President's Message. FROU FIRST PAGF.. cess became so probable that, in January last, I employed a reliable agent to visit Mexico, and report to me the actual condition and prospects of tfie contending parties. In con sequence of his report, and from information Which reached me from other sources, fuvor able to the prosoects of the constitional cause, I felt justified iu appointing a new minister to Mexico, who might embrace the earliest suit able opportunity of restoring our diplomatic relations with that Republic. For this pur pose a distinguished cit zen of Maryland was selected, who proceeded on his mission on the Bth of March last, with discretionary authority to recognize the Government of President Juarez, if on his arrival in Mexico ho should find it entitled to such recognition, according to the established practice of the U. States. On the 7th of April following; Mr McLane presented his credentials to President Juarez, having no hesitation "iu pronouncing the Oevernment of Juarez to be the only existing Government of the republic.'' lie was cor dially received by the authorities at Vera Oruz, and they have ever since manifested the most friendly disposition toward the United States. Unhappily, however, the Constitution al Government has noi been able to establish its power over the whole Republic. It is sup ported by a large majority of the people and She States, but there are important parts of the country where it can enforce no obedience. Gen. Miramou maintains himself at the cap ita! ; and in some of the distant provinces there are military governors who pay little respect to the decrees of cither government. In the mean time, the excesses which always attend upon civil war, tspecially in Mexico, are constantly recurring. Outrages of the worst description are committted both upon persons and property. There is scarcely an}* of injury v liich has not been suffered by onr citizens in Mexico during the last few years. We have been nominally at peace with that Republic, but, "so far as the inter est of our commerce or of our citizens who have visited the country as merchants, ship masters, or in other capacities, are concerned, we might ss well have been at war." Lfe lias been insecure, property unprotected, and trade impossible, except at the ri>k of loss which prudent men cannot be expected to in cur. Important contracts, involving large expen ditures, entered into b\ the Central Govern ment, have been set at defiance by the local Government. Peaceful American residents, occupying their rightful possessions, have b en suddenly expelled from the country, in de fiance of treaties, and by the mere force of urbitary power. I)veu the course of justice ha 3 not been safe from control ; and a recent decree of Miramon permits the intervention of Government in all suits where either party is a foreigner. Vessels of the United States have been seized without law, and a consular officer, who protested against such seizure, has bjen lined aud imprisoned for disrespect to the authorities. Military contributions have been levied, in violation of every principle of right, and the Americans who resist the lawless de mand has had his property forcibly taken away, and has been himself banished. From a conflict of authority iu different parts of the country, tariff duties which have been paid one place have been extracted ever again in mother place. Large numbers of Our citizens have been arrested aud imprisoned, without any form of ex unination, or any opportunity for a hearing, and, even when released, have only obtained their liberty after much suffer ing and injury, ond without any hope of re dress. The wholesale massacre of Crabbeand his associates, without trial, in Sonora, as well as the seizure and murder of four sick Americans,, who had taken shelter in the house of an American, upon the soil of the United States, was communicated to Congress at its lust session. Murders of a still more atrocious character have been committed in tne very heart of Mexico, under the authority ot Mira mou's Government, during the present year. Some of these were only worthy of a barbar ous age, and, if they had not been clearly proven, would have seemed impossible in a country which claims to be civilized. Of this description w is the brutal massacre in April last, by order of Gen. Marquez, of three American physicians, who were seized in the hospital at Tacubaya while attending upon .the sick and the dying of both parties, and without trial, as without criin •, were hur ried away to speedy execution. Little less shocking was the recent fate of Ormond Chase, who was shot in Tepic on the 7tii of August, by order of the same Mexican general, not only without a trial, but without any conjec ture by his friends of the cause of his arrest. He is represinted as a young man of good character and intelligence, who had made nu- inerous friends in Topic by the courage and humanity which he had displayed on several trying occasions, and his death was as un expected as it was shocking to the whole com munity. Other outrages might be enumerated but these are sufficient to illustrate'the wretch ed state of the country and the unprotected condition of the persons and property of our citizens in Mexico. • In all these cases our ministers have been constant and faithful in their demands for re dress, hut both they and this Government, which they have successively represented, have beeu wholly powerless to make their demands effective. Their testimony in this respect, nn 1 hi reference to the only remedy which, in their judgments, would meet the exigency, has been both uniform and emphatic. "Nothing but a manifestation of the power of the Govern tnent of the United States, (wrote our late minister in 1556) and of its purpose to punish these wrongs will avail. I assure you that the universal belief here is that there is noth ing to be apprehended from the Government of the United States, and that local Mexican officials can commit these out rages upon Amer ican citizens with absolute impunity." " I hope the President," (wrotp our present min ister it> August last') " will feel authorized t<> ask from-Congress the power to enter Mexico with the military forces of the United States, at the call of the constitutional authorities, in order to protect the citizens and the treaty rights of the United States. Unless such a power is conferred upon him, neither the one noe the other will be respected in the existing state of anarchy arwl disorder, and the out rages already perpetrated will never be c!ia< tised : and, as I assure you in ray No. 2l>, all these evils must increa.-c until every vestige cf order and government disappears from the country/ I have been reluctantly led to the same opinion, and, in justice to inv couu rv tnen who have suffered wrongs from Mexico, and who may still Buffer them. I feel bound to cncojr"? this con.:,a- at o Ccngr^r, Ttje case presented, however, is not merely a case of individual claims, although our jnst claims against Mexico have reached a very large nirrmtnt. Nor ie it merely the ease of protection to the lives and property of the few Americans wfio may still remain in Mexico, although the life and property of every Amer ican citizen ought to lie sacredly protected in every quarter of the world. But it is a ques tion which relates to the future as well as to th present atid the past, and which involves, indirectly at least, the whole subject of our duty to M 'xieo as a neighboring State. The exercise of the power of the United States in that country to redress the wrongs and pro tect the rights of our own citizui is none the less to be desired, because efficient and neccs sary aid may thus lie rendered at the same time to restorn peace an 1 order to Mexico it self. In the accomplishment of this result the people of the United States muct neces sarily feel a deep and earnest interest. Mexico ought to be a rich and prosperous and power ful Republic. She possesses au extensive ter ritory. a f rti'e so l, an incalculable store of mineral wraith. She occupies an important position between the Gulf and the ocean for transit routs and for commerce. Is it pos sible that such a coantry as this can be given up to anarchy and ruin, without an effort from quarter for its rescue aud its safety? Will the commercial of the world, which i.ave so many interests connected with it, re main wholly indifferent to such a result? Can the United States, especially, which ought to share most largely in its commercial inter course, allow their immediate neighbor thus to destroy it.se f and injure them ? Vet, with out support from some quarter, it is impossible to perceive how Mexico cau resume her po sition among nations and enter upon a career which promises any good result. Toe aid which she leqnires, and which the interest of all commercial countries require that she should have, it belongs to this Government to render, not only by virtue of our ueighl o. hpod to Mexico, along whose territory we have a continuous frontier of nearly a thousand miles, but by virtue, also, of our established policy, is inconsistent with the intervention of any European power in the domestic concerns of that republic. Toe wrongs which we have suffered from Mexico are before the world, and must deeply impress every American citizen. A Govern ment which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest duties. The difficulty consists in selecting aud enforcing the remedy. We may in vain apply to the Constitutional Government at Vera Ortiz, although it is well disposed to do us jus tice, for adequate redress. While its author ity is acknowledged in ail the important ports aud throughout the sea coasts of the republic, its power does not extend to the City of Mex ico and the States in its vicinity, where nearly all the recent outrages have been committed on American citizens. We must penetrate the interior before we can reach the offenders, and this can only be done by passing through the territory in the occupation of the Constitution al Government. The most acceptable and least d:3i alt mode if accomplishing the object will be to act in concert with that Govern ment. Their consent and their aid might, I believe, be obtained ; but if not, our obliga tion to protect our own citizens iu their just rights, secured by treaty, woulJ not be the less imperative. For these reasons, I recom mend to Congress to pass a law authorizing the President under such conditions as they may deem expedient, to employ a sufficient military force to enter Mexico for the purpose of obtaining indemnity for the past and secu rity for the future. 1 purposely refrain from any suggestion as to whether this force shall consist of regular troops or volunteers, or both. This question may be most appropri utely left to the decision of Congress. I would merely observe that, should volunteers be se lected, such a force could lie easily raised in this country among those who sympathize with the sufferings of our unfortunate fellow citizens in Mexico, anil with the unhappy con ditio iof that Republic. Such au accession to the forces of the Constitutional Govern ment would enable it soon to reach the City of Mexico, and extend its power over the whole Republic lu that event there is- no reason to doubt that the just claims of our citizens would lie satisfied and adequate re dress obtained for the injuries inflicted upon them. The Constitutional Government have ever evinced a strong desire to do us justice, and this might be secured iu advance by a preliminary treaty. It may be'said that these measures will, at least, indirectly, be inconsistent with our wise aud settled policy not to interfere in the do mestic concerns of foreign nations. But does not the present ease fairly constitute an excep tion ? An adjoining Republic is in a state of anarchy and confusion from which she has proved wholly unable to extricate herself.— Site is entirely destitute of the power to main tain peace upon her borders, or to prevent the incursions of banditti into our territory. In her fate and in her fortune—in her power to establish and maintain a settled government— .re have a far deeper interest socially, com mercially, aim politically than any other nation. Site is now a wreck upon the ocean, drifting about as she is impelled by different factions. As a good neighbor, shall ne not extend to her a helping hand to save her ? If we do not, it would not be surprising should some other nation undertake the task, and thus force us to interfere at last, under circumstan ces of increased difficulty, for the maintenance of our established policy. I repeat the recommendation contained-in iny last annual Message, that authority may be given to the posts across the Mexican line in Sonora and Chihuahua, where those may be necessary to protect the lives aud property of American and Mexican citizens against the incursions and depredations of the Indians, as well as of lawless rovers on that remote re gion The establishment of one such post at a point called Arispe, in Sonora, in a country now almost depopulated by the hostile inroads of the Indians from our side of the line, would it is believed, have prevented much injury and many cruelties daring the past season. A state of lawlessness and violence prevails ou that distant frontier. Lives and property are there wholly insecure. The populatiou of Arizona, now numbering more than ten thous and souls, arc practically destitute of govern ment, of laws, or of any regular administration of justice. .Murder, rapine, and other crimes are committed with impunity. I therefore again call the attention of Congress to the necessity for establishing a Territorial Govern ment over Arizona. T!ie treaty with Nicaragua of the 16th of February, IS.">7. to which I referred ia my la-t annual ine-isage, full el to receive the ratification of the Government of thai Republic. for reasons which I need not enumerate. A similar treaty has been since concluded between the par tie-. beAag lUte on the lath March. 153, which hue a! ■.£) i*eo fen t>j tL* I.jv.ii Tt..e will be immediately mvbmitted to the Senate for their rat ification. ha provision* cannot, I think, tail to be ac ceptable to the people of both countries. t)ur claims against the llovernwteirts of Cffcta Riotfan# Nicaragua remain imvctfrteacd 1 , twough titer are pressed iu att earnest manner. and not without hope of success. I deem it to be my duty once more earnestly to reeom meud to Congress tue passage ot a law, authorizing the President to employ the naval force at his command' for the purpd-e of protecting the lives and property of Ame'rcan citizens pas.-Hig iw transit across the Palladia, Nicaragua. and Tchdantepec routes, agaftlsf sudden and lawless ootbreaks nd depredation*. I shall not repeat the arguments employed in former messages in support of this measure. Suffice it to say that the lives of many of our people, and (kc security of vast amounts of treas ure passing and repassing over ope orj more of these routes, between tiie Atlantic and Pacific, may be deeply involved in flie action of Congress on this subject. 1 would also again recommend to Congress that author ity be given to the President to employ the naval force to protect American merchant vessels, their crews and < ar gues. against violent and lawless seizure and confiscation HI tiie ports of Mexico and the Spanish American States when these Countries may tie in a disturbed and revolu tionary condition. The mere knowledge that such an authoritr had been conferred, as I nave already stated, would of it~elf, in a great degree, prevent the evil.— Neither would this require any additional appropriation for the naval service. The chief objection urged against the grant of this authority is, that Congress, by referring it, would violate the Constitution—that t would be a transfer of the war making, or, strictly speaking, the war-declaring power to the Executive. If this were well founded, it would, of course, be conclusive. A very brief ixaminatiou, however, will place this objection at rest. ' Congress possess the sole and exclusive power, under the Constitution, "to declare war." They alone can " raise and support armies," and " provide and maintain a navy." But after Congress shall have declared war, acd provided the force necessary to carry it on. the Pres ident, as Commander-in chief of the Army and Navy, can alone employ this force in making war against the enemy. This is the plain language, and history proves that it was the well known intention of the framers of the Constitution It will not be denied that the general " power to de clare war" is without limitation,and embraces within it self not only what writers on the law of nations term a public or perfect war—and, in short, every species of hostility, however confined or limited. Without the au thority of Congress the President cannot lire a hostile gun, except to repel the attacks of an enemy. It will not be doubted that under lliis power Congress could, if they thought proper, authorize the President to employ the"force at his command to seize a vessel belonging to an American citizen which had been illegally and unjust ly captured in a foreign port and restore it to its owner. But can Congress only act after the fact—after the mis chief lias been done? Have they no power to confer upon the President the authority in advance to furnish instant redress should such a case afterwards occur ? Must they wait until the mischief has been done, and can they ap ply the remedy only when it is too late? To confer this authority to meet future cases under circum-t mces strictly specified, is as clearly within the war declaring power as such an authority conferred upon the President by act of Congress after the deed had been done. In the progress of a great nation jnany exigencies must arise imperatively requiring that Co gress should authorize the President to act promptly on certaiu conditions which may or may not afterwards arise. -Our history has already presented a uuin er of such cases. I shall refer < nly to the latest. Under the resolution of J:ine 2d, " for the adjust- , TTK-nt of difficulties with tlie Itepillriic of Paraguay," the ; President is authorized to adopt *ueh measures and ttse j siu 'a foree as in his judgment may he necessary and ad- j visahle in the event of a refusal of just satisfaction I>v j the Government of Paraguay." " Just satisfaction " for what? For " the attack on the Unite-1 States steamer* Water Wit h," and " other matfers referred to in the an nual message of the Puesident." Here the power Is ex- i presslv granted upon the condition tlut the Government ! of Paraguay shall refuse to render this" just satisfaction.' 1 In this and other and similar cases Congress have confer red upon the President power in advance to employ the ] army and navy upon the happening of contingent future j events, and this m >t certainly is embraced within the : power to declare war. Now, if tliis conditional and contingent power could ! he constitutionally conferred upon the President in the ' case of Paraguay, why may it not be conferred for the i purpose of protecting the lives and propertyof American citizens in the event that m iv lie violently and unlawful- j ly attacked in passing over the transit routes to and from j California, or assailed by the seizure of their vessels in a ; foreign port ? To deny thi.-i power is to render the navy, j in a great degree, useless for the protection of the lives and property of American citizens in countries where j neither protection nor re.he-s can be otherwise obtained- j The Thirty-fifth Congress terminated on the 31 of \ March. 1359, without hiving passed the "act making appropriations for the service <>l the Post Offije Depirt- : incut during the fiscal year ending the 30th June, l s 6'i." | I'liis act also cont lined an appropriation " to supply de faiences in the revenue of the Post Office Department for the year ending the 3(Uh June. 1*59." I believe this is j the first instance since the origin of the Federal Govern- ) inent, now more than seventy years ago, when any Con ; gress went out of existence without having passed all] the general appropriation bills necessary to carry on the | Government until the regular period for the meeting of j a new Congress. This event imposed on thj Executive , a grave responsibility. It presented a choice of evils. Had this omi-siou of duty occurred at the first session ' of the fat Congress, the remedy w-mld have been plain. ; 1 might have then instantly reealie 1 them to complete their work—-and this without expense to th" Government, | Hut on the 4th of March last there were fifteen of the j thirty three States which had not elected any representa tives to the present Congress. Had Congress been called | together immediately. tiie-e states would have been vir tnally disfranchised. If an intermediate period had been selected, several of the states would have been compelled ! to hold extra sessions of their Legislatures, at great in- ! convenience and expense, to provide tor elections at an j earlier <1 ly than that previously fixed bylaw. In the j regular course, ten of these States would not elect until ' after the beginning of Aug ist, and five ol these ten not j until Octolier and November. On the other hand. when I e:iine to examine carefully I the condition of the J'ost Office Department, 1 did not meet as many oras sreat ditti ml ties as I had apprehend ed. Had the hill which tailed been confined to appropri a'ions for the fiscal year ending oil the 3nth June next, j there would have been no reason of pressing importance 1 for the call of an extra session. Nothing would become dae on contracts (those with railroad companies only ex | ccpted) for carrying the mail on the first quarter of the I present fiscal year, commencing on the Ist of Jnlv, until I the first of Peceinlier—less than one week before the i meeting of the present Congress. The reason is that the | mail contractors for this the current year did not coin , plete their first quarter's service until the 30th September List ; and by the terms of their contracts sixty days j more are allowed for the settlement of their accounts ; before the department could lie eullcd upon for payment. The great difficulty and the great h irdship consisted in j the failure to provide for the payment of the deficiency in ■ the fiscal year ending the 30th June, Pt.VJ. The depart ' ment had entered into contracts, in obedience to existing 1 laws, for the service of that fiscal year, and the contract j or.s were fairly entitled to their compensation as it lie ■ came due. 'file deficiency as stated in the bill amounted to $3.515,72S ; but, alter a careful settlement ot all these | accounts, it has been ascertained that it amounts to if.- j 300.000. With the scanty means at his command the Postmaster ! iener.il has managed to pay that portion of | this deficiency which occurred in the liist two quarters | of the past fiscal year, ending on the 31st December last. In the mean time the contractors themselves, under these trying circumstances, have behaved in a manner j worthy of all commendation. They had one resource in ! the midst of their embarrassments. After the amount ; due to each of them had been ascertained and finally ! settled according to law, this became a specific debt of i record against the United States, which enabled them to | borrow money on this unquestionable security. Still th y | were obliged to pay interest in consequence of the default j of Congress, and on every principle of justice ought to j receive intore-t from the government. This interest should commence from the (late when a warrant would | have issued for the payment of the priucipal had uppro | priation been made for this purpose. Calculated up to Ist December, it will not exceed f M!.66o—a sum not to ; be taken in o account when contrasted with llie great | difficulties and embarrassments of a public and private > character, both to the people and the states, which would have resulted from convening and holding a special ses sion of Congress. For these reasons I recommend the passage of a bill, at as early a day as may be practicable, to provide for the payment of the amount, with interest, due to these ! last-mentioned contractors, as well as to make the ncces ! sary appropriations for the service of the Postuffieo L)e - j partment lor the current fiscal year. The failure to pass the PostofHee bill necessarily gives j birth to serious reflections. Congress, by refusing to pass the general appropriation hills necessary to carry on : the government, may not only arrest its action, but t might even destroy its existence. The array, the navy, the judiciary, in short every department of the govern | ment, can uo longer perforin their functions i) Congress I refuse the money necessary for their support. If this | failure should teach the country the necessity of electing a lull Congress in sufficient time so enable the President I to convene them in any emergency, even immediately | after the old Congress h.-is expii-cd.it will have been pro j ductive of great good- In a time of suddea and alann ■ ing danger, foreign and domestic, which all nations ! must expect to encounter in their progress, the very sal- I ration of our institutions may lie staked upon the as ' gambling of Congress without delay. If, under suchoir ! cumstances, the President should find himself in the con | dition in which he was placed at the close of the last j Congress, with nearly half the states of the Union desti tituteof representatives the consequence might be dis i astrous. I therefore recommend to Congress to carry into effect the provisions of the constitution on this sub i ject. and to pass# law appointing some day previous to the 4th March in each year of odd number for the elec tion of representatives throughout all the states. They have already appointed a day lor the election of electors for President ami Vice-President, and this measure has been approved by the eouutry. 1 would again express a most decided opinion in favor ! of the construction of a Pacific railroad, tor the reasons jst ited rt my last annual messages. When 1 reflect upon 1 what would lie the defenceless condition of our stales ■ aud territories west ol the Rocky mountains in case of a | war with a naval power sufficiently strong to interrupt | all intercourse with them by the routes across the lath mo*, I *ia tin' ni'oe war meed than trcr of the vast iu> pnrtance of this railroad. 1 have never doubted the con stitutional competency of Congress to provide for its construction, but this exclusively under Ute war-making power". Besides, the Constitution e#pre*ly requires, as an imperative duty, that "the United Stutcs abaft pre fect each of tliein (the slates) against invasion." 1 am at a loss to conceive lo>W this protection can be afforded to California and Oregon against audi a naval power by any other means. 1 repeat the opftrfrrs contains* in my last annual message. that it would be inexpedient for the government to undertake this great work by agents ot its own appointment and under its direct and cxc.ln- I sivc control. This would increase the patronage of the I Executive to a dangerous extent, and would foster a sys ■ tern of jobbing and corruption which no vigilance on the | federal officials could prevent. The construction of this road ought, therefore, to lie entrusted to incorporated companies, or other agencies, who wonhl exercise that active and vigilant supervision over it which can he in spired alone by a sense of corporate and individual in terest. I venture to assert that tlte additional cost of transporting troops, munitions of war, sod necessary supplies f<rr the arnty across the vast intervening plains to possessions on the Pacific coast would be greater in such a war than the whole amount required to construct the road. And yet the resort would, alter all, lie inade quate for their defence and protection. We have yet scarcely recovered from the habits of ex travagant expenditure, produced by our overflowing treasury, during several years prior to the commence ment/)? my administration. The financial reverses which we have since experienced ought £o teach us all to scru tinize our expenditures with the greatest vigilance, ami to reduce them to the lowest possible point. The execu tive Departments of the government have devoted them selves to the accomplishment of this object with consid erable success, as will appear Irotn their different reports and estimates. To this 1 invite the scrutiny of Congress, for the purpose of reducing them still lower, it this be practicable, consistent with tiie great public interests of the country. In aid of the policy of retrenchment 1 pledge myself to examine closely the bills appropriating lands or money, so that if any of these should inadvert antly pass both houses, as must sometimes la; the case. 1 may afford them an opportunity for reconsideration. \t the same time we ought never to forget that true public economy consists, nut in withholding the means necessa ry to accomplish important national objects confided to us by the Constitution, but in lukingcuve that the money appropriated for these purposes shall be faithfully and frugally expended. It w ill appear from the report of the Secretary of the Treasury that it is extremely doubtful, to say the least, whether we shall be able to pass through thepiv-ent ami the next fiscal year without pmvidiug additional M vein e. This can only be accomplished by strictly coiifinii.g the appropriations within the estimates of the different de part men ts, without making an alio .vance for any addi tional expenditures which Congress m*y think proper in their discretion to authorize, and with** it providing for the redemption of any portion of the s2o.ooo,<**>o of Treasury notes which have been already issued. In the event of a deficiency, which 1 conshter probable, this ought never to bo supplied bv a resort to additional loans. It would be a ruinous practice in the days of peace and prosperity to go OH increasing the natio nil debt TU meet the ordinary expenses of the government. This policy would cripple our resources and impair our credit in case the existence of. war should render it necea-ary to bor row money. Should such a deficiency occut as 1 appre hend . I would recommend that the necessary revenue be raised ly an increase of our present duty on imports. 1 need not repeat the opinions expressed in my last annual message a> to the be-t mode mid manner of accomplish ing this object, anil shall now merely observe that these have since undergone no change. The rep< rt of the Secretary of the Treasury will explain in detail the oj>crations of that department ol the go- ' vermnent. The receipts into the treasury from all sources during the fiscal year ending .'Otli June, 1>59, including the 1 mii authorized by the act of 11 til June, 1858, and the issue, of tnasury notes authorized by existing laws, were i->l.- 692,471 01, which sum, with the balance of $6,398,316 10 remaining in the treasury at the commencement of that fiscal year, in uie an aggreg ite for the service ol the war id $ >8,090.787 11. The public expenditures during the fiscal year ending ■ 20th Julie, 1*59, amounted to $53,751,.5ti J>7. nr ibis sum $17,405,2*5 41 were applied to the payment of in terest on the public debt ami the redemption of the issues of treasury notes. The expenditures for all other branch es of the public set vice during the fiscal year were there- ! lore $00,340,22*1 13. The balance runairiing in the Treasury on the Ist July 1 s.v.i, being the commencement ol the present fiscal year, was $1,33.i,J<0 54. The leceipts into the Treasury during the first quarter of the fiscal year, eoiiimeuciiig July 1-t, 1*53, were s2n ( - 61*,*65 8.5. (ji this amount $6, *21,300 was received on account of the loan and the treasury notes—the amount of $ I OTJ* s."> having been received during the quar ter from the ordinary source of public revenue. The es timated receipts tor the remaining three quarter- **t the present fiscal year to 3 th June, is ai, are s.">o 420,400 ut this amount it is estimated that $ >.756,100 will he re ieived tor treasury notes which may be raised under the ,',t',i section of tli* act of March last, an 1 $1,170,000 on account of the loan autii rized by the at of lane. 11. lsj*—making $6,926,409 from these extraordinary sour ces. an*l SI3,AO* 1;000 tr >m the or*ii mrv sources ol the public tevenue —making an aggregate, with the halt* lie* I in the treasury on the Ist July. I*o3, <>f $7 5.8*4.541 S3 lor tlic- estimated lueaus of the present fiscal year ending 30th June, I*6o. The expenditures during the first quarter *-f the pres ent lis al year were $20,007,174 7*i. $ I,'iiif ..*>; 76 ol this sum were applied to the payment of interest on the pub lic debt and the redemption of the issues of tre astir* notes, and the remainder, being $15.3t2,505, were applied tu ordinary expenditures during the remaining three quarters to June 3n. I*6o.aie $40,395,558 23. Ol which sum $2.8*0,621 34 are estimated Jpr the interest mi tin public debt. The ascertained anil estimated * xpe-ndilurcs for the fiscal year ending 30.h Juue, I*oo, on account of the public debt, are, accordingly. $7,550,9*8 111 : ami for the ordinary expenditures f' the government $53,431.- 711 89, making au aggregate **t $61.0<J2.722 33 ; leaving an estimated hulnuce in the treasury <>ll the 3oth June, 1860,0f $15,3*1.808 40. The estimated receipts during the next fiscal year end ing 3uth June, Ist*l, are $66,225,000, which with the balance estimated, as liefore stated, as remaining ill the treasury on the 3oth June, Isiln, will make an aggre gate for the service of the next fiscal year of $-0,006,- 808 40. The estimated expenditures during the next fiscal year j ending 30th June, 1801. are $06,714,928 73 Of this amount. $3,3-0,821 lit will lie required to pay the inter j est on the public debt ; leaving the sum of $ :3,32s ,307 15 ! lor the estimated ordinary expenditures during the fiscal j year ending 30th June, isiil. Upon these estimate* aj balance will be left ill the Treasury 011 the Jotli June, of $43,831 ,70 01. But this balance, as well as that estimated to remain in the Treasury on the Ist July, i960, will be reduced by such appropriations as shall be made by law to carry into : effect certain Indian treaties during the present fiscal : year, asked far by flic Secretary of the Interior, to the amount of $539,350. and upon the estimates ol the Po*t- | master-General for the service of his department the last fiscal year, ending 30th June. 1*59, amouutiiig to $4,230.- 1 003, together with the further estimate of that officer for the service of the present fiscal rear, ending 30th June, I*6o, being $.*,'*25,321, making an aggregate of $10,361,- t.s3. * Should these appropriations l>e made as requested by the proper department, the balance in the Treasury <>u the 3tlth June. 1801, will will not, it is estimated, exceed s>i,(i*io.lD(i 01. I transmit herewith the reports of the Secretaries of of War, of the Navy, of the Inferior, and ol the I'ost master-General. They each contain valuable information aiitl important recommendations well worthy of the *e l ions consideration of Congress. It will aft | tear from the report of the Secretary of War that the army expenditures have turn materially reduced by a system of rigid economy, which in his opinion, offers every guaranty that the reduction \* .11 be perma nent. The estimates of the Department b r the next have been reduced nearly two milieu:-, of d-dlars below the estimates fyr the present fiscal y ear, an i h.tli a mil lion of dollars below the amount granted for this yea*' at the last session of Congress. The expenditures of the Postofflee Department during the past fiscal year, endi:*g 011 the 3(lth June. ls.">3, ex clusive of payments for mail service, specially provided for by Congress out of the general treu-ury, amounted to $14,354,493 33, aud its receipts to $7,348,485 07 ; show ing a deficiency to be supplied front the treasury of SO,- 39,003 26, against $5,235,677 15 for the year ending 30th June, 1858. The increased cost of transportation growing out of the expansion of the service required by Congress explains this rapid augmentation of the expen ditures. It is gratify iug. however, to observe an increase of receipts for the year ending on the 30th June, 1859, equal to $481,691 21, compared with those in the year ending on 30th June, 1858. It is estimated that the deficiency for the current fiscal year wi 1 be $5,988,424 04, but that, for the year ending :13th June, 18*11, it will not exceed $1,342,473 30, should Congress adopt the measures of reform proposed and urged by the Postmaster-General. Since the month of March retrenchments have been made in the expendi ture*, amounting to $1,826,471 annually, which, however, did not take effect until utter the commencement of the present fiscal year. The period seems to have arrived for determining whether tltis Department shall become a permanent and ever increasing charge upon the Treasury, or shall be permitted to resume the self-sustuiniug policy which had so long controlled its administration. The course of legislation recommended by the Postmaster- General for the relief of the department from its present emhnrrag-ments, and for restoring it to its original inde pendence, is deserving of your early and earnest consid eration. In conclusion. I would again commend to the jnst lib erality of Congress the local interests of the District of Columbia. Surely the city bearing the name of Wash ington. and destined, 1 trust, for ages to be the capital of our united, free and prosperous confederacy, has strong claims on oar favorable regard. JAMES BUCHANAN. WASHINGTON Crrv, Decemher 19, 1859. HAY SI'AbKS! THE sruseßiiiKß is NOW CUE PA RED to construct Hay Scales upon an improved principle, where simplicity, accuracy, and durability are s" combined as to cxrePin at least simplicity and dura bility any of the scales now in use. Also repairing of old platform scales done on reasonable terms and with dis patch Addrew G W. JACKSON. June*, 1859. Wyalusing, bmilord Co., Pa. m P trc CASH SYSTEM! & ®<D* OWEGO, N. V. RETCRX sincere thanks for the very liberal patronage they have, rmlvtrd eiuca adopting the CASH SYS TEM iu March last. Their customers hate Saved from 20 to 30 per cent. And will continue In do so by purchasing at tbe Em pire Store, a.-> un |>cr.*on that gives credit can compare with the prices at tho EMPIRE CASH STORE. OWEGO, XT. Y. \Vc invite the public to call were a Dollar will buy more Good.- than any other place iu America ! We are now receiving our WMJkm i 1 j And will receive from week to week, through the season. the Latest and most desirable styles of I DRESS GOODS, RICH SILKS, PLAIN AND PLAID MERIXOES, 3Ui.FF.RINO PLAIDS, MAGENTA PLAIDS. DELAINES, MULL AIRS, PAR AM ETTAS. PRINTS, TICKS, COTTON AND WOOLEN GOODS, I.INENS, TOWELING*, SHAWLS, CLOAKS, XEW STYLES OF CLOA KIXGS ! j A tine assortment of ITJillJii jUDj3'S3a VELVET RIEE 0N S, Lower than ever sold before ! in sell the best HOOP SKIRT at 9s. in Otrrgo. Aha, a splendid assortment, (loicer and higher prices.) SHETLAND WOOL, (all odors.) | WOOLEN AND LINEN TABLE SPREADS, OPERA FLAXNEIGJ. HOODS, . CLOTHS, CASSIUKRE3. KENTCCKY JEANS, COTTON FLANNELS. TWEEDS, Ac. AT. " HI 11>UHEiRT <G [) OD §' AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, Cheaper than he bought in Xcic York in small quantities. RIBBOXS, BORDERS, BLOXDE, Jc. IVr have the be-t assortment of M E li It IM ACK Pit I NTS la Oucgo. at to vents per yard. Iti Yards Fine, Fast colored Calica, for Si S lbs. ISA TTIXCI, hire and clean, for Si. Carpetings, of all kinds. OIL CLOTHS, of all kinds. We .-hail srna vlo.-tc our business as a firm, and we are de termined to seil through the coming Fa'l CHEAPER FOR CASH Than any other Firm in Owcgo. So come on, all who are in search of (Soob (Boobs anb (Brent bargains And examine our Stock Which Must and Will be Sold ! We shall beep the prices the same on the following goods: Best extra Sheeting, g a 12 cents Heavy Sheeting, H " 41 fair do C a If! " . j Cotton Yarn, 22 al2 " Merrimack Prints, in " A splendid quality do li a l-l " Paper Cambric, .10 " Kentucky Jeans, 2 shillings. Knitting Cotton, 3 .cents I Gold eyed Needles 4 •• j 100 yd. Spool Thread, 1 " i Coat's Spool, 200 yds., 4 '* Ht-oeha Shawls. $1 50 and upwards. Rubber Circular Combs, 1 shilling. Horn do do ..10 cents. 1 Skirt Reeds a •• Indies Hose, ail colors, 10 " I Saleratns *. It al4 " 5 shilling Tea at 4 shilling. Midasses. goodat ... 4 - SU3AHB, SYRUPS, COFFEES, &C, AT PRICES THAT WLBL PLEASE. STONE 6l CO., Owego, N. Y. "tAAA BUSHELS DRIED AITLES, VA / wanted by STUN E4' Co.,Owego,ia exchange tor goods at cash prices. uov.3. I BUSHJELS DRIED Arrr.Es. I e wanted by STONE A Co., Owcgo, N. Y- iu j exchange for goods at cash prices. uov.3. 1 rXkAA BUSHELS DRIED APn.ES, j 'Arv/v ' wanted by STOJJE A Co., Owego, N. Y.. iu exchange fur goods at cash price*. not.3. Uusffffss (Earns, Dn CHA. M tUnKER, PriYSrctAX tie SVRUEttS, ctlcW hi* nrofessional aerrkoa to the inhabitant* of 'fnwaitila and fVcinit^. I iffiee and N> ideaee in the dwelling recently occupied by H. BOOTH, Ssq., one door north of the EpieeopaJ Churth, ou Maine Btreet. r.. OVFKTON, JK V. MUXTINU:: OVERTON a MOXTANYK, attor. SC. rs A T LA IF—Otlict in Uni"tj Block., former > occupied by Ja-s. MaciAaLAXt. H.J. M AIXI.I P. D. Moaaow. VI AIM LL k MORROW, A 'J'TOBXE YS ill ASH CopysEI.I.URS AT LA fC,—Ufii # over Men nr's Store. T<>wauda. I*a. Towamia, April 2, IS. * n-tT-tf DR. E.H.MASON, PHYSJCIAX A Mr StfßdSfSff, offer* his professional service* to the people of To wan da and vicinity. Office at hi* residence on fine *tre t, where he can always be found when not pruiesidonaUy engaged. EB. PARSONS .1 TTOR XE Y A T • I.A IV, TltOY, Bradford Co., Pa. Office over V, M.A H- F. Ismg'aatoie. Aug- 7. 15n. HENRY B. MKEAN. attorxey AT LAW, TOW A NBA. PA.; will pay prompt attention to business entrusted to him. CoUectiunMuad* on reasonable terms, with prompt remittance*. octl'J "LM, II AX AN SMITH, having returned ler JLJ Towanda, has opened a Law Office over Mercur'a . Store. Dec. 1.1 *57. I)R 11 WESTON, DEX 'j'yw TC T permanently located iu Townndas OFFICE one door south ot B; i i ley A K evens'. To Wanda, Fel. I'J, ISiff. DR. O. S. PECK, SCRGEOX A XII .\T EC IIA SIC A/. HE ST IST. TOWANDA. Pa, nd-Uffice. N'o. 1, Brick Row, oci E. T. Fox's .tore — 1 entrance first door . n Pine .t. July I*. 1-di i. I)It. PORTER'S (LD DRUG STORE, Already admitted to he The largiM. sitfc'f ami most approved DRUG HO'JSE IN NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA ! W ITH . Aii established reputation lor ke< ping the l>e.-t medicine, IN EQUALLED In ita f.u iiltics and apparatn* for compounding ami pre paring MZOI'INE AND PRISCR.IPTICNS, Condiu ted l>y thorouglily coiupeti-nt person*. wh<>d-vote the most careful attention .pat the strh tet r-gard t, accuracy, and use only selected aiti tles. and medicines ~f umpies tioncil purity.has Utomc 17US SA3U iiJIUjC S'TDiiS U'ltli |irioi rvtistsi Im mM'i*|hmJ wUk ♦ • eVo WHOLESALE AM) RETAIL, AI.I. AKTK'I.KS WABKAXTEP \S UKIKLsLNTI.P. By recent arrangements with the Manufacturer*, impor ters or Kirst il till rs of G cd- and Ca-h Pnrrba es, the prices will always Le .it the low est point for Pii.ue Good-- LOWER KK.I'RES THAN EVER IN Paints. Oils, Varnishes, (Jlass, DRUGS &. DYE-STUFFS. Everything in this uhiisirr stick trill Ie sold Che p for Cash ! < rKtP r. Bsnrctr, viz: Of £onps. Perfiimrry, Dnuln's, fiunbs, Pocket Knives and Itar.crs, Lamps and Jfatrriids far Lipid. TRUSSES it SUI'I'OUTKRS, WINES AND LIQUORS, ONLY FOR McDICiNE, TOBACCO &. SNUFF. All the Popular Patent Medicines, Tooth, Skin St Hair Preparations, Fancy Articles of all Descriptions, Echxiir, Bt funic and llomcrnpathic Mei.'irhtrs. Sjiice*. Ri ti Sent. Lamji Shade* and Harden St nit. l'lSi! T.Vt KI.E. AMMCXITIUX. Ac. Con-titutiiig the most complete aasortincut, embracing the great want* of the People, redmed in I'll.*, and revised lr tat Ca.li System. DIL ITiUTiOIO-'-c ...UUOUMI,, DR. PORTER'S ALCOHOL! DR. PORTER'S RI'RXINO FI.CID ! Are Fre>U. daily prepared, and unrivalled by any lu th 3 Market. DR. PORTER'S PREPARATIONS Por Family Use, Known as Safe and Reliable R. me lies, are warranted far what they are intruded to give s.uistaetion. Viz I ; I>r. Porter * Pectoral Syrup price 27J ccnta lr. Porter's Family Embrocation •• 25 " . Dr. Porter's Tonic Elixer '• "AW " Dr Porter's Worm Syrup " 25 " Dr. Porter's Pinup. Syr. Hypopbusphile*.. •* lm) " |>r. Purler's Uterine "Tonic " 150 " Dr. l'orler's Hlai kin-rry Balsam " 25 " Dr. Porter'. Tisith ACIH' lr ps.. •' 25 " Dr. l'orter's Cephalic Sunt!" " 25 44 llr. Pol ler's Tooth l'owder •' 25 *• Dr. Prtrter's Tricogene 44 25 44 Dr. Porter's Tricophile 44 25 44 , Dr. Porter's Shampoo 44 2 5 4 4 { Dr. Porter's Hor-c and Cattle laUiou 44 3 7 44 j Dr. l'orter's Hnr*e and Cattle Powder 44 25 44 | Dr. Porter's |!ed Bug Poison. 44 2 5 44 Dr. Porter's Black Ink 44 25 44 Dr. Porter's Cleansing Fluid 44 374 4 lb. P uter's Rat and Mice Poison 44 25 44 Dr." Porter's Citrate Magnesia 44 2 5 44 Metliral Atl\ ice given gratiiltou>ly at theofli.e Charging only for Meiieine. *S""Thankiul tor pa-t !ilral patronage would resje,-t --fully announce to his fi lends and the public that no pain* shall lie -pared to satisfy and merit the continuance of their confidence and patronage, at the CASIIDRI'G STORK South End of the Ward "House, Jime 3. IHOO. _ ||. p. PORTER. M. P. WOOL CAHDIRRA. "Y,I7"K have put our tuaciiiiiery in the very T T iest order, and have engaged the services of two good and experienced workmen. Having abundance of machinery, room and power, shall la- able to do work as fast as it comes, and will card loads Irom a distance as soon as brought. Cloth dressing, dye ing. A ~ will alao be done in its season. I slull give the ! Imsiness nvy [lersonal utientiou iie.valter, and will guar ante< all the work well done. H. R. IXGHAM. Camptown. May in, ls.s!>. CLOSING UP OF NAVIGATION. BREAK IN THE CJXAL f rnn MEN WANTED to bnv Stoves at tin- MAM *)IFU MOTH FOI'NDRY. one door ea-t of Mcrctir 4 - 1 Store We hive fust received the largest assortment of I STt'VES ever br>ught to this market, isktii for Coal and ; Wood Cooking. I'arlor t'oal and Wood PliHnr, Dining ! room Six-plate and Crlitidt red Stoves. Some of the celehratcil Empress Cook Stove*, the be*t Coal Stove ever i maiiulacturcd, all >t wliicli will be sold cheaper than at any other establishment in thi* country. A large quantity of Tin Ware. Store Pipe, Elbow* Coal Hods. Coal Shovels and Coal Sifters, always on hand, and for sale at Wholesale or Retail. All kind of ca-tinjr and machine work done to order on short no* c Pbrtlenhir attention paid to Roofing. Eve Tnmgfi*. Cmr dpctm-s. Gutters and all kinds of Jobbing (Don* and war ranted to give satisfaction. tII kimts of 'Repond tfansl Cooking Stoves on hand, which will be *ld weiy cheap. Hca-t give u* a call Iwuiulu Nov. l. ls.yi. JOHN* c\itM t\ \ LL WANTING FARMS IN ADK XVlightful elimate. rrebaoU. and securv from frosts — Sea advertisement ot Hainiuoutou laiuds iu auothef column.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers