UnWotft lieportir.
E. O. GOODRICH, EDITOR.
TOWAISTDA :
Thursday Morning, December 4, 1862.
A WORD TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS.
The recent unprecedented rise in the price
of printing paper, and other materials used in
printing, has made it necessary for the pub
lishers of papers to seek some means by which
they can save themselves from loss and ruin.
Without going into particulars, it is only nec
essary to say to our subscribers that at the
rate which we now pay for paper—always a
cash article—the white sheet upon which the
REPORTER is printed costs nearly the amount
paid by the subscriber, to say nothing of the
labor bestowed upon it.
We observe that our neighbor of the Argjts
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and fifty cents a year. We are loth to make
auch a change, but it may become necessary.
We must do this, or in some'other way save
the hundreds of dollars which the increased
price of paper will cost us per year. We shall
first, however, try to retreuch by sendiug the
REPORTER only to those who have paid for it.
We have a great many subscribers, who have,
through their inadvertance and our proverbial
good nature, received the paper for years
without paying anything. To gratify them
longer is pecuniary ruin. Self preservation
being the first law of nature, we shall strike
from our subscription list on the first day of
January, the name of every subscriber iu
arrears. At the present high prica of paper,
they have become too expensive a luxury for
a printer to enjoy. We trust they will " see
the point," aud save their own credit and ours,
by paying arrears. We do not say that we
shall increase the price of our paper on the
Ist of January—but up to that time we will
receive subscriptions at present rates.
Those knowing themselves indebted are
requested to settle—aud save us the mortifi
cation of publishing a dim—a thing we have
Dot done for years.
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
The Message of President LINCOLN,
which we publish at length in this issue,is a
concise, clear and perspicuous document.
It w ill of course be read by every one able
to read in this country, and by every per
son in Europe and over the world, who
takes an interest in the civil and military
affairs of this Government and people.
The view which it presents of the progress
of the war for quelling the rebellion, if
not as brilliant as could be wished for, is
still sufficiently encouraging to stimulate
hopes of speedy and decisive results.
The document runs rapidly over the
history of events during the year, noticing
in turn, and briefly, our foreign relations
—the Anglo-American Slave trade treaty
—the convention with Ilanover for the
abolition of the States duties—the ques
tion of neutral rights—the case of the
Norwegian bark Admiral P. Tordenskiola
—negro colonization in Africa and else
where—the new treaties with Turkey and
Ilayti—our relations with various Powers
iu Europe, Asia, and ou the Continent—
telegraphic communication with Europe—
the condition and prospects of our West
ern Territories—the state of the public fi
nances—the War ami Navy Department
reports —the financial condition of the
Post-Office Department—the affairs of the
Department of the Interior—the Home
stead Law—the condition of the Indians,
and the Indian massacres in Minnesota—
the Pacific Railroad and other internal im
provements—the new Department of Agri
culture and its labors ; after all of which
the President recalls attention to, and dis
cusses at some length, the question of
what he terms " Compensated Emancipa
tion," and closes the discussion and the
Message by an earnest appeal on the sub
ject to Congrc-ss and his fellow citizens, —
adding that " The fiery trial through
which we are now passing will light us
down in honor or dishonor to the latest
generations."
On the 20th ult., Gen. BLUNT, after a forced
march with his division, attacked and routed
8,000 rebels at Cane Ilill, Ark. The buttle
lasted several hours, and our victory was
complete. Sixty rebels were killed and a
proportionate number wounded. Geo. BLUNT
thinks the rebels will uot again venture north
of the Boston Mountains this winter.
We have advices from Newbero, N. C., to
the 24th ult. From the Progress wc learn
that the gunboat Ellis recently made a recou
noissance iu New Topsail Inlet, within twelve
miles of Wiltuingtoo, aud destroyed some very
extt-usive „alt works, which were producing
500 bushels per day.
t&" The Petersburg (Va.) Express says
pork is held at S2O per hundred iu that city.
At Lynchburg, last week, two shipping hogs-*
betniii ot tobacco brought $29 per cwt.
THE FSESIDEiT'S MESSiGE.
FELLOW CITIZENS OF THE SENVTS AND HOUSE
OF REPRSSENTATIVS : Since your last annual
assembling, another year of health and boun
tiful harvests has passed ; and while it has
not pleased the Almighty \o bless us with a
return of peace, we can but press on, guided
by the best light He gives us, trusting that,
ia Ifis own good time and wise way, all will
be well.
The correspondence touching foreign affairs
which hes taken place during the last year is
herewith submitted, in virtual compliance with
a request to that effect made by the House
of Representatives near the close of the last
session of Congress. If the condition of our
relation with other nations is less gratifying
than it has usually been at former periods, it
is certainly tuore satisfactory tlia 1 a nat on so
unhappily distracted as re are might reason
bly have apprehended. In the month of June
last there were some grounds to expect that
the maratime Powers, which, at the begin
ning of domestic difficulties, so unwisely and
unnecessarily, as we think, recognize the in
surgents as a belligerent, would soon recede
from the position, which has proved only less
injurious to themselves than to our own conn
try. But the temporary reverses which after
ward befe! the National arms/and which were
exaggerated by our disloyal citizens abroad,
have hitherto delayed that act of simple jus
tice.
The civil war which has so radically chang
ed for the moment the occupations and habits
of the American people, has necessarily dis
turbed the social conditions and aflVctcd very
deeply the prosperity of the nations with which
we have carried on a commerce that has been
steadily increasing thomrhout a period of half
a century It has at the same time excited
political ambition and apprehensions, which
have produced a profound agitation through
oct the civilized world. In this unusual ng
itaiion we have forebon.e taking part in any
controversy between foreign States, and be
tween parties or factions in such States. We
have attempted no propagandism, and ac
knowledged no revolution. But we have left
to every nation the exclusive conduct and man
agement of its own affairs. Our struggle has
been, of course, comtemplated by foreign na
tions, with reference less to its own merits
than to it 3 supposed and often exaggi rated
effects, and the consequence resulting to tho.se
nations themselves. Nevertheless, complaint
on the part of this Government, even if it
were just, would certainly be unwise.
The treaty with Great Britain for the sup
pression of tlie African Slave trade has been
put into operation with a good prospect of
complete success. It is an occasion of spec
ial pleasure to acknowledge that the exe
cutor) of it on the part of Her Majesty's Gov
ernment has been marked with a jealous re >
spect for the authority of the United States
and the right of their moral aud loyal citi
zens.
The Convention with Ilanover for the abo
lition of the Stade dues has l)een carried into
full effect under the act ot Congress for that
purpose. A blockade of 3,000 miles of sea
coast could not be established and vigorously
enforced, in a season of great commercial ac
tivity like the present, without committing oc
easional mistakes, and unintentional injuries
upon foreign nations and their suE>jects. A
civil war occurring in a country where foreign
ers reside and carry on trade under treaty
j stipulations, is necessarily fruitful of complaints
of the violation of neutral rights. Ail such
colisions tend to excite misapprehensions and
possibly to pioduce mutual reclamation between
nations which have a common interest in pre
se'ving peace and friendship. In clear cases
of these kinds I have,so far as possible, heard
and redressed complaints which have beeu pre
seated by fiiendly Powers There is, how
ever, a large and augmenting number of doubt
ful cases upon which the Government is una
ble to agree with the Government whose pro
tection is demanded by the claimants. Then
are, moreover, masy cases in which the Uni
ted States or their citizens suffer wrongs from
the naval or military authorities of foreign na
i tions, which the Government of those States
are not at once prepared to redress. I have
proposed to some of the foreign States thus
interested, mutual Conventions, to examine
| and adjust such complaints. Tois proposition
has been made especially to Great Britain, to
France, to Spain, and to Prus-ia. In each
case it has been kindly received, but lias not
: yet. been formally adopted I deem it my du
ty fo recommend an appropriation in behalf of
the owner of the Norwegian baik Admiral P.
Tordtnskiola, which vessel was,in May, 18G1,
i prevented by the Commauder of lhe blockud
; irig force off Charleston ironi leaving that port
with cargo, notwithstanding a similar privil
; ege had shortly before been granted to an
English vessel. I have directed the Secretary
of State to cause the papers in the case to be
communicated to the proper committees. Ap
plications have been made to me by many free
Americans of African decent, to favor their
emigration, with a view to such colonization
as we contemplated,in recent acts of Congress.
Other parties, at home and abroad, some from
interested motives, others upon patriotic con
siderations, and sti.l others, influenced l>y
philanthropic sentiments, have suggested simi
lar measures ; while, on the others haud. Sev
eral of the Spanish American Republics have
protested against the sending of such colonies
to their respective territories. Under these
circumstances, I have declined to move any
such colony to any State, without first ob
taining the consent of its Government, with
an agreemeut on its part to receive and pro
tect such emigrants in all their rights of free
men, and I have at the same time offered to
the several States situated in the tropics, of
having colonies there, to negotiate with them
| subject to the advice and consent of the Sen
ate, to favor the voluntary emigration ol ner
I sous of that class to their respective territo
ries, upon conditions which shall be equal, just
and humane. Liberia and Hayti are, as yet,
the only countries to which colonists of Afri
can descent from here could go ith certai-ity
of being received and adopted as citizens, aud
I regret to say that such persons contemplat
ing colonization do not seem so willing to emi
grate to those countries as to some others, nor
as willing, as 1 think, their interest demands.
I believe, however, the opinion among thsm
in this respect is improving, and that ere long
there will be an augmented and considerable
emigration to both of these countries from the
United States. The new commercial treaty
Inn ween the United States and the Sultan of
Turkey has been carried into execution, A
commercial and Consular treaty has been ne
gotiateb, subject to the Senate's consent,
with Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now
pending with the Republic of Hayti. A 000-
siderable improvement of the national com
merce is expected to result from the measures.
Our relations with Great Britain, France,
Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Denmark,
Sweden and Austria. The Netherlands, Italy,
Rome and other European States remain un
disturbed. Very favorable relations coutinue
to be maintained with Turkey, Morrocco, Chi
na and Japan. During the last year there
has not only been no change of o: r previous
rel itions with the independent States of our
own continent, but more friendly sentiments
than have heretofore existed, are believed to
be entertained by these neighbors, whose safe
ty and progress are so intimately connected
with our own. This statement especially ap
plies to Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Hon
duras, Perue and Chili. The Commission un
der the Convention with the Republic of New-
Granada closed its session without having au
dited and passed upon all the claims which
were submitted to it A proposition is pend
ing to receive the Convention, that it may be
able to do more complete justice. The Com
mission between the United States and the
Republic of Costa Rica has completed its la
bors, and submitted its report. I have favor
ed the project for the United States with Eu
rope by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar
project to extend the telegraph from Sau Fran
cisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with
the wire is being extended across the Russian
Empire.
The territories of the United States, with
unimportant exceptions, have remained undis
turbed by the civil war, aud they are exhibit
ing such evidence of prosperity as justifies our
expectation that some of them w ill soou be in
a condition to be organized as States, and be
constitutionally admitted it.to the Federal
Union The immense mineral resources of
some of these territories ought to lie develop
ed as rapidly as possible. Every step iu that
direction would have a tendency to improve
the revenues of the Government and diminish
the burdens of the people. It is worthy of
your .serious consideration whether some ex
traordinary measures to promote that end can
not be adopted. The means which suggests
itself as most likely to be iff ctive is a scien
tific exploration of the mineral regions in thes*
territories, with a view to the publication ol
results at home and iu foreign countries, re
sults which cannot tail to lie auspicious. The
condition of 'he finances will claim your most
diligent consideration. The vast expenditures
incident to the military and naval operations
required for the suppression of the rebellion,
have hitherto been met with a promptitude
and certainly uau-iril in similar ciieumstauces,
and the public credit has been fully maintain
ed. The continuance of the war, however,
and the increased disbursements made neces
sary by the augmented forces now in the field,
demand your best reflections, as to the best
mode of providing Ihe necessary revenue with
out injury to business, and with the least pos
sible burdens upon labor. The suspension of
specie payments by the bank-;, soon after the
commencement ol your last session, made large
issues ol United Slates notes unavoidable. In
no other way could the payment of the troops
and the satisfaction of other just demands be
so economically or as well provided for. The
judicious legislation of Congress securing the
responsibility of these note> for loans and in
ternal duties, and making them a "legal ten
der for other debts, has made them universal
currency, and has satbfied, partially at least,
and for the time, the long-felt want of an uni-
form circulating medium, saving thereby to
the people immense sums in discounts and ex
changes. A return to specie payments, how
! ever, at the earliest period compatible with
I due regard to ail interests .should ever be kept,
in view. Fluctuations in tiie value of curreu
ey are always injurious, and to reduce the-e
fluctuations to the lowest possible point will
| always lie a leading purpose in wise legisla
tion. Convertibility—prompt and certain con
vertibility—into coin, is generally ackuowl
edged to be the best and surest against them,
and it is extremely doubtful whether a circu
i l ut ion of United States Notes, payable in coin,
i and sufficiently large for the wants oi the peo
j pie mm be permanently, usefully and safely
j maintained. Is there, then, any other mode
|iu which the necessary provision for tlie pub
[ li wan's can be made, and the great advan
! tages of a safe and uniform currency secured?
i I know of none which promises so certain re
j suits, and at the same time so unobjectiona-
I lle, as the organization of Banking Assocui
i tions under a general act of Congress, well
I guarded in its provisions. To such associa
j tions the Government might furnish circulat
ing notes on the security of Tutted States
' Bonds deposited it. the Treasury. These
uetes, prepared under tlie supervision of pro
| per officers, being uniform iu appearance and
i security, and convertible always into coin,
would at once protect labor against the evils
| of a vicious currency, and facilitate commerce
by cheap and safe ex< hauges. A moderate
reservation from the interest on the bonds
would compensate the United States for the
! preparation and distribution of the notes, and
a general supervision of the system, and would
lighten the burden of that part of the public
debt employed as securities. The public ered
it, moreover, would be greatly improved, uud
the negotiations of new loans greatly facili
taled by the steady market demand lor Gov
eminent bonds, which the adoption of the pro
posed system would create, it is an addition
al recommendation ol the measure, of con
siderable Weight in my judgment, that it
would reconcile, as far as possible, all exist
ing interests, by the opportunity offered to ex
isting institutions to reorganize under the act,
substituting only the secured uniform Nation
al circulation for the local and various circu
lulion, secured and unsecured, now issued by
them. The receipts into the Treasury from
all sources, including loans and balance from
the preceding year, for the fiseal year ending
on June 30, 1802, were $583,885,241 00, ot
which sum $40,050,391 6. were derived from
Customs; $1,195,331 19 from the direct tax
from public lands, $152 203 11 ; from mis
cellaneons sources, $931,181 04 ; from loans
in all forms, $529,092,40') 50. The remain
der, $2,251,005 80, was the balance from last
year. The disbursements during the same pe
riod were, for Congressional, Executive and
Judicial purposes, $5 939,009 29 ; for For
eign intercourse, $1,339,110 35; for miscel
laneous expenses, including the mints, loans,
post office deficiencies, collection of revenue,
and other like charges, $14,129,111 50 ; for
expenses under the Interior Department, $3,-
102.985 52"} under the War Department,
$393,308 401 30; under the Navy Depart
inent, $42,014,569 09 ; for interest on the
public debt, $13,190,324 45. and for the pay
ment on tbe public debt, including reimburse
inent of temporary ioan and redemptions, $96.-
090 922 09 ; making an aggregate of $510,-
841,100 25, and leaving a balance in the
Treasury oq the list day of July, 1862, of I
$13,043,546 81. It should be observed that
the sum of $96,096,922 09, expended for re
imbursements and redemption of the public
debt, being included also in the loans made,
may be properly deducted both from the re
ceipts Bud expenditures, leaving the actual re
ceipts for the year $487,788,324 97, and the
expenditures $474,744,788 16. Other infor
mation on the subject of the finances will be
found in the report of the Secretary of the
Treasury, to whose statement and views I in
vite your most candid and considerate atten
tion. The reports of the Secretaries of the
Navy and War are herewith transmitted.—
These reports, though lengthy, are scarcely
more than brief abstracts of the very numerous
and extensive transactions and operations con
ducted through these Departments. Nor could
I give a summary of them here upon any prin
ciple which would admit ot its being much
shorter than the reports themselves. I there
fore content myself with laying the reports
before you, and asking your attention to them
It gives me pleasure to report a decided im
provement in the financial condition of the
Post Office Department, as compared with
several preceding years. The receipts for the
fiscal year, 1861, amounted to $S 349,296 40.
which embraced the revenue Iroui all the Slates
of the Union for three quarters of that year.
Notwithstanding the cessatiou of revenue from
the so called seceded States during the last
fiscal year, the increase of the correspondence
of the loyal States has been sufficient to pro
duce a revenue during the same year ot SB,
298,820 90, being only $50,000 less than was
derived from all the States of the Union dur
ing the previous year. The expenditures show
a still more favorable result. The amount ex
pended in 1861 was $13,606,759 11 For the
last year the amount has been reduced to sll,
125,364 13, showing a decrease of about $2,-
481,000 in the expenditures, as compared with
the preceding year ; about $3,750,000 as com
pared with the fiscal year 1860. The deficien
cy in the Department for the previous year
was $4,551,966 98. For the last fiscal year
it was reduced to $2,112,814 57. These fa
vorable results are in part owing to the cessa
tion of tuail service in the insurrectionary
States, and in part to a casual review of all
expenditures in that Department, in the in
terest of economy. The efficiency of the Pos
tal service, it is be'ieved, has also been much
improved. The Postmaster General also open
ed a correspondence through tiie Department
of Stale with foreign Governments, promising
a Convention of Postal representatives, for
' the purpo.-c of simplifying the rates of foreign
i postage, and to expedite the foreign mails
I litis proposition, equally important to oar
| adopted citizens and to the commercial inter
| ests of this country, lias been favorably enter
tained and agreed to by all the Governments
from whom replies have been received. I ask
| the attention of Congress to the suggestions
j of the Postmaster General in his report ics
| peeling the further legislation required, in his
i opinion, for the benefit of the postal service
| The Secretary of the Interior reports as 10l
; lows in regard to the public lands : "The pub
lie lands have ceased to be a source of reve
; uue. From Ist July, 1861, to 3Uth Septem
j ber, 1862, the entire cash receipts from the
| sale ot lands were $137,476 26, a sum much
! less than the expense of our land system dur
ing the same period. The Homestead Law,
which will take effect on the Ist of Jauuary
; next, offers such inducements to settlers that
| sales lor cash cannot be expected to an extent
sufficient to meet the expenses of the general
land office, and the cost of suAmying aud
| bringing the land into market. The discrep
j ancy between the sum here stated as arising
j from the sales of the public lands, and the
same derived from the same source as report
ed from the Treasury Department, arises, as i
; understand, from the fact that the periods ol
I time, though apparently, were not really coin
I cidetit at the beginning point. The Treasury
| Report including a considerable sum now,
which had previously been reported from the
Interior, sufficiently iarge to greatly overreach
I the sum derived from the three months now
reported upon by the Interior, and not by the
| Treasury.
The Indian tribes upon our frontiers have,
j during the pa>t year, manifested a spirit ol
I insubordination, and at several points have en
j gaged is open hostilities against the white set
, tlenients in their vicinity. The tribes occupy
i ing the Indian country south of Kansas, re
i nounced their allegiance to the United State s.
and entered into treaties with the insurgents!
Those who remained loyal to the States were
| driven troin the country. The Chief of the
Cherokees has visited this city for the pur
poie of restoring the former relations of the
i tribe with the United States. He alleges that
they were constrained by superior force to en
ter into treaties with the insurgents, and that
the United States neglected to f'uinish the
protection which thtir treaty stipulations re
quired. In the month of August last, the
Sioux Indians in Minnesota attacked the set
| tlements in their vicinity with extreme feroci
i ty, killing indiscriminately men, woman and
i cliildien. This attack was wholly unexpect
\ ed, and therefore no means of defence bad
| been provided. Jt is estimated that not less
than eight hundred persons were killed by the
Indians, and a large amount of property wa
I destroyed. How this outbreak was induced
. is not definitely known, ant' suspicions, which
| may be unjust, need not to be stated. Infor
; matiou was received by the Indian Bureau
from different sources about the time hostili
; ties were commenced, that a simultaneous at
tack was to be made upon the white settle
ments by all the tribes between the Mis-ussip
pi River and the Rocky Mouutuins. The Stale
of Minnesota has suffered great injury from
this Indian war. A laige portion of her ter
ritory has been depopulated and a seveie loss
lias been sustained oy the destruction of pro
perty. The people of that State manifest
much anxiety for the removal ot the tribes
beyond the limits of tbe State, as a guarantee
against, future hostilities. The Commissioner
ot Indian Affairs will furnish full details. 1
submit lor your especial consideration whether
our ludiau system shall uot be remodeled.—
Many wise and good men have been impressed
with the belief that this cau be profitably
1 done.
I submit a statement of the proceedings of
the Commissioners, which shows the progress
that has been made in the enterprise ot coo
structiug the Pacific Railroad, una this sug
gests the earliest completion of the roa and
also the favorable action of Congress upon
the projects uow pending before them tor en
larging the capacities of the great canals in
New-York and Illinois, as being of vital and
rapidly increasing importance to the whole
nation, and especially to the vast interior re
giou hereinafter to be notictd at some greater
length. I purpose having prepared and laid
before you, at an early day, some interesting
aud valuable statistical iulorwation upon the
subject. The military and commercial impor
tance of enlarging the Illinois arid IVlicliigan
Canal, and improving the Illinois River, is
presented in the report af Col. Webster to
the Secretary of War, and now transmitted
to Congress I respectfully ask attention to
it.
To carry out the provisions of the Act of
Congress of the 15ih of May last, I have
caused the Department of Agriculture of the
United States to be organized. The Commis
sioner informs me that within the period of a
few months this Department has established
|an extensive correspondence and exchanges,
I both at heme and abroad, which promise to
' effect highly beneficial results in the develop
j ment of a correct knowledge of recent iui
provements in Agriculture, in the introduction
j of new products, and in the collection of the
agricultural statistics of the different States ;
j also, that it will soon be prepared to (listrib
; ute largely, seeds, cereal, p ants and cuttings,
| and has already published and liberally (1 ffns
ied much valuable information, in anticipation
;of a more elaborate report, which will in due
time be furnished, embracing some valuable
| test- in chemical science, now i i progress in
the laboratory The creation of this Depart
ment was for the more immediate benefit, of a
large class of our most valuable citizens, and I
tru.-t the liberal basis upon which it has been
\ organized, will not only meet your approba
(ion, but that it will realize at no distant day,
all the fondest anticipations of its ruot san
guine friends, and become the fruitful source
of advantage to ali our people.
On the 221 day of September last, a pro
clamation was is-u <1 by the Executive, a copy
of which is herewith submitted In accord
ance with the purpose expre-sed in the second
paragraph of that paper, I now respectfully
; recall your attention to what may lie called
j " Compensated Emancipation." A nation may
lie said to consist of its territory, its people,
: and its laws The territory is the only part
' which is of certain durability. One generation
passeth away, and another generation cometh,
hut the Eirth abidcth forevi r ! It is of the
tir>l import!nee to duty, to consider and esti
mate this ever enduring part. That portion
of the earth's surface which is owned and in
habited by the people of the United States is
; well adapted to be the home of one national
family, and it is not well adapted for two or
more. Its vast extent and its variety of cli
mate and productions are of advantage in ttiis
age for one people, whatevi r tli-y might have
been in former ages. Steam and telegraph, in
intelligence, have brought these to lie an ad
vantageous combination for one united people.
In the Inaugural Address f briefly pointed
out the total inadequacy of disunion as a rem
edy for the difference between the people of
the two sections. I did so in language which
I cannot improve, and which, therefore, I beg
to repeat : " One section of our country be
lieves .slavery is right, and ought to lie extend
ed, while the other believes it is wrong, and
ought not to be extended. This is the only sub
stantial dispute. The Fugitive Slave e! .se
of the Constitution and the law for the sup
pression of the African Slave trade, are each
i as well enfoiced, perhaps, as any law can ever
: be in a community where the moral sense of
the people imperfectly supports the law itself.
I The great body of the people abide bv the dry
legal obligation in both eases, and a few break
over in each. This, I think, cannot be per
fectly cured, and it would be worse in both
leases, after the separation of the sections, than
before. The foreign Slave trade, now imper
fectly snpprcsftd, would be ultimately revived
| without restriction in one section, while fugi
tive slaves, now only partially surrendered,
would not be surrendered at all by the otlu r.
Physically speaking, we cannot separate ; we
; cannot remove our respective sections fr in
| each other, nor build an impassable wail be
tweeu them A husband and wife may be di
voreed, ar.d go out of the presence, ami be
yotid tlie reach of each other, but :he diff r>-ut
par s if our country cannot do this They
j cannot but. remain face to face, and inter
course, either amicable or hos'ile, must con
tinue between them. Is it possible, then, to
| make that intercourse more advantageous or
; more satisfactouy after separation than hi fore?
; Can aliens make treaties easier than friends
can make laws ? Can treaties be more faith
! fully enforced between aliens than laws can
among frietuE ? Suppose you go to war—you
; cannot fight always ; and when, after miieli
loss cn both .-ides, f.nd no gain cri eider, you
I cease fighting, the identical oM questions as to
j terms of intercourse are again upon von "
There is no lint', straight or crooked, sui'a
j hie tor a national boundary upon which to di
vide. Trace through from ea<t to west upon
| the line between the free and slave country
| and we shall (ind a little more than one furl
! ot its length are rivers easy to lie crossed, and
: populated, or soon to be populated, fhirkly
j upon both sid'S, while nearly all its remaining;
length are mm ly surveyor's lues over which
I people may walk buck at d forth without HUV
j consciousness of their presence. No part of
| this line can be made any mored til nit to pass
i by wrting it down on paper or parchment as
I a national boundary. The fact of separation,
[ if it comes, give-; upon the part of the seced
; ing section, the Fugitive Slave clause, along
with all other constitutional obligations upon
the section seceded from, while I should ex
pect no treaty stipulations would ever be made
to take its place.
But there is another difficulty. The great
interior, bounded east by the Alleghanies
north by the British dominions, west by the
Rocky Mountains, and south by the line along
which the culture o, cor., and cotton meets,
and which includes part of Tennessee, all of
Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon
sin, Missouri, Kansas, lowa, Minnesota, and
the territories of Dacotuh, Nebraska, and part
of Colorado, has above ten millions of people,
and will have fifty millions within fifty years,
if not prevented by any political folly "or mis'
take. It contains more than one third of the
country owned by the United States, certain
!y more than one million of square miles, once
half us populous as Massachusetts already h,
it w. uld huvi more than seventy five millions
of people. A glance at the map shows, that
territorially speaking, it is the great body of
the Republic. The other parts are but mar
ginal borders to it—the magnificent region
sloping west from the Rocky Mountains to\he
Pacific being the deepest and also the richest
in undeveloped resources in the production of
provisions, grains, grasses and all of which
proceed from them, this great interior region
is naturally one of the most important in the
world. Ascertain from the statistics the small
proportion of the region which has not yet
been brought into cultivation, and also the
large and rapidly increasing amount of its
products, and we shall be overwhelmed with
the magnitude of the pr spect presented ; and
yet this region has no sea coast—touches no
ocean auywbere. As part "of one nation its
people now find, and mav forever fi !ir ] t
way to Europe by New Vork. to South'A T''
ica and Africa by New Orleans, and to A'"
by San Francisco. But separate our com &
country into two nations, as designed | )y a
present rebellion, and every man of this c '!
interior region is thereby cut off from '
one more of these outlets, not perhaps i,
physical barrier, but by embarrassing ai) ,j' 4
roueous trade regulations. And this i s
wherever a dividing or boundary |in e qj!,/? 6
fixed. Place it between the now f, te '
slave country, or place it south of Kentur-l
or north of Ohio, and still the truth
that none sou h of it can trade to any nr,-t '
place north of it, and none north of j;
trade to any port or place south of it
upon terms dicated by a government'forei^
to them These outlets East, West and Sr.
are indispensable to the well being of u
people inhabiting and to inhabit this vast i '
rior region. Which of the three may be"*
best is no proper question All are better
than either, and all of right belot." to r
people and their successors, forever* T u
themselves, tiny will not a-k where a |i„ e 'l
separation shall he, but will vow, rather the
there shall be no such line. Nor are the* tDir
gin 11 regions les interested in these communi
catious to and through them to the great on'.
>nle wort . They, too, and eaeh f t":,etn
have ,c <-.-S to tills EgVot of the West, w j t l
.mi paving roll at the crossing of any national
boundary. Our national strife spriics n,/'
from our permanent part, not Iron; the Un|
we inhabit, not from our national horn. stead
Tnere is no possible st v ring of ibis but WntO
multiply, and not mitigate evils amongst u
in all its adaptions and attributes it d-mands
union, and abhors sepiratiou. In fact r
would, ere long, force reunion, however mis-h
of biood and treasure I lie separation mi
have cost. Our strife pertains to ourselves
and to the puling genera:ions of men, audi;
cannot without convtil-ion be hushed forever
wit}i the passing of one generation.
In this view, 1 recommend the adoption of
the following resolution and articles amendato
ry the Coii-titution ot the United States;
Hrxolci'l . Ky the Senate anil the House of PenrNtj.
tives <it the United States nf Ameii a, in Centres-ai
senilileii. two-thirds id both Houses i-oui-airise. l'A
the following articles he pn.po-e.] to the I.e.'islatura
or Conventions of the several States as amendment, t.
the Constitution of the United States, all or anv I
which at titles, when latilied In three fourths ot the.iii
Li-a'i.-l.itl ii or Cotiveutions, to he valid as part or parti
of the said Constitution, viz :
A IITIC K —Livery State wherein Slavery now exists,
whi -h shall ali.li-li the satne therein at" any time n r
t n.e- before the tir-t. day of January, in the yearn!i-.r
[.ol d one ill .-a.id eight hundred, shall receive iuipa.
sat ; ui from the United States as lollows. to wit :
The President of the United St ites shall d. :iv.-r to er
try such State, bonds ot the United State-. Iwarinin
terest at the rate ot . f.>r each slave -linn ;
have been therein by the eighth census ot the l ui:*-
States; si id bonds ti> he delivered to such State bv in.
-tallmeuts, or in one parcel, sit the eom;det aioit
at.o|t-imn-nt,accordingly as the same shali hare U-;
graniloal or at one time, within such State ; ami :.er
o-t shall begin t > run upon any such bond only r-.tu"
propel time of its ih lively as afoie.-aiJ .. "att.-rec.
Any State having received bonds as a'.ore-aiil ami ,\.-
waul introducing or tolerating SI irery therein, -l.al ->
fund to t'ue United States the Ismds -o received, or va..-
thcrcol, and ali interest paid thereon.
AKTICI.E —All staves who shall have etijovid A ta,
freedom, by the chatn es o: the war at any timeie: ?
the end ot the rebellion, shall lie forever tree : loti,
owners of such, who -ball not have been disloyal,-.aj
he eo;npen- itcil lot them at tli same rates as is pr0v....;
for States ad .ptin,' ab Ii hment of Slavery, but iusiw
away that no -lave shall he twice accounted t -r.
AKTACLE—Congress may appropriate money an] ft:
envise provide for c douizi-g free colored pets- - wv
tiheii own consent, at any place or places wilhio tie
United States.
1 beg i.'ululgence to drscnss these proposed
articles at some length. Without Slavery,ta?
rebellion could never have vxi.-U-d ; witheui
Slavery it could not continue. Among Ik
friends of the Union there is great div. t.-i - vof
sentiment and of pohev in regard to Slavery,
aiid the African race amongst us. S -jt
would abolish it suddenly, and withoui en
[leusitiion ; some would abolish it graiiiiil';
and wth compensation, some would rem rI
the freed p'-ople from if, iind <■ -i>e wni
retain them with us ; and there are yet oititf
minor diversities. Because of the- -divers:'A
we waste much strength in struggles Jim I '.'
' ourselves ; i>y mutual concession we shod
barmen ze .i ti ac' together. Tuts would te
; a compromise among the friends and not wi'l
the enemies of the Union These
■ intended to embody a plan .■!' such mutual r
cessions. If the plan shall he adopted, it n
1 assumed tli it emancipation will follow, at ta-i
in several of the States. As to the first an
cle, the main points arc : Fir.-t —lvnancif*
' lion ; second,the length of time for consume
iug (tliirty-seven years.) and thirdly tliecoi I
pensation. The emancipation will lie un-no 1
; factory to the advocate of perpvto-l Slavery |
' but the leiigtfi time should greatly niitigif
1 the dis-atisfact ion The time spares both a
' res from the evil of sudden derangement,s
J I o-t, from the necessity of any derange®?' l
wbih- most of those whose- habitual course >
thoughts will be distiif ed by the measure |
iVe passed away before its eon-u iniiabon.-
T \ will never see it Aii'lher class
| bail the pnspect of fmancipation, hot will*
j piei-iate the leugtli of time fney will '
that it gives too little to the now ! v:iig-l:' r "
Bat it r ally giv-*s them inneh. It sivt- ! ■
fiom the vagrant destitution which must i
y attend itm diate efloancipatian in local'l
- their numbers are very great, I
gives the inspiring assurance that their t T
' terity sfnill be free forever. The plan le' f - I
to each State choosing to act under it ton
ish Slavery, now or at the end of tlu* c '
rv, or at any intermediate time, <>r by I
extending over the whole or any part of H
period, and it obliges no two States W1 I
ceed alike. It also provides forcorope" I
and generally the mode of making it .
it would seem must further mitigate
satisfaction of those who favor perpetoa 1
very, and especially of those who are to rut"
compensation Doubtless some of those ' |
are to pay, and not to receive, will I
yet, that the measure is both just and u- ■
omical, is certain. tg I
The liberation of the slaves is ■
tion of property—property acquired b. T M
scent or by purchase, the sauie as any l '"
property. I
It is no less true for having been I
that the people of the South are no" 1 " 6 H
sponsible for the original introduction^ ■
property than are the people ot the - , ■
and when it. is remembered how ouhcsit
ly we use—all of use—cotton and
share the profits of dealing in thetii, H
not be quite safe to say that the
been more responsible than the r LJ
continuence If, then, for a
this property is to be sacrificed, i- s ' l " 0i
that it be done at a common charge • "J
if with less money, or money more ert f •, 9
we can preserve the benefits of the U ||L ' H
this means than we can by the war !il " f .||
it not also economical to do it. etU , u J|
sider it then. L"j us ascertain the
have expended in the war since
emancipation was proposed last
consider whether if that measure h rtl .,M
promptly accepted by even some oft je " r;