
door, and creeps out when his task is over.
The walls being only three or four inches
thick are sufficiently translucent to admit a
very agreeable light, which serves for ordina
ry domestic purposes ; but if more be requir
ed, a window is cut, aud the aperture is fitted
with pieces of transparent ice. The proper
thickness of the wall is oks.qme importance.
A few inches excludes the wind, yet keeps
down the temperature so as to prevent drip
ping from the interior. The furniture—such
as seats, tables, and sleeping places—is also
formed of snow,and a covering of folded rein
deer skin or seal skin renders them comforta
ble to the inmates. By means of antecham
bers aud porches, ia the form of long, low gal
leries, with their openings turned to leeward,
warmth is insured in the interior ; and social
intercourse is promoted by building the hous
es contiguously, and cutting doors of commu
nication between them or by erecting covered
passages. Storehouses, kitchens, aud other
accesory buildings, may be constructed in the
same manner, and a degree of convenience
gained which would be attempted in vain
with a less plastic material. These houses are
durable ; and the wind has little effect on
them, and they resist the thaw till the sun
acquires very considerable power.— Sir Johi
Richardson.
MALE DRESSMAKER —The Rev. A. A. Stem,
an Abyssinian missionary, writes—" Fond as
the Abyssinian women are of embroidered gar
ments and other fineries,it is strauge that they
should never try to gain even a slight ac
quaintance with the use of the needle. High
and low alike depend upon their male friends
for every stitch in their dress. Tastes, of
course, vary in different countries ; but I con
fess that it always provoked me to see a tall,
bearded fellow acting the dressmaker, and a
sleader girl perlormiog the functions of the
groom."
ROME AT NOON. —The spring deepens into
summer, and before the last clays of Juno
have como the city is empty, silent and Ro
man. The sun bakes all day on the lava pave
ment, and they who are ia the streets at noon
creep slowly along in the shadows, clinging
closely to the walls. The shops are all shut
for two hours, and the city goes to sleep. Tbo
srtash of 'lllO •eioß soaud loud and coo!
ia the c-coarefl ; cut <•" 1 K r.o't for *.bs bora
trjg su.i *. d ttj *
:% yen ergV. r-. ?ap-iu-o t- ai<i
m 3.ory s J Ji\Ror.a.
vjaiftMe ia tbii oujtciioaab.a
00 board a *Lip ? ▲ 1 mk.