flj£ DJLLAR PER ANNUM iNVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
TOWANUA:
Thursday Morning, October 25, 1860.
(Original s)ocfrn.
"THERE'S REST IN HEAVEN."
When wand'ring on life's ocean drear.
When waves are rolling far and near,
In trials dark, 0. never lear,
Remember still, " There's rest in Heaven."
When foes are thick on every hand,
When sorrows deep around yon stand,
When wand'ring in a dreary land.
Remember still, " There's rest in Heaven."
When fierce diseases on von prey.
When friends within the grave you lay,
When peaceful comfort tlees away,
Remember still, " There's rest in Heaven."
When age is creeping o'er your frame.
When weary, sick, halt, blind or lame,
When slanderers your name defame.
Remember still," There's rest in Heaven "
ROME, ISOO. O. 11. TAYLOR.
[At a Republican meeting in Georgetown, Mass.. the
following song, entitled," The Quakers are Out," written
I bv John G- Whittier. was read :
Xot vainly we waited and counted the hours,
The buds of our hope have burst out into flowers.
So room for misgiving—no loop-hole of doubt—
We've heart from the Keystone ! The Q lakers are out
Tiie plot has exploded—we've found out the trick ;
The bribe goes a begging ; the lusion won't stick.
When the Wide-Awake laterns are shining about.
The rogues stay ut home, and the true men come out
I The good State has broken the cords for her spun ;
Her oil springs an,! water won't fuse into one ;
The Dutchman has seasoned with Freedom his kroutl
H And slow, late, but ceitain, the Quakers arc out!
I c.ive the flags t > the winds set the hills all a flame :
I Ihko v.i v for the man with the patriarch's name !
B \wai with misgivings away with ail d-miit,
■ '.,>[• Rim 01.s goes in when the Quakers come out 1
[From theGcrtrantown Telegraph.]
Historical Epitomes.
TITK ATTACKS ON FORTS MIFFLIN AM) MERCER.
The battle of Brandywine, wit*i its many
disastrous incidents was over, and that of Ger
mantown.almost roually uiifortiinate, liad ueen '
-milurlv drawn to a close ; \\ ashington fore
| -aw that means must be immediately resorted j
ti lor embarrassing and rend Ting I* dec ded
(l.e nfreadv too tenacious foothold < 1 Sir i
I William If owe ; and in order f..,' the nccom
I ■ nenf of such design,he resolve*'upon ereo
I • • r fortifica! ions along the I tela ware river and i
■ ,ii-o uhsiriu tietr its channel, for the purpose of
i p;eli(* 15 any British vessels,a< might attempt
nmaiatiieate v\ i 11 the enemy's army, then
V Vl.'iadelphhi. The fleet which hd anchor ;
I . . b .'.sapcake Bay, previous to the Aineri- 1
■i. in defeat at Brandy wine,had already depart-
H vf from its mooritus, and was in lull sail for
id Howe's headquarters at the city,when
■huii llST of tlie various redoubts comuieu-
V ed ; to prevent the advance of these during
H progress of their works, the Americans
1 >!er the direction of Captain Duples-is— a
■ iniff French engineer of great talent and
■ c.iitnry skill.—constructed large frames of
■ ' avy timber, anii"d and -n*t lined by ..oden
■ • k pointed '.villi iron, which stood directly
I ;-rpeiHlieular when in their required post ions.
I T use massive stockades if I hey may lx SO
I brined—were sunk directly in the riviiehaiinel
I ii"r tic mmth of the Schuylkill, and their ,
1 arid dangerous proportions presented an
I i.i jhsiucle of considerable magnitude to the j
I
I ii. ahe low lied Bank similar defences v. ere
I -abwerged, ai d the cktravz dr. Jrise at this
I ,out, defended l>v a garrison of Americans,
■ • uipied a redoubt afoitg the r.ver shore,
H welso s lusted, as to be able, if necessary to
H reep the stream with their cannon, if the
libit venture to disregard the barriers, and
B fenny a pa-sage in another portion. ,
I'wa> tins fortification which especially de-
I icd the Briti.-h Admiral's attention, as it
■ r -M the first serious impediment to his
-•' nt Captain Hammond, of the Royal
■ Mm, a comma nd of a small vessel felt the
7 " 'nice of this garrison's redaction, atid lie
■More represented to General Howe, the
I "fCcSsity for ils removal, at the same time
■'ig to guarantee the destruction of any
' *: d' fri-f. as might obstruct, their path-
I * a J er delay their advance. In accordance
*ih tins officer's suggestions,two British regi- ,
I: Tits were instantly dispatched to the Jersey |
'to aril orders given them to attack the re-
I ' y'b a; Ih.hngsport. The American out
■ ' ks were unfinished, and totally inadequate
■ n the violent assault made upon them
I : ois majesty's troops ; unsuspecting a land
I - I'vthe inmates were of course without any
I : ,oration to resist ; they therefore, after
■ A.ng their cannon and firing their barracks,
P r t*cipitately,leaving the fort in theencmys
I Ihe Briii-h couipan'es destroyed each
'j<fit, levelling them to the ground and de
■ '.-...ug the works ; thoy then retnrued to
I ti bieir commander hastened to Gen.
I C'a * * < i" artej ' s *'Hh tidings of his success. —
■ . a !' !a,n Hammond now immediately began
I sub * ° ! °P enin S through the invulnerable
_ r barricades, and after great difficul
m 1,1 Isucceeded in effecting a breach of
tur..V eri,l / Pet width, through which aper
an.' e sai ' e d with twelve vessels, aiul come to
hn-n° r ,' s ' ,u, d,about a mile and a half
. and within the same distance frm the
tide re doubts at Ilea Bank,in the Jersev
po-t n ,. Mfcrcer was situated at this latter
! latiH " -'-eg*!y opposite, upon a low reedv
p eiirV,t! Cma L few ,lu "brc4 yiyrds from the
elv no, It & ! hore ' stoo(i Fort Mifflih; a rud
• citaUc1 ' ? et bcilj, v/ith great re- !
? r sßof n', ai 'd durability. The pro.
attai-J' 1 " ! 'V, rallv ® ' ea d s wto first consider
fevprit 011 ° rt erccr . w 'th its accompay
to C ai P , reV,O " S . 10 80 account of that Which
gUI d 116 S allaill L v dcfetidwl
comaauded the garisoa at Fort
$
Mercer, which consisted of about four hundred
strong, fortified with but fourteen pieces of
ordnance ; with this small detachment he pre
ferred to resist any assault that might be at
tempted. His position was a most important
one, and this he resolved to maintain,whatever
danger might ensue ; a brave officer, be was
| assisted by one equally valiant, Captain Mau
divit Duplessis,architect of tlie tfitvaux de frisc
and a gentleman of distinguished merit. Un
der their combined superintendence the feeble
| earthworks were made stronger,and the placed
in an admirable state of defence ; but their
labor was by no- means completed, when on
the morning of October J, a large body of
! Hessians were descried, issuing from behind a
j woodland, and marching directly towards the
redoubts. It afterwards appeared that these
j eon-panics had been sent down by General
Howe on the morning previous, but having
met with obstruction, their arrival was delay
ied until the period ol which we speak. The
! detachment consisted of two thousand picked
| men, and were commanded by Count J)onop, a
j foreign officer of well-known bravery.
The garrison had received no intimation of
i their approach, until apprised of the fact by
I the enemy's presence. Although astonished
; at the unexpected sight, they were in no wise
. intimidated, and prepared immediate means
for defence The great superiority in discipline
and numbers prossessed by the Hessians, ap
peared rather as an incentive than otherwise
j to the gallant Americans, and on an officer,
accompanied by a drummer, riding towards
the fort a fl ig demanding instant surrender,
' coupled with the threat of no quarter being
given in the event of a refusal, Col. Green
' proudly responded, " We ask no quarter, nor
J will we give any.'' The Hessian returned to
I his commander, and acquainted him with the
I reply, when orders were is-ued for the eree
i tiou of u battery within half cannon shot of
the American tort ; this was completed in the
| afternoon, aul a heavy and continued fire
i opened upon the unfinished works,under whose
cover the Hessians advanced for attack
.Meanwhile great exertions had been made I>v
G reene and 1 tuples-is to render their own works
as invincible as circumstances would permit ;
the troops were marshalled and orders given
tlienj in regard to the muuoiuvers necessary on
the emmy's approach. It was resolved to
mainly rely on the inner redoubt, within which
: they hoped to check the force of the attack ;
the outwork- being as yet unfinished, were of
course precarious situations for the little gar
: risou ; their si/c was also an objection.as tend
ing too much to disperse the little army,
i About four o'clock in the afternoon, the as
-unit wis commenced by the Hessians advanc
ing under cover of a gulling fire from their
1 battery : arrived at tlie outer defences they
! were astounded on observing no signs of life,or
preparation- for resisting attack. S ippo-ing
that their overpowering numbers hid friglit
. ened the Americans into sudden retreat, they
| ha-tcncd towards the redoubt, inspired by the
cheering tantara of a drum. Rushing forward
they sprang up the parapets, and were about
affixing their standard of victory between two
embrasures, when from a half tnu-ked battery
on the left, and two embrasures in front, a
; fearful volley of grape and inu-ketry was liulr
etl directly in their faces. The effect of this i
fatal charge was decisive and drove theenemv
back several paces in great confusion. A
; second division c< until a tided by the gallant
Count I'onop in the person, attacked the fort
in another portion at the MI ME moment, lii
men passing the surrounding possee and a
ceudiug the ramparts, before even being aware
,of the enemy's presence. l.'pon these the
lire of the Americans fell with fearful vio
i lence ; their officer and his second in com
maud fell mortally wounded, and -orne three ,
or four hundred privates were instantly killed;
. the accuracy ofaiin and continued tempests of
bull- proceeding from a comparatively inv'si- !
bie enemy, were deadly in their effect, arid the
entire as well as frequent arid most galling
fires from several gaileys in the river. Tin ir
loss was great, and though so brief and hur-
I ried a conflict, yet its results were sanguinary ;
in the extreme ; two thousand of the flower of
the Hessian troops thus defeated by but four
hundred Americans, whose loss amounted to
eight killed and thirty wounded, all privates
and not an officer even scathed. Among those
; left upon the field was Donop, the brave lead
er of the Hessian expedition, a gentleman of
education and refinement, and much extolled
! for his abilities ;he fell at the first fire. An
incident connected with his premature end, '
though no long. r novel, may yet possess inter i
) est for my readers, sufficient to warrant its.
1 reuroduction.
The purple tints of sunset were mellowing
the atumnal sky,and casting long lines of soft
ened light over the broad river, which heaved
in gentle surges responsive to evening breeze.
The mantling draperies of snowy, golden-tip
ped clouds hovered above the brilliant west,
and caught in their gorgeous folds the last de
parting sunshine ; the early moon was already
visible, and though as yet emitting but feeble
radiance, poured in slanting beams across the
heaps of dead upon the bloody battlefield.—
Capt. Duplessis strolled mournfully across the
fatal plain, over the carnage-stained redoubt, j
and along the crimson-dyed abatis, when sud
denly a voice from among a pile of dead broke
upon his startled ears, as it choakingly articu
lated. " Whoever you are, draw me hence.'"—
Repairing hastily to the spot, he perceived
Count Donop, almost covered by his slaughter
ed soldiers, ami apparently gasping for that
life which was on the eve of departure. The
kind hearted Frenchman was much affected,
and ordered liirn to be conveyed to a dwelling
near by ; where every comfort was bestowed
upon the unfortunate man, Duplessis himself
remaining at the bedside and endeavoring to
soothe bis last fleeting hours. On the third
day the battle,turning to Duplessis,
the Count remarked,in tones of m>st profound
melancholy, " This is finishing a noble career
too early be paused and gazed fixedly at his !
companion ; perhaps the reflection of their
different situations passed sadiy across his
mind—he aiding to sopress the spirit of freedom
Duplessis oDiy laboring in it 3 exultation —for
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY x\T TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH.
! he resumed with bitter emotion, " I die the
victim of my ambition, and of the avarice of
my sovereign." Thus perished the bravest of
those foreign mercenaries which the British
King had allied to his standard and thus fell
one who in the cause of ilberty would have
risen to the highest tank of honor and fame ;
I his remains were buried upon the spot ; but
i now, alas I hear it, Americans, and blush for
: Jour countrymen, they have been all disinter-
I red, and the bones occupy promiuent places in
the cabinet of some antiquarian, whose hands
] should have withered ere they had touched the j
sacred ielic.
The attack on Fort Mifflin now demands
our attention, and with the reeountal of its
, stirring incidents we shall close our present i
chapter. General history is silent as to many
ol its occurrences, but wo have delved into
less superficial mines, and trust to display all
their depths, thus hidden from universal ac
cess. Scarcely had the echosof the first lies
siau gun af. Fort Mercer awakened its wild j
responses from the Pennsylvania hills, tliau
the British vessels which had passed the cht
\ vuux de f/inc at Biiliugsport, advanced and
opened their fire upon Fort Mifilin. This for
tification was defended by about fonr hundred
{ men, under the command of Lieut. Col. Sam'l
Smith, a distinguished officer of the Maryland
line. As we before stated, its merit consisted
in its strength, us the works had not been con
structed with much attention to symmetry or
regularity. By sinking these numerous che
rau.c de /rise in the river, the channel had
been so altered, that although the lower line
of barricades was passed, yet the two largest :
of the British ships, Augusta and Merlin, ran
aground and remained perfectly immovable in
the tenacious mud. The American galleys
did such execution upon these and the remain- !
ing vessels, liiut a decisive attack was po>t
poni-d until the following day, when Fort
Mifflin was expected to capitulate, after a few
well directed shots ; profoundly were the ene
my mistaken in the courage and perseverance j
of their gallant foes. Early next morning the j
battle was renewed, and a sharp action main- I
rained with the American gunboats and gal
leys at the same time that a heavy cannonade I
poured its terrors into tlie little fort. The j
British commander used every endeavor to |
circumvent Lieut. Colonel Smith by introduc
ing floating batteries into the narrow chan
nels which separated Fort Mifil.n from the
Pennsylvania shore ; but* these attempts, the
l itter's intrepidity alike rendered abortive ai d ;
lii> brave resistance materially aided the flo
tilia in their gallant and suceis-ful efforts at ;
r 'pu'sing the enemy.
Such was the deadly fire incessantly main- !
taincd, that the British ships wi re obliged to ,
give way, and floated slowly down the river ;
Toe Au_;u-ta and Merlin were -.till aground,
every hope of their being set afloat by the in-
Hux ot the tide, having passed away. The '
former of the two was finally struck by a led
hot shot, and set on fire : in an instant all on |
board was fearful confusion. The flames j
spread vvith great rapidity, arid were graduallv
approaching the ship's magazine. A majority
of the erew flscaped from the devouring ele
ment, but a few still remained, among whom
was tiio chaplain and several officers and sail
-1 ors ; before they could leave, the vessel blew ;
up with a tremendous explosion, and all on i
board perished with her. The Merlin met
with a somewhat similar fate ; having been
aban loned by her crew, she was set on lire,
and finally blew up. The vtsseis remaining
retreated down the river, passed the eh raiu
de f, is? at Biliiugsport, and for a lime Fort
Mifflin was safe and the Delaware a friendly ;
-tieam. But her waters were not destined to
remain long undisturbed ; a conflict more gal- .
lautly heroic than that which distinguished the
succeeding campaign against Fort M ill n, it is
not recorded in the annnis of the Revolution. '
Gen. Llowe immediately commenced the con- 1
struction of works on Province Island, a point J ;
between Fort Mifflin and the mainland, by
means of which lie expected to finally and ef- ; 1
fccuiaily reduce thecliivalric citadel, thus reu- '
dering himself master of the river and its nav- 1
igation. Smith, the American officer in com- '
maud, was harrassed beyond measure by the '
constant fire to which his comparatively un- 1
protected fortrc-s was exposed ; from the first '
until the sixteenth of November, an almost '
incessant cannonade was sustained by the de- j '
voted garrison. Washiugton used every en- ' '
deavor in his power to procure relief and rein- 1
foreements for the gallant defenders on the 1
Delaware, but all attempts were in vain ; an ;
order forwarded to Gen. Gates for the pur- •'
pose of effecting this object, was disregarded
by the latter in the sublimated intensity of
his presumption, and tlie commander in-efiief ! <
was obliged to await tBo progress of eycuts ; I
with anxious and painful solicitude. General 1
Varnum was, however, diqmteked to Red :
Bank, in order to render any assistance that j'
exigencies might require. j 5
The tenth of November was ushered in by 1
a simultaneous attack upon Fort Mifflin, from j'
the entire range of batteries erected on Pro- | '
vincc Island, as also from British ship-, in the ! !
river. The fortifications on the land side were ;
five in number, and mounted respectively, 1
eighteen, twenty-two, and thirty four pound i
ers ; those on the water consisted of a large '
floating battery, containing twenty-two tweu- ! <
ty-fonr pounders ; this latter approached with- j s
in forty yards of the tort, and opened a dead- . 1
ly lire upon the stockadoJ and ramparts ; be- s
sides these—sufficient, it might reasonably lie '
supposed, to utterly annihilate the garrison at
Mifflin —there were six other vessels farther I
out in the stream, so situated as to bombard '
the interior and level the parapets. Although '
great losses were suffered on this first day by J
the Americans, in the death of Captain Treat '
a brave young officer, and the partial downfall £
cf the barracks, still, such was their comman- '
der's energy and skdi, that he was enabled to |
respond with great effect to the destructive 1
shots discharged against them. On the follow- I
ing day, the enemy somewhat varied their fire,
the result of which burst with fearful force
upon dismounted gnus and ruptured palisades;
total destrnction appeared the inevitable set
n leuce, but sti!! Ccf. Smith fought with ua- :
" REGARDLESS Of DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER."
flinching valor, aided in his noble exertions by
Major Fleurr, one of the French allies, who
distinguished himself by untiring efforts in re
pairing the constantly reopening breaches.—
During the contest of this day, an unfortunate
occurrence deprived the garrison of their
commander's presence ; he had entered the
barracks, and was preparing to write for as
sistance to General Varnum, at Red Dank,
when a shot struck the chimney, shattering
brickwork, and covering him with stones and
rubbish. Such was the violence of the con
j cussicn, as for a time to leave him insensible,
and ils effects rendered it necessary to convey
him across the river, where surgical attendance
! could be administered. The command now
devolved upon Lieut. Col. Russell, who re
placed the former, and continued the attack ;
exhaustion and ill health finally prevailed over
this officer, and Lis place was occupied by Ma
jor Thayer of the Rhode Island line, by whose
courage and ability the daily warfare was pro
tracted, and a faint hope of ultimate success
invoked. This latter gentleman was a person
;of the most desperate bravery ; he would ■
rather die within his fortress then surrender !
while a drop of life blood remained.
Reinforcements for the enemy in the shape
of numerous armed boats, now arrived, and j
their firing added to the constantly increasing j
tumult. On the morning of the fourth duy, ;
a terrific cannonade burst upon the fort from !
a huge floating battery ; bat fearful as must
have been its powers, yet that heroic garrison
were enabled to silence it guns before the ap
proach of evening indicated the happening of
renewed horrors. The enemy became dis- j
cuuraged ; unaware of the small number with
which they had been so unequally contending, i
it was supposed that some preponderating
force occupied the little citadel ; and they
were on the point of again relinquishing the
contest, when a scoundrel, who had deserted
iroin the Americans, arrived, and inspired i
them with hope, from his accounts of the gar
rison's inferiority in strength and total inabili
ty to withstand, for a much longer period, the
perils of the fight.
On the 15th a combined attack from the
shipping and land batteries was meditated, and .
accordingly every arrangement f r the perfect
ing of this design was immediately set in mo
tion. AH the ships and gunboats in the liv
er were drawn up round the fort, leaving a
space free for the missiles from Province Is
land to hurl their iron storm against it< para
pets Early in the morning of the day we
iiave men'ioned, a sudden silence pervaded the
besieging forces, but it was that ominous calm
which precedes a temp -t, when the thunder
is for a moment hnsheo and the lightning with
holds its power Ten o'clock approached,
when a solitary bugle note rang over the wa
ters, in wild vet mellow harmony ; in an in
stant the air was filled with fiery mi.-.-ili-s, and
the hiss of bombs mingled with the crash of
ramparts or the bursting roar of cannon. The I
day pnsed on with no interruption to the
dreadful din, and night hung her dark canopy
over the awful scene, only to increase the ter
ror of the hour. Flush or. flash illumined the .
surrounding gloom, peal on peal reverberated
in loudest echoes from the distuut hills ; while
the whizzing of cannon balls from the batter
ies on shore, and the continued rattling of
musketry from yard arms which actually over
hung the barracks, made " night hideous " by
their frightful dis inance.
Major Thayer, the American officer in com
mand, forseeing tiiat it would be idle longer to '
maintain the disproportioned co:ite<t, resolved
upon leaving the fort, ami retreating to Red
Bank. Accordingly, when the uproar had i
somewhat subsided, he dispatched over a ma
jority of the troops, retaining only forty men
with whom he intended to cover their flight.—
Ail his defences had been shot away, and not
the slightest protection now remained ; some
broken remnants of the barracks still lingered,
and to these he set fire, by the lurid light of
whose conflagration, he escaped across the
river, and resigned the ruined, dilapidated for
tress to the enemy's power. .V dearly won
treasure, acquired at an enormous sacrifice of
human life and human resources. This battle 1
was distinguished by acts of most extraordi
nary valor, the entire garrison vicing with each
other in the bravery with which every outpost j
was defended, each embrasure manned, proving ■
how men can combat, when freedom is to be
their reward. Congress testified its approba
tion and regard for the gallantry displayed on . ;
this bloody field, by presenting a sword 'o Col.
Smith, at the same time awarding a well de- <
served promotion to Major Fleury.
General Howe, now in possession of Fort ;
Mifflin, determined upon exerting all his pow
rr in the reduction of its compeer on the op
posite shore, and therefore ordered Lord Corn- .
wallis to make a descent upon Fort Mercer,
and tlins remove from the British fleet a very j
dangerous incumbrance. General Green was j
sent by Washington to intercept this move- I
uient, but on arriving near to the former's
troops, the great majority of their numbers ,
rendered him unwilling to hazard so unequal I
an engagement. The commandant at Fort i
Mercer, Col. Christopher Greene, learning of
Cornwall's approach, and aware how dispro
portioned would be the contending armies, re
solved upon leaving Red Rank, and seeking
only to protect the lives of his few exhausted
soldiers ; in the hurried retreat, many cannon 1
balls, besides military stores, etc., were neces
sarily left behind, and of consequence became '
the enemy's property.
Valley Forge now received these toil worn 1
patriots, and amid its snows, they could glance !
back upon their noble achievements, and re- 1
fleet that although defeat and death constant- '
ly followed in their footsteps, yet with Wash- 1
ington as a general and liberty as a recompense, !
all perils and misfortunes were but as fleecy '
vapors which vanish with the sunshine. Hap- 1
py the leader who commauded, thrice happy :
the men who served, for their requital was
freedom, their chieftain Washington.
HISTOP.TA.
S£g" Always look at those whom yon are
talking to. never to those whom you are talk
ing of,
Fatten Hogs Early.
We have used this this caption, or its equi
valent, on former occasions. It has been
brought to mind by reading an article from a
correspondent of the Ohio Farmer. He first
" hogged down " (in western parlance) forty
acres of corn, between the 10th of Sepember
and the i!3d of October. By the hogs being
weighed when they were turned in and when
they were taken out.it was found that they
paid f orty cents a bushel for the corn,estimat
ing the pork at four ceuts per lb., and corn at
forty bushels per acre.
Ilis next course was to take one hundred
hog*, averaging 200 lbs. each, which were
placed in nine covered pens and fed all they
could eat of corn and cobs ground togtther,
steamed, and given in allowances five times a
Jay. In a week they were again weighed,
when, reckoning 70 lbs. of corn and cob as
equal to a bushel of corn, and the pork as be
fore, the hogs paid 80 cents a bushel for the
corn. The weather was warm for the season
The same experiment was tried again the i
I week in November, when the corn brought 62 :
cents, the weather being—colder. The third
week in November the corn brought only 40
: cents, and the fourth week the corn brought
i 26 cents, the weather continuing to grow coi- !
der. Another lot of hogs was fed through j
December, which gave only 26 cents a bushel j
for the corn. A part of the time the tempera ,
lure was at zero, and then the hogs only gain
ed enough to pay five ceuts a bushel for the :
I corn, and afterward, when the mercury went
1 down to ten degrees below zero, the hogs only
held their oicn.
The inference from these trials is, that in j
general it is not profitable to feed corn to hogs ;
after the middle of November. The difference
in gain is certainly surprising, and whether j
caused altogether by the difference in temper- ,
: ature or not, no person of observation can '
do'ubt that hogs gain ranch more in proportion 1
to the food consumed, in mild than in cold !
weather It seems that the hogs gained much '
less by helping themselves to corn in the field j
than when the corn was ground and cooked
and fed to the animals in pens, under equal
advantages of weather.— Boston Cultivator.
Setting Fence Posts.
EDS GENESEE FARMER : —lt has been as
serted by correspondents of the Farmer, and j
, others, that wooden posts will last longer with
the top, than with the butt, end in the ground
I have often heard a similar opinion expressed
iu regard to fencing stakes. Now if this is so,
there is undoubtedly a cause fur it. What is '
it tliat cause ?
In connection with this subject, the follow
ing ideas have been suggested, which, if er
rontons, cau be refuted ; ii correct, can do no
harm.
Premised—that moisture continues to follow
in a certain degree, 'he same course through
the pores of wood after death ns when alive. !
Those who assume to know, inform us the j
sap of a living tree passes from the roots up- j
ward thro* the wood of the trunk to the leaves j
there to undergo certain chemical changes,and j
then flows downward principally between the j,
bark and wood to the roots again—thus form- ,
ing a current of sap or moisture, whose course
is always upward through the pores of the
wood, and downward between the bark and
wo< d.
Therefore, if wood after death be placed in
its original position—the butt end iu the ground i
—this upward movement of moisture through
the pores of the wood may still continue, 1
although to a sum!! extent, yet still enough to j
keep the lower.end of the wood partly saturat- j
ed with water—thus facilitating its decay.
Again : it the wood be.inverted, whatever
influence is exerted in the former case to cause i
the moisture to rise or flow upward, the same '
influence will be exerted in the same degree to
oppose its entrance into the pores of the wood.
If, as had been asserted, the decay of wood
is prevented to n certain extent by placing in
an opposite position from that while alive, it
deserves to tie geiier-lly known.
It is a subject of much importance, and nil
facts tending to prove, or disprove, should be
elicited.
IMtast, Me.. Sept. 7. 1 MJO. G. E. BRACKET!.
A BFACTIFIE EXTRACT. — Beautiful is old ;
age, beautiful as the slow drooping mellow
Autumn of a rich, glorious Summer. In the
old man, nature has fulfilled her work ; she
loads him with fruits of a well speut life ; and
surrounded by his children, she rocks him
away softly to the grave, to which be is fol
lowed by blessings. God forbid that we
should not call it beautiful. There is another
life, hard, rough, and thorny, trodden with
bleeding feet and aching brow, and a battle
which no peace follows this aide of the grave ;
which the grave gapes to finish before the vic
tory is won ; and strange that it should be so
—this is the highest life of a man. Look
back along the great names of history, there
is none whose life is other than this.— "West
minster Review.
BEACH FIT. PARAGRAPH. —Sir Humphrey
Davy writes :—" I envy no quality of the
mind and intellect in others,be it genius.power
wit or fancy ; but if I could choose what would
be most beautiful, and I believe most useful
to me, I should prefer a firm religious belief to
other blessing ; for it makes life a discipline of
goodness ; varnishes and throws over the
decay—the destruction—of existence,the most
gorgeous of all light ; awakens new life, even
death ; makes an instrument of torture and
shame the ladder of ascent to Paradise ; and
far above all combinations of earthly homes,
call up the most beautiful visions of the palms
and amaranths, in the gardens of the blest, j
and the security of everlasting joys, where the
sensualist views only gloom, decay, aunihila- j
tion, and despair."
Koine malicious persons asserts that the
letters M. D., which are placed after pbyei J
c.ans' uauies, eiSuify " Money Down ' '
VOL. XX I. —NO.
Cbutaiional TBtprtincut.
fiisy The ancual examinations for Teacher*
| for 1800, will be holden at the following timfß
and places, vit:
! October the Milan School House, in
Ulster.
Oct. 2a, at house, Athens.
Oct. 20, at the center house, Litchfield,
Oct. 27, at the Kuykeadall hoose, Windham
Oct. 29, at the Bowen Hollow hou3, War
; ren.
Oct. 30, at the Orwell Hill house.
Oct. 31, at. the Academy, Leßaysrlile.
Nov. 1, at the Black house, Tuscarora
Nov. 2, at the Merryftll house.
Nov. 3, at the Ingham house, Wilinot.
Nov. 5, at the .McOoyre house, Terry ; also
at the Frenclitown house, Asylum.
Nov. 6, at the Brown school house, for Al
- and Overton ; also at the Stevens house,
Standing Stone, (at which Inst named plaro
the examination will commence at 11 o'clock,
: a. m.
Nov. 7, at the borough house, Monroe ; al
so at the Herrickville school bouse
Nov. 8, at the borough house, for the To
wnndas ; also at the Academy at Rome
Nov. 9, at the Qore house for Sheshequin.
Nov. 10, at the Myersburg hoose, Wysox
Nov. 12, at the Varney house, Frankliu ;
i also at the borough house for Burlingtons.
Nov. 13, at the Taylor house, Granville ;
aNo at the center house, Sprinnfie'.d.
Nov. 14, at the center house, Leßoy ; also
at the Burnham house, Bidgbury.
Nov 15, at the Corners house, for Canton
| and Armenia ; also at the Gillett house, South
I Creek
Nov. 10, at the borough house, Troy ; also
i at the Rowley house, Wells.
Nov. 17, at the Academy, Sraithfield ; also
' at the Morgan Hollow house, Columbia.
The examinations will commence precisely
! at 10 o'clock, A. M. No candidates will be
examined who do not come in before 11, un
less the tardiness be unavoidable. No person
will be inspected who does notintend to teach
in the couuiy during the year, neither will any
be examined that have attended inspections in
other townships. Private examinations will
in no case be granted, except in accordance
with the provisions of the school law, as found
|on page 51 Each teacher will bring a Read'
or, one sheet of Foolscap Paper, pen and ink
Directors and parents are earnestly invited
to be present nt the examinations in their re'
spective townships.
C. K COBURN, Co. Sup't.
To war,da, September 4, 18G0.
Bw-The fourth ni nual scrsion of Teachers
Institute for the Western ai:d South western
townships of this county wrs holdui at Alba,
during the week commencing Oct Ist. A. T.
Lilley was appointed secretary. There were
, 102 members in attendance most of the week,
this was more than was expected, considering
that the N. Y. state fair was the same week,
\ there was also u political meeting at Troy, at
which place sewral speakers of eminence more
; exptcted.
<■ Notwithstanding these inducements to leave
the teachers were regular in their attendace
and prompt in the performance of their duties.
The day sessiots were spent as usnal in
drilling upon the branches taught in our com
mon schools, cccasicnahly spending an hour or
more upon some of the more advanced sceinces.
t Special attention was giving to composition
! writing and instruction given as to the man
ner of conducting the exercise so as to make
it pleading to children. In conducting these
I dr lis the Superintendent was a.-s sled by Mr
.Johns Superintendent of T:ogn and W. W.
Rogers teacher of Canton.
During the evenings several questions per
taining to educational matters were discussed
iby members of the Institute and cthera
. in attendance. Several declamations were also
had. On Tuesday evening a lecture was de
livered by Mr. Johns upon the general subject
of Education. On Wednesday evening by
G. Corey of Monroe upon Geography, and on
lh r -day evening by Dr. C. T. Bliss of Leßoy
upon penmanship, and by Mr. liurdic teacher
in Leßoy, who repeated an original poem.
Fiiday evening was wholly taken up by an old
fashioned spelling school. A portion of Friday
afternoon was spent by the teachers and Super
intendent together with many of the citizens of
the place in the grove of Esq . Palmer in which
they engaged in such amusements as the titno
uuil place appeared to suggest os pleasant aud
profitable. The following resolutions were
unanimously adopted after having first report
ed by a committee composed of W. W Rogers,
M. B Mudge, Mary Adauis,aud E.-,ther Case.
Resolvid, That we recommend to the Direc
tors of the several township represented in this
Institute that they take measures to have in
troduced into their schools Citbograpliic copies
for the use of their scholars ; and that they
require the teachers to give instruction in ac
cordance with the principles they adopt.
Resolved, That wo consider that Teachers'
Institute are doing much to promote the cause
of Education and that we will nse our influence
to sustain these.
Resolved, That we as members of this Ipsti
tute tender our thanks to Prof. C. R Cobnrn,
for his untiring exertions in our behalf.
Resolved, That, the thanks of this Institute
are due to the inhabitants of this place for the
kindness they have shown us dnring our stay
with them and for the interest they have tnani
| fested in onr behalf.
Resolved, That onr thanks are due to the
j chovr for their excellent music, to Miss Emma
Wilson for the nse of her Melodeon, and to
, the trustees of the Disciples Church fof the
use of their building
I Resolved, That for the kindness of P. Palmer
Esq , in permitting to enjoy ourselves in his
j plcusant grove and feast upon the products of
' his orchard, we are under lastiug obligations.
8©- He is a wise man who lear;B from
[ every one. he is powerful who governs hie
rations, aud he is rich who is ccuteated
4 r •