ftcgal.
/AIUTIANS' COURT SALE.—By virtue
\ ' of an order of the Orphans' Court of Bradford Co.,
will be exposed to public sale at the TROY HOUSE, in
Troy Borough. at 3 o'clock, Y. M., of FRIDAY. MAY' 11,
ISGO, a tract of land in Troy town>hip, the esUte of Hub
bard J. Williams, a minor child of Jobnsou Williams 2d,
late of said township, deceased, bounded as follows :
Beginning at a stake inline of Sands of S. W. Payne,
and corner of lauds of Jehu Smith ; thence north along
the line of S. W. Payne eleven rods or thereabouts to a
stake and stones ; thence south by other lauds of Hub
baid J. Williams one hui di ed and el; lit perches to a stake
end stones standing in the north lint of the Hubbard lot;
thence east by the same eleven pitches to the west line
of J. M. Smith ; thence by the same north one hundred
and eight perches to the place of beginning. Containing
about six acres, be the same more or less, all improved.
Terms made known on the di y of sale.
J. V. HOPKINS,
April 13,13(10. Guardian.
SHERIFFS SALES.—By virtue of writs
kZ' of Vend. Expo, i -ued out of the Court of Common
Pleas of Brad foul County, to me directed and delivered,
will be exposed* public sale at the Court House in the
Borough of Towanda. on FRIDAY, MAY' 11,1660, at
i o'clock P. M., the following lot of land situate in
Borne tp., bounded north by laud of Joseph Bennett, and
ilockefellow, east by laud "of E. C. Boarcman aud James
Gilbert, south by lands of Daniel Russell and Nathan I).
ilili, west by lands claimed by wife of defendant, Thomas
F. Hill. Containing seventy-!' .c acrc-s, more or less,
altout twenty-five acres improved, one framed house and
a few fruit trees thereon.
ALSO—The defendant, Thomas F. Hill's interest in all
that certain tract, lot,.piece or parcel of laud si mate in
Rome tp., bounded north by land of Joseph Seely, east
by lanu of ThomasF. Hill, the defendant, south by laud !
• ■i' Nathan D. Hill, west by land of John Passmore. Con-1
taining fifty-six acres, more or less, about thirty acres
improved, one framed house, one flamed barn, and a few i
l'ruit frets thereon.
teir.ed and taken in execution at the suit of 0. 11. P. !
Kinney and Ralph Gore vs. Thomas I*'. llill.
ALtsO—The follow.ug lot, piece or parcel of land situ- i
rtc iu North Towanda tp., bounded north by land of j
Stephen A. Mills and William Elwell, east by Sugar Creek
south by laud of David Rutty, wort by land of Silas
Mills. Cor.' lining one hundred and fifty acres, more or
less, about ninety acres improved, with one framed dwel
ling house, a framed barn, a cider mill, a work shop, a
blacksmith aliop, a corn house, and an apple orchard
thereon.
s cd and taken in execution at the suit of 0. D. Bart
lett vs. Ezra Butty.
THOMAS M. WOODRUFF, Sheriff. A
Sheriffs office, Towanda, April 16,1660.
I IST OF GRAND JURORS, drawn for
J-J May Sessii
Athens tp.—Ezekiei Cnrrey. Springfield—C II Campbell,
Burlington—C. F. Nichols, Rodney Cooler.
David S Luther. She-hequin—John f'rotsley,
Burliug'n west—l, DSwainc Standing Stone—Alexander
Derrick—Edwin S Tyrrell, i EunD.
Lcßuy—Lindley Stone. (Troy n< ro' Nelson Adams.
Pike—James H John on, W Troy tp—Nelson Wood.
Pitcher. Terry—Charles Thompson.
RidgLery—Geo Cooper. Wva'l using-—-Sterling Ack-
Kmithfteld—Bamn'l Farweß. ley, Henry Veabryck.
S II Farnesworth, Allen W. ricn—■Channrey"Arnold.
Hale. Wilmot—Daniel CrafitialL
nurxxax Jir.oin—J iK. i winx.
Athens tp—Harris Murray. 'Standing: :onc--F. S. Whit-
Athens boro—G A Perkins, man.
A.-ylum—lsaac We-' ;v<"... jSpringfic-Id—lra W.rd worth,
Burlington boro'—S W Mil j I Burg:..-,, E F Parkhurst
Icr, Ab'm Motley. ISoatb Creek—D F Hildretb.
Canton—S< loinonl.ir.dley. fimrtit■■ Searle 1* Max
i'ranklin—Thomas Smiley. '.i: Id, .Ti In 1 ord.
llerrick—John Angle. " Terry—lchaborl Corson.
I.elf y -Ih.hert H Kce. Ulster--Henry Davidson, R
Monroe tp—Samuel I.ynn. W Russell. (.' Rockwell.
Orwell —Cyrus Cook, Benj. Wysox—M Strickland.
Lyon. IWyalnainr—John Irvine.
Overton—Ama=a Tleverly. Wilmot—Jos Gamble, B C
i'ike—Bradford Beeeher. 1 Barnes.
Sheshequin—O D Snyii r.' ; We!l° Newell Leonard, W
Mansun Elsbre 2d, C M ; It Wilson.
Sep::r. j Warren—Lyman Hine.
Snrithfield—o J Burlingamej
SECOND WEEK.
Athens tp—E Ovenshirc. Smithfield- Ira Adams, W
Amenit Israel Moore, 6 Brown. Lester Arnold.
Williams. Staktqiia—Abeam Gore.
Columbia—William Wilson Towanda Tp.—D. Bowman
Kelson Wolf. > iVnranda north—W NFoster
Canton—Oliver T Dunbar. Towanda boro—J M'Cabe.
James Barnes. Troy tp—A May nurd.
Granville—John Yruman, S Ulster—Albert "Newell, I.j
H Case. Lewis,
llerrick—ll W Camp. Wyalusing—L P Stal oid, r
Litchfield—John Rogers Jr. Some. George Acroyd, N
Loßoy—Boswell Rogers. Ncl- n R At wood.
Monroe boro—J Hornet,. Wilmot—Win A Stodu.ird.
Or Well—o J Loss, Charier Wells—J J Osgood, Daniel
ELwortli, Joel Barnes. P Strong.
Rome—William McCal e. Wysox—E A Codlbangh.
South Creek—Mile3 Roberts
OEGISTER'S NOTICES —Notice ishcrc-
Lli by given, that there lias been filed and settled in
toe oftiee of Ihe Register of Wills, In aud for the county
of Bradford, accounts of Administration upon the follow
ing estates, viz:
Final account of J. Elliott, cx'i',of Win. Gibson, late of
Ulster, deceased.
Final account of C.'Buk, adm'r, of W. Berk, late of
South Creek, dee'd.
Final account of Ih Hawkins, adm'r. of G. Hawkins,
laie of Armenia. ' v'J.
Final u or tofH. A. C.i>c, adm'r. cf F. Smead, late
of Columbia, de 'J.
Final act > nnt of A. Tales and G. S. Hicks, adm'rs. of
Z. Ilieks, late of A the-:. . dee'd.
Finalacc nnto R.Williams, adm'r. of A.l.uce, late
of Lcßov, deci 1.
Partiu account of F. Newl ny, guardian of A. John
son. a minor son of S. Johnson, deceased.
Final acouut of G.'w. Workman, guardian of O. D.
Culver, minor m n of D. B. C ilr dc east
Final account of J. D. Burbnnk, guardian of Alvira,
Cadclia, and Sanford Dimon, minor children of G.Den
ison, deceased.
Phial account of A. Leaf, guardian of Calista Shores,
Phebe Barton, and Hannah Shores, minor children ol R.
N. Horten, deceased.
Final account of D. E. Avres, guardian of Tempy A.
Strong, a minor daughter of T. A. Strong, deceased.
Ruppkmontary account il A. W. Ayrea aud Amanda
Strong,adm'rs. of Themes A. strong, l ite of Wells, dee'd.
•Final account of W. Y. Glines, adm'r. oi J. Thompson
late of Bouth Creek, deeea <■>!.
Final account of C. G. Gridley. adm'r. of A. Allyn,
lute of Warren deceased.
Final account of S. c. Hovey. June Monday, and Rob't
Koore,adm'rs. ot W. Hovey lute of Ulster, ooeessed.
Finul account of J. B. L:uk.y, one of the exee'rs. o
Elijah Lackey, late ol Shmheqnin, deceaai d.
I I ii account of A. s.. ward, adm'r. of. E A.Child, late
of Smithfield, decsa.-ed.
Final account of J. M. A A. Whitney, adinr's of James
Woodfield, late of Wyalosing dee'd.
And the same will be pr. -ented to the Orphan's Court
of Bradford county, on MONDAY the 3d day of May
next, for Continuation and allowan e.
JAMES 11. WEBB, Register.
Regi ter's Office, April 3, lsui).
SPECIAL COURT.—Notice is herebygiv-
O en tliat a Special Court of Common Pleas will be
held at the Court House, in Towanda, for the County of
Bradford, commencing on MONDAY, the 21st day of
MAY next, at 2 o'clock I'. M., at which the lion. Roiiekt
G. Whitz will preside,for the tri lof the following causes
to wit:
Lyman Matson vs Ira and Richard Jennings, Eject.
Israel Smith vs. Samuel Kellum and Michael Thomp
son, Ejectment.
A. B. Smith vs. Samuel Kellum, ct. nl. Trespass.
Israel Smith vs. Samuel Kellum, 2d. Trover.
Edward Overton vs. A. 15.Smith, et. al Ejectment.
Subpoenas made returnable at 2 o'clock, in the after
noon of Monday as aforesaid. ALLEN M'KEAN,
Pro't.s. Office" March IKS. I'rothonotnry.
[ICBNSES. — Notice is hereby given that
A the following named persons have filed in the office
of the Clerk ol the Court of Quarter Sessions, their peti
tions for License under the existing laws of this Com
monwealth. and their several applications will be heard
before the Judges ol the Court of Quarter Sessions, on
MONDAY, the 2d day of May next, at 2 o'clock, in the
afternoon of said day ;
i'OK A TAVEKN I
Moses T. Currier, Towanda boro.
William Leahy, "
John Ijanghlin,.. "
John Kendall "
Ezra llolcomb Canton.
M. M. Coolbaugli, Monroe boro.
Archibald Forbes, Ulster.
G. M. Elsbree, "
Philip P. Sweet, "
John Scouton, Smithfield.
J.M. H0rt0n,..., Terry.
John Wendell... _ Wilmot.
C. Augustus Williams A Co., Troy boro.
John O. Ward, Troy twp.
J. S. Sloan Athens boro-
John S. Thompson Wyalnsing.
L. S. Case, Rome.
Joel B. Dickson, Warren.
Daniel Knapp, Canton.
C. H. Ames, Sheshequin.
Darins Myers Ulster.
Daniel Knapp, Canton.
R. M. Ross Sylvania Borough.
N. F. Tuttle, Smithfield.
S. C. Myer.-M. Canton.
lames I'. Strong Colombia.
Charles O. French R'ulgbury,
Benjamin Herman, Itidgbury.
Hammond, -Springfield.
Jason Chaffee Rome.
L N?,* 011 . Standing Stone
b. E. \\ dcojt Troy borough.
.... MERCHANT DEALERS.
Guernsey A Mitchell, T rov ko-q
JHCscellaiieous.
NEW ATTRACTIONS !
At Geo. H. Wood's Gallery,
TOWAJiDA, PA.
I \ Y"ou can procure, at low prices,
/ \Pe©f©(BMFMS,
h \of all sixes, up to life size, cither plain or re
' touched, colored in oil or pastille.
Also. MELAINOTYTES and AMBROTYPES, and al
most all other kinds of type 3. Pictures iu good cases for
50 cents, and other sizes and qualities in proportion.
Melainotypcs made in all kinds of weather, (except for
children. All work warranted. August 10.1859.
I cl
.Af.k. J
Tri < rr^wiffMwiw'Ui
up HIS IS THE ESTABLISHMENT
i JL where yon can find a very fine assortment of
I WATCHES AND JEWELRY of all descriptions, also a
j good stock of CLOCKS, prices ranging from 10 shillings
j up, ai.d warranted to give good satisfaction or no sale.
! I am also agent for the sale of D. E. LENT'S celebrated
j Barometers, which every farmer should always have. Pri
ees from is to S2O, according to finish REPAIRING
done as usual in a neat and workmanlike manner and war
ranted. WM. A. CH AM BERLIN.
SHE OLE STAND
STILL IN OPERATION!
THE subscriber would announce
to the public iliat he lias now on
■"kaml, and will make to order all
kinds of CABINET FURNITURE,
IcLfS '> i - 3 such as Solas, Divans
! li^Jr!J tie, Card, Dining and Breakfast Ta-
JE. ble. Mahogany, Walnut, Maple and
'tf g B" Cherry Bureaus, Stands of various
S_ j} B— j kinds, Chairs and Bedsteads of every
description, which a re, and will he made of the best ma-
I terial and workmanlike manner, aud which they will sell
for cash cheaper than can be bought in any otucr Ware-
I room in the coontry.
I READY'-MADK COFFINS, on hand on the mostrea
: sonahk- terms. A good HEARSE will lie furnished on
Funeral occasions. JAMES AIACKINSON.
■Towanda, January 1.1R57.
DISSOLUTION. —The co-par tuership i.crc
tcfnro exi ting G f-vcen the su' -ciibcrs under the
firm of CL LP A KIRBY", is this day di--' Ived by mutual
COMSUt. The hooka, aptan, accounts, and other obliga
tions and papers belonging to said firm, are now in the
hands of JERK C'UI.P for settlement.
All accounts and notes overdue on the Ist day of Feb
ruary next, will he put in course of collection without re
spect to persons. Until that time Grain,.SheepPeitsand
l Hides will he received in payment.
JERRY GULP,
Towanda, August 1.U50. J. P. KIRBY.
JERjTir CT7X.-P
Will hereafter canyon the HARNESS AND SADDLE
BL'SINE: —in all its various branches, at the old stand
of Gulp & Kirby. where lie solicits a continuance of the
patronage hitherto enjoyed. A large stock of Ready-Made
articles and materials will be kept on hand, and every
exertion made to deserve the fi.vorol'the public.
McCABE'S
CENTRAL MEAT MARKET,
Lilac J. Kingsbe> y s store, Main si.
] r PHE subscriber would respectfully tender his sincere
JL thanks t'> tin public for the very liberal patronage
! extended tohim. and Mlicita a continuance of the same.
He begs leave o as aire that he int uuls to keep on hand
as heretofore, a lioici selection of MEATS ol all kinds,
the best the com try affords, which he intends to sell lot
very small profit.- , ei'lier by t! e side, qu n-ter or pound.
£ t 'A quantitj of fir-t qualit. of SALT PORK, put up
by mj -elf.: heap, by the barrel or pound,
M- ats will be promptly delivered, at any place within
the conioration.
Towa da. August 12, U-o?. J M -CABE.
TOMB STONES AND MONUMENTS.
ITotvanda HSarblc Factory.
(Nearly Opposite Ihe Laptiit Church.)
The subscribers haveonened the TOWAN-
MARBLE FACTiHIV. where lie w ill be
jirepared to' furnish Monuments and Tomb
*" c ''l ! '' i !~tone. ninnuiui tu. d from the l est qualities
'UU of RUTLAND and ITALIAN MARBLE, and j
-'i F'jfv v : >''.-bt iiitc snob styles and designs as will I
suit every variety of taste.
Person* v.-Uing to make their selections
can do so whenevir iu Towanda, by calling at j
this New Establishment.
The superior q .ality of the stock, the artistical beauty
of the w u h.andthe promptness with which orders will |
be tided, will olicr inducements to visit this new shop.
I'. H. BALDWIN,
MILLS BARKER,
Towanda, Jan. 2,1-00. i'loprietur.
EErEJtnN-csr.'
WAvrni.r. TOWAXBA, TA.
Hon. Nathan Brlst >l, Prof. C. R. Coh'irn,
G. H. Btefnsd, Cashier, Rev. Julius Foster,
B.U,CMOS, Merchant, H.B Mercur, Merchant,
Alpin fi Donbleday,do. Montanycs, "
Bev. O. Crane. T. M. Woodruff. Sheriff,
" Win. I'utnam, Col. A. M'Kcan, Prot'y,
'• I>. A. Sliepard, Hon. 1). Wilmot,
F. Tyler. Pres't. Bank. " J.C. A dims.
cHr'trxa. " Wm. Elwell.
G. w. Buck, Esq. B v. Persona. Ed. Argon.
WY-OX. E. O. Goodrich,Ed.lteporter.
V. E. Piollct. Esq.
CASH FOR PELTS,
AT THE
Metropolitan Hardware Store,
ORWELL, PA.
STOVES, Elevated Oven.
SifOVES, Farlor.
STOVES, Divin? Flue.
STOVES, Wood or Coal.
IX LARGE STOCK AND VARIETY.
IRON, BY THE BAR OR TON.
Fanning Mills, Corn Shellers, Grind stoves,
Boring and Drilling Machines, Axles and
Springs, Mill Sp X Cut Saws, S/eel,
Zinc, Copper, Sheet Iron, Tin
and llcivy Goods, at
October 12, 1659. S. N. BRONSON'S.
F it I IT TREESj
Shrubs aud Vines.
A S the season is approaching for beautifying and adorn-
I\ ing our grounds with the useful and ornamental, 1
would say to my friends and the public, in this and the
neighboring counties, that I will lie prepared as soon as
the Spring opens to supply them with all things in the
Nursery line. I have commenced the cultivation of a
Nursery at this place, and have all articles needed in our
county. Persons sending me orders can depend on get
ting what they order in good condition, and of the best
quality. My stock is warranted to be in good order when
delivered, but I want it understood that I do not replace
the trees that do not live, the loss is the buyers. The
following varieties can be found at my garden the present
Spriug:
Apple trees, Dwarf and Standard; Pears, Dwarf and
Standard ; Cheary, Dwarl and Standard ; Plums ; Ever
greens : I.awton Blackberry ; Peaches ; Mountain Ash ;
Strawberries of all kinds ; Apricots ; Horse G'liesnut;
Raspberries of all kinds ; Currants ; Gooseberries; Roses;
Dahlais ; Delaware, Diana, Concord and Rebecca Grape
Vines ; as well as Clinton, Catawba and Isabella, all well
rooted, all in this line on hand.
Towanda, April 6, 1860. DANIEL HARKIXS.
rm. PRATT
HAS removed to the corner of Second and Poplar sts.,
immediately back of the Ward House. All ac
counts with him over one years standing, must be im
mediately settled.
Towanda, Sept. 21,185!>.
PLASTER. —100 tons Plaster for sale for
Cash, Grain, Ac., at
December 1?. ROCKWELL'S.
CAUTTODT. "
AI T, persons are cautioned against purchasing a note
for about Forty Dollars, given by me to Joux BOW
MAS, or bearer, dated Towanda February, 1858, as 1 have
paid the • i 1 note in full. DANIEL COLE.
2farch 22,15C0.
iHlstrtlanrous.
THE miEKD or
E. Clark's Revolving Looper
DOUBLE THREADED
FAMILY SEWING MACHINE
The Revolving Looper is a late improvement on Ray
mond's Latest Improved.)
Warranted the best in the world for l%mily Use 1
Trice Wiihiu (lie Reach if Every Family.
PRICE $35.
j Hemmcr, Feller, Binder A Tucking guage, combined, $5.
j rpilE reputation of this Machine is now Fully cslablish
! I edasthe mast reliable ' Machine in the "market for
family use, end has been attested too by thousands of the
most respectable familts in the Union.
This Machine makes the celebrated " Double Lock '
Stitch," the only one made by machinery that meets all
the requirements of Family Sewing. Each stitch is tied
twice, so that every one is securely fastened and wholly
independent of all the other stitches for strength, so that
if the seam is cut or every fourth stiteli broken, the sew
ing must hold good while the fabric will wear. The
machinery which makes this stiteli is a marvel of sim
plicity, requiring no mechanical skill to manage it, nor
docs it require adjustment more than the mere change of
thread and needles to adopt it to the character of the
work to be sewed—coarse or fine as the case may be. It
will sew gauze laces, and all varieties and kinds of fab
lies between-arid including heavy beaver cloth, without
changing either needles or thread equally well, and re
turn to either variety of work with perfect satisfaction.
No other Machine ever offered to the public will do as
much.
A perfect Sewing Machine, one making a stitch an
swering all the requirements of the family.sewing coarse
and tine work equally well, was the great desideratum of
the home circle, previous to the invention of EDWIN
CLARK'S REVOLVING LOOPER. The stitch is beautiful,
trong, and elastic, and will nut rip in mar or in acci
dental breaking a thread.
Every Machine is warranted to give satisfaction or the
money refunded.
We have a large list of references but will give the
names of only a few :
M IVSOETON, Pa.. Feb. 27,1860.
Mr. B. F. SHAW— Sir : 1 have used for the last three
> months in my Tailor-Shop, one of " Raymond's Latest
, Improved Sewing Machines," and Ido think it the best
; in use for tailoring purposes, and would not do without
it for One Hundred Dollars if I could not get auotiier of
! the kind for less money.
ANTHONY MULLON.
Mrs. Wui. Elwoll, Towanda, I'a.
. Miss Harriet Alloway, North Towanda.
Miss Minerva Yosburg, (tailorcss) Burlington, Pa.
Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, Asylum, Pa,
Mrs. J. W. Alexander, Troy. Pa.
! Mrs. E. P. Shaw, Sheshequin, Pa.
Rev. X. A. DeFew, Pcntield, N. Y.
I Calvin Carpenter, Esq. Elinira, N. Y.
Mr. F. A.Scott, Elmira, X. s'.
Mr. M. Richardson, Elmira, N. Y.
Mrs, J. H. Webb, Towanda, i'a.
Mrs. .T. 11. Nevins, Towanda, Pa.
Mr. (J. 11. Bunting, (tailor) Towanda, Pa.
Mrs. G. W. Vincent, SH—luqnin, I'a.
Mr. A. Million, (tailor) Monroeton, Pa.
Mr. I'erciva! Powell, (tailor) Sheshequin, Pa.
Mrs. Owe* Spaldiqff. Wavcily, X. V.
Pr. G. H. Morgan, v.'yt-ox, I'a.
All orders by mail or Express will receive prompt at
tention. Persons not having the full amount can be ac
j commodated with short credit.
A liberal discount given to Agent*. Address
March 5,1866. I!. P. SH AW. Towanda. Pa.
—/9 //
( y #;V
j • 'A.
COMMERCIAL COLLEGE\
LOCATED OVEK THE SfSQt'EWANSA VALLEY ILiNK.
XUXITGHAMTOIff, 11. Y.
Rooms open for Instruction, from 0 A. M. to OJ P. M.
FACULTY,
D.W.LOWELL, IViij.-ipul, Professor of the Science of
Accounts, Practical Accountant, Author of Loweil's
Treatise upon Book-Keeping, Diagrams illustrating the
I same, Ac.
JoflN RANKIN, Commercial Aceoutant, Professor of
i Hook-Keeping and Practical Mathematics.
A.J. WARNER. Professor of Practical and Ornamental
Penmanship, Commercial Calculations and Consspon
dence.
LE CIURERS .
linn. DANIF.I, K. DICKINSON, Lecturer on Commercial
Law and Political Economy. *
Hon. RANSOM IJAI.i I'M. Lecturer on Contracts, Prom
issory Notes and Kills of Exchange.
Rev. Dr. E. ANDREWS, Lecturer on Commercial Ethics.
EXAMINING COMMITTEE.
Hon. SHERMAN D. PIIEICS, WILLI \M R. OSBI'IIN Esq.,
TEACT it. Mono AM, Esq.
The object of this College is to afford to all on oppor
tunity of obtaining a thorough Business Education.
The Books and forms are carefully arranged by prncti
ca! acco mtants expressly tor this Institution, 'aud tin
br.ve all the recent improvements.
The c mrae ol lnstrnetion comprises every department
of L s. The learner will be thoroughly taught the
s-' e and pra-tice of Double Entry Book-Keeping as
i pli dto t ie following kinds of bnsinesß, viz : —General
Merch .itdizing, Maiiufa taring, Binking, Commission,
Steamho ting, Railroading, Forwarding, Freighting, For
eign Shipping, Ac.
Ladies' Department entirely separate from that of the
gentlemen.
Si .dents can cuter College at any time aud receive in
divi Iml instruction. By this arrangement every student
is permitted to progress as rapidly as bis enterprise and
ability will permit, and when thought perfect and com
petent, will re cive a Diploma which will enable him to
review at pleasure.
Time to complete the course, from Six to Twelve Weeks.
No vacations. Board it and $2,50 per week. Assistance
rendered to Graduates in procuring situations.
TEU M S :
For Book-Keeping, full accoolant's course, including
Practical Penmanship, Commercial Computations and
Diploma.—(Time unlimited) $35 00
Same course for Lidies, (-eparate apartment) 20 00
Penmanship and Arithmetic 10 00
Teacher's course in Penmanship, practical and or
namental 30 00
Twelve lessons in Practical Penmanship 2 00
r. iT Occasional classes will be formed in Phonography.
For further partkularr send for a circular.
Binghamton, March 15, ISCo—lytt.
SELECT SCHOOL
Tor Young Ladies.
VRISSES CHUBBUCK respectfully in
ly L form the public that the Spring term of their school
will commence on Monday, the 26th day of March
in the room formerly occupied by them.
Thankful for the liberal patronage extended to them
during the past year, Misses C. assure their patrons that
no pains will he spared to merit a continuance of the con
fidence of those who may confide pupils to their care.
MISS FANNY L. CHUBBUCK will have entire charge
of Music; and a limited number of scholars only will be
taken..
TERMS, rru QT-AKTER OF 14 WEEKS.
First data —To include the elementry English
Branches $4 00
Strond Class —To include the more advanced
English branches,with Mathematics and Latin $G 00
Third Class —To include Mathematics, Moral
and Mental Philosophy, Rhetoric, Botany, Ac.,
with Latin $7 00
Music. —lnstruction on the Piano, with use of Instru
ment per quarter, $lO ; French, per term, $3, and Draw
ing $3, extra.
Each pupil will be expected to provide herself with a
desk and chair.
#"Any information in reference to this School may
be obtained by applying to H. S. Mercur or E. T. Fox.
Towanda. December 1, 1850.
NEW MARBLE FACTORY.
CIORDEX N. TAYLOR, having opened a New Marble
T Factory in Towanda, opposite tEe Ward House,
where he will he prepared to furnish Monuments and
Tombstones, manufactured from the best of Rutland and
Italian Marble, and wrought in such styles and designs as
will suit every variety of taste. Mantle-Pieces and Table
Tops, Ac., made to order. Persons desiring to make se
lections, I would bo happy to have them rail at my shop
as I am confident I can suit them in style and quality,
having experienced workmen from Owego, who under
stand polishing, hewing and lettering in the very latest
style. All work neatly and well done. Orders solicited
and promptly filled. Towanda,March 1, 1860.
Ulster Brass & String Band,
WM. DITTRXCH, Leader.
ANNOUNCE to the public, in general, that they are
prepared to furnish Music for Parades, Excursions,
Pic Nics, Cotillion Parties, Ac.
For engagements, apply to W. PITTRICH, 'Towanda,
U. J. PAVIP'ox, Ulster. marSMtfc
iHCsccllaitcous.
MYE R' S_M 1L LS.
THE undersigned having purchased the above well
known mills and attached to it a Steam Engine, and
also put every tiling connected with it in perfect repair,
with all the modern improvements now in use in first
class Flouring Mills—would respectfully solicit the pa
tronage of the community—trusting that the reputation
the mill lias heretofore borne may not sutler in the hands
of the new firm. It shall be our" aim to do all work en
trusted to us promptly aud in the IKIH possible m nner.
Customers from a distance may rcl/upon having their
work done at once, so as to make but one trip " to mill."
Mr. FROST will continue to give his own personal at
tention to the business at the mill.
CASH paid for all kinds of GRAIN : al*o Floar. Meal
and Feed for sale at the lowest market prices.
MYER, FROST A CO.
ISAAC MYER . ..T. O. FROST E. T. FOX.
NORTH TCWANDA, Oct. 6, 1858.
GEO. 11. 33UISrTIISrCL
RESPECTFULLY informs his former customers and
the public generally,that he has removed his
TAILOR'S SHOP,
To one door south of Tracy A Moore's store and imme
diately opposite D. C. Hall's Stove and Tin Store Main st.
He flatters himself that from liis long experience iu bu
siness he will be able to please all who may favor him
with their custom. Owing to the low pressure in the mo
ney market, he will make Coats from s'2 50 to $4 50 each
ami other work in proportion for READY PAY.
Country Produce in payment, will not be refused, if
ffered Towanda, March 20,185*.
The Argus Book bindery
Again in Pull Operation !
IX7E have the gratifieatu u of announcing to our frfends,
YY customers, and the public, that we arc now pre
pared to do
3300:K I\lnt>TNG 9
in all its Branches in the latest arid most approved styles,
and on the most favorable terms.
Having secured, permanently, the services of Mr. H.
C. WHITKKAK, a finished workman from Philadelphia,
i and having added extensively to the fixtures of the con
cern—giving greater facility than formerly—we can pre
sent to the public the most positive assurance of our abil
, ity to please our patrons.
tYa~ Customers should be particular to remember that
the " Argus Bindery," is in the Argus Building, as iorin
erly, (fir.-t building north of the Ward House) and is con
nected with our Book and Stationery Store and Printing
Office, where all work should he delivered.
CAUTION—We are compelled injustice to ourselves,
and our old customers, as well a> to prevent an imposition
upon the public generally, to caution them against a sort
a concern, that falsely holds out to the public that it is
the Argus Binderv. This .fraud is practiced no doubt,
with a hope of deluding the Public. Against this bold
and deliberate attempt to deceive, tlicy arc hereby cau
tioned.
Particular attention paid to rc Binding. All work
puarranted.
Country I'roduca of all kinds taken In payment
for work.
ei>~ Having made complete arrangements, we are pre
| pared to Rule and Bind BLANK BOOKS to any style or
pattean, at prices as low as elsewhere.
M s i wan da, March 5.1M8. E. A. PARSONS.
BOOK BINDERY.
fTMIE subscriber having withdrawn from the Argus
J building would respectfully inform the public that
he has r moved his I'lain and Fancy Bindery t , the North
Room of the Waul House,- formerly occupied by the Post
Office, where he is now prepared to bind all kinds of
Books in the most approved and workmanlike manner
Having to share my profits with no second person I Bat
ter inyseb that my prices will meet the satisfaction of the
public.
Thankful for the confidence reposed in me and the pub
lic appreciation of my work, (or the last two years, I
filial! endeavor in the future to merit the continuance o!
public support.
Particular attention given to re-binding Books. All
work will be warranted. Terms, Cash.
AAr Also, a large assortment ol STATIONERY of the
best quality, at the lowest prices. Justices' aud Consta
ble's IH.ANKS, of all kinds.
PICTURE FRAMES, round, square and oval: and pic
tures framed to order, cheaper than ever known here.
JOIIAXX F. RENDER,
Towanda. Jan. 11,1830. Bookbinder and Artist.
CAUTION.
" To be, or not to be— hat is the question !
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sutler
The slings and arrows of outrageous opposition,
Or by taking up arms against a sea of printing ink,
And opposing, end them."
rpHE proprietor of the Argus takes occasion in ndver
L tising his Bindery to indulge iu an uncalled ('■ ■ r liing
about a " sort of a concern," which is hoping " to delude
the public." As 1 have opened a Bindery on ray own ac
count, the inference is that if the public bring their
binding to me, they are in no danger of being defrauded.
For two years 1 have worked for Mr. PARSONS, and he
has taken great pains t s itisfy the public 1 was the " best
Binder in America," as the columns of the Argus will
testify. Has he been all that time " deluding the pub
lic?" If I have been engaged in a fraud, lie has been the
principal. But I refer to m7 work during that time as
evidence that there IKLS been no fraud practiced.
Having served a long apprenticeship at the Bindery
business, I have resumed business here on my own ac
count, as I know of nothing which prevents me from fol
lowing a legitimate aud bawful calling for my support.—
1 shall endeav >r hy good work and attention" to my busi
ness to give public satisfaction.
March 15. JOMANN F. BENDER, Binder.
J?i!s(|iiclj;um;t Colltgialt Institute,
TOWAXDA, BRAD FORI) CO., PA.
FACt'LTY :■
OLIVER 9. DEAN. A.B. Principal. Professor of Ancient
Languages, ..mi Mental and Mor.il Sciences.
WM. 11. DEAN. A. 15.. Associate Principal, Professor
of Mathematics and Natural Science.
Prof. CHA RI.ES If. COBUKN, County Superintendent,
General Director of Normal Department.
Mrs. ANN C. KELLOGG, Preceptress.
Miss ANNA M. PEW. Assistant Preceptress.
Miss MARY 11. Ai.I.F.N, Teacher of Vocal and Instru
mental Music.
Mr. CAXFIELD DAYTON, Stewarl.
The Winter Term commences WEDNESDAY, NO
VEMBER 31, and will continue 14 weeks.
TI-'TION, FER TERM :
[Payable invariably in advance, or one-half on entering
the school, and one-half at the middle of the term—fuel
and contingencies included.]
Primary, per term $ 5 00
Preparatory 6 00
Higher, Ist ygar, per term 7 oo
Higher, Ist and 2d year, per term 8 00
Classical, Ist year, per term.... 7 00
Classical, 2d and 3d year, per term 8 ( 0
Collegiate, per term 10 00
N. B. Pupils will be c lassed by the most advanced
branch they respectively pursue.
Pupils using scholarships ate charged $1 per term for
fuel and contingents.
EXTRA EXPENSES:
French $ 5 00
Gorman.. 8 00
Drawing 3 00
Board in the Institute, per week, including fuel
and light 2 00
Washing, per dozen 3S
The Collegiate year is divided into three terms of 14
weeks each. The Annivcrsaty exercises will be held at
the close of the Spring term.
No deduction will lie made for absence, exeept in case
of protracted illness of over two weeks.
Instrumental Music will not, as heretofore, be taught in
the Institution, but by special arrangement—a class will
be taught in a hall adjoining the grounds of the Institute,
by the Teacher ol Vocal Music.
This arrangement has l>een adopted for the past term,
and experience lias proved it to be eminently superior to
the plan pursued in former years. Special pains will be
taken to secure the greatest progress of those wishing to
take lessons in this branch. Terms will be as heretofore :
Tuition on Piano Forte, per term $lO 00
Use of instrument for practice 3 00
Pupils boarding in the Hall will furnish their own tow
els, Ac., and the table silver at their option. It is desira
ble that they also furnish their own bed and bedding
when it is convenient, but when otherwise, these will be
furnished at a slight charge.
It is strongly recommended that students from abroad
should board in the Institution, as better opportunities
for advancement in study are thereby secured.
formal Department —Special exercises are arranged
without extra charge for those preparing themselves as
Teachers of Common Schools. Prof. C. It. COBURN, the
able and well known Superintendent of Common Schools
in the county, has kindly consented to organize the Tea
cher's class, and direct the course to be pursued.
He will also be present to conduct its exercises as often
as practicable, and will deliver frequent lectures on the
Theory aud Practice of Teaching, as also on other subjects
connected with Normal training.
Those persons, therefore, intending to engage in teach
ing for the winter, will find it greatly to their advantage
to be present during the Fall term.
Prof. L'oburu's connection with the institution is not
snch as to in any way interfere with the discharge of the
regular duties of his office.
No pains will lie spared, on the part of the Faculty and
Trustees in sustaining the high repulatation the institu
tion has hitherto enjoyed, and In rendering it more wor
thy of future patronage and support.
.WILLIAM if. DEAN, J„ , . ,
Aug. 9,1859. OLIVER S. DEAN, [Principals.
HARDWARE.— LOT JUST
received at MERCUR'S. !
ittfcellfiiuous.
PATTON & PAYNE,
Wo. 4, Patton's Block, Towanda, Pa.,
1
Have recently added largely to tlieir stock of
aaUGJ & MEDICINES,
CHEMICALS,
FAMILY GROCERIES.
They also have constantly on hand
PURS WINES AND LXQUOHS,
FOB MEDICINAL PURPOSES.
FRESH CAMPHENE,
i At the lowest rates, and BURNING FLUID, of superior
quality, manufactured expressly for the gc u-jet Fluid
I Lamps. They also keep all the Popular
P A TENT ME I) ICINES,
of the day. Every article going from this store is war
ranted as represented, and il any prove different, they
will be cheerfully taken hack, and the money refunded.
J. G. PATTON,
| Towanda, Feb. 1,1859. Dr. E. D. PAYNE.
r\
r rapP
'
STORES & CIIATFIELD
OWEGO, N. Y,
1 Are agents for the sale of
Wheeler's Patent Railway Chain
I I O I V S i > JP o AY E 11 :
, WHEELER'S PATENT
Combined Thresher nnd Winnower,
OVERSHOT THRESHER,
(With Vibrating Separator,)
Single or One horse Power and Separator,
WHEELER'S CLOVER HULLEB,
LAWRENCE SAW-MILLS, (for sawing wood, Ac.)
AH the above machines are manufactured by Wheeler,
Mel,i k, A Co., Albany, N. v., and are warranted to give
entire satisfaction, or may be returned at the expiration
ot a reasonable time for trial.
S. HORTO 2? & Co.'s
CELEBRATED DOG POWERS, FOR CHURNING, &C.
• Constantly on liand.
*yFarmors and otlicrS wi -hing to procure any of the
ibove articles, will do well to call upon us before purchas
ing- June 28, 1K59.
TOWANDA HARDWARE, CUTLERY,
111 ON AND STOVE SIDE.
|| D. C. IT ALL
Wholesale and Retail Dealei
p ~]ii_ Ditrd'.varc and Stores. !m.
It f*l '~C. ft ! 't a " a Nni!, S;, h. Glass, Paints
Oils. House Trimmings—
■ - -.r Tj oti 'li hii.d- ofCaniage trimmings,
f ' •; -MRm Seat Cloths and lives, Carriage
-(fit'
| Ang'rs. Chisels and".dl
Snt I .' * 1 "**, other 'loo..— Cr—s Cut. Mil!
I —and Cii ul.tv Saws, Black
V Tools. Bellows, Anvils, Vices.
IU 1 l; and Screw Platen,
; Axes. Broad Narrow, Lath and Hand Hatchets—Cable.
Log, Trace and Haltr, Chains, Crowbars, Picks, Shovels
and Spades.
I'OCKETAND TABLE CUTLERY Shears and Scis
sors, Edge Tools of all kin Bra —and Enameled Kettles,
Shovel and Tongues. Spoons and Ladles, Tubs and l'ails;
Mops and Washb .rds, and all other kiuds of house-keep
iug implements.
In the H AIU'WARE line. Brass, Brittania, Jappaned
and Plain Tin Ware, -ingle or in setts. Bar. Band, Scroll
and Hoop Iron, Steel of ail kinds. Nail Rods, Ac. Pumps.
Lead Pipe and all tin- uece—.try ii\t ires for water works.
Patent, Stretched Leather Belting and String Leather,
and 10,000 other articles too numerous to mention, that
we are now receiving direct from the hands of manufac
turers andimporters, including" the largest assortment
and greatest variety of
STOVES
Stoves 25 per cent, less ihnn usual far Cash,
or drain ot the highest marl:ft prices.
Coal and Wood Cooking. Coal and Wood Parlor. Dining-
Rooni, Six Plate and Cylinder.everbruughtintoNorthern
Pennsylvania or Southern New York; all of which we
are now prepared to sell at wholesale or retail, at as low
rates, and on as good Tkrms as can be found this side ol
New-York, from the fact that all our goods were bought
•>f first hands and in full packages and large quantities,
f hat gives us an advantage over smaller purchasers and
Dry Goods dealers, that wiil enable us to sell from 5 to
15 per cent, less than any of them, which advantage we
shall offer to any who will favor us with a call before pur
chasing elsewhere.
A large quantity of Tin ware. Stove Pipe and Elbows
always on hand, wholesale and retail. All kinds of Job
Work done to order, on short notice and warranted.
Don't mistake the place to buy STOVES and H ARD
WARE cheap—one door South of Tracy A Moore's, and
Powell's new block on Main street, in the uew Wood
Building, lettered all over.
Grain and Country Produce, old Iron, Brass, Brittania
and Copper, Dried I- ruit of all kinds, Feathers and Bees
wax wanted for goods.
10,000 Sheep Pelts wanted, for which the highest price
n CASH will belaid.
tar No credit given over four months, and all hav
ing accounts or notes over due had better call aud pay
immediately, if tbey wish to save cost.
Towanda, October 13, lt>sß.
Extraordinary Inducements
TO THE BUYERS OF
FURNITURE AND CHAIRS.
HAYING great! v increased my former
CMJSSHS stock of Cabinet Ware and Chairs, I am
* determined to dispose of these accumula
tions rapidly, and with that design offer all articles at
unprecedented low prices, for Cash.
Good Sofas at sl6 to S2O. fine Cane Seat Chairs 75 cts.
each, a nice Bedstead for 20 shillings.
I have now more than 60 different patterns of Chairs,
Bureaus, Desks for the farmer or merchant. Looking
Glasses, Looking glass Plates, Portrait and Picture frames
of gilt, Rosewood, Mahogany and Walnut corner ; 20
patterns of Stands ; extension, dining, tea and work Ta
bles, Hall Stands, and in fact anything that can be found
in a city Ware-house.
A large assortment of ready-made Coffins, with a good
Hearse ready, at all times.
Purchasers will be sure to find the right place, south
side of the public square, one door east of Montanves. .
_Towanda, Pec. 1,1859. CHESTER WELLS.
CAKTDY AND CANDY TOY'S.
I HAY E on hand the larfrc?t and greatest
variety of CANDY AND CANDY TOY'S to lie found 1
in this town, which I will sell at retail cheaper than any
living man.
CANDY oi all kinds sold to those who buy to sell again
at Pedlar's prices.
Towanda, Dec. 15,1859. E. T. FOX.
AND SASH.—IOO boxes Glass,
T 1000 lights Sash lor sale at
Oct. 18,1859. • OCKWELL'S.
Business (Tarns.
Dlt CIIAS. M.TURNEII, PHYSICIAN
Y SURGEON , offers his professional servii
the inhabitants of Towanda and vicinity, office ami L
idence in the dwelling recently occupied by 11 la , T
Etreot 116 d °° r n ° nh 0l the Kl " L:: ' l " 4 ' i Church, Maiai
E. OVERTON, JB „ „ . ~
TIVERTON k MONTANYE,' ATTOR
"• * A F -I ,s ' A . T, A U 7 "—Office ia Union Block, former
y occupied by JAS. MACFAKLANE.
11. J. MADIT L p T)
"If ADJLL& MORROYV, ATTORNEYS
-At AND COUNSELLORS A T LA IP —Oflin
over Mercur's Store, Towanda, Pa. ' U lc *
Towanda, April 2, 18. n-43-tf
I \R. K. H. M ASON, PJJ vsiria .v Axn
SURGEON', offers his profc--iorial service.-to the
people of Towanda and vicinitv. Office at his residence
on Pine street, where he can always be found when not
professionally engaged.
I? li. PARSONS, ATTORNEY A7
LAW, TROY, Bradford Co., Pa. Office over V
M. fe If. F. Long's store. Aug-7. 15.,.
HENRY B. mkkax, ATTORNEY
A I L A 11, TOWANDA, PA.; will pay promo;
attention to business entrusted tobim. Collections made
on reasonable terms, with prompt remittances. octl'i
PLHANAN SMITH, having returned to
A J Towanda, has opened a Law Office over Mercur's
Store. Dec. 1.1857.
DR. H YYFSTON, ///; V -
TtS T, permanently located in Towand c
OFFICE one door south oi BaiicyA Nevea.- .
Towanda, Feb. 19, 1859.
O. H. WOOERVrr- DEWTIST.
PERMANENTLY located in Towanda.—
Office No. 5, Brick Row, over H. W. NoiffiC* Btore
Entrance one door south of Tracy & Moores. dec.l.if •
DRIS G. S. PECK AND O. CHURCH■
ILL. SURGEONS AND MECHANICAL
DENTISTS, TOWANDA, Pa. Xo. 1,
Brick Row, over E. T. Fox's store—entrance fir-t dor
on I'iue st. February 16, 1860.
rmY II WATKINS, J TTORNEYAT
' T LAW. TOWANDA. PA.
Office opposite Lapurte, Mason A Co.
p. a "Collect ions made and remitted with promptness.
Towanda, January 2,1*60.
DR. PORT
OLD DRUG STORE,
Already admitted to be
The largest, safest and most approved
DRUG HOUSE IN NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA!
WITH
An established reputation for keeping the best medicine,
UNEQUALLED '
In its facilities and apparatus for compounding and pre
paring
MEDICINE AND PRESCRIPTIONS,
Conducted by thoroughly competent persons, who devote
the must-careful attention.pav the strictest regard
to accuracy, and use only se!e< tad arti
cles. and medicines of unques
tioned purity, has lieconie
'JL'2 SA§U JJ Jills 3731*2;
With prices revised to correspond with the market.
I YHOLESALEAND RET A ,
ALL ARTICLES WARRANTED AS REPRESENTED.
By recent arrangements with the Manufacturers, Impor
ters or Fir-t Holders of Goods and Cash Purcha
ses, the prices will always lie at the low
est point for Prime Goods.
LOWER FIGURES THAN EVER IN
Paints, Oils, Yarnislies, Glass,
DRUGS &. DYE-STUFFS.
Dvcrything in this extensive stork icUL he sold
Cheap for Cash !
PRICES REDUCED, VtZ:
Of £onp.<, Perfumery, Bru>hcs, Combs,
Tccliet Hnivcs snd S.azors,
fa nips and Materials for Lajht.
TRUSSES & SUPPORTERS,
WINES AND LIQUORS, ONLY FOR MEDICINE
TOBACCO k SNUFF.
All lite Popular Patent Medicines,
Tooth, Skin & Hair Preparations,
Fancy Articles of all Descriptions,
Eclectic, I><.tonic and Homoeopathic Medici s
Spices, Ri d Seed. Lamp Shades and Garden Seeds.
FISH TACKLE, AMMUNITION, Ac.
Constituting the most complete assortment, embracing
the great wants of the People, reduced in Price,
and revised for the Cash System.
IR. PORT UK'S CAMPHENE !
DR. PORTER'S ALCOHOL!
DR. PORTER'S BURNING FLUID !
Arc Fresh, daily'prepared, and unrivalled by any in the
Market.
DR. PORTER'S PREPARATIONS
For Family Use,
Known as Safe and Reliable Remedies, are warranted for
what they are intended to give satisfaction,
viz :
Dr. Porter's Pectoral Syrup price 27* cents
Dr. Porter's Family l'.mlvocation •' 25" "
. I>r. Porter's Tcnfc Elixer '• 50 "
Dr. Porter's Worm Syrup " 25 "
Dr. Porter's Conip. Syr. Hypophoephites.. " 100 "
Dr. Porter's Uterine Tonic l*,o "
Dr. Porter's Blackberry Balsam " 25 "
Dr. Porter's Tooth Ache Drops " 25 '*
Dr. Porter's Cephalic Snuff' " 25 "
Dr. Porter's Tooth Powder " 2j "
Dr. Porter's Tricogene 25 '*■
Dr. Porter's Tricophile " "
Dr. Porter's Shampoo " 25 "'
Dr. Porter's Horse and Cattle Lotion!. !!! " 37 1 "
Dr. Porter's Horse and Cattle Powder " 25 "
Dr. Porter's Bed Bug Poison " 25 "
Dr. Porter's Iflack Ink •• 25 "
Dr. Porter's Cleansing Fluid " 37J *■
Dr. Porter's I'at and Mice Poison " 25* "
Dr. Porter's Citrate Magnesia " 25 "
Medical Advice given gratuitously at the ofliie
Charging only for Medicine.
Thankfnl for past liberal patronage would resperS
fully announce to his friends and the public that no pain*
shall be spared to sat:<fy and merit the coutinuauce
their confidence and patronage, at the
DUXTGr STORK
Corner of Main and Pine streets.
June 30. l-.v.t. H. I'ORTEP., ft P
CLOSING UP OF NAVIGATION.
BREAK IN THE CANAL!
(1A MEN WANTED to buy Stoves at the MAM-
* '*' v/ MOTH FOUNDRY, one door east of Mercur's
Store. We have just received the largest assortment of
STCVES ever brought to this market, both for Coal and
Wood Cooking. Parlor Coal and Wood Parlor. Dining 1 -
room Six-plate and Cylindered Stoves. Some of the
celebrated Empress Cook Stoves, the liest Coal Stove ever
manufactured, all of which will be sold cheaper thaa at
j any other establishment in this country.
| A large quantity of Tin Ware, Stove ripe. Elbows,
; Coal Hods, Coal Shovels and Coal Sifters, alwavsoa
I hand, and for sale at Wholesale or Retail. All kinds or
castings and machine work done to order on short uotire-
I Particular attention paid to Rooting, K, e Troughs. Cos
; doctors, Gutters and all Kiuds of Jobbing done and war
ranted to give satisfaction.
All kiuds of Second Hand Cooking Stoves on liana
which will lie sold very cheap. Please give us a call.
Towanda Nov. 1. 1K59. JOHN CARM AN-
A LL WANTING FARMS IN A L)K
-XxJightfu! climate, rich soil, and secure f'cotn frost ■—
See advertisement of Hammonton tLands in anetfc.r
tolumn.